WO2015149196A1 - 一种适用于三相分离的组合方法与装置 - Google Patents

一种适用于三相分离的组合方法与装置 Download PDF

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WO2015149196A1
WO2015149196A1 PCT/CN2014/000448 CN2014000448W WO2015149196A1 WO 2015149196 A1 WO2015149196 A1 WO 2015149196A1 CN 2014000448 W CN2014000448 W CN 2014000448W WO 2015149196 A1 WO2015149196 A1 WO 2015149196A1
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liquid
phase
gas
separation
plate
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French (fr)
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杨强
许萧
王朝阳
卢浩
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East China University of Science and Technology
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East China University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D17/00Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/045Breaking emulsions with coalescers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D19/00Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0042Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
    • B01D19/0047Atomizing, spraying, trickling

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of gas-liquid-liquid three-phase separation of energy chemical process, and relates to a method for oil dehydration or degassing or water degassing and degreasing, in particular to gas-liquid inertial separation distribution, rotary flow jet degassing, Optimized combination of gravity sedimentation and combined coalescence technology to achieve efficient and rapid separation of three phases, suitable for various processes including crude oil extraction and purification, sewage treatment, dehydration and degassing of hydrocarbons in petroleum refining processes, hydrocarbon dehydration in chemical processes Degassing and other processes.
  • the invention also relates to a device for use in the above three-phase separation process. Background technique
  • Water in oil generally exists in the form of free, dispersed, emulsified and dissolved.
  • the free water is the already agglomerated water phase, which is the relatively easy to separate aqueous phase; the dispersed water is generally less than 100 microns due to the micron-scale particle size, and the water-in-oil condition begins to appear; the emulsified water is in the oil.
  • the generally emulsified water droplets have a particle size of 3 to 50 particles.
  • the gas in the oil generally exists in the form of entrained gas and microbubbles.
  • the gravity separation method utilizes the density difference and mutual insolubility of oil-water gas to achieve three-phase separation under static or flowing conditions. From a practical point of view, the gravity separation process does not require additional motion force, does not consume chemicals, and has low operation and maintenance costs, which is the most economical. One way.
  • the conventional gravity settling tank can only remove free water and entrained gas, and it is difficult to remove water-in-oil (dispersed water), dissolved water and micro-bubbles in the oil.
  • Chinese patent CN 1204948C discloses a three-phase separator, including a Horizontal tank, provided with a separate outlet for the feed port and three-phase material.
  • It also includes a primary separator in a gas zone, a sloped return disk in a gas zone, and a lower end of the return disk located near the inlet section, forming a channel between the two, which reduces turbulence in the liquid phase and enhances liquid-liquid phase sedimentation separation. effectiveness.
  • Coalescence also known as coarse granulation, is a process in which water droplets become larger as they pass through a device containing a coalescing filler.
  • Chinese patent CN 101857286 A discloses a folded-plate coalescing and degreasing filler, which uses materials of different surface roughness and opens up a mud hole, a degreasing hole and a fixing hole, thereby increasing the effect of coalescing oil droplets.
  • the common gas-liquid separation technologies in the petrochemical industry include heating method, negative pressure method, adsorption method and gravity separation method.
  • the heating method and the negative pressure method have high energy consumption and are difficult to meet the requirements of large throughput.
  • the adsorption method is costly and difficult to operate in a long period.
  • Gravity separation is difficult to effectively separate microbubbles.
  • Chinese Patent No. 103071318 A discloses a device for deaeration of liquid by coupling a swirling or centrifugal field with a pressure gradient field to degas the liquid. A new idea has been provided, but this device does not involve the field of three-phase separation.
  • liquid-gas separation and liquid-liquid separation are usually carried out in different equipment, often in pressurized vessels.
  • the multiple pressure vessels not only increase the manufacturing cost, but also increase the floor space, improve the operation difficulty, and the service life is not uniform, and the difficulty of rectification is increased.
  • the gas-liquid three-phase separator which performs liquid-gas separation and liquid-liquid separation solves the above problems, and a method and a device for dehydrating and degassing three-phase separation of hydrocarbons which are inefficient and long-term use.
