WO2015149388A1 - 一种磁纳米温度成像方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种磁纳米温度成像方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2015149388A1
WO2015149388A1 PCT/CN2014/075302 CN2014075302W WO2015149388A1 WO 2015149388 A1 WO2015149388 A1 WO 2015149388A1 CN 2014075302 W CN2014075302 W CN 2014075302W WO 2015149388 A1 WO2015149388 A1 WO 2015149388A1
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magnetic field
magnetic
temperature
amplitude
harmonic
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French (fr)
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刘文中
皮仕强
毛文平
钟景
何乐
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7271Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
    • A61B5/7278Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesizing signals from measured signals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
    • A61B5/0515Magnetic particle imaging
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/36Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using magnetic elements, e.g. magnets, coils
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/12Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
    • G01R33/1276Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids of magnetic particles, e.g. imaging of magnetic nanoparticles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of nanometer testing technology, in particular to a magnetic nanotemperature imaging method, and more particularly to a one-dimensional in vivo temperature imaging method based on paramagnetic characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles. ⁇ Background technique ⁇
  • Imaging at in vivo temperature refers to temperature imaging of tissue within a complete and surviving individual.
  • body temperature measurement methods are classified into intrusive measurements and non-invasive measurements.
  • the invasive temperature measurement method is simple, and it is convenient to monitor the temperature of the lesion directly and in real time with high precision.
  • the traumaticity is large, the needle is easy to cause the transfer of the diseased cells, and the radiation field of the heating source directly causes the measurement accuracy to decrease with the probe.
  • the measured temperature data is the point temperature, not the temperature field distribution of the entire lesion.
  • Non-invasive temperature measurements can effectively prevent wound infection or cancer cell spread, and provide high-precision real-time imaging of the body temperature field. Because of these advantages, this method has broad application potential in the biomedical field.
  • Non-invasive temperature measurement mainly includes infrared temperature measurement, ultrasonic temperature measurement, nuclear magnetic resonance temperature measurement and magnetic nanometer remote temperature measurement.
  • Infrared temperature measurement is based on the infrared radiation intensity of the measured object to determine its temperature. It is used to measure the surface temperature of objects with different temperatures. It can not measure the temperature field in the deep tissue, and is easily affected by the emissivity and aerosol of the object.
  • the key to ultrasonic temperature measurement is the accurate measurement of ultrasonic propagation time, but the acoustic characteristics and temperature characteristics of various tissues must be measured in advance, and the temperature characteristics of each tissue are greatly different and the instability has a great influence on temperature measurement. .
  • NMR temperature measurement is that it is expensive, is not conducive to universal application, and has limited spatial resolution and temperature resolution.
  • Non-invasive temperature field imaging using magnetic nanoparticles can overcome the above disadvantages. This method achieves imaging at body temperature and allows real-time monitoring of the tumor hyperthermia process for effective adjustment in a timely manner.
  • the current non-invasive in-vivo temperature measurement method based on magnetic nanoparticles can only achieve the measurement of the point temperature, and the temperature field distribution map at the depth of the tissue cannot be obtained, and the temperature measurement accuracy is affected by the magnetic field.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an in-vivo temperature imaging method based on the paramagnetic characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles, aiming at accurately detecting one-dimensional in-vivo temperature without knowing the concentration distribution of magnetic nanoparticles. field.
  • a magnetic nano temperature imaging method includes the following steps:
  • variable representing the DC gradient magnetic field A) relative to the starting position of the one-dimensional space to be tested, is the width of the DC gradient magnetic field, and again collecting the AC magnetization signal of the magnetic nano-reagent in the space to be measured, and obtaining the odd-numbered times of the AC magnetization signal Harmonic amplitude B, . . . ⁇ 2 ” — ⁇ ;
  • N is the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles
  • M s is the effective magnetic moment of the magnetic nano sample
  • k Q is the Boltzmann constant
  • the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles is described by the Langevin function.
  • O ⁇ f 2 Jl (, ( A)) is a finite term Wan Taylor series expansion function Langevin first harmonic magnitude of expression obtained for [ ⁇ + ⁇ ] k-th discrete points in the interval A corresponds to the size of the DC magnetic field,
  • the moving DC magnetic field generating means changes the starting position of the DC gradient magnetic field with respect to the one-dimensional space to be tested or changes the position of the DC gradient magnetic field with respect to the one-dimensional space to be tested by changing the current of the exciting coil.
  • the steps (2) and (3) use the digital phase sensitive detection method or the least squares system parameter identification method to detect the odd harmonic amplitudes of the magnetic nanoparticle AC magnetization signals.
  • a magnetic nano temperature imaging system comprising:
  • a combined DC magnetic field generating device for applying a combined straight line to a one-dimensional space in which the magnetic nano-reagent is located.
  • the magnetic field ⁇ ' Ax where , indicates position change ⁇ indicates DC
  • the starting position of the gradient magnetic field W relative to the one-dimensional space to be measured is the width of the DC gradient magnetic field W;
  • An alternating excitation magnetic field generating device for applying an alternating excitation magnetic field to a one-dimensional space in which the magnetic nano-reagent is located;
  • a magnetization intensity collecting device configured to collect an AC magnetization signal of the magnetic nano-reagent in the space to be tested
  • 2J .- Applying a combined DC magnetic field at the same time And processing the AC magnetization signal collected during the excitation of the magnetic field to obtain the odd-order harmonic amplitudes of the AC magnetization signal, and calculating the difference between the amplitudes of the odd-order harmonics ⁇ ... - i; Harmonic amplitude difference and body temperature relationship
  • O ⁇ f 2j (4)) is a finite term Wan Taylor series expansion function Langevin first harmonic magnitude of expression obtained for [[alpha], a DC magnetic field of the magnitude k discrete points within the interval corresponding to [alpha] , m is the number of points in which [ ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ interval is discretized, and the number of harmonics J > 2.
