WO2015166622A1 - Batterie, électrode négative, bloc-batterie, dispositif électronique, véhicule électrique, dispositif de stockage d'électricité et système d'alimentation électrique - Google Patents

Batterie, électrode négative, bloc-batterie, dispositif électronique, véhicule électrique, dispositif de stockage d'électricité et système d'alimentation électrique Download PDF

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WO2015166622A1
WO2015166622A1 PCT/JP2015/001288 JP2015001288W WO2015166622A1 WO 2015166622 A1 WO2015166622 A1 WO 2015166622A1 JP 2015001288 W JP2015001288 W JP 2015001288W WO 2015166622 A1 WO2015166622 A1 WO 2015166622A1
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negative electrode
active material
battery
electrode active
main surface
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PCT/JP2015/001288
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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謙吾 一宮
健太郎 西村
晃 平間
椿　義徳
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ソニー株式会社
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This technology relates to a battery, a negative electrode, a battery pack, an electronic device, an electric vehicle, a power storage device, and a power system.
  • Patent Documents 1 to 3 listed below disclose technologies related to lithium ion secondary batteries.
  • Batteries are required to have excellent volume energy density while suppressing deterioration of cycle characteristics.
  • an object of the present technology is to provide a battery, a negative electrode, a battery pack, an electronic device, an electric vehicle, a power storage device, and a power system that can suppress deterioration of cycle characteristics and obtain an excellent volume energy density. .
  • the present technology includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector having one main surface and another main surface, and one main surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the first negative electrode active material includes a non-carbon material that can occlude and release lithium and has at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as a constituent element.
  • the substance is a battery containing a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
  • the present technology includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
  • the negative electrode is formed on a main surface of a negative electrode current collector having one main surface and another main surface, and a negative electrode current collector.
  • a non-carbon material having a capacity per unit weight (mAh / g) of 3 times or more than a capacity per unit weight (mAh / g) of the second negative electrode active material,
  • the present technology includes a negative electrode current collector having one main surface and another main surface, a first negative electrode active material layer formed on one main surface of the negative electrode current collector and including a first negative electrode active material, a negative electrode current collector, And a second negative electrode active material layer including a second negative electrode active material, the first negative electrode active material being capable of inserting and extracting lithium and a metal
  • the second negative electrode active material includes a non-carbon material having at least one of an element and a metalloid element as a constituent element, and the second negative electrode active material is a negative electrode including a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
  • the battery pack, electronic device, electric vehicle, power storage device, and power system of the present technology include the above-described battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present technology.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the wound electrode body housed in the cylindrical battery.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of a laminated film type battery according to an embodiment of the present technology.
  • 4A is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional configuration along the line II of the spirally wound electrode body shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4B is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of FIG. 4A.
  • 5A to 5C are exploded perspective views showing the configuration of a laminated film type battery using a laminated electrode body.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present technology.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the wound electrode body housed in the cylindrical battery.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration example of a simplified battery pack.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic perspective view showing an external appearance of a simple battery pack
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic perspective view showing an external appearance of the simple battery pack.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a circuit configuration example of the battery pack according to the embodiment of the present technology.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing an example applied to a residential power storage system using the battery of the present technology.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating an example of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present technology is applied.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the discharge curves of Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-1.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the discharge capacity retention ratio with respect to the number of cycles of Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-1.
  • the battery according to the first embodiment of the present technology is, for example, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can be charged and discharged, and a lithium ion secondary battery, for example. is there.
  • a nonaqueous electrolyte battery for example, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can be charged and discharged, and a lithium ion secondary battery, for example. is there.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery for example.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a battery according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
  • This battery is a so-called cylindrical type, and a strip-shaped positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 together with a non-aqueous electrolyte, which is a liquid electrolyte (not shown), form a separator 23 in a substantially hollow cylindrical battery can 11.
  • the wound electrode body 20 is wound around.
  • the battery can 11 is made of, for example, iron plated with nickel, and has one end closed and the other end open. Inside the battery can 11, a pair of insulating plates 12 a and 12 b are respectively arranged perpendicular to the winding peripheral surface so as to sandwich the winding electrode body 20.
  • Examples of the material of the battery can 11 include iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), stainless steel (SUS), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and the like.
  • the battery can 11 may be plated with nickel or the like, for example, in order to prevent corrosion due to the electrochemical non-aqueous electrolyte accompanying charging / discharging of the battery.
  • a battery lid 13 that is a positive electrode lead plate, and a safety valve mechanism and a heat sensitive resistance element (PTC element: PositivePoTemperature Coefficient) 17 provided inside the battery lid 13 are insulated and sealed. It is attached by caulking through a gasket 18 for
  • the battery lid 13 is made of, for example, the same material as the battery can 11 and is provided with an opening for discharging gas generated inside the battery.
  • a safety valve 14, a disk holder 15, and a shut-off disk 16 are sequentially stacked.
  • the protrusion 14 a of the safety valve 14 is connected to a positive electrode lead 25 led out from the wound electrode body 20 through a sub disk 19 disposed so as to cover a hole 16 a provided in the center of the shutoff disk 16. .
  • the safety valve mechanism is electrically connected to the battery lid 13 via the heat sensitive resistance element 17.
  • the safety valve mechanism when the internal pressure of the battery becomes a certain level or more due to internal short circuit or heating from the outside of the battery, the safety valve 14 is reversed, and the electrical connection between the protruding portion 14a, the battery lid 13 and the wound electrode body 20 Disconnects the connection. That is, when the safety valve 14 is reversed, the positive electrode lead 25 is pressed by the shut-off disk 16 and the connection between the safety valve 14 and the positive electrode lead 25 is released.
  • the disc holder 15 is made of an insulating material, and when the safety valve 14 is reversed, the safety valve 14 and the shut-off disc 16 are insulated.
  • a plurality of vent holes are provided around the hole 16a of the shut-off disk 16, and when gas is generated from the wound electrode body 20, the gas is effectively removed from the battery lid. It is set as the structure which can discharge
  • the resistance element 17 increases in resistance when the temperature rises, cuts off the current by disconnecting the electrical connection between the battery lid 13 and the wound electrode body 20, and generates abnormal heat due to an excessive current.
  • the gasket 18 is made of, for example, an insulating material, and the surface is coated with asphalt.
  • the wound electrode body 20 accommodated in the battery is wound around the center pin 24.
  • the wound electrode body 20 is formed by sequentially laminating a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 with a separator 23 interposed therebetween, and is wound in the longitudinal direction.
  • a positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the positive electrode 21, and a negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the negative electrode 22.
  • the positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve 14 and is electrically connected to the battery lid 13, and the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to and electrically connected to the battery can 11.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing a part of the spirally wound electrode body 20 shown in FIG.
  • the positive electrode 21, the negative electrode 22, and the separator 23 will be described in detail.
  • the positive electrode 21 has, for example, a structure in which a positive electrode active material layer 21B is formed on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 21A having one main surface and another main surface. Although not shown, the positive electrode 21 may have a region where the positive electrode active material layer 21B is formed only on one surface of the positive electrode current collector 21A.
  • the positive electrode current collector 21A is made of, for example, a metal foil such as an aluminum foil.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 21B contains one or more positive electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium as the positive electrode active material.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 21B may include other materials such as a binder and a conductive agent as necessary.
  • a lithium-containing compound As the positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, for example, a lithium-containing compound is preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
  • the lithium-containing compound include a composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal element, and a phosphate compound containing lithium and a transition metal element.
  • the group which consists of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) as a transition metal element is preferable. This is because a higher voltage can be obtained.