  • a combined method suitable for three-phase separation comprising the following steps:
  • the gas-liquid-liquid mixed phase at the inlet is subjected to liquid-gas preliminary separation using the gas-liquid inertial separation and distribution technique in Chinese patent application CN102671502A; the gas-derived device obtained after separation, the liquid phase containing trace gas Go to the next step;
  • step (3) The liquid phase obtained by the step (2) is subjected to preliminary separation of the liquid-liquid two phases by gravity sedimentation technique, that is, the liquid phase is passed through the rectifying plate to eliminate turbulent flow; the dispersed phase obtained after separation is recovered, entrained The continuous phase liquid of the micro-dispersed phase goes to the next step;
  • the micro-dispersed phase grows in a baffled coalescence plate by surface flow collision agglomeration by the hydrophilic oleophobic or oleophilic hydrophobic nature of the material;
  • the shallow pool enhanced settlement is realized by using the provided open-hole corrugated coalescence plate, the water droplet grows and separates from the opening of the open-hole corrugated coalescence plate, and the trough oil droplet escapes from the small hole of the wave crest, and the larger water droplets are separated from The trough hole sinks, the smaller water droplet passes through the hydrophilic corrugated plate; the smaller water droplet first flows on the surface of the hydrophilic corrugated plate Wet film formation, and then sink and coalesce due to gravity, water flow drag, material adsorption force; wherein, the hydrophilic corrugated plate can also be replaced by a slanted plate; the larger water drop is a water droplet having a particle size of 30 ⁇ , The water droplets are water droplets having a particle size of ⁇ 30 ⁇ m;
  • the liquid flows through the nano-poly fiber coalescing layer, which provides a large specific surface area for the coalescence of water droplets, and the water droplets in the liquid continuously collide and coalesce on the surface of the coalescing layer to achieve fine separation of water droplets.
  • the residual amount of the dispersed phase after the above-mentioned nano-poly fiber coalescing layer does not exceed 20 ppm.
  • the formation of the oil dehydration and degassing three-phase interface is realized by controlling the gas-liquid interface height and the oil-water boundary height, thereby stabilizing the entire three-phase separation system.
  • the inertia separation distributor is disposed at the inlet, and the gas-liquid two-phase is separated by the violent change of the momentum, and the liquid phase is prevented from being broken.
  • the operating pressure of the step is 0. l ⁇ 50MPa, the temperature is - 0001MPa0. 008MPa ⁇ The pressure drop is 0. 0001 ⁇ 0. 008MPa.
  • the deep degassing treatment in the step (2) is realized by the rotary flow jet degassing tube for the rotary stream flashing and the venturi jet coupling, and the fine separation of the microbubbles and the partially dissolved gases in the liquid, the operating pressure of this step 0 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 50MPa, The temperature is _30 ⁇ 580'C, the operating pressure drop is 0. 001 ⁇ 0.
  • IMPac rotating stream flashing can use the pressure gradient field in the cyclone field to achieve partial dissolved gas extraction, combined with centrifugation The field rapidly separates the entrained or extracted bubbles.
  • the gas separated in steps 1 and 2 can be used to remove the liquid entrained by the gas through a wire mesh demister, and is mainly used for separating droplets having a diameter larger than 3 to 5 ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Step (3) Gravity sedimentation is achieved by setting the container size to ensure the residence time.
  • the gas is sedimented by gravity and then discharged out of the equipment.
  • the liquid-liquid two phases are separated by gravity sedimentation. This process can separate the dispersed phase droplets larger than 15 ⁇ m. .
  • the device comprising a casing and an inner member, the casing being provided with a feed port, a liquid light phase outlet, and a gas according to a three-phase flow direction a bag, a gas phase outlet, a oil or water bag, a liquid heavy phase outlet, a liquid level gauge and a boundary gauge, the inner member is provided with a gas-liquid inertial separation distributor connected to the feed port, and a rotary flow jet degassing pipe , baffled coalescence plate, open corrugated coalescence plate, hydrophilic corrugated plate, wire mesh demister and nano-poly fiber coalescence layer.
  • the wire mesh demister is installed in the air bag, and the gas separated in the steps 1 and 2 of the above combination method is required to remove the gas entrained by the wire through the wire demister, and is mainly used for separating the diameter larger than 3 ⁇ 5 ⁇ .
  • a droplet of ⁇ ; the baffle coalescence plate is installed at the gas-liquid interface.