  • the invention firstly applies a constant DC magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field to the region where the magnetic nanoparticle sample is located, collects the alternating magnetization intensity signal of the magnetic nano particle, and detects the amplitude of each harmonic in the alternating current magnetization signal; then, the magnetic nanometer Simultaneously applying a combined DC magnetic field and an AC magnetic field in the region where the particle sample is located, collecting the AC magnetization signal of the magnetic nanoparticles, and detecting the amplitude of each harmonic in the AC magnetization signal; and then, using the second detection each time
  • the odd amplitude harmonic amplitude in the harmonic amplitude minus the odd harmonic amplitude in each of the first detected harmonic amplitudes results in a harmonic amplitude difference.
  • the difference of the odd-order harmonic amplitudes in the entire area to be tested only contains the signal of the magnetic nanoparticles in the Ax region at the position, that is, the temperature of the magnetic nanoparticles only in the Ax region. It is related to concentration. Therefore, the concentration distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in the entire one-dimensional area to be tested does not affect the temperature solution, and only the concentration distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles in the range affects the temperature solution accuracy. Since ⁇ is small, the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in ⁇ can be regarded as a constant.
  • the invention can accurately and quickly obtain the one-dimensional spatial temperature field without knowing the concentration of the magnetic nanoparticles, and is particularly suitable for the temperature imaging of the thermal motion of the biomolecule layer.
  • the test shows that the measurement error is smaller than that in the noise environment with a signal-to-noise ratio of 80 dB. 0.79K.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of simultaneous application of a constant DC magnetic field and an AC excitation magnetic field
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of simultaneous application of a combined DC magnetic field and an AC excitation magnetic field
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the changes of the primary, secondary and tertiary harmonics with the DC magnetic field
  • Figure 6 shows the total magnetic field H.
  • Figure 7 shows the simulation results of the harmonic amplitude measured by the DPSD algorithm when the excitation frequency is 160 Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 90 dB, and the temperature test range is 308 K to 318 K.
  • Figure 7 (a) shows the one-dimensional temperature imaging, Figure 7 (b) ) for temperature imaging errors;
  • Figure 8 shows the simulation results of the harmonic amplitude measured by the DPSD algorithm when the excitation frequency is 160 Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 80 dB, and the temperature test range is 308 K to 318 K.
  • Figure 8 (a) shows the one-dimensional temperature imaging, Figure 8 (b) ) for temperature imaging errors;
  • Figure 9 shows the simulation results of the harmonic amplitude measured by the DPSD algorithm when the excitation frequency is 160 Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 90 dB, and the temperature test range is 300 K to 310 K.
  • Figure 9 (a) shows the one-dimensional temperature imaging, Figure 9 (b) ) for temperature imaging errors;
  • Figure 10 shows the simulation results of the harmonic amplitude measured by the DPSD algorithm when the excitation frequency is 160 Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 80 dB, and the temperature test range is 300 K to 310 K.
  • Figure 10 (a) shows the one-dimensional temperature imaging, Figure 10 (b) ) for temperature imaging errors;
  • Figure 11 shows the simulation results of the harmonic amplitude measured by the DPSD algorithm when the excitation frequency is 160 Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 80 dB, and the magnetic field strength is 2%.
  • Figure 11 (a) is a simulation result.
  • Dimensional temperature imaging, Figure 11 (b) is the temperature imaging error;
  • Figure 12 shows the simulation results of the harmonic amplitude measured by the DPSD algorithm when the excitation frequency is 160 Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 80 dB, and the magnetic nanoparticle concentration distribution has a deviation of 10%.
  • Figure 12 (a) ) is a one-dimensional temperature field imaging
  • Figure 12 (b) is the temperature imaging error
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the combined DC magnetic field when the DC gradient magnetic field is nonlinear
  • Figure 14 shows the simulation results of the harmonic amplitude measured by the DPSD algorithm when the excitation frequency is 1.6 kHz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 90 dB, and the temperature test range is 300 K to 310 K.
  • Figure 14 (a) shows the one-dimensional temperature imaging, Figure 14 ( b) for temperature imaging errors;
  • Figure 15 shows the simulation results of the harmonic amplitude measured by the DPSD algorithm when the excitation frequency is 1.6 kHz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 80 dB, and the temperature test range is 300 K to 310 K.
  • Figure 15 (a) shows the one-dimensional temperature imaging, Figure 15 ( b) is the temperature imaging error.
  • a magnetic nano temperature imaging method of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the magnetic nanoparticles coated with the surface biomolecule modifier are injected into a human or animal body to be targeted to the subject to be tested following the blood circulation system, such as cancerous tissue in a human or animal body.
  • the AC magnetic field amplitude H Q and the DC magnetic field amplitude b should be as far as possible. Smaller. However, if the applied magnetic field is too weak, the background noise will increase, and the signal-to-noise ratio will decrease, which is not convenient for the extraction of useful signals. Therefore, it is important to reasonably select the strength of the AC magnetic field and the DC magnetic field. The specific magnitude of the amplitude can be adjusted according to the experimental results.
  • a solenoid or a small coil is used as a sensor to detect the AC magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles in the area to be tested, and after being amplified and the like, the circuit is collected by the data acquisition card and stored in the computer for subsequent data processing.
  • the digital phase sensitive detection method or the least squares system parameter identification method is used to detect the data collected by the data acquisition card, and the harmonic amplitudes of the alternating magnetization signal are obtained.
  • H(t) H 0 sin(2 ⁇ ft)+H dc ', as shown in Figure 3.
  • the magnetic field strengths on both sides of the DC gradient magnetic field applied at this time must be the same as those in the step (2).
  • the amplitude and frequency of the AC magnetic field should remain unchanged.
  • the magnetic field strength b is too large, the positive and negative signs of the odd harmonics of the magnetic nanoparticles located in the gradient magnetic field will change, which will bring errors to the calculation of the body temperature.
  • step (22) using a solenoid or a small coil as a sensor to detect the AC magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles in the area to be tested, after being amplified and the like, the circuit is collected by the data acquisition card and stored in the computer for subsequent Data processing.
  • the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles TH can be described by the Langevin function as:
  • H is the magnetic field applied to the magnetic nanoparticles
  • N is the magnetic nanoparticle concentration
  • k Q is the Boltzmann constant
  • T is the absolute temperature of the object to be tested.