  • a lithium-containing compound represented by Li x M1O 2 or Li y M2PO 4 can be used as the positive electrode material.
  • M1 and M2 represent one or more transition metal elements.
  • the values of x and y vary depending on the charge / discharge state of the battery, and are generally 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.10 and 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.10.
  • Examples of the composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal element include lithium cobalt composite oxide (Li x CoO 2 ), lithium nickel composite oxide (Li x NiO 2 ), and lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide (Li x Ni).
  • lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide Li x Ni (1-vw) Co v Mn w O 2 (0 ⁇ v + w ⁇ 1, v> 0, w > 0)
  • lithium manganese composite oxide LiMn 2 O 4
  • lithium manganese nickel composite oxide LiMn 2 ⁇ t N t O 4 (0 ⁇ t ⁇ 2) having a spinel structure.
  • a complex oxide containing cobalt is preferable. This is because a high capacity can be obtained and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
  • Examples of the phosphate compound containing lithium and a transition metal element include a lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO 4 ) or a lithium iron manganese phosphate compound (LiFe 1-u Mn u PO 4 (0 ⁇ u ⁇ 1). ) And the like.
  • lithium composite oxide examples include lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), and lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ).
  • LiCoO 2 lithium cobaltate
  • LiNiO 2 lithium nickelate
  • LiMn 2 O 4 lithium manganate
  • a solid solution in which a part of the transition metal element is substituted with another element can also be used.
  • lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide LiNi 0.5 Co 0.5 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 etc.
  • lithium nickel cobalt aluminum composite oxide LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 etc.
  • composite particles in which the surfaces of particles made of any of the above lithium-containing compounds are coated with fine particles made of any of the other lithium-containing compounds can be used. Good.
  • positive electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium include oxides such as vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), and iron disulfide. (FeS 2 ), disulfides such as titanium disulfide (TiS 2 ) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and chalcogenides containing no lithium such as niobium diselenide (NbSe 2 ) (particularly layered compounds and spinel compounds) ), Lithium-containing compounds containing lithium, and conductive polymers such as sulfur, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyacetylene, or polypyrrole.
  • the positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium may be other than the above. Further, two or more kinds of the series of positive electrode materials described above may be mixed in any combination.
  • conductive agent for example, a carbon material such as carbon black (CB) or graphite is used.
  • binder examples include resin materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and these resin materials. At least one selected from a copolymer or the like mainly composed of is used.
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • SBR styrene butadiene rubber
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • the negative electrode 22 includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector 22A having one main surface and another main surface, and a first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 and a second negative electrode active material layer 22B containing different negative electrode active material species. 2 and including.
  • the anode 22 has, for example, the first anode active material layer 22B 1 is formed on one main surface of the anode current collector 22A, the anode active material layer 22B 2 to the other principal surface of the second anode current collector 22A is formed Has a structured.
  • the negative electrode 22 includes a negative electrode collector together with a region in which the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 is formed on one main surface and the second negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 is formed on the other main surface. may have a region where the first anode active material layer 22B 1 and the second anode active material layer 22B 2 are formed only on one side of the collector 22A.
  • the anode current collector 22A is made of, for example, a metal foil such as a copper foil.
  • first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 includes any one or more negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium as the first negative electrode active material.
  • the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 may further include other materials such as a conductive agent and a binder as necessary.
  • first negative electrode active material a non-carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium can be used.
  • the non-carbon material capable of occluding and releasing lithium include materials that can occlude and release lithium and have at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as a constituent element. It is done.
  • the non-carbon material it is preferable to use a material whose capacity per unit weight (mAh / g) is three times or more than the capacity per unit weight (mAh / g) of the first negative electrode active material described later. This is because a higher energy density can be obtained.
  • the first negative electrode active material may be a single element of metal element or metalloid element, an alloy or a compound, and may have at least a part of one or two or more phases thereof.
  • the “alloy” in the present technology includes an alloy containing one or more metal elements and one or more metalloid elements in addition to an alloy composed of two or more metal elements. Further, the “alloy” may contain a nonmetallic element. This structure includes a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, or one in which two or more of them coexist.
  • Examples of the metal element or metalloid element described above include a metal element or metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium. Specifically, silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), Examples thereof include bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt).
  • silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb) examples thereof include bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), palladium
  • the first negative electrode active material typically, a silicon-containing material containing at least silicon as a constituent element is preferable.
  • the silicon-containing material include a simple substance of silicon (sometimes referred to as pure silicon), an alloy or a compound, or a material having one or two or more phases thereof at least in part.
  • alloy of silicon for example, as a second constituent element other than silicon, tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), zinc ( Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, tantalum, zirconium, yttrium and chromium (Cr)
  • the silicon alloy is preferably one in which a Si phase is dispersed in a matrix phase composed of a single phase or a compound phase containing one or more alloy constituent elements.
  • a silicon alloy is an alloy in which Si is finely dispersed in a different metal different from Si.
  • the dissimilar metal element is typically Fe or the like, for example. This is because the utilization factor with respect to the theoretical capacity of the active material can be increased, and the cycle characteristics can be further improved.
  • Examples of the silicon compound include compounds containing at least silicon and oxygen (O). For example, SiO, SiO 2, and the like.
  • conductive agent for example, a carbon material such as carbon black (CB) is used.
  • binder examples include resins such as polyamideimide (PAI), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). At least one selected from materials and copolymers mainly composed of these resin materials is used.
  • PAI polyamideimide
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • SBR styrene butadiene rubber
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • the second negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 is any one of negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium as a second negative electrode active material of a material type different from the first negative electrode active material. Or 2 or more types are included.
  • the second negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 may further include other materials such as a conductive agent and / or a binder as required, in addition to the negative electrode material.
  • a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium can be used as the second negative electrode active material.
  • carbon materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium include non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, artificial graphite such as MCMB (mesophase pitch carbon (mesocarbon microbeads)), natural graphite, heat Examples include decomposed carbons, cokes, graphites, glassy carbons, organic polymer compound fired bodies, carbon blacks, carbon fibers, and activated carbon.
  • coke include pitch coke, needle coke, and petroleum coke.
  • An organic polymer compound fired body is a carbonized material obtained by firing a polymer material such as a phenol resin or a furan resin at an appropriate temperature, and part of it is non-graphitizable carbon or graphitizable carbon. Some are classified as:
  • conductive agent for example, a carbon material such as carbon black (CB) is used.
  • binder examples include resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyamideimide (PAI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). At least one selected from materials and copolymers mainly composed of these resin materials is used.
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PAI polyamideimide
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • SBR styrene butadiene rubber
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • the negative electrode utilization factor on the first negative electrode active material layer side of the negative electrode 22 is preferably 40% or more and 80% or less.
  • the negative electrode utilization rate on the first negative electrode active material layer side is preferably 40% or more and 80% or less.
  • Negative electrode utilization rate (X1 / Y1) ⁇ 100.
  • the occlusion amount X1 can be obtained by the following procedure, for example. First, after charging the secondary battery until it is fully charged, the secondary battery is disassembled, and a portion of the negative electrode 22 facing the positive electrode 21 is cut out as an inspection negative electrode. Subsequently, an evaluation battery using metal lithium as a counter electrode is assembled using the inspection negative electrode. Finally, after discharging the evaluation battery and examining the discharge capacity at the first discharge, the storage capacity X1 is calculated by dividing the discharge capacity by the area of the inspection negative electrode. “Discharge” in this case means energization in the direction in which lithium ions are released from the inspection negative electrode.