  • the gas-liquid inertial separation distributor is located at a central portion of the cross section of the liquid flow, and may be in the form of an open-ended tube or an inertially distributed curved blade group.
  • the rotary flow jet degassing tube has one or more horizontal tangential inlets, and a gas outlet and a liquid outlet are respectively disposed at upper and lower ends, a center of the liquid outlet is provided with a cone, and the liquid outlet is in the form of a zoom tube An umbrella-shaped liquid dispenser is disposed outside the liquid outlet.
  • the rotary flow jet degassing tubes can be installed in parallel to meet the throughput requirements.
  • the baffled coalescence plate is made of a hydrophilic oleophobic or lipophilic hydrophobic material, and is stainless steel, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or other materials.
  • the open-hole corrugated coalescence plate is a corrugated plate group placed at a certain angle, the corrugation direction is consistent with the liquid flow direction, and the circular holes are opened at the crests and troughs, the diameter of the circular holes is 5 to 50 mm, and the hole pitch is 5 ⁇ 100mra, the corrugated board spacing is 5 ⁇ 50mm.
  • the nano-poly fiber coalescence layer is woven from organic fibers and inorganic fibers, and glass fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, and stainless steel fibers can be used. Under the condition of ensuring molding strength, the knitting ratio is corresponding according to the processing precision. Adjustment.
  • the baffled coalescing plate, the open-cell corrugated coalescing plate and the nano-poly fiber coalescing layer are arranged in a modular manner.
  • the three-phase separation device is a horizontal gas-liquid three-phase separator or a vertical gas-liquid three-phase separator; when the horizontal gas-liquid three-phase separator is used for three-phase separation, baffle coalescence
  • the multi-fold structure of the device increases the chance that the droplets are trapped, and the unremoved droplets are trapped by the same action at the next turn, and the effect is repeated, which greatly improves the demisting efficiency.
  • the baffle coalescer is primarily installed at the gas-liquid interface. It can increase the probability of trapping droplets, and also solve the problem of easy foaming on the gas-liquid interface during gas separation process and liquid flow, which seriously affects the problem of liquid level and boundary control.
  • the inlet of the horizontal gas-liquid three-phase separator is difficult to install the converter jet degassing core tube. Therefore, for gas-liquid separation, the vertical gas-liquid three-phase separator is superior to the horizontal gas-liquid three-phase separator. ; vertical gas liquid three The horizontal moving distance of the mixed liquid in the phase separator is limited. Therefore, for oil-water separation, the horizontal gas-liquid three-phase separator is superior to the vertical gas-liquid three-phase separator.
  • the invention adopts the optimized combination of gas-liquid inertial separation distribution, rotary flow jet degassing, gravity sedimentation and combined coalescence technology, thereby greatly improving the separation efficiency, reducing the operation and maintenance cost, the equipment volume, and becoming a petrochemical gas-liquid three-phase. A key breakthrough in the field of separation technology.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the three-phase separation process of the embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rotary flow jet degassing pipe of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal gas-liquid three-phase separator of Embodiment 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vertical gas-liquid three-phase separator of the second embodiment.
  • the cold low pressure separation process in a petrochemical hydrogenation unit adopts this technology.
  • the three-phase separation processing flow chart is shown in Figure 1.
  • the operating parameters of the three-phase separation device are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the water containing water contains a certain flow rate from the inlet. After the inertial separation distributor, a large amount of gas escapes, forming a gas-liquid interface, forming a certain space in the gas phase, and the liquid phase is distributed. , to prevent the breakage of dispersed droplets.
  • the liquid phase is subjected to secondary local acceleration, the water droplet collides and grows, the subsequent coalescence effect is enhanced, and the turbulent flow is eliminated.
  • the corrugated plate is reinforced by the open-hole corrugated plate, the corrugated coalescing plate is used to include the shallow pool principle and the collision coalescence, and the water droplet grows and sinks to separate from the opening.
  • the smaller water droplets coalesce into a film on the surface of the hydrophilic material, and are aggregated into droplets, which are separated by gravity and liquid flow.
  • the gas rising into the gas phase space is captured by the droplets of the baffle demister and the wire mesh demister, and the purified gas enters the air bag and is then discharged at the gas outlet.