  • Amp 3 c H 0 V - ⁇ — H 0 5 +— H 0 3 z 2
  • Anp 3 c- f 3 (y, z);
  • each odd harmonic is an even function of the DC magnetic field z.
  • the first, third harmonic z is an even function of the DC magnetic field
  • the variation of the magnitude of the harmonic amplitude with the applied excitation magnetic field is analyzed in detail below with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, and the difference between the odd-order harmonic amplitude and the body temperature is derived. Relationship. Since the other higher order odd harmonics are identical to the first harmonic analysis method, the present invention performs only a detailed analysis of the first harmonic.
  • the temperature points, and the spatial extent of each temperature point is the same as the gradient magnetic field width ⁇ in the combined DC magnetic field. Since ⁇ is small, the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in ⁇ can be considered as a constant.
  • S u is actually expressed in the ith Warm
  • the concentration distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in the entire one-dimensional area to be tested does not affect the temperature solution. Only the concentration distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in the range of ⁇ affects the accuracy of temperature solution. In addition, since ⁇ is small, the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in ⁇ can be regarded as a constant.
  • c NM s
  • N is the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles
  • M s is the effective magnetic moment of the magnetic nano sample
  • c- f ⁇ y ⁇ represents the first harmonic of reQ at ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ ] .
  • step (2) Using a mechanical scanning or excitation magnetic field scanning method, changing the position of the DC gradient magnetic field relative to the one-dimensional space to be measured ⁇ , and scanning the gradient field of the width ⁇ to the next position, and recording the spatial coordinates. If the area to be tested is not completely detected, jump back to step (2). If the area to be tested has all been detected, it ends.
  • the motor can be used to move the magnetic field device so that the gradient magnetic field scans the entire area to be tested or directly moves the magnetic nanoparticle sample, and records the coordinate position information.
  • the position of the gradient magnetic field can be controlled by changing the current of the excitation coil, etc., so that the entire area to be tested is scanned, and the coordinate position information is recorded.
  • the first measured ⁇ is basically unchanged, then you can jump back to the step (3) to complete the scanning of the entire imaging area without jumping back to the step (2).
  • the signal obtained by each scan can be directly subtracted from the measured ⁇ of the first time, so that not only the temperature solution accuracy but also the temperature imaging time can be shortened;
  • the difference between the amplitudes of the second harmonics can be used to locate the coordinate positions of the respective temperature points.