  • the charge capacity is divided by the area of the inspection negative electrode. Calcul. “Charging” in this case means energization in the direction in which lithium ions are occluded in the inspection negative electrode.
  • the charging / discharging conditions for obtaining the storage amounts X1 and Y1 are, for example, a current density of 1 mA / cm 2 , discharging until the battery voltage reaches 1.5V, and a current value while keeping the battery voltage at 0V. Is charged at a constant voltage until the current reaches 0.05 mA or less.
  • the negative electrode utilization rate (%) of the present technology may be measured, for example, as follows.
  • the secondary battery is disassembled, and a half cell (counter lithium) 2016 coin cell is assembled and measured using a part of the negative electrode 22.
  • Charging is performed at constant current-constant voltage method (CC-CV mode), voltage 0.05V, current 0.08C, 15 hours, and discharging is performed at constant current method (CC mode), current 0.08C, cut-off
  • the measurement is performed at a voltage of 1.2 V, and the maximum chargeable capacity mAh / g is measured and set to Y2.
  • the design capacity mAh / g theoretically released from the positive electrode in the scanning potential range is X2, (X2 / Y2) ⁇ 100% is defined as the negative electrode utilization rate (%).
  • the binder contained in the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 As the binder contained in the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 , a binder having a better suppression effect on the expansion of the first negative electrode active material is selected, and the second negative electrode active material layer 22B is selected. As the binder contained in 2 , it is preferable to select a binder having a more excellent suppressing effect on the expansion of the second negative electrode active material. Thereby, the more excellent suppression effect can be acquired also with respect to the expansion
  • the first binder contained in the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 is a second binder different from the first binder contained in the second negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 such as polyamideimide. More preferably, polyvinylidene fluoride or the like is used as the binder.
  • the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 and the second negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 are formed by appropriately selecting any one of a gas phase method, a liquid phase method, a thermal spraying method, a firing method, and a coating method. Or two or more of them may be combined.
  • a gas phase method for example, physical deposition method or chemical deposition method, specifically, vacuum evaporation method, sputtering method, ion plating method, laser ablation method, thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Or plasma chemical vapor deposition.
  • the liquid phase method a known method such as electroplating or electroless plating can be used.
  • the firing method is, for example, a method in which a particulate negative electrode active material is mixed with a binder or the like and dispersed in a solvent, followed by heat treatment at a temperature higher than the melting point of the binder or the like.
  • a known method can also be used for the firing method, for example, an atmospheric firing method, a reactive firing method, or a hot press firing method.
  • the separator 23 is a porous film composed of an insulating film having a high ion permeability and a predetermined mechanical strength.
  • the separator 23 is impregnated with an electrolytic solution that is a liquid electrolyte. A non-aqueous electrolyte is held in the pores of the separator 23.
  • a polyolefin resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene, an acrylic resin, a styrene resin, a polyester resin, or a nylon resin is preferably used as the resin material constituting the separator 23.
  • polyethylene such as low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and linear polyethylene, or their low molecular weight wax content, or polyolefin resin such as polypropylene is suitable because it has an appropriate melting temperature and is easily available.
  • a material including a porous film made of a polyolefin resin is excellent in separability between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 and can further reduce a decrease in internal short circuit.
  • the thickness of the separator 23 can be arbitrarily set as long as it is equal to or greater than the thickness that can maintain the required strength.
  • the separator 23 insulates between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 to prevent a short circuit and the like, and has ion permeability for suitably performing a battery reaction via the separator 23, and the battery reaction in the battery. It is preferable to set the thickness so that the volumetric efficiency of the active material layer that contributes to the maximum can be increased.
  • Nonaqueous electrolyte The nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes an electrolyte salt and a nonaqueous solvent that dissolves the electrolyte salt.
  • the electrolyte salt contains, for example, one or more light metal compounds such as lithium salts.
  • the lithium salt include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ), lithium tetraphenylborate (LiB (C 6 H 5) 4), methanesulfonic acid lithium (LiCH 3 SO 3), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3), tetrachloroaluminate lithium (LiAlCl 4), six Examples thereof include dilithium fluorosilicate (Li 2 SiF 6 ), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bromide (LiBr).
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium hexafluoroarsenate is preferable, and lithium hexafluorophosphate is more preferable.
  • non-aqueous solvent examples include lactone solvents such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, Carbonate ester solvents such as diethyl carbonate, ether solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and nitriles such as acetonitrile
  • Nonaqueous solvents such as solvents, sulfolane-based solvents, phosphoric acids, phosphate ester solvents, and pyrrolidones are exemplified. Any one of the non-aqueous solvents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used.
  • a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate as the non-aqueous solvent, and it may contain a compound in which a part or all of the hydrogen of the cyclic carbonate or the chain carbonate includes a fluorination.
  • the fluorinated compound include fluoroethylene carbonate (4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one: FEC) or difluoroethylene carbonate (4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one: DFEC) is preferably used.
  • a positive electrode material, a conductive agent, and a binder are mixed to prepare a positive electrode mixture.
  • the positive electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry. Make it.
  • the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to the positive electrode current collector 21A, the solvent is dried, and the positive electrode active material layer 21B is formed by compression molding with a roll press machine or the like, and the positive electrode 21 is manufactured.
  • a negative electrode mixture is prepared by mixing a first negative electrode active material, which is a negative electrode material, a binder, and a conductive agent, and the negative electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry (first paint) is prepared.
  • a negative electrode mixture is prepared by mixing a second negative electrode active material, which is a negative electrode material, a binder, and a conductive agent, and the negative electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry (second paint) is prepared.
  • the first paint is applied to one main surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A, the solvent is dried, the second paint is applied to the other main surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A, and the solvent is dried. And compression molding with a roll press machine or the like.
  • the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 is formed on one main surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A
  • the second negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 is formed on the other main surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A. 22 is produced.
  • the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 side and the second negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 side of the negative electrode 22 are predetermined with respect to the positive electrode capacity facing each other. It can adjust so that it may become the negative electrode utilization factor. (The same applies to the embodiments described later)
  • the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is prepared by dissolving an electrolyte salt in a nonaqueous solvent.
  • the positive electrode lead 25 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 21A by welding or the like, and the negative electrode lead 26 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 22A by welding or the like. Then, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are wound through the separator 23 of the present technology to form a wound electrode body 20.
  • the tip of the positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve mechanism, and the tip of the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to the battery can 11.
  • the wound surface of the wound electrode body 20 is sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 a and 12 b and housed in the battery can 11.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery can 11 and impregnated in the separator 23.
  • the safety valve mechanism including the battery lid 13 and the safety valve 14 and the heat sensitive resistance element 17 are fixed to the opening end of the battery can 11 by caulking through the gasket 18. Thereby, the battery of the present technology shown in FIG. 1 is formed.
  • the first negative electrode active material layer 22B 1 is formed on one main surface of the negative electrode current collector having one main surface and the other main surface, and the second main surface is formed on the second main surface.
  • the negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 is formed.
  • Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above have the following problems.
  • the cycle durability of a lithium alloy negative electrode material can be improved if it can be regulated so as not to exceed a specific charging depth. It has been found that the cycle durability can be improved by limiting the volume expansion to a range that can be constrained by the coated carbon layer.
  • the positive electrode potential rises intermittently during a continuous cycle, and long-term reliability is ensured by elution of transition metals from the positive electrode active material and an increase in reaction film. I can't.
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-313131
  • the capacity of the outer surface negative electrode active material layer is 1, the capacity of the inner surface negative electrode active material layer is set to 0.6 or more and 0.8 or less. It has been proposed to solve the distortion.
