WO2015166100A2 - Ensemble roulement à générateur intégré - Google Patents

Ensemble roulement à générateur intégré Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015166100A2
WO2015166100A2 PCT/EP2015/059622 EP2015059622W WO2015166100A2 WO 2015166100 A2 WO2015166100 A2 WO 2015166100A2 EP 2015059622 W EP2015059622 W EP 2015059622W WO 2015166100 A2 WO2015166100 A2 WO 2015166100A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing assembly
bearing
magnetic rotor
generator
assembly according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/059622
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2015166100A3 (fr
Inventor
Nicolaas DEN HAAK
Georgo Angelis
Gertjan Van Amerongen
Original Assignee
Aktiebolaget Skf
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aktiebolaget Skf filed Critical Aktiebolaget Skf
Publication of WO2015166100A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015166100A2/fr
Publication of WO2015166100A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015166100A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/004—Electro-dynamic machines, e.g. motors, generators, actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
    • H02K49/106—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with a radial air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1846—Rotary generators structurally associated with wheels or associated parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F16C23/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C23/082—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting by means of at least one substantially spherical surface
    • F16C23/086—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting by means of at least one substantially spherical surface forming a track for rolling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/37—Loose spacing bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bearing assembly comprising a rolling element bearing 5 and means for generating electrical energy from rotation of the bearing.
  • the assembly comprises a wireless self-powered sensor unit which is electrically i o powered by an integrated generator. Electric power is generated via electromechanical energy conversion using permanent magnets, an armature winding and a target wheel that is mounted to and rotates with one of the bearing rings.
  • the generator comprises a stator formed by a winding that encircles a magnetic core, whereby the target wheel is a toothed wheel.
  • the target wheel causes a change in magnetic flux in an air gap between the magnetic core and the teeth of the wheel, producing an electric current in the winding.
  • the target wheel is formed by a magnetized ring whose rotation induces an electric current in the winding of the stator.
  • the toothed wheel or magnetized ring therefore has a diameter which is governed by the diameter of the bearing ring to which it is mounted. Therefore, if the solution is to be integrated in bearings of different size, it is necessary to execute the toothed wheel or magnetized ring in a range of diameters. These components of the generator are relatively expensive. Furthermore, if the bearing has a large
  • the toothed wheel or magnetized ring will add considerably to the rotating mass, leading to higher friction losses.
  • the invention resides in a bearing assembly with integrated generator, comprising a bearing having an inner ring, an outer ring and at least one row of rolling elements arranged in a radial gap between the inner and outer rings, and further comprising a generator.
  • the generator comprises a stator and a first magnetic rotor, whereby the stator is mounted to a non-rotational part of the bearing assembly and comprises a coil with at least one winding.
  • the assembly further comprises a target ring made of an electrically conductive material, which is mounted to or is formed by a rotational part of the bearing assembly and is thus rotatable about the bearing axis of rotation.
  • the first magnetic rotor is rotationally mounted to the stator and is rotatable about a first axis of rotation, which is different from the bearing axis of rotation.
  • the first magnetic rotor comprises a plurality of magnets arranged with alternating polarities along a periphery of the first magnetic rotor, and is arranged such that magnetic field lines from the plurality of magnets intersect the target surface.
  • eddy currents are induced in the target surface, which generate oppositely polled magnetic fields.
  • a contact-free magnetic coupling is thus formed between the rotating target ring and the first magnetic rotor, which causes the first magnetic rotor to rotate with the target ring.
  • the first magnetic rotor is mounted to a non-rotational part of the bearing and can have a diameter that is considerably smaller than the bearing mean diameter.
  • the first magnetic rotor has a diameter which is smaller than the radial gap between the inner and outer bearing rings and is arranged entirely within the radial gap. The first magnetic rotor is therefore low in weight and can be implemented in bearing assemblies of various sizes.
  • the target ring of the generator is a separate part that is mounted to one of the inner ring or the outer ring, depending on which is rotational during bearing operation.
  • the separate target ring may also be mounted to a cage or a guide ring that retains or guides the at least one row of rolling elements.
  • the separate target ring has a flat target surface and is thus of straightforward construction, making it inexpensive to manufacture for a variety of bearing sizes.