  • Draw the change trend of the second harmonic amplitude difference It can be found that the projection of the second harmonic amplitude difference at each temperature point on the coordinate axis is the coordinate position of the temperature point.
  • this simulation example will test the method using noise-containing simulation data.
  • the awgn function adds noise to the AC magnetization signal.
  • Figures 7 to 10 reflect that the temperature measurement error of the magnetic nano-temperature imaging method is less than 0.63K under different temperature field distributions. Since the signal-to-noise ratio of the test is 80dB and 90dB, respectively, it can be seen that the method has certain anti-noise ability.
  • Figure 11 reflects the accuracy and applicability of the one-dimensional in-body temperature field imaging method when the magnetic field amplitude is deviated. Under the condition of 80dB signal-to-noise ratio, the temperature measurement error is less than 0.49K. It shows that the method can still obtain better temperature solution accuracy when the amplitude of the magnetic field changes.
  • Figure 12 reflects the accuracy and applicability of the one-dimensional in-body temperature field imaging method when the magnetic nanoparticle concentration distribution is not uniform. Under the condition of 80dB signal-to-noise ratio, the temperature measurement error is less than 0.79K. It shows that under the condition of unknown concentration and uneven concentration distribution, the method can still obtain better temperature resolution accuracy.
  • the awgn function in MATLAB is used to add noise to the AC magnetization signal.
  • Figure 14 reflects the accuracy and applicability of the magnetic nanotemperature imaging method when the DC gradient magnetic field is nonlinear. Under the condition of 90dB signal-to-noise ratio, the temperature measurement error is less than 0.36K. It shows that the method can still obtain better temperature solution accuracy when the DC gradient magnetic field is nonlinear.
  • Figure 15 reflects the accuracy and applicability of the magnetic nanotemperature imaging method when the DC gradient magnetic field is nonlinear. Under the condition of 80dB signal-to-noise ratio, the temperature measurement error is less than 0.54K. It shows that when the DC gradient magnetic field is nonlinear, the method can still obtain better temperature solution accuracy and has certain anti-noise ability. Therefore, the accuracy, stability and repeatability of this magnetic nano-temperature imaging method are guaranteed. It provides a reliable method for performing precise and fast non-invasive imaging of biological temperature fields in complex environments.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种磁纳米温度成像方法,首先,对磁纳米粒子样品所在区域同时施加恒定直流磁场和交流磁场,采集磁纳米粒子的交流磁化强度信号,检测出各奇次谐波幅值;然后,将恒定直流梯度场替换为含梯度磁场的组合直流磁场,采集磁纳米粒子的交流磁化强度信号,检测出各奇次谐波幅值;计算两次谐波幅值差值;利用朗之万函数的泰勒级数展开建立奇次谐波差值与温度的关系式,求解关系式获得在体温度;最后,改变直流梯度场至下一位置,直到完成整个一维空间的温度测量。本发明对磁纳米粒子施加不同的激励磁场,从而一维空间的温度成像转变成了对每一个小区间的点温度求解,从而在不知磁纳米粒子浓度的情况下精密、快速地获得一维空间温度场。

Description

一种磁鈉米温度成像方法及系统
【技术领域】
本发明涉及纳米测试技术领域, 具体涉及一种磁纳米温度成像方法, 更具体地说, 是一种基于磁纳米粒子顺磁特性的一维在体温度成像方法。 【背景技术】