  • the oil-water mixed liquid finally passes through the fiber coalescing layer, and the microvoids and large specific surface area of the fiber coalescing layer are important for the fine separation of water droplets.
  • the powerful collisional coalescence causes the tiny water droplets to collide and grow, and settles to the water bag, and is discharged through the water outlet.
  • the oil phase in the vessel When the oil phase in the vessel is above the height of the fibrous layer, the oil phase flows into the oil sump.
  • the water discharge is controlled by the height of the oil-water interface, and the discharge of the oil phase is controlled by the liquid level in the oil pool. As shown in Fig.
  • the liquid containing the microbubbles enters the swirling flow jet degassing tube 22 from the tangential inlet 1 and the bubble is quickly separated and transferred to the center of the degassing tube by the centrifugal force, overflowing from the gas outlet 5,
  • the gas is coalesced at the center, so that the cone 2 is provided to prevent the gas from flowing from the center to the lower liquid outlet to reduce the liquid removal rate, and the liquid is discharged by using the scaled liquid outlet 3 by the micro-negative pressure generated by the venturi jet flashing principle.
  • the dissolved gas is partially removed, and the liquid is sprayed on the umbrella cloth 4 to form a large liquid film, which is favorable for gas removal, greatly improving the separation efficiency and broadening the application field.
  • This process has a general requirement for degassing, and the focus is on the oil-water separation process. Therefore, the horizontal gas-liquid three-phase separator is selected for separation.
  • the structure of the horizontal gas-liquid three-phase separator used in this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 3, and includes an outer casing and an inner part.
  • the outer casing is provided with a feed port, a water bag, a water outlet, a gas bag, a gas outlet 5, and an oil pool. , oil outlet, level gauge 18 and boundary gauge 19; internal components include inertial separation distributor 11, rectifying plate 12, open corrugated coalescing plate 13, hydrophilic corrugated coalescing plate 14, baffle defoamer 15 , wire mesh demister 16, fiber coalescing layer 17.
  • inertial separation distributor 11 rectifying plate 12
  • open corrugated coalescing plate 13 open corrugated coalescing plate 13
  • hydrophilic corrugated coalescing plate 14 baffle defoamer 15
  • wire mesh demister 16 fiber coalescing layer 17.
  • the gas-liquid-liquid three-phase medium enters the three-phase separator from the tangential inlet 1 by first performing preliminary separation and liquid distribution through the inertial separation distributor 11 connected to the tangential inlet 1, the gas to the container.
  • the remaining two-phase liquid is fluidly rectified by the rectifying plate 12, so that the liquid becomes a stable laminar flow state and enters the open-hole corrugated coalescence section 13 for preliminary coalescence of the oil-water two phases, so that The dispersed phase oil droplets or water droplets grow up, and then enter the hydrophilic corrugated coalescing plate 14, and the upper convex portion of the hydrophilic corrugated coalescing plate 14 is used to rapidly float the oil droplets, and the concave portion causes the water phase to sink quickly.
  • the initial rapid separation of the oil-water two phases is achieved; finally, the fine oil droplets separated by the corrugated separation section are further separated into the fiber coalescence layer 17 for deep coalescence separation, and the hydrophilic or pro-fiber of the fiber is utilized in the fiber coalescence layer 17.
  • the special weaving method of the oil intercepts the tiny water droplets or oil droplets, and the purified water or oil is discharged from the outlet; the gas phase is separated by the wire mesh demister 16 and then discharged from the upper gas phase. Three-phase separator 5 is discharged.
  • the gas removal rate is 95% or more (stable), and the water content in the oil is less than 35 ppm.
  • the cold low pressure separation process in a petrochemical hydrogenation unit uses this technology.
  • the three-phase separation process is shown in Figure 1.
  • the operating parameters of the three-phase separation device are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2
  • the process requires high degassing, and requires deep recovery of the gas in the operation process.
  • the requirements for the oil-water separation process are also relatively low. Therefore, the vertical gas-liquid-liquid three-phase separator is selected for separation.
  • the structure is shown in Figure 4, including The outer casing and the inner casing are provided with a feed port, a water outlet, an air outlet, an oil outlet, a level gauge 28, and a boundary gauge 29.
  • the inner member includes an inertial separation distributor 21, a rotary flow jet degassing tube 22, an open-hole corrugated coalescing plate 23, a hydrophilic corrugated coalescing plate 24, a fiber coalescing layer 25, and a wire mesh demister 26.