  • the balance between the positive and negative electrode potentials is lost during the continuous cycle, causing the positive electrode to deteriorate, and the cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded perspective configuration of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the second embodiment of the present technology
  • FIG. 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line II of the spirally wound electrode body 30 illustrated in FIG. It shows.
  • FIG. 4B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of FIG. 4A.
  • This non-aqueous electrolyte battery is mainly one in which a wound electrode body 30 to which a positive electrode lead 31 and a negative electrode lead 32 are attached is housed in a film-shaped exterior member 40.
  • the battery structure using the film-shaped exterior member 40 is called a laminate film type.
  • This nonaqueous electrolyte battery is, for example, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can be charged and discharged, and is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 are led out in the same direction from the inside of the exterior member 40 to the outside, for example.
  • the positive electrode lead 31 is made of, for example, a metal material such as aluminum
  • the negative electrode lead 32 is made of, for example, a metal material such as copper, nickel, or stainless steel. These metal materials are, for example, in a thin plate shape or a mesh shape.
  • the exterior member 40 has a configuration in which resin layers are provided on both surfaces of a metal layer made of metal foil, such as an aluminum laminate film in which a nylon film, an aluminum foil, and a polyethylene film are bonded in this order.
  • the general structure of the exterior member 40 has, for example, a laminated structure of an outer resin layer / a metal layer / an inner resin layer.
  • the exterior member 40 has a structure in which the outer edges of two rectangular aluminum laminate films are bonded to each other by fusion or an adhesive so that the inner resin layer faces the wound electrode body 30. Have.
  • Each of the outer resin layer and the inner resin layer may be composed of a plurality of layers.
  • the metal material constituting the metal layer only needs to have a function as a moisture-permeable barrier film, and includes aluminum (Al) foil, stainless steel (SUS) foil, nickel (Ni) foil, and plated iron ( Fe) foil or the like can be used.
  • Al aluminum
  • SUS stainless steel
  • Ni nickel
  • Fe plated iron
  • the aluminum foil which is thin and lightweight and excellent in workability.
  • annealed aluminum JIS A8021P-O
  • JIS A8079P-O JIS A8079P-O
  • JIS A1N30-O JIS A1N30-O
  • the thickness of the metal layer is typically preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less, for example.
  • the thickness is less than 30 ⁇ m, the material strength tends to decrease.
  • it exceeds 150 micrometers while processing becomes remarkably difficult, the thickness of a laminate film will increase and it exists in the tendency for the volumetric efficiency of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery to reduce.
  • the inner resin layer is a part that is melted by heat and fused to each other, such as polyethylene (PE), non-axially oriented polypropylene (CPP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) or the like can be used, and a plurality of these can be selected and used.
  • PE polyethylene
  • CPP non-axially oriented polypropylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • LLDPE Linear low density polyethylene
  • polyolefin resin polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyester, or the like is used because of its beautiful appearance, toughness, flexibility, and the like.
  • nylon polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polybutylene naphthalate (PBN) are used. Is also possible.
  • the adhesion film 41 is inserted between the exterior member 40 and the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 to prevent intrusion of outside air.
  • the adhesion film 41 is made of a material having adhesion to the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32. Examples of such a material include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polyethylene, and modified polypropylene.
  • the exterior member 40 may be constituted by a laminated film having another laminated structure instead of the aluminum laminated film having the laminated structure described above, or may be constituted by a polymer film such as polypropylene or a metal film. It may be.
  • FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional configuration along the line II of the spirally wound electrode body shown in FIG. 4B is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the spirally wound electrode body shown in FIG. 4A.
  • This wound electrode body 30 is formed by laminating and winding a belt-like positive electrode 33 and a belt-like negative electrode 34 via a belt-like separator 35 and an electrolyte 36, and the outermost periphery is protected by a protective tape 37. Has been.
  • the positive electrode 33 has, for example, a structure in which a positive electrode active material layer 33B is formed on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 33A having one main surface and another main surface. Although not shown, the positive electrode 33 may have a region where the positive electrode active material layer 33B is formed only on one surface of the positive electrode current collector 33A.
  • the positive electrode current collector 33A and the positive electrode active material layer 33B are the same as the positive electrode current collector 21A and the positive electrode active material layer 21B in the first embodiment, respectively.
  • the negative electrode 34 includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector 34A having one main surface and another main surface, and a first negative electrode active material layer 34B 1 and a second negative electrode active material layer 34B containing different negative electrode active material species. 2 and including.
  • the anode 34 has, for example, the first anode active material layer 34B 1 is formed on one main surface of the anode current collector 34A, the anode active material layer 34B 2 to the other principal surface of the second negative electrode collector 34A is formed Has a structured.
  • the negative electrode 34 has a negative electrode current collector together with a region in which the first negative electrode active material layer 34B 1 is formed on one main surface and the second negative electrode active material layer 34B 2 is formed on the other main surface. may have a region where the first anode active material layer 34B 1 and the second anode active material layer 34B 2 are formed only on one side of the collector 34A.
  • the configuration of the negative electrode current collector 34A, the first negative electrode active material layer 34B 1, and the second negative electrode active material layer 34B 2 is the same as that of the negative electrode current collector 22A and the first negative electrode active material layer in the first embodiment.
  • the configuration is the same as that of 22B 1 and the second negative electrode active material layer 22B 2 .
  • the separator 35 is the same as the separator 23 in the first embodiment.
  • the electrolyte 36 includes a nonaqueous electrolytic solution (electrolytic solution) and a polymer compound (matrix polymer compound) that holds the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
  • the electrolyte 36 is, for example, a so-called gel electrolyte.
  • a gel electrolyte is preferable because high ion conductivity (for example, 1 mS / cm or more at room temperature) is obtained and liquid leakage is prevented.
  • Nonaqueous electrolyte The nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes an electrolyte salt and a nonaqueous solvent that dissolves the electrolyte salt.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • Polymer compound As the polymer compound, those having a property compatible with a solvent can be used. Examples of such a polymer compound include polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and polyphosphazene.
  • Polysiloxane polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, polystyrene, or polycarbonate. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed. Among these, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, or polyethylene oxide is preferable. This is because it is electrochemically stable.
  • This nonaqueous electrolyte battery is manufactured, for example, by the following three types of manufacturing methods (first to third manufacturing methods).
  • First manufacturing method (Preparation of positive electrode)
  • a positive electrode material, a conductive agent, and a binder are mixed to prepare a positive electrode mixture, and this positive electrode mixture is mixed with a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • this positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 33A, the solvent is dried, and compression forming is performed by a roll press machine or the like to form the positive electrode active material layer 33B, thereby producing the positive electrode 33.
  • the area density of the positive electrode active material layer 33B can be adjusted by compression molding with a roll press or the like while adjusting the thickness and density while heating as necessary. In this case, compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times.
  • a negative electrode mixture is prepared by mixing a first negative electrode active material, which is a negative electrode material, a binder, and a conductive agent, and the negative electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry (first paint) is prepared.
  • a negative electrode mixture is prepared by mixing a second negative electrode active material, which is a negative electrode material, a binder, and a conductive agent, and the negative electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry (second paint) is prepared.
  • the first paint is applied to one main surface of the negative electrode current collector 34A, the solvent is dried, the second paint is applied to the other main surface of the negative electrode current collector 34A, and the solvent is dried. And compression molding with a roll press machine or the like.
  • the first negative electrode active material layer 34B 1 is formed on one main surface of the negative electrode current collector 34A
  • the second negative electrode active material layer 34B 2 is formed on the other main surface of the negative electrode current collector 34A. 34 is produced.