在体 (in vivo)温度成像是指进行于完整且存活的个体内的组织的温度 成像。 在肿瘤热疗等生物医疗领域内, 由于活体内部的温度场分布信息难 以准确获取, 导致很多医疗手段不能有效地使用。 目前, 在体温度测量方 式分为侵入式测量和非侵入式测量。 侵入式测温方法简单, 便于直接实时 高精度地监控病灶温度。 但创伤性较大, 插针容易引起病变细胞的转移, 加热源的辐射场直接与探针作用引起测量精度下降, 测得的温度数据为点 温度, 而非整个病灶的温度场分布。 而非侵入式温度测量能够有效避免创 口感染或癌细胞扩散, 同时可以提供较高精度的在体温度场实时成像, 正 是由于这些优点, 该方式在生物医疗领域具有广阔的应用潜力。
非侵入式温度测量主要有红外测温、 超声测温、 核磁共振测温和磁纳 米远程测温等。 红外测温是根据被测物的红外辐射强度确定其温度, 用于 对不同温度物体的表面温度测量, 不能测量组织深处温度场, 且容易受到 物体发射率、 气雾的影响。 超声测温的关键是超声波传播时间的精确测量, 但必须预先测出各种组织的声特性及其温度特性, 而各组织的温度特性存 在较大差异且不稳定给温度测量带来较大影响。 核磁共振测温的缺陷在于 价格昂贵, 不利于普及应用, 且空间分辨率及温度分辨率有限。 利用磁纳 米粒子进行非侵入式温度场成像可克服上述缺点。 此方法实现在体温度成 像, 可对肿瘤热疗过程进行实时监测以便及时做出有效调整。
此外, 目前基于磁纳米粒子的非侵入式在体温度测量方法, 只能实现 点温度的测量, 不能得到组织深处的温度场分布图, 且温度测量精度受磁 纳米粒子在组织深处的浓度分布影响。 因此探索一种在不知磁纳米粒子浓 度分布的情况下实现在体温度场成像的方法成为磁纳米肿瘤热疗领域亟待 解决的问题。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的缺陷, 本发明的目的在于提供一种基于磁纳米粒子顺 磁特性的在体温度成像方法, 旨在实现不知磁纳米粒子浓度分布的情况下 准确地检测到一维在体温度场。
一种磁纳米温度成像方法, 包括如下歩骤:
( 1 ) 将磁纳米试剂置放于一维待测空间;
( 2)向磁纳米试剂所在一维空间同时施加恒定直流磁场 H =b和交流激 励磁场, 采集待测空间磁纳米试剂的交流磁化强度信号, 获取该交流磁化 强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 4 ...4^, 谐波个数 ≥ 2, 为恒定直流磁场 的幅值;
( 3 ) 保持歩骤 (2) 中的交流激励磁场不变, 将歩骤 (2) 中的恒定直 Ax ,其中 表示位置
Figure imgf000004_0001
变量, 表示直流梯度磁场 A )相对一维待测空间的起始位置, 为直流梯 度磁场 的宽度, 再次采集待测空间磁纳米试剂的交流磁化强度信号, 获 取该交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 B, . . . Β2」—λ
(4)计算歩骤(3 ) 中各奇次谐波幅值 与歩骤(2) 中各奇次 谐波幅值 之间的差值 , …^;—^
( 5 ) 根据 各奇 次谐波 幅值差 与在体温度 的 关 系 式 si =∑c > fi(y>z(rk))-∑c- fi(y>z)
+ Δ ]区间的 y, 进而计算
Figure imgf000005_0001
得到 [ A , A + Δ^]区间的在体温度 Τ = H ;
V y
其中, c = 匪3 , N为磁纳米粒子浓度, Ms为磁纳米样品原子有效磁 矩, kQ为波尔兹曼常数, 磁纳米粒子的磁化强度由朗之万函数描述,
O · f2J-l( , (A))为朗之万函数的有限项泰勒级数展开得到的第 1次谐波幅 值表达式, 为 [^^ + Δ ]区间内的第 k个离散点 A对应的直流磁场大小,
]区间被离散化的点数;
(6) 改变直流梯度磁场 f 的起始位置使得宽度为 Δχ的直流梯度磁场 f 扫描至下一个区间, 重复歩骤(3) ~ (5)得到下一个区间的在体温度, 按照此方式重复测试直到一维待测空间温度检测完毕。
进一歩地, 通过移动直流磁场产生装置改变直流梯度磁场相对一维待 测空间的起始位置或者通过改变激励线圈的电流改变直流梯度磁场相对一 维待测空间的位置。
进一歩地, 所述歩骤 (2) 和 (3) 采用数字相敏检波方法或最小二乘 系统参数辨识方法检测磁纳米粒子交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值。
一种磁纳米温度成像系统, 包括:
恒定直流磁场产生装置, 用于向磁纳米试剂所在一维空间施加恒定直 流磁场 H =b, 其中, 6为恒定直流磁场的幅值;
组合直流磁场产生装置, 用于向磁纳米试剂所在一维空间施加组合直 流磁场〃 ' Ax , 其中, 表示位置变] 表示直流
Figure imgf000006_0001
梯度磁场 W相对一维待测空间的起始位置, 为直流梯度磁场 W的宽 度;
交流激励磁场产生装置, 用于向磁纳米试剂所在一维空间施加交流激 励磁场;
磁化强度采集装置, 用于采集待测空间磁纳米试剂的交流磁化强度信 号;
处理器, 用于对同时施加恒定直流磁场和交流激励磁场时采集的交流 磁化强度信号进行处理得到该交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 . . 2J.― 对在同时施加组合直流磁场和交流激励磁场时采集的交流磁化 强度信号进行处理得到该交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 , 计算各奇次谐波幅值 之间的差值 ^ … — i;根据 各 奇 次 谐 波 幅 值 差 与 在 体 温 度 的 关 系 式
+ Δ ]区间的 , 进而计算 s2j-i
Figure imgf000006_0002
得到 [Α,Α + Δ ]区间的在体温度 T
y
其中, c = 匪 N为磁纳米粒子浓度, Ms为磁纳米样品原子有效磁 矩, kQ为波尔兹曼常数, 磁纳米粒子的磁化强度由朗之万函数描述,
O · f2j (4))为朗之万函数的有限项泰勒级数展开得到的第 1次谐波幅 值表达式, 为 [Α,Α 区间内的第 k个离散点 对应的直流磁场大小, m为 [Α , Α + Δ 区间被离散化的点数, 谐波个数 J > 2。
本发明的技术效果体现在:
本发明首先对磁纳米粒子样品所在区域同时施加一个恒定直流磁场和 一个交流磁场, 采集磁纳米粒子的交流磁化强度信号, 检测出交流磁化强 度信号中各次谐波幅值; 然后, 对磁纳米粒子样品所在区域同时施加一个 组合直流磁场和一个交流磁场, 采集磁纳米粒子的交流磁化强度信号, 检 测出交流磁化强度信号中各次谐波幅值; 接着, 用第二次检测出的各次谐 波幅值中的奇次谐波幅值减去第一次检测出的各次谐波幅值中的奇次谐波 幅值得到谐波幅值差值。 在两次不同磁场的激励下, 整个待测区域内的奇 次谐波幅值的差值只包含了所处位置 Ax区域内磁纳米粒子的信号, 即只与 Ax区域的磁纳米粒子的温度和浓度有关。 因此, 整个一维待测区域内的磁 纳米粒子的浓度分布对温度求解不产生影响, 只有在 范围内的磁纳米粒 子的浓度分布会影响温度求解精度。 由于 Δχ很小, 在^内的磁纳米粒子的 浓度可以看成一个常数。 这样一来, 对磁纳米粒子施加不同的激励磁场, 在温度成像的过程中可把整个一维空间分割成一个一个的小区间^, 从而 一维空间的温度成像转变成了对每一个小区间的点温度求解。 本发明能够 在不知磁纳米粒子浓度的情况下精密、 快速地获得一维空间温度场, 特别 适用于生物分子层面热运动的温度成像,试验表明在信噪比为 80dB的噪声 环境下测量误差小于 0.79K。