  • the water containing water containing gas flows in from the inlet at a certain flow rate, and through the inertial separation distributor, a large amount of gas escapes, and the liquid phase is distributed to prevent the broken droplets from being broken.
  • the liquid is further degassed by a jet-jet degassing tube, and the gas in the liquid is effectively separated, and the gas is discharged upward through the screen demister to remove the droplets.
  • the corrugated coalescing plate is used to include the shallow pool principle and the collision coalescence, and the water droplet grows and sinks away from the opening.
  • the smaller water droplets coalesce into a film on the surface of the hydrophilic material, and are aggregated into droplets, which are separated by gravity and liquid flow. Oil and water mixing
  • the liquid finally passes through the fiber coalescing layer, and the microvoids and large specific surface area of the fiber coalescing layer are important for the fine separation of water droplets.
  • the powerful collision coalescence causes the tiny water droplets to continuously collide and grow, and the sedimentation is discharged through the water outlet.
  • the efflux of the water volume is controlled by the height of the oil-water interface, and the discharge of the oil phase is controlled by the gas-liquid interface height.
  • the gas removal rate is 99% or more (stable)
  • the water content in the outlet oil is less than 100 ppm
  • the oil content in the water is less than 150 ppm.

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Abstract

一种适用于三相分离的组合方法及其装置,该方法包括如下步骤:(1)采用气液惯性分离与分布技术对入口处的气-液-液混合相进行液-气初步分离;(2)采用旋转流喷射脱气技术对步骤(1)得到的含微量气体的液相进行深度脱气处理;(3)采用重力沉降技术对步骤(2)得到的液相进行液-液两相的初步分离,即,使所述液相通过整流板,消除紊流;(4)采用组合聚结技术对步骤(3)得到的夹带微量分散相的连续相液体进行深度分离;将分离的微量分散相与步骤(3)得到的分散相混合后一并单独导出设备,即得到净化的连续相液体;该装置包括外壳和内件,外壳设有进料口、液体轻相出口、气包、气相出口、油包或水包、液体重相出口、液位计(28)和界位计(27),内件设有气液惯性分离分布器(21)、旋转流喷射脱气管(22)、折流聚结板、开孔波纹聚结板(23)、亲水性波纹板(24)、丝网除沫器(26)和纳米聚纤维聚结层(25)。