  • a precursor solution containing an electrolytic solution, a polymer compound, and a solvent is prepared and applied to at least one of both surfaces of the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34, and then the solvent is volatilized to form a gel electrolyte 36.
  • the positive electrode lead 31 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 33A
  • the negative electrode lead 32 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 34A.
  • the gel electrolyte 36 may be formed on at least one surface of both surfaces of the separator.
  • the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 on which the electrolyte 36 is formed are stacked via the separator 35 and then wound in the longitudinal direction, and a protective tape 37 is adhered to the outermost peripheral portion to produce the wound electrode body 30.
  • a protective tape 37 is adhered to the outermost peripheral portion to produce the wound electrode body 30.
  • the wound electrode body 30 is sandwiched between two film-shaped exterior members 40, the outer edge portions of the exterior member 40 are bonded to each other by heat fusion or the like, so that the wound electrode body 30 is Encapsulate.
  • the adhesion film 41 is inserted between the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 and the exterior member 40.
  • the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are manufactured in the same manner as in the first manufacturing method.
  • the positive electrode lead 31 is attached to the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode lead 32 is attached to the negative electrode 34.
  • the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are laminated and wound through a separator 35 coated with a polymer compound on both sides, and then a protective tape 37 is adhered to the outermost periphery thereof to form a wound electrode body.
  • a wound body that is a precursor of 30 is produced.
  • the remaining outer peripheral edge except for the outer peripheral edge on one side is bonded by thermal fusion or the like, so that the bag-shaped exterior is obtained.
  • the wound body is accommodated in the member 40.
  • Examples of the polymer compound applied to the separator 35 include a polymer containing vinylidene fluoride as a component, that is, a homopolymer, a copolymer, a multi-component copolymer, and the like. Specifically, polyvinylidene fluoride, binary copolymers containing vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene as components, and ternary copolymers containing vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene as components. A coalescence or the like is preferred.
  • the polymer compound may contain one or more other polymer compounds together with the polymer containing vinylidene fluoride as a component.
  • the polymer compound on the separator 35 may form a porous polymer compound as follows, for example. That is, first, a solution in which a polymer compound is dissolved in a first solvent composed of a polar organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylsulfoxide, etc. And this solution is applied onto the separator 35. Next, the separator 35 coated with the above solution is compatible with the above polar organic solvent such as water, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, etc., and in the second solvent which is a poor solvent for the above polymer compound. Immerse. At this time, solvent exchange occurs, phase separation accompanied by spinodal decomposition occurs, and the polymer compound forms a porous structure. Thereafter, by drying, a porous polymer compound having a porous structure can be obtained.
  • a polar organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇
  • an electrolytic solution is prepared and injected into the bag-shaped exterior member 40, and then the opening of the exterior member 40 is sealed by heat fusion or the like.
  • the electrolytic solution is impregnated into the polymer compound, and the polymer compound is gelled to form the gel electrolyte 36.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte battery shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A and B is completed.
  • the third manufacturing method In the third manufacturing method, first, the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are produced in the same manner as in the first manufacturing method. Next, the positive electrode lead 31 is attached to the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode lead 32 is attached to the negative electrode 34. Subsequently, after the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are laminated and wound via the separator 35, a protective tape 37 is adhered to the outermost peripheral portion thereof, and a wound body that is a precursor of the wound electrode body 30. Is made.
  • the positive electrode lead 31 is attached to the end portion of the positive electrode current collector 33A by welding, and the negative electrode lead 32 is attached to the end portion of the negative electrode current collector 34A by welding.
  • the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are laminated and wound with the separator 35 interposed therebetween, and a protective tape 37 is adhered to the outermost peripheral portion to form a wound body that is a precursor of the wound electrode body 30.
  • the wound body is sandwiched between the exterior members 40, and the outer peripheral edge except for one side is heat-sealed to form a bag shape, which is then stored inside the exterior member 40.
  • the opening of the exterior member 40 is heat-sealed in a vacuum atmosphere and sealed. As a result, the intended non-electrolyte secondary battery is obtained.
  • FIG. 5A is an external view of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery in which the laminated electrode body 70 is accommodated.
  • FIG. 5B is an exploded perspective view showing a state in which the laminated electrode body 70 is accommodated in the exterior member 60.
  • FIG. 5C is an external view showing the external appearance of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery shown in FIG. 5A from the bottom surface side.
  • the laminated electrode body 70 uses a laminated electrode body 70 in which a rectangular positive electrode 73 and a rectangular negative electrode 74 are laminated via a rectangular separator 75 and fixed by a fixing member 76.
  • the electrolyte layer is provided in contact with the positive electrode 73 and the negative electrode 74.
  • an electrolyte layer (not shown) is provided between the positive electrode 73 and the separator 75 and between the negative electrode 74 and the separator 75. This electrolyte layer is the same as the electrolyte 36 described above.
  • a positive electrode lead 71 connected to the positive electrode 73 and a negative electrode lead 72 connected to the negative electrode 74 are led out from the laminated electrode body 70, and the positive electrode lead 71, the negative electrode lead 72, and the exterior member 60 are in close contact with each other.
  • a film 61 is provided.
  • the manufacturing method of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery produces a laminated electrode body in place of the wound electrode body 30, and a laminated body in place of the wound body (with an electrolyte layer omitted from the laminated electrode body 70). Is the same as the manufacturing method of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the example of the second embodiment and the modified example 1 except that is manufactured.
  • This battery pack is a simple battery pack (also referred to as a soft pack).
  • a simple battery pack is built in an electronic device such as a smartphone, and a battery cell, a protection circuit, etc. are fixed with an insulating tape or the like, and a part of the battery cell is exposed. An output of a connector or the like connected to is provided.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration example of a simplified battery pack.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic perspective view showing an external appearance of a simple battery pack, and
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic perspective view showing an external appearance of the simple battery pack.
  • the simplified battery pack includes a battery cell 101, leads 102a and 102b derived from the battery cell 101, insulating tapes 103a to 103c, an insulating plate 104, A circuit board 105 on which a protection circuit (PCM (Protection Circuit Module)) is formed and a connector 106 are provided.
  • the battery cell 101 is the same as the battery according to the second embodiment, for example.
  • the insulating plate 104 and the circuit board 105 are disposed on the terrace portion 101 a at the front end of the battery cell 101, and the leads 102 a and the leads 102 b led out from the battery cell 101 are connected to the circuit board 105.
  • a connector 106 for output is connected to the circuit board 105.
  • Members such as the battery cell 101, the insulating plate 104, and the circuit board 105 are fixed by applying insulating tapes 103a to 103c to predetermined positions.
  • FIG. 8 shows a circuit configuration example when at least one of the battery according to the first embodiment of the present technology (hereinafter appropriately referred to as a secondary battery) and the battery according to the second embodiment is applied to a battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes a switch unit 304 including an assembled battery 301, an exterior, a charge control switch 302a, and a discharge control switch 303a, a current detection resistor 307, a temperature detection element 308, and a control unit 310.
  • the battery pack also includes a positive electrode terminal 321 and a negative electrode terminal 322.
  • the positive electrode terminal 321 and the negative electrode terminal 322 are connected to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the charger, respectively, and charging is performed. Further, when the electronic device is used, the positive electrode terminal 321 and the negative electrode terminal 322 are connected to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the electronic device, respectively, and discharge is performed.
  • the assembled battery 301 is formed by connecting a plurality of secondary batteries 301a in series and / or in parallel.
  • the secondary battery 301a is a secondary battery of the present technology.