【附图说明】
图 1为本发明方法流程图;
图 2为同时施加恒定直流磁场和交流激励磁场的示意图;
图 3为同时施加组合直流磁场和交流激励磁场的示意图;
图 4为一次、 二次和三次谐波随直流磁场变化的示意图;
图 5为总磁场为 H(t)= HQ sin(2 rft)+Hd。时,待测区域内各处磁纳米粒子一 次谐波大小的示意图;
图 6 为总磁场为
Figure imgf000008_0001
H。sin(2;rfO+ H 时, 待测区域内各处磁纳米粒子 一次谐波大小的示意图;
图 7为激励频率 160Hz,信噪比 90dB,温度测试范围 308K至 318K时, 用 DPSD算法测得谐波幅值的仿真结果, 其中, 图 7 (a)为一维温度成像, 图 7 (b) 为温度成像误差;
图 8为激励频率 160Hz,信噪比 80dB,温度测试范围 308K至 318K时, 用 DPSD算法测得谐波幅值的仿真结果, 其中, 图 8 (a)为一维温度成像, 图 8 (b) 为温度成像误差;
图 9为激励频率 160Hz,信噪比 90dB,温度测试范围 300K至 310K时, 用 DPSD算法测得谐波幅值的仿真结果, 其中, 图 9 (a)为一维温度成像, 图 9 (b) 为温度成像误差;
图 10为激励频率 160Hz, 信噪比 80dB, 温度测试范围 300K至 310K 时, 用 DPSD算法测得谐波幅值的仿真结果, 其中, 图 10 (a)为一维温度 成像, 图 10 (b) 为温度成像误差;
图 11为激励频率 160Hz, 信噪比 80dB, 磁场强度存在 2%的偏差, 温 度测试范围 300K至 310K时, 用 DPSD算法测得谐波幅值的仿真结果, 其 中, 图 11 (a) 为一维温度成像, 图 11 (b) 为温度成像误差;
图 12为激励频率 160Hz,信噪比 80dB,磁纳米粒子浓度分布存在 10% 的偏差, 温度测试范围 300K至 310K时, 用 DPSD算法测得谐波幅值的仿 真结果, 其中, 图 12 (a)为一维温度场成像, 图 12 (b)为温度成像误差; 图 13为直流梯度磁场为非线性时的组合直流磁场示意图;
图 14为激励频率 1.6kHz, 信噪比 90dB, 温度测试范围 300K至 310K 时, 用 DPSD算法测得谐波幅值的仿真结果, 其中, 图 14 (a)为一维温度 成像, 图 14 (b) 为温度成像误差; 图 15为激励频率 1.6kHz, 信噪比 80dB, 温度测试范围 300K至 310K 时, 用 DPSD算法测得谐波幅值的仿真结果, 其中, 图 15 (a)为一维温度 成像, 图 15 (b) 为温度成像误差。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图 及实施例, 对本发明进行进一歩详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体 实施例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。
参见图 1, 本发明一种磁纳米温度成像方法, 包括如下歩骤:
( 1 ) 将磁纳米试剂置放于待测对象处。
将已包裹表面生物分子修饰剂的磁纳米粒子注射到人或动物体内, 使 其跟随血液循环系统靶向至待测对象处, 例如人或动物体内的癌变组织。
(2) 首次奇次谐波幅值采集
(21 )向磁纳米试剂所在区域同时施加恒定直流磁场 H = b和交流激励 磁场 H(t) = HQ sin(2;rft), 则总磁场为 H (t) = H。sin(2;rft)+ Hd。, H。表示交流磁场幅 值, f表示频率, t表示时间, 如图 2所示。
由于后面歩骤在求解在体温度时, 只用到了朗之万函数的有限项泰勒 级数展开式, 因此考虑到模型的截断误差, 交流磁场幅值 HQ和直流磁场幅 值 b都应该尽量小一些。 但是若施加的磁场过于微弱, 背景噪声会增大, 信 号信噪比会降低, 不便于有用信号的提取。 因此, 合理地选择交流磁场和 直流磁场的强度至关重要, 幅值具体大小可根据实验结果进行调整。
(22) 采集待测区域磁纳米试剂的交流磁化强度信号。
利用螺线管或者小线圈作为传感器, 探测待测区域内的磁纳米粒子的 交流磁化强度, 经过放大等调理电路后被数据采集卡采集并存储于计算机 以便后续的数据处理。
(23 )检测交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 Λ, Λ ^— 谐波个数 j≥2。 利用数字相敏检波方法(DPSD)或最小二乘系统参数辨识方法检测由 数据采集卡采集的数据, 并得到交流磁化强度信号的各次谐波幅值。
(3) 再次奇次谐波幅值采集
(31) 去除恒定直流磁场, 向磁纳米试剂所在区域施加一个组合直流 Δχ , 其中 表示直流梯度
Figure imgf000010_0001
磁场 W相对一维待测空间的起始位置, 为直流梯度磁场 W的宽度, 在 Δχ内的直流磁场 ζ形成一个线性或非线性的梯度磁场, 梯度磁场两侧分别 为 z = -b, 同时保持交流激励磁场 H(0 = HQsin(2;rft)不变, 则总磁场为
H(t)=H0sin(2^ft)+Hdc', 如图 3所示。
必须说明此时施加的直流梯度磁场的两侧磁场强度必须与歩骤 (2) 中 的强度相同。 同时, 交流磁场的幅值和频率也应保持不变。 此外, 若磁场 强度 b过大,会导致位于梯度磁场内的磁纳米粒子的奇次谐波的正负符号发 生变化, 给在体温度的计算带来误差。
(32) 采集待测区域磁纳米试剂的交流磁化强度信号。
与歩骤 (22) —致, 利用螺线管或者小线圈作为传感器, 探测待测区 域内的磁纳米粒子的交流磁化强度, 经过放大等调理电路后被数据采集卡 采集并存储于计算机以便后续的数据处理。
(33) 检测交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 A 谐波个数 与歩骤 (23) —致, 利用数字相敏检波方法 (DPSD) 或最小二乘系统 参数辨识方法检测由数据采集卡采集的数据, 并得到交流磁化强度信号的 各次谐波幅值。
(4)计算歩骤(3) 中各奇次谐波幅值 与歩骤(2) 中各奇次 谐波幅值 之间的差值 , …^;—^
(5)根据各奇次谐波幅值的差值与在体温度的关系式, 计算在体温度 (
Ms
磁纳米粒 T H子的磁化强度可以由朗之万函数描述为:
Figure imgf000011_0001
其中 a H为对磁纳米粒子施加的磁场, N为磁纳米粒子浓度, 为磁纳米粒子原子有效磁矩, kQ为波尔兹曼常数, T为待测对象的绝对温度。
当同时对磁纳米粒子施加交流磁场和直流磁场 H(0 = HQsin(2;rft)+Z时, 各次谐波幅值的表达式可由朗之万函数的有限项泰勒级数展开式近似获 得, 一次谐波幅值表达式为:
An 1 = c H — Ηη Λ +— H0 Jz +— H0z4 y +·
3 、60
Figure imgf000011_0002
63 189 简记 Am =c- fj(y, z) ; 二次谐波幅值表达式为:
Amp2 =c ― H0zy H0z + H0Y y +· 简记 Amp 2 = c . f2(y, z);
30 189 189 三次谐波幅值表达式为
1 一