Description

一种适用于三相分离的组合方法与装置 技术领域
本发明是属于能源化工过程气液液三相分离技术领域,涉及一种油脱水脱气 或者水脱气除油的方法, 具体地说, 涉及采用气液惯性分离分布、旋转流喷射脱 气、重力沉降和组合聚结技术的优化组合, 实现三相的高效、迅速分离, 适合于 各种工艺包括原油开采提纯、污水处理、石油炼制过程的烃类的脱水脱气、化工 过程烃类脱水脱气等过程。 本发明还涉及一种上述三相分离过程中使用的装置。 背景技术
在石油开采、 石油炼制及化工生产过程中, 部分液态水和气体残留在油中, 严重影响安全, 降低产品质量, 增加加工能耗; 或者加工生产后的水中含油且会 夹带部分烃类气体或者酸性气,造成了较大的资源流失并带来环保问题。例如原 油开采中,大多采用注水式开采, 原油采出液中会夹带大量的水以及天然气等杂 质,而分离出的水中油会夹带油及经类气体或酸性气体;润滑油和液压系统中含 水含气会导致腐蚀、油氧化、化学腐蚀、轴承疲劳寿命降低和润滑性能损失; 在 加氢工艺中, 由于原油中含有水分, 出装置时柴油也会携带少量水分, 而且会带 有参加反应的氢气, 不可避免的遇到油脱水脱气的过程; 在垸基化装置中, 原料 中的含水量对反应效率有着重要影响, 一般要求含水量小于 20ppm, 乙烯的存在 也会增加催化剂的消耗量, 因此, 急需高效实用的油脱水脱气或者水脱气除油的 气液液三相分离器。
以油中脱气脱水为例: 油中的水一般以游离态、分散态、乳化态和溶解态的 形式存在。游离态的水是已经聚结的水相, 是比较容易分离的水相; 分散态的水 由于处于微米级颗粒尺度,一般小于 100微米, 而且开始出现油包水的情况; 乳 化态水是油中存在的水包油或者油包水的状态, 一般乳化态的水滴粒径为 3-50 微粒。油中的气体一般以夹带气和微气泡的形态存在, 由于液相表面张力大, 增 大气体上浮阻力, 微气泡几乎很难单纯依靠浮力作用而分离。 同时, 小水滴凝聚 在气泡周围, 在气泡垂直浮力的作用下, 气泡周围的水滴很难在油中沉降, 气泡 也很难上浮, 进一步增加了气液液分离难度; 另外一方面, 在该操作压力下, 油 中也会存在部分溶解态的气体,到下游装置后会带来资源流失及其它问题,因此, 采用高效的脱气脱水技术尤为重要。
石油化工行业常见的油水分离技术有离心法、吸附法、膜分离法、重力沉降 法和聚结法。 离心法的适应性不强, 造价高, 处理量小, 操作条件要求苛刻, 中 国专利 101397506A公开了一种柴油脱水方法及装置, 主要对加氢裂化工艺的柴 油进行旋流分离,将柴油中的水含量降至 40mg/kg以下,但是油包水和溶解水等 很难得到有效分离, 分离出的水中夹带柴油, 造成了资源浪费; 吸附过滤和膜分 离等精细方法能够吸收油中的水分,但是对于从油中除去乳化的或者溶解的水的 情况效果有限, 另外, 它们的处理量不理想, 一旦吸收饱和, 就必须更换, 成本 非常高。
重力分离法是利用油水气的密度差及相互不溶性,在静止或者流动条件下实 现三相分离, 从实用角度看, 重力分离过程无需外加运动力, 不消耗药剂, 运行 维护费用低,是最经济的一种方法。传统重力沉降罐只能去除游离态的水和夹带 的气体, 对油中的油包水 (分散水)、 溶解水和微气泡难以去除, 中国专利 CN 1204948C公开了一种三相分离器, 包括一个水平罐槽, 设置有一个进料口和三 相物质的单独出口。还包括一个气体区域的初级分离器,一个气体区域的斜面回 流盘, 回流盘下端位于入口断面附近, 两者之间形成一个通道, 降低了液相中的 紊流, 强化了液液相沉降分离效率。
聚结又称粗粒化,是使夹带水分的烃类通过装有聚结填充物的装置时,水滴 由小变大的过程。 中国专利 CN 101857286 A公开了一种折板聚结除油填料, 使 用不同表面粗糙度的材料并且开设了沉泥孔、除油孔和固定孔,增大了聚结油滴 的效果。
石油化工行业常见的气液分离技术有加热法、负压法、吸附法和重力分离法。 加热法和负压法的能耗高, 而且难以满足大处理量的要求。吸附法成本高, 难以 长周期运行。 重力分离难以对微气泡进行有效分离。 中国专利 103071318 A公开 了一种利用旋流或者离心场与压力梯度场耦合进行液体脱气的装置,为液体脱气 提供了新的思路, 但是这种装置不涉及三相分离领域。