  • FIG. 8 the case where six secondary batteries 301a are connected in two parallel three series (2P3S) is shown as an example, but in addition, n parallel m series (n and m are integers) Any connection method may be used.
  • the switch unit 304 includes a charge control switch 302a and a diode 302b, and a discharge control switch 303a and a diode 303b, and is controlled by the control unit 310.
  • the diode 302b has a reverse polarity with respect to the charging current flowing from the positive terminal 321 in the direction of the assembled battery 301 and the forward polarity with respect to the discharging current flowing from the negative terminal 322 in the direction of the assembled battery 301.
  • the diode 303b has a forward polarity with respect to the charging current and a reverse polarity with respect to the discharging current.
  • the switch unit 304 is provided on the + side, but may be provided on the-side.
  • the charge control switch 302a is turned off when the battery voltage becomes the overcharge detection voltage, and is controlled by the charge / discharge control unit so that the charge current does not flow in the current path of the assembled battery 301. After the charging control switch 302a is turned off, only discharging is possible via the diode 302b. Further, it is turned off when a large current flows during charging, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so that the charging current flowing in the current path of the assembled battery 301 is cut off.
  • the discharge control switch 303 a is turned off when the battery voltage becomes the overdischarge detection voltage, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so that the discharge current does not flow in the current path of the assembled battery 301. After the discharge control switch 303a is turned off, only charging is possible via the diode 303b. Further, it is turned off when a large current flows during discharging, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so as to cut off the discharging current flowing in the current path of the assembled battery 301.
  • the temperature detection element 308 is, for example, a thermistor, is provided in the vicinity of the assembled battery 301, measures the temperature of the assembled battery 301, and supplies the measured temperature to the control unit 310.
  • the voltage detection unit 311 measures the voltage of the assembled battery 301 and each secondary battery 301a constituting the assembled battery 301, performs A / D conversion on the measured voltage, and supplies it to the control unit 310.
  • the current measurement unit 313 measures the current using the current detection resistor 307 and supplies this measurement current to the control unit 310.
  • the switch control unit 314 controls the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a of the switch unit 304 based on the voltage and current input from the voltage detection unit 311 and the current measurement unit 313.
  • the switch control unit 314 sends a control signal to the switch unit 304 when any voltage of the secondary battery 301a falls below the overcharge detection voltage or overdischarge detection voltage, or when a large current flows suddenly. By sending, overcharge, overdischarge, and overcurrent charge / discharge are prevented.
  • the overcharge detection voltage is determined to be 4.20 V ⁇ 0.05 V, for example, and the overdischarge detection voltage is determined to be 2.4 V ⁇ 0.1 V, for example. .
  • the charge / discharge switch for example, a semiconductor switch such as a MOSFET can be used.
  • the parasitic diode of the MOSFET functions as the diodes 302b and 303b.
  • the switch control unit 314 supplies control signals DO and CO to the gates of the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a, respectively.
  • the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a are P-channel type, they are turned on by a gate potential that is lower than the source potential by a predetermined value or more. That is, in normal charging and discharging operations, the control signals CO and DO are set to the low level, and the charging control switch 302a and the discharging control switch 303a are turned on.
  • control signals CO and DO are set to the high level, and the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a are turned off.
  • the memory 317 includes a RAM and a ROM, and includes, for example, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) that is a nonvolatile memory.
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
  • the numerical value calculated by the control unit 310, the internal resistance value of the battery in the initial state of each secondary battery 301a measured in the manufacturing process, and the like are stored in advance, and can be appropriately rewritten. . (Also, by storing the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 301a, for example, the remaining capacity can be calculated together with the control unit 310.
  • the temperature detection unit 318 measures the temperature using the temperature detection element 308, performs charge / discharge control at the time of abnormal heat generation, and performs correction in the calculation of the remaining capacity.
  • Examples of electronic devices include notebook computers, PDAs (personal digital assistants), mobile phones, cordless phones, video movies, digital still cameras, electronic books, electronic dictionaries, music players, radios, headphones, game consoles, navigation systems, Memory card, pacemaker, hearing aid, electric tool, electric shaver, refrigerator, air conditioner, TV, stereo, water heater, microwave oven, dishwasher, washing machine, dryer, lighting equipment, toys, medical equipment, robots, road conditioners, traffic lights Etc.
  • examples of the electric vehicle include a railway vehicle, a golf cart, an electric cart, an electric vehicle (including a hybrid vehicle), and the like, and these are used as a driving power source or an auxiliary power source.
  • Examples of power storage devices include power storage power supplies for buildings such as houses or power generation facilities.
  • the first power storage system is a power storage system in which a power storage device is charged by a power generation device that generates power from renewable energy.
  • the second power storage system is a power storage system that includes a power storage device and supplies power to an electronic device connected to the power storage device.
  • the third power storage system is an electronic device that receives power supply from the power storage device.
  • the fourth power storage system includes an electric vehicle having a conversion device that receives power supplied from the power storage device and converts the power into a driving force of the vehicle, and a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the power storage device. It is.
  • the fifth power storage system is a power system that includes a power information transmission / reception unit that transmits / receives signals to / from other devices via a network, and performs charge / discharge control of the power storage device described above based on information received by the transmission / reception unit.
  • the sixth power storage system is a power system that receives power from the power storage device described above or supplies power from the power generation device or the power network to the power storage device.
  • the power storage system will be described.
  • a power storage device using a battery of the present technology is applied to a power storage system for a house
  • a power storage system 400 for a house 401 power is stored from a centralized power system 402 such as a thermal power generation 402a, a nuclear power generation 402b, and a hydroelectric power generation 402c through a power network 409, an information network 412, a smart meter 407, a power hub 408, and the like.
  • a power network 409 an information network 412, a smart meter 407, a power hub 408, and the like.
  • power is supplied to the power storage device 403 from an independent power source such as the power generation device 404 in the home.
  • the electric power supplied to the power storage device 403 is stored. Electric power used in the house 401 is supplied using the power storage device 403.
  • the same power storage system can be used not only for the house 401 but also for buildings.
  • the house 401 is provided with a power generation device 404, a power consumption device 405, a power storage device 403, a control device 410 that controls each device, a smart meter 407, and a sensor 411 that acquires various types of information.
  • Each device is connected by a power network 409 and an information network 412.
  • a solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like is used as the power generation device 404, and the generated power is supplied to the power consumption device 405 and / or the power storage device 403.
  • the power consuming device 405 is a refrigerator 405a, an air conditioner 405b that is an air conditioner, a television 405c that is a television receiver, a bath 405d (bus), and the like.
  • the electric power consumption device 405 includes an electric vehicle 406.
  • the electric vehicle 406 is an electric vehicle 406a, a hybrid car 406b, and an electric motorcycle 406c.
  • the battery of the present technology is applied to the power storage device 403.
  • the battery of the present technology may be configured by, for example, the above-described lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the smart meter 407 has a function of measuring the usage amount of commercial power and transmitting the measured usage amount to an electric power company.
  • the power network 409 may be any one or a combination of DC power supply, AC power supply, and non-contact power supply.
  • the various sensors 411 are, for example, human sensors, illuminance sensors, object detection sensors, power consumption sensors, vibration sensors, contact sensors, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, and the like. Information acquired by various sensors 411 is transmitted to the control device 410. Based on the information from the sensor 411, the weather condition, the condition of the person, and the like can be grasped, and the power consumption device 405 can be automatically controlled to minimize the energy consumption. Furthermore, the control apparatus 410 can transmit the information regarding the house 401 to an external electric power company etc. via the internet.
  • the power hub 408 performs processing such as branching of power lines and DC / AC conversion.