Amp3 =c H0V -^— H0 5 +— H0 3z2 |y5 + ' 简记 Anp3 =c- f3(y, z);
180 1512 189 J n次谐波幅值表达式简记 Arapn = c. fn(y,z) 其中, c = NMS , y: , N为磁纳米粒子浓度, M为样品原子有效磁 knT 矩, kQ为波尔兹曼常数, T为待测对象的绝对温度, z为直流磁场大小, H。 为交流磁场幅值。
通过数学归纳可知各奇次谐波是关于直流磁场 z的偶函数,各偶次谐波 是关于直流磁场 z的奇函数, §卩 — ^)= — -z), f2j(-z) = -f2j(z), j≥l。 如 图 4所示, 可看出一次、 三次谐波是直流磁场 z的偶函数, 二次谐波是直流 磁场 z的奇函数。 因此, 当施加的磁场从 H (t) = HQ sin(2 rft)+ Hd。变为 HQ sin(2;rfO+ Hde'时, 在直流磁场 z = ±b处的磁纳米粒子的奇次谐波的大 小和符号保持不变, 偶次谐波则大小不变符号相反。 奇次谐波唯一发生变 化的磁纳米粒子在区域 Δχ内, 即直流磁场 ζ形成的一个线性或非线性的梯 度磁场内。
为了更清楚明白地表达本发明的思想, 下面结合图 5和图 6详细分析 谐波幅值大小随施加的激励磁场的变化情况, 并推导出奇次谐波幅值的差 值与在体温度的关系式。 由于其他较高次的奇次谐波与一次谐波的分析方 法相同, 因此本发明只对一次谐波进行详细分析。
将待测区域看作有! …!;…!个温度点, 且每个温度点的空间范围与 组合直流磁场中梯度磁场宽度 Δχ相同, 由于 Δχ很小, 在 Δχ内的磁纳米粒子 的浓度可以认为是一个常数。 当在待测区域施加磁场 H(0 = HQ sin(2 rft)+H 时, 由朗之万函数可知在同一温度 Τ^ Δχ内的磁纳米粒子的一次谐波幅值 相同, 如图 5所示。 因此, 整个一维空间内磁纳米粒子的一次谐波幅值为 各个温度点处的磁纳米粒子一次谐波幅值的总和, 记为 Λ。
当在待测区域施加磁场 H = H。 sin(2^ft)+ Hdc', 宽度为 Δχ的梯度磁场位 于温度点!处, 由于一次谐波的大小是关于直流磁场 ζ的偶函数, 即 )= f^- z) ^ 则在直流磁场 z = ±b处的磁纳米粒子的一次谐波的大小和符号 保持不变,唯一发生变化的磁纳米粒子位于区域为直流磁场 z形成一个线性 或非线性的梯度磁场内,此时各温度点处磁纳米粒子的一次谐波幅值如图 6 所示。 因此, 整个一维空间内磁纳米粒子的一次谐波幅值的总和为 Λ与梯 度磁场内的变化量之和, 记为 。
在两次不同磁场的激励下, 整个待测区域内的一次谐波幅值的差值可 以表示为 = A - 4, 结合图 5和图 6, 不难看出 Su实际上表示在第 i个温 度点所处位置 Δχ区域内的磁纳米粒子在两次不同磁场的激励下的一次谐波 幅值的差值, 其只包含了第 i个温度点所处位置 Δχ区域内磁纳米粒子的信 号, 即只与第 i个温度点处的磁纳米粒子的温度和浓度有关。 因此, 不难发 现整个一维待测区域内的磁纳米粒子的浓度分布对温度求解不产生影响, 只有在 Δχ范围内的磁纳米粒子的浓度分布会影响温度的求解精度。 此外, 由于 Δχ很小, 在 Δχ内的磁纳米粒子的浓度可以看成一个常数。
基于上述分析, 可知, [Χι,Χι +Δχ]区间的一次谐波幅值的差值可表示为 si =J"c' fi(y,z(r))dr- J"c' fi(y,z) dr
Ω Ω z=b
其中, c = NMs, N为磁纳米粒子浓度, Ms为磁纳米样品原子有效磁矩, c- f^y^ )表示 Ω^^,Α + Δ ]区间内 reQ处的一次谐波大小。
同理, [ Xl , Xl + Δχ ]区间的三次谐波幅值的差值可表示为
Figure imgf000013_0001
其中, c · f3 (y, z(r 表示 Ω = [ ^ , + ]区间内 r e Ω处的三次谐波大小。
同理, 可得整个待测区域内的 2j-l次谐波幅值的差值可表示为
Figure imgf000013_0002
其中, c · f2j— y, z(r 表示 Ω = [ ^ + Δ ]区间内 r e Ω处的 2 j - 1次谐波大 小, j ≥ 2。
综上所述, 磁纳米粒子各奇次谐波幅值的差值与在体温度之间的关系 式得以建立。
将第 i个温度点在 Δχ区域内 r e Ω离散化为 m段,则各奇次谐波幅值的差 值^… ― ^与在体温度之间的关系式构成如下方程组为 k:l k:l z:b k:l k:l z:b s2j-i,i =∑ci * f 2j-i(yi'z(rk))-∑ci - f 2j-i(yi'z)
k:l k:l z:b 对离散化的方程组求解即可得到第 i个温度点处的 Ci、 y,, 从而获得第 i个 温度点的在体温度 Ti = ϋ, 磁纳米粒子浓度 Ni = i。 当检测的奇次谐波个数 j = 2, 可直接求解方程组获得 Cl、 y,, 从而得 到第 i个温度点的在体温度 η = ϋ。 当检测的奇次谐波个数 j≥3, 可采用最小二乘法等算法求解超定方程 组获得 Ci、 , 从而得到在体温度 η=ϋ。
(6) 采用机械扫描或激励磁场扫描的方式, 改变直流梯度磁场相对一 维待测空间的位置 ^, 使宽度为 Δχ的梯度场扫描下一个位置, 并记录空间 坐标。 若待测区域未全部检测完, 则跳回歩骤 (2)。 若待测区域已全部检 测, 则结束。
当使用机械扫描方式时, 可利用电机来移动磁场装置使梯度磁场扫描 整个待测区域或直接移动磁纳米粒子样品, 并记录坐标位置信息。
当使用激励磁场扫描方式时, 可通过改变激励线圈的电流等方式来控 制梯度磁场的位置, 使其扫描整个待测区域, 并记录坐标位置信息。
当扫描速度足够快或温度变化缓慢时, 第一次测得的 Λ基本上不变, 则可直接跳回歩骤 (3) 完成整个成像区域的扫描, 不必跳回歩骤 (2) 。 将每次扫描得到的信号直接与第一次测得的 Λ相减即可, 这样不仅不会影 响温度求解精度还可以缩短温度成像时间; 当一维空间中磁纳米粒子分布较均匀时, 可利用二次谐波幅值的差值 来定位各个温度点的坐标位置。 画出二次谐波幅值差值的变化趋势, 可发 现每个温度点的二次谐波幅值差值在坐标轴上的投影便是该温度点的坐标 位置。
仿真实例 1 :
1. 仿真模型与测试说明:
为了研究磁纳米温度成像方法的有效性和可行性, 本仿真实例将采用 含有噪声的仿真数据来测试该方法。 仿真测试过程中采用的试剂粒子有效 磁矩 Ms测定为 8.5 x 10- 19 (补充说明有效磁矩的测定数值由试剂类型参数决 定), 直流梯度磁场的宽度 Ax = 5mm, 模拟机械移动的方式每次移动 lmm。 考虑到采用朗之万函数的前八项泰勒级数展开式获得的近似模型的截断误 差, 本仿真实例采用交流磁场幅值 HQ = 50Oe, 频率 160Hz, 直流磁场强度 为 30Oe, 并采用 MATLAB中 awgn函数给交流磁化强度信号添加噪声。 为 了达到不同的测试目的:
I 磁纳米粒子浓度分布均匀时,在不同温度场分布的在体温度场成像过 程中添加信噪比为 90dB、 80dB的噪声,温度测试范围分别是 308K至 318K 和 300K至 310K, 仿真结果如图 7至图 10所示。
II 直流磁场幅值存在 2%的偏差时, 在温度成像过程中添加信噪比为 80dB的噪声, 温度测试范围 300K至 310K, 仿真结果如图 11所示。
III 磁纳米粒子浓度存在 10%的偏差时, 在温度成像过程中添加信噪比 为 80dB的噪声, 温度测试范围 300K至 310K, 仿真结果如图 12所示。