目前在石油加工和化工领域, 液气分离和液液分离通常在不同的设备中进 行, 往往都在带压容器中进行。多个压力容器不仅增加了制造成本, 而且增大了 占地面积, 提高了操作难度, 而且使用寿命不统一, 加大整改难度。 既进行液气 分离, 又进行液液分离的气液液三相分离器解决了上述问题, 亟待髙效的、长周 期使用的烃类脱水脱气三相分离的方法与装置。
发明内容
为了解决上述能源化工中三相分离的难题,提供一种适用于三相分离的组合 方法和该组合方法中使用的装置。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种适用于三相分离的组合方法, 所述组合方法包括如下步骤:
( 1 )首先采用中国专利申请 CN102671502A中的气液惯性分离与分布技术对 入口处的气-液 -液混合相进行液-气初步分离; 分离后得到的气体导出设备, 含 微量气体的液相去下个步骤;
(2)采用旋转流喷射脱气技术对步骤(1 )得到的含微量气体的液相进行深 度脱气处理; 分离后得到的微量气体出设备, 液相去下个步骤;
(3)采用重力沉降技术对步骤(2)得到的液相进行液-液两相的初步分离, 即, 使所述液相通过整流板, 消除紊流; 分离后得到的分散相回收, 夹带微量分 散相的连续相液体去下个步骤;
(4)采用组合聚结技术对步骤(3)得到的夹带微量分散相的连续相液体进 行深度分离; 将分离的所述微量分散相与步骤 (3) 得到的分散相混合后一并单 独导出设备, 即得到净化的连续相液体;
所述深度分离的过程如下:
首先,通过材料的亲水疏油或者亲油疏水的性质使所述微量分散相在折流聚 结板中经表面流动碰撞聚结长大;
然后,利用设置的开孔波紋聚结板实现浅池强化沉降,水滴长大并从所述开 孔波紋聚结板的开孔处分离,波谷油滴从波峰小孔逸出,较大水滴从波谷小孔下 沉,较小水滴通过亲水性波纹板;所述较小水滴在所述亲水性波纹板表面首先润 湿成膜, 随后由于受到重力、水流曳力、 材料吸附力而下沉聚结; 其中, 亲水性 波紋板也可用斜板替代; 所述较大水滴是粒径 30μπι 的水滴, 所述较小水滴是 粒径 <30μπι的水滴;
最后,液体流经纳米聚纤维聚结层,所述聚结层为水滴的聚结提供很大的比 表面积, 液体中的水滴在所述聚结层表面不断碰撞聚结, 实现水滴的精细分离。
此过程的压力降是 0. 005〜0. 05MPa。 该深度分离过程主要分离出微量分散 相中小于 3微米的组分。
上述通过纳米聚纤维聚结层后分散相残留量不超过 20ppm。
进一步地,通过控制气液界面高度和油水界位高度来实现油脱水脱气三相界 面的形成, 从而稳定整个三相分离系统。
步骤 (1 ) 中在所述入口处设置惯性分离分布器, 利用动量的剧烈变化初步 分离气液两相, 防止分散液相的破碎, 此步骤的操作压力为 0. l〜50MPa, 温度 为- 30〜580°C, 操作压力降是 0. 0001〜0. 008MPa。
步骤(2) 中所述深度脱气处理是通过旋转流喷射脱气管进行旋转流闪蒸和 文丘里喷射耦合作用实现的,对微气泡及液体中部分溶解气体进行精细分离,此 步骤的操作压力为 0. l〜50MPa, 温度为 _30〜580'C, 操作压力降是 0. 001〜 0. IMPac旋转流闪蒸利用旋流场中的压力梯度场可实现部分溶解气的脱出,结合 离心场将夹带或脱出的气泡进行迅速分离。
步骤 1、 2中分离出来的气体可经过丝网除沫器脱除气体夹带的液体, 主要 用于分离直径大于 3〜5 μ πι 的液滴。
步骤 (3) 中重力沉降通过设定容器大小保证停留时间而实现的, 气体经重 力沉降后出设备, 液液两相通过重力沉降实现初步分离, 此过程可分离出大于 15μπι的分散相液滴。
上述任一种适用于三相分离的组合方法中使用的三相分离装置,所述装置包 括外壳和内件, 按照三相的流向, 所述外壳设有进料口、 液体轻相出口、 气包、 气相出口、 油包或水包、液体重相出口、 液位计和界位计, 所述内件设有与所述 进料口连接的气液惯性分离分布器、旋转流喷射脱气管、折流聚结板、开孔波纹 聚结板、 亲水性波紋板、 丝网除沫器和纳米聚纤维聚结层。 所述丝网除沫器安装在气包内, 上述组合方法的步骤 1、 2中分离出来的气 体须经过丝网除沫器脱除气体夹带的液体, 主要用于分离直径大于 3〜5 μ ηι的 液滴; 所述折流聚结板安装气液界面处。