  • the target ring is formed by a rotational part of the bearing assembly.
  • the target surface may thus be a surface of the rotational bearing ring or of the cage or guide ring.
  • the target ring or cage/guide ring is preferably made of a paramagnetic material such as aluminium or copper.
  • a paramagnetic material such as aluminium or copper.
  • the advantage of a paramagnetic material is that the low electrical resistance optimises the generation of eddy currents.
  • the target surface is a surface of a bearing ring
  • the target ring is made of bearing steel. This is a magnetically conductive material and has a higher resistivity than e.g. aluminium, meaning that relatively lower eddy currents are generated, leading to a relatively weaker magnetic coupling.
  • the potential generating power is therefore relatively less, due to the lower rotational speed of the first magnetic rotor, but may nevertheless be sufficient to power a low energy consumer such as a temperature sensor.
  • bearing steel magnetically attracts the magnets of the first magnetic rotor. Even when the target ring is a separate part made of paramagnetic material, which is magnetically non-conductive, it is likely that the underlying bearing steel will still exert a magnetic attraction. In effect, the attraction force will increase the radial load on a bearing or bearings that rotationally support the first magnetic rotor, leading to an increase in friction.
  • the stator comprises a ferromagnetic body, which is arranged opposite from the target surface, such that the first magnetic rotor lies between the laminated body and the target surface.
  • the ferromagnetic body is configured to exert an attraction force on the first magnetic rotor which cancels out the attraction force exerted by the steel of or close to the target surface.
  • the ferromagnetic body has a laminated structure, to suppress the generation of eddy currents in the body and minimise eddy current losses.
  • the magnets of the first magnetic rotor are arranged radially to the first axis of rotation with regard to their North-South orientation and the magnetic rotor preferably comprises at least six magnets.
  • the generator comprises only a first magnetic rotor whose rotation induces an electrical current in the coil of the stator.
  • the generator comprises a second magnetic rotor coupled to the first, whereby rotation of the second magnetic rotor (about the first axis of rotation) induces an electrical current in the stator coil.
  • the second magnetic rotor comprises one or more magnets with a radial N-S orientation relative to the first axis of rotation.
  • the generator comprises a claw pole generator, whereby the stator comprises a yoke with a number of claws that form at least part of a circle.
  • the generator comprises a second magnetic rotor
  • the one or more magnets of the second rotor are arranged to rotate within the claws.
  • the claw pole generator comprises only a first magnetic rotor
  • the magnets of the first rotor are arranged to rotate within the claws and are partly surrounded by the claws.
  • the yoke is free of claws where the magnets face the target surface.
  • a bearing assembly according to the invention may comprise any type of rolling element bearing, such as a deep groove ball bearing or a tapered roller bearing or spherical roller bearing.
  • the bearing may comprise one or more rows of rolling elements.
  • the generator is arranged at an axial side of the rolling elements.
  • the bearing comprises two axially spaced rows of rolling elements, the generator may be arranged between the two rows.
  • the target ring may comprise a radially extending flange part.
  • An advantage of the flange part is that it may form part of a seal that encloses the radial gap between the bearing rings.
  • the target ring may additionally comprise a cylindrical part whose radial surface forms target surface, whereby the first magnetic rotor is arranged such that the first axis of rotation is parallel to the bearing axis of rotation.
  • the axially inner surface of the flange part may serve as the target surface, whereby the first magnetic rotor is arranged such that the first axis of rotation is perpendicular to the bearing axis of rotation.
  • a bearing assembly according to the invention further comprises at least on sensor which is powered by the generator.
  • the sensor may be a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, an acoustic emission sensor, a displacement sensor or any other type of sensor which is useful for monitoring the condition of the bearing or the condition of a lubricant within the bearing.
  • the sensor can be powered for the lifetime of the bearing.
  • a bearing assembly according to the invention has further advantages, which will become apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying figures.
  • Fig.1 shows a cross-section of a first example of a bearing assembly according to the invention comprising a generator with a magnetic rotor and a target ring
  • Fig. 2 shows an exploded, perspective view of the magnetic rotor and a target surface of the target ring
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a generator that may be used in a bearing assembly according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a perspective cut view of part of a second example of a bearing assembly according to the invention, comprising the generator of Fig. 3.