  • Communication methods of the information network 412 connected to the control device 410 include a method using a communication interface such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transceiver), wireless communication such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, etc.
  • a communication interface such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transceiver), wireless communication such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, etc.
  • Bluetooth method is applied to multimedia communication and can perform one-to-many connection communication.
  • ZigBee uses the physical layer of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Electronics) (802.15.4).
  • IEEE 802.15.4 is a name for a short-range wireless network standard called PAN (Personal Area Network) or W (Wireless) PAN.
  • the control device 410 is connected to an external server 413.
  • the server 413 may be managed by any one of the house 401, the power company, and the service provider.
  • the information transmitted and received by the server 413 is, for example, information related to power consumption information, life pattern information, power charges, weather information, natural disaster information, and power transactions. These pieces of information may be transmitted / received from a power consuming device (for example, a television receiver) in the home, or may be transmitted / received from a device outside the home (for example, a mobile phone). Such information may be displayed on a device having a display function, for example, a television receiver, a mobile phone, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) or the like.
  • the control device 410 that controls each unit includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and is stored in the power storage device 403 in this example.
  • the control device 410 is connected to the power storage device 403, the domestic power generation device 404, the power consumption device 405, various sensors 411, the server 413 and the information network 412, and adjusts, for example, the amount of commercial power used and the amount of power generation It has a function to do. In addition, you may provide the function etc. which carry out an electric power transaction in an electric power market.
  • the power generation device 404 (solar power generation, wind power generation) in the home is used as the power storage device 403. Can be stored. Therefore, even if the generated power of the power generation device 404 in the home fluctuates, it is possible to perform control such that the amount of power transmitted to the outside is constant or discharge is performed as necessary. For example, the power obtained by solar power generation is stored in the power storage device 403, and the nighttime power at a low charge is stored in the power storage device 403 at night, and the power stored by the power storage device 403 is discharged during a high daytime charge. You can also use it.
  • control device 410 is stored in the power storage device 403 .
  • control device 410 may be stored in the smart meter 407 or may be configured independently.
  • the power storage system 400 may be used for a plurality of homes in an apartment house, or may be used for a plurality of detached houses.
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows an example of the configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present technology is applied.
  • a series hybrid system is a vehicle that runs on an electric power driving force conversion device using electric power generated by a generator driven by an engine or electric power that is temporarily stored in a battery.
  • the hybrid vehicle 500 includes an engine 501, a generator 502, a power driving force conversion device 503, driving wheels 504 a, driving wheels 504 b, wheels 505 a, wheels 505 b, a battery 508, a vehicle control device 509, various sensors 510, and a charging port 511. Is installed.
  • the battery of the present technology described above is applied to the battery 508.
  • Hybrid vehicle 500 travels using power driving force conversion device 503 as a power source.
  • An example of the power / driving force conversion device 503 is a motor.
  • the electric power / driving force converter 503 is operated by the electric power of the battery 508, and the rotational force of the electric power / driving force converter 503 is transmitted to the driving wheels 504a and 504b.
  • DC-AC DC-AC
  • AC-DC conversion AC-DC conversion
  • the power driving force conversion device 503 can be applied to either an AC motor or a DC motor.
  • the various sensors 510 control the engine speed through the vehicle control device 509 and control the opening (throttle opening) of a throttle valve (not shown).
  • Various sensors 510 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an engine speed sensor, and the like.
  • the rotational force of the engine 501 is transmitted to the generator 502, and the electric power generated by the generator 502 by the rotational force can be stored in the battery 508.
  • the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied as a rotational force to the electric power driving force conversion device 503, and the regenerative electric power generated by the electric power driving force conversion device 503 by this rotational force becomes the battery 508. Accumulated in.
  • the battery 508 is connected to an external power source of the hybrid vehicle 500, so that it can receive power from the external power source using the charging port 511 as an input port and store the received power.
  • an information processing device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the secondary battery may be provided.
  • an information processing apparatus for example, there is an information processing apparatus that displays a battery remaining amount based on information on the remaining amount of the battery.
  • the present technology is also effective for a parallel hybrid vehicle in which the engine and motor outputs are both driving sources, and the system is switched between the three modes of driving with only the engine, driving with the motor, and engine and motor. Applicable. Furthermore, the present technology can be effectively applied to a so-called electric vehicle that travels only by a drive motor without using an engine.
  • Example 1-1 (Preparation of negative electrode) First, the coating material A applied to the first main surface of the negative electrode current collector (copper foil) having the first main surface which is one main surface and the second main surface which is the other main surface, is applied to the second main surface. Paint B was prepared.
  • the coating A is applied to the first main surface which is one main surface of the copper foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m) as the negative electrode current collector and dried, and the coating B is applied to the second main surface which is the other main surface of the copper foil. And dried. Then, the negative electrode was produced by press molding so that it might become predetermined thickness.
  • the negative electrode utilization rate on the first main surface side is 60% and the negative electrode utilization rate on the second main surface side is 90% with respect to the positive electrode capacities facing each other. It adjusted to area density so that it might become.
  • a coating material obtained by kneading and dispersing 95% by mass of LiCoO 2 (lithium cobaltate), 2.5% by mass of PVdF, and 2.5% by mass of carbon black with NMP as a positive electrode active material is applied to a 12 ⁇ m aluminum current collector foil. It was produced by drying. In addition, the positive electrode was produced by press molding so that it might become a predetermined volume density.
  • a current collector electrode tab was ultrasonically welded to each electrode, and a polyethylene separator having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and wound to produce a battery element. This is put into an aluminum laminate sheet embossed so that the battery element can be stored, and the above-mentioned electrolytic solution containing EC, PC, DMC as a main solvent is injected and vacuum-sealed. A type battery was prepared.
  • PVdF was used in place of PAI as the binder for paint A. That is, 80% by mass of pure silicon, 10% by mass of carbon black as a conductive agent, and 10% by mass of PVdF (polyvinylidene fluoride) as a binder are kneaded and dispersed using NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone). Paint A was prepared. Except for the above, a laminated film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • Example 1-3 As a negative electrode active material of the paint B, natural graphite was used instead of MCMB. That is, 91% by mass of natural graphite as a negative electrode active material, 3% by mass of carbon black as a conductive agent, and 6% by mass of PVdF (polyvinylidene fluoride) as a binder were kneaded and dispersed using NMP to prepare paint B. . Except for the above, a laminated film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • Example 1-4 As paint A, paint A similar to Example 1-2 was produced. As paint B, paint B similar to that in Example 1-3 was produced. Except for the above, a laminate film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • Example 1-5 As a negative electrode active material of the coating material A, alloy Si was used instead of pure silicon. PVdF was used in place of PAI as the binder for paint A. That is, 90% by mass of alloy Si as a negative electrode active material, 5% by mass of carbon black as a conductive agent, and 5% by mass of PAI (polyamideimide) as a binder are kneaded using NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone). Dispersed to prepare paint A. Except for the above, a laminated film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • a paint was applied to each of the first main surface, which is one main surface of a copper foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m) as a negative electrode current collector, and the second main surface, which was the other main surface, and dried. Then, the negative electrode was produced by press molding so that it might become predetermined thickness. In applying the coating material, the area density was adjusted such that the negative electrode utilization rate was 60% on the first main surface side and 90% on the second main surface side with respect to the positive electrode capacities facing each other. Except for the above, a laminated film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • MCMB negative electrode active material
  • carbon black carbon black
  • PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Battery evaluation The produced battery was evaluated for the battery described below.
  • the charging / discharging conditions in battery evaluation are as follows.
  • Example 1-1 Charge / discharge test was conducted on Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-1, and the discharge curves were examined and evaluated.