2、 仿真试验结果:
图 7至图 10反映了在不同的温度场分布下, 磁纳米温度成像方法的温 度测量误差小于 0.63K。 由于测试的信噪比分别为 80dB、 90dB, 可见该方 法具有一定的抗噪能力。 图 11反映了磁场幅值出现偏差时, 一维在体温度场成像方法的精度和 适用性。 在信噪比为 80dB的条件下, 温度测量误差小于 0.49K。 表明在磁 场幅值有所变化时, 该方法仍可以得到较好温度求解精度。
图 12反映了磁纳米粒子浓度分布不均匀时, 一维在体温度场成像方法 的精度和适用性。 在信噪比为 80dB的条件下, 温度测量误差小于 0.79K。 表明在不知浓度且浓度分布不均匀的条件下, 该方法仍可以得到较好的温 度求解精度。
仿真实例 2:
1. 仿真模型与测试说明:
为了研究直流梯度磁场为非线性时磁纳米温度成像方法的有效性, 仿 真测试过程中采用的试剂粒子有效磁矩 Ms测定为 8.5 x 10- 19(补充说明有效磁 矩的测定数值由试剂类型参数决定), 成像范围 40mm, 直流梯度磁场的宽 度 Ax=20mm, 模拟机械移动的方式每次移动 lmm。本仿真实例采用非线性 的直流梯度磁场, 交流磁场幅值 HQ = 60Oe, 频率 1.6kHz, 直流磁场强度为 30Oe , 并采用 MATLAB中 awgn函数给交流磁化强度信号添加噪声。 当磁 纳米粒子浓度分布均匀时,在温度成像过程中添加信噪比为 90dB、 80dB的 噪声, 温度测试范围为 300K至 310K, 仿真结果如图 14和图 15所示。
2. 仿真试验结果:
图 14反映了在直流梯度磁场为非线性时, 磁纳米温度成像方法的精度 和适用性。 在信噪比为 90dB的条件下, 温度测量误差小于 0.36K。 表明在 直流梯度磁场为非线性时, 该方法仍可以得到较好温度求解精度。
图 15反映了在直流梯度磁场为非线性时, 磁纳米温度成像方法的精度 和适用性。 在信噪比为 80dB的条件下, 温度测量误差小于 0.54K。 表明在 直流梯度磁场为非线性时, 该方法仍可以得到较好温度求解精度, 且具备 一定的抗噪声能力。 因此, 这种磁纳米温度成像方法的精度、 稳定性以及重复性是有保证 的。 为在复杂环境下完成精密快速的生物体温度场非侵入式成像提供了可 靠的方法。

Claims

利 要 求
1、 一种磁纳米温度成像方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下歩骤:
(1) 将磁纳米试剂置放于待测一维空间;
(2)向磁纳米试剂所在一维空间同时施加恒定直流磁场 H=b和交流激 励磁场, 采集待测空间磁纳米试剂的交流磁化强度信号, 获取该交流磁化 强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 谐波个数 ≥ 2, 为恒定直流磁场 的幅值;
(3) 保持歩骤 (2) 中的交流激励磁场不变, 将歩骤 (2) 中的恒定直 Δχ, 其中
Figure imgf000018_0001
变量, 表示直流梯度磁场 ( )相对一维待测空间的起始位置, 为直流梯 度磁场 f(X)的宽度, 再次采集待测空间磁纳米试剂的交流磁化强度信号, 获取该交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 A… ^―
(4)计算歩骤(3) 中各奇次谐波幅值 A… . ^与歩骤(2) 中各奇次 谐波幅值 之间的差值 , …^;—^
( 5 ) 根据 各奇 次谐波 幅值差 与在体温度 的 关 系 式
Figure imgf000018_0002
s3 = ¾c' f 3(y,z(r k))- ¾c'f3(y,zj
, 求解 [Α,Α + Δ ]区间的 , 进而计算 s2j-i
Figure imgf000018_0003
得到 [Α,Α + Δ ]区间的在体温度 T
y
其中, c = 匪3 , N为磁纳米粒子浓度, M 为磁纳米试剂原子有效磁 矩, ι¾为波尔兹曼常数, 磁纳米粒子的磁化强度由朗之万函数描述,
O · f2J-l( , (A))为朗之万函数的有限项泰勒级数展开得到的第 次谐波幅 值表达式, 汄 rk)为 ,^ + Δ ]区间内的第 k个离散点 rk对应的直流磁场大小, m为 [Α,Α + Δ 区间被离散化的点数;
(6) 改变直流梯度磁场 f(x)的起始位置使得宽度为 Δχ的直流梯度磁场 f(x)扫描至下一个区间, 重复歩骤(3) ~ (5)得到下一个区间的在体温度, 按照此方式重复测试直到待测一维空间温度检测完毕。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的磁纳米温度成像方法, 其特征在于, 通过移 动直流磁场产生装置改变直流梯度磁场相对一维待测空间的起始位置或者 通过改变激励线圈的电流改变直流梯度磁场相对一维待测空间的位置。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的磁纳米温度成像方法, 其特征在于, 所 述歩骤 (2) 和 (3) 采用数字相敏检波方法或最小二乘系统参数辨识方法 检测磁纳米粒子交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值。
4、 一种磁纳米温度成像系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
恒定直流磁场产生装置, 用于向磁纳米试剂所在一维空间施加恒定直 流磁场 H =b, 其中, 6为恒定直流磁场的幅值;
组合直流磁场产生装置, 用于向磁纳米试剂所在一维空间施加组合直 流磁场 A fix) < x < x1 + Ax , 其中, 表示位置变] 表示直流
X > X-, + Ax
梯度磁场 W相对一维待测空间的起始位置, 为直流梯度磁场 W的宽 度;
交流激励磁场产生装置, 用于向磁纳米试剂所在一维空间施加交流激 励磁场;
磁化强度采集装置, 用于采集待测空间磁纳米试剂的交流磁化强度信 处理器, 用于对同时施加恒定直流磁场和交流激励磁场时采集的交流 磁化强度信号进行处理得到该交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 . . 2J.― 对在同时施加组合直流磁场和交流激励磁场时采集的交流磁化 强度信号进行处理得到该交流磁化强度信号的各奇次谐波幅值 , 计算各奇次谐波幅值 之间的差值 , … — i;根据 各 奇 次 谐 波 幅 值 差 与 在 体 温 度 的 关 系 式 si
Figure imgf000020_0001
s3 = ¾c'f 3(y,z(rJ)- ¾c'f3(y,zj
. . . , 求解 [Α,Α + Δ ]区间的 y, 进而计算
Figure imgf000020_0002
得到 [ ^ A + 区间的在体温度 T = ϋ ;
y
其中, c = 匪3 , N为磁纳米粒子浓度, Ms为磁纳米样品原子有效磁 矩, ]¾为波尔兹曼常数, 磁纳米粒子的磁化强度由朗之万函数描述, o · f2J (4))为朗之万函数的有限项泰勒级数展开得到的第 -1次谐波幅 值表达式, 为 [^^ + Δ ]区间内的第 k个离散点 对应的直流磁场大小,
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