  • the assembly 100 comprises a deep groove ball bearing having an inner ring 1 1 0 and an outer ring 120 and a number of balls 130 arranged between an inner raceway 1 15 of the inner ring and an outer raceway 125 of the outer ring.
  • the balls 130 are retained by a cage 140.
  • the inner ring 1 10 is rotational about a bearing axis of rotation 145 and the outer ring 120 is non-rotational.
  • the bearing assembly is further equipped with a sensor 150 for measuring an operating parameter of the bearing.
  • the sensor 1 50 is a temperature sensor. In many sensorized bearing applications, the sensor or sensors are battery- powered.
  • a bearing assembly according to the invention is therefore equipped with an integrated generator 160 based on electromagnetic induction for supplying the sensor 150 with electrical energy.
  • the generator 1 60 comprises a stator having a yoke 10 with a coil, which is mounted to the outer ring.
  • the generator further comprises a magnetic rotor 20 that is rotationally supported relative to the stator and outer ring 120 by a bearing (not visible).
  • the magnetic rotor 20 is caused to rotate via a magnetic coupling with a target ring 30 that is mounted to the rotatable inner ring 1 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the magnetic rotor and a target surface of the target ring.
  • the target ring is made of aluminium in the depicted example and has a target surface 30s.
  • the magnetic rotor 20 is rotatable about an axis of rotation 20a and comprises a number of permanent magnets 22 with alternating polarities.
  • the magnets 22 have a N-S orientation in radial direction relative to the rotation axis 20a, whereby a radial periphery of the magnetic rotor 20 faces the target surface 30s and is separated by a small air gap.
  • the magnetic rotor Initially, the magnetic rotor generates a static magnetic field. Magnetic field lines 4a, 4b of the magnet 22, which is arranged closest to the target surface 30s, permeate the target ring. During rotation of the bearing inner ring, the target surface moves in direction V1 . Moving an electrical conductor through a static magnetic field generates eddy currents. Opposed eddy current fields 5a, 5b are induced in the target surface 30s, which generate their own magnetic fields 6a, 6b. The magnetic field 6a located in a front position with respect to the direction of rotation of the target ring magnetically attracts the magnet 22 while the magnetic field 6b in a rear position magnetically repels the magnet.
  • the generator 360 comprises a first magnetic rotor 20, such as shown in Figure 2, and further comprises a second magnetic rotor 320.
  • the first magnetic rotor has a plurality of magnets 22 with alternating polarities arranged around the periphery, which face a target surface (not shown).
  • the second magnetic rotor 320 is mechanically coupled to the first magnetic rotor 20 and is rotational about the axis of rotation 20a.
  • the second magnetic rotor 320 also comprises plurality of magnets 22 with alternating polarities arranged around the radial periphery.
  • the generator comprises a claw pole generator, whereby the stator has a yoke 310 with a number of claws 31 2 arranged at intervals around a circumference of the yoke.
  • the yoke further comprises a coil 315.
  • the second magnetic rotor 320 is arranged within the claws 312 of the yoke 310. Thus, it is the rotation of the second magnetic rotor 320 which induces an electric current in the coil 31 5 due to electromagnetic induction.
  • the stator further comprises a laminated ferromagnetic body 31 7, which is arranged to face a radial periphery of the first magnetic rotor 20 at a side opposite from the radial periphery that faces the target surface.
  • the first magnetic rotor 20 lies between the laminated ferromagnetic body 317 and the target surface.
  • the target surface is a radially outer surface of an aluminium ring that is mounted to the bearing inner ring.
  • the magnets 22 of the first magnetic rotor are not attracted by aluminium, the underlying bearing steel (which is a magnetic conductor) does exert an attraction force on the magnets. This attraction force will cause increased friction in the bearings that support the first and second magnetic rotors.
  • the laminated ferromagnetic body 317 is therefore to attract the magnets 22 of the first magnetic rotor 20 in an opposite direction, such that the net attraction force on the first magnetic rotor is zero.
  • the ferromagnetic body 317 has a laminated structure, to suppress the generation of eddy currents and minimise eddy current losses.