  • FIG. 11 shows the discharge curves for Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-1.
  • the discharge potential is a curve in which the capacity derived from silicon in the second half (high DOD) side and the capacity derived from the first half carbon-based active material are separated.
  • the discharge curves were mixed, and a curve shape was obtained in which the silicon capacity was obtained on the low DOD side and the carbon capacity was obtained on the high DOD side. That is, as in Comparative Example 1-1, when a negative electrode in which silicon and a carbon material are simply mixed is used, the discharge curve is separated for each material (having a bump).
  • Example 1-1 a negative electrode active material layer containing silicon is formed on the first main surface of the negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer containing a carbon material is formed on the second main surface.
  • the discharge curve became uniform. The other surface was pulled by potential fluctuations during discharge of each material, and the charge / discharge behavior as a hybrid potential was realized.
  • volume energy density A charge / discharge test is performed on each battery produced, and the volume energy density is obtained by dividing the amount of power obtained from the discharge capacity (mAh) at the first cycle and the average discharge voltage (V) at that time by the battery volume (liter). It was.
  • Example 2-1> (Preparation of negative electrode) First, the coating material A applied to the first main surface of the negative electrode current collector (copper foil) having the first main surface and the second main surface and the coating material B applied to the second main surface were prepared.
  • the coating A is applied to the first main surface which is one main surface of the copper foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m) as the negative electrode current collector and dried, and the coating B is applied to the second main surface which is the other main surface of the copper foil. And dried. Then, the negative electrode was produced by press molding so that it might become predetermined thickness.
  • the negative electrode utilization factor on the first main surface side is 40% and the negative electrode utilization factor on the second main surface side is 95% with respect to the positive electrode capacities facing each other.
  • the area density was adjusted to be Except for the above, a laminated film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • Example 2-3 In the production of the negative electrode, the negative electrode utilization rate on the first main surface side becomes 80% with respect to the positive electrode capacity in which the coating material A is opposed to the first main surface and the coating material B is opposed to the second main surface.
  • the negative electrode utilization ratio was applied and dried at an area density of 95%. Except for the above, a laminate film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
  • Example 2-4 In producing the negative electrode, natural graphite was used as the negative electrode active material of the coating material B instead of MCMB. That is, 91% by mass of natural graphite as a negative electrode active material, 3% by mass of carbon black as a conductive agent, and 6% by mass of PVdF (polyvinylidene fluoride) as a binder were kneaded and dispersed using NMP to prepare paint B. .
  • the negative electrode utilization rate on the first main surface side becomes 50% with respect to the positive electrode capacity in which the paint A is opposed to the first main surface and the paint B is opposed to the second main surface.
  • the negative electrode utilization ratio was applied and dried at an area density of 95%. Except for the above, a laminate film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
  • Example 2-5 As a negative electrode active material of the coating material A, alloy Si was used instead of pure silicon. That is, NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) was used as a negative electrode active material with 90% by mass of alloy Si, 5% by mass of carbon black as a conductive agent, and 5% by mass of PVdF (polyvinylidene fluoride) as a binder.
  • a paint A was prepared by kneading and dispersing. In the production of the negative electrode, the negative electrode utilization rate on the first main surface side becomes 75% with respect to the positive electrode capacity in which the paint A is opposed to the first main surface and the paint B is opposed to the second main surface. The negative electrode utilization ratio was applied and dried at an area density of 95%. Except for the above, a laminated film type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • the present technology can be applied to a battery having another battery structure such as a square, coin, flat, or button battery.
  • the first negative electrode active material includes a non-carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium and having at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as a constituent element,
  • the battery in which the second negative electrode active material includes a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
  • the battery according to [1], wherein the non-carbon material is a silicon-containing material containing at least silicon as a constituent element.
  • the silicon-containing material is a simple substance of silicon, an alloy of silicon, or a compound of silicon.
  • the negative electrode utilization rate of the negative electrode on the first negative electrode active material layer side is 40% or more and 80% or less.
  • the first negative electrode active material layer further includes a first binder, The battery according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the second negative electrode active material layer further includes a second binder different from the first binder.
  • a positive electrode; A negative electrode, With electrolyte, The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector having one main surface and another main surface; A first negative electrode active material layer formed on one main surface of the negative electrode current collector and containing a first negative electrode active material; A second negative electrode active material layer formed on the other main surface of the negative electrode current collector and containing a second negative electrode active material;
  • the first negative electrode active material includes a non-carbon material whose capacity per unit weight (mAh / g) is three times or more than the capacity per unit weight (mAh / g) of the second negative electrode active material.
  • the battery in which the second negative electrode active material includes a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
  • a negative electrode current collector having one main surface and another main surface; A first negative electrode active material layer formed on one main surface of the negative electrode current collector and containing a first negative electrode active material; A second negative electrode active material layer formed on the other main surface of the negative electrode current collector and containing a second negative electrode active material;
  • the first negative electrode active material includes a non-carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium and having at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as a constituent element,
  • the second negative electrode active material is a negative electrode including a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
  • An electronic device comprising the battery according to any one of [9] and receiving power supply from the battery.
  • a conversion device that receives supply of electric power from the battery and converts it into driving force of a vehicle;
  • An electric vehicle comprising: a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the battery.
  • a power storage device that includes the battery according to any one of [9] and supplies electric power to an electronic device connected to the battery.
  • a power information control device that transmits and receives signals to and from other devices via a network, The power storage device according to [14], wherein charge / discharge control of the battery is performed based on information received by the power information control device.
  • [16] [1] A power system that receives power from the battery according to any one of [9], or that supplies power to the battery from a power generation device or a power network.
  • Power storage system 401 ... House, 402 ... Centralized power system, 402a ... Thermal power generation, 402b ... Nuclear power generation, 402c ... Hydroelectric power generation, 403 ... Power storage device, 404 ... Power generation device, 405 ... Power consumption device, 405a ... Refrigerator, 405b ... Air conditioner, 405c ... Television, 405d ... Bus, 406 ... Electric vehicle, 406a ... Electricity Automotive, 406b ... Hybrid car, 406c ... Electric bike, 407 ... Smart meter, 408 ... Power hub, 409 ... Power network, 410 ... Control device, 411 ... Sensor, 412 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Information network, 413 ... server, 500 ...
  • hybrid vehicle 501 ... engine, 502 ... generator, 503 ... power driving force converter, 504a ... drive wheels, 504b ..Drive wheel, 505a ... wheel, 505b ... wheel, 508 ... battery, 509 ... vehicle control device, 510 ... sensor, 511 ... charge port

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une électrode négative qui comprend : un collecteur d'électrode négative ayant une surface principale et l'autre surface principale; une première couche de matériau actif d'électrode négative qui est formée sur la première surface principale du collecteur d'électrode négative et contient un premier matériau actif d'électrode négative; et une deuxième couche de matériau actif d'électrode négative qui est formée sur l'autre surface principale du collecteur d'électrode négative et contient un deuxième matériau actif d'électrode négative. Le premier matériau actif d'électrode négative contient un matériau non-carbone qui est capable d'absorber et désorber du lithium et contient, en tant qu'éléments constitutifs, au moins un élément choisi parmi des éléments métalliques et des éléments semi-métalliques. Le deuxième matériau actif d'électrode négative contient un matériau carboné qui est capable d'absorber et de désorber du lithium.
PCT/JP2015/001288 2014-04-28 2015-03-10 Batterie, électrode négative, bloc-batterie, dispositif électronique, véhicule électrique, dispositif de stockage d'électricité et système d'alimentation électrique WO2015166622A1 (fr)

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