  • the bearing assembly 400 comprises a spherical roller bearing with first and second rows 431 , 432 of spherical rollers. Each row of rollers is retained by a cage (not shown) and the bearing further comprises a floating guide ring 470, provided between the two roller sets at a radially outer side of the cages. The purpose of the guide ring is to ensure that unloaded rollers enter the bearing loaded zone in an optimal position.
  • the generator 360 is integrated in an outer ring 420 of the bearing.
  • the outer ring 420 has a lubrication groove 427 and typically has three oil holes (not shown) for enabling lubricant to be supplied to the bearing cavity. A further opening is provided in the groove 427, in which opening the generator 360 is mounted.
  • the generator is arranged such that a radially outer surface of the first magnetic rotor 20 faces a radially outer surface of the guide ring 470, with a small air gap.
  • the guide ring is made of paramagnetic material and the radially outer surface of the guide ring serves as the target surface in which opposed eddy current fields are generated when the guide ring rotates in the magnetic field from the magnetic rotor 20.
  • a target ring is mounted to one of the bearing cages or a surface of the bearing cage serves as the target surface.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble roulement à générateur intégré comprenant un roulement présentant une bague interne, une bague externe (420) et au moins une rangée d'éléments roulants (431, 432) agencés dans un espace radial entre les bagues interne et externe et comprenant en outre un générateur. Le générateur (360) comprend un stator et un premier rotor magnétique (20), le stator étant monté sur une partie non rotative de l'ensemble roulement et comprenant une bobine présentant au moins un enroulement. Selon l'invention, l'ensemble comprend en outre une bague cible (470) composée d'un matériau électroconducteur, qui est montée sur ou est formée par une partie rotative de l'ensemble roulement et est, de ce fait, rotative autour de l'axe de rotation du roulement. En outre, le premier rotor magnétique est monté de façon rotative sur le stator et est rotatif autour d'un premier axe de rotation, qui est différent de l'axe de rotation du roulement. Le premier rotor magnétique comprend une pluralité d'aimants agencés avec des polarités alternées le long d'une périphérie du premier rotor magnétique, ladite périphérie pouvant faire face à une surface cible de la bague cible. Lorsque la bague cible tourne, des courants de Foucault sont induits dans la surface cible, qui génèrent des champs magnétiques à polarités alternées. Un couplage magnétique sans contact est ainsi formé entre la bague cible rotative (470) et le premier rotor magnétique (20), qui amène le premier rotor magnétique à tourner avec la bague cible.
PCT/EP2015/059622 2014-05-02 2015-05-01 Ensemble roulement à générateur intégré WO2015166100A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EPPCT/EP2014/059015 2014-05-02
EP2014059015 2014-05-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015166100A2 true WO2015166100A2 (fr) 2015-11-05
WO2015166100A3 WO2015166100A3 (fr) 2016-01-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2015/059622 WO2015166100A2 (fr) 2014-05-02 2015-05-01 Ensemble roulement à générateur intégré

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Country Link
WO (1) WO2015166100A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3043083A1 (fr) * 2014-10-29 2016-07-13 Aktiebolaget SKF Ensemble de roulement avec génératrice intégrée

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1292831A2 (fr) 2000-06-23 2003-03-19 The Timken Company Roulement a unite de detection automotrice sans fil

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JP2003269474A (ja) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-25 Ntn Corp 発電機能付軸受
GB2479926B (en) * 2010-04-30 2016-05-11 Atherton Nigel Electricity generator
DE102011075547B4 (de) * 2011-05-10 2016-06-09 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Wälzlager, insbesondere zweireihiges Wälzlager, mit einer Energieerzeugungseinheit, insbesondere zur Lagerung einer Walze
DE202011107096U1 (de) * 2011-07-01 2012-10-04 Dirk Strothmann Vorrichtung zur berührungslosen Drehmomentübertragung
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EP1292831A2 (fr) 2000-06-23 2003-03-19 The Timken Company Roulement a unite de detection automotrice sans fil

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3043083A1 (fr) * 2014-10-29 2016-07-13 Aktiebolaget SKF Ensemble de roulement avec génératrice intégrée

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