所述气液惯性分离分布器位于液流横截面的中心部位,其形式可以为开孔管 或惯性分布弧形叶片组。
所述旋转流喷射脱气管具有一个或多个水平切向进口,在上下顶端分别设有 气体出口和液体出口, 所述液体出口的中心设有圆锥体, 并且, 所述液体出口为 缩放管形式, 对应所述液体出口的外部设置有伞状布液器。
所述旋转流喷射脱气管可以并联安装, 满足处理量要求。
所述折流聚结板采用亲水疏油或者亲油疏水材料, 为不锈钢、聚丙烯、聚四 氟乙烯或其它材料。
所述开孔波纹聚结板为按一定角度放置的波纹板组,波纹方向与液流方向一 致, 在波峰和波谷处各开圆孔, 所述圆孔的直径为 5〜50mm, 孔距为 5〜100mra, 波纹板间距为 5〜50mm。
所述纳米聚纤维聚结层由有机纤维和无机纤维编织而成, 可以使用玻璃纤 维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维和不锈钢纤维等, 在保证成型强度条件下, 编 织比例按照处理精度相应调整。
所述折流聚结板、 开孔波纹聚结板和纳米聚纤维聚结层采用模块化方式设 置。
所述三相分离装置为卧式气液液三相分离器或立式气液液三相分离器;当使 用所述卧式气液液三相分离器进行三相分离时,折流聚结器的多折向结构增加了 液滴被捕集的机会, 未被除去的液滴在下一个转弯处经过相同的作用而被捕集, 反复作用, 大大提高了除雾效率。所述折流聚结器主要安装在气液界面处。 既可 以增加了捕集液滴的几率,也解决了气体分离过程和液体流动过程中,在气液界 面上容易产生泡沫, 严重影响液位和界位控制的难题。
卧式气液液三相分离器的入口难以安装转流喷射脱气芯管, 因此,对于气液 分离,立式气液液三相分离器的效果优于卧式气液液三相分离器;立式气液液三 相分离器中混合液体的水平运动距离有限, 因此, 对于油水分离, 卧式气液液三 相分离器优于立式气液液三相分离器。
有益效果
本发明采用气液惯性分离分布、旋转流喷射脱气、重力沉降和组合聚结技术 的优化组合后, 大大提高了分离效率, 降低了操作维护成本、设备体积, 成为石 油化工气液液三相分离技术领域的关键突破。
附图说明
图 1是实施例的三相分离处理流程图;
图 2是实施例 1的旋转流喷射脱气管的结构示意图;
图 3是实施例 1的卧式气液液三相分离器的结构示意图;
图 4是实施例 2的立式气液液三相分离器的结构示意图。
符号说明
1切向进口; 2圆锥体; 3縮放式液体出口; 4伞状布液器; 5气体出口; 11、 21惯性分离分布器; 12整流板; 13、 23开孔波纹聚结板;
14、 24亲水性波纹聚结板; 15折流除沫器; 16、 26丝网除沫器;
17、 25纤维聚结层; 18、 28液位计; 19、 27界位计; 22旋转流喷射脱气管。 具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但这些实施例并不限制本发明 的保护范围。
实施例 1
某石化加氢装置中的冷低压分离过程采用该技术,其三相分离处理流程图如 图 1所示, 三相分离装置的操作参数如下表 1所示-
表 1
Figure imgf000008_0001
气相 2238 Kg/h 油相 9052 Kg/h 水相 微量 Kg/h 操作温度 /50/ /50/ 。C
-最高 /正常 /最
操作压力 /2. 8/ /2. 8/ MPa (g) -最高 /正常 /最
真空或负压 半真空 半真空 MPa (abs) -最高 /最低
介质密度 - -操作温度下
气相 13. 47 Kg/m3 油相 774. 1
水相 998
如图 1所示, 具体实施步骤: 含水含气的油分以一定的流速从进口流入, 经 过惯性分离分布器, 大量气体逸出, 形成气液界面, 气相形成一定的空间, 液相 经过分布作用, 防止分散液滴的破碎。 通过整流板时, 液相得到二次局部加速, 水滴碰撞长大, 强化后续聚结效果, 并且消除了紊流。 通过开孔波纹聚结板时, 利用波纹聚结板包括浅池原理和碰撞聚结,水滴长大并下沉从开孔处分离。再经 亲水性聚结波纹板, 较小的水滴在亲水性材料表面聚结成膜, 并聚成液滴, 随重 力和液流曳力迁移分离。上升至气相空间的气体,通过折流除沫器和丝网除沫器 的液滴捕获作用, 净化的气体进入气包, 然后在气体出口排出。油水混合液体最 后通过纤维聚结层,纤维聚结层的微空隙和大比表面积,对水滴的精细化分离具 有重要意义。 强大的碰撞聚结作用使微小水滴不断碰撞长大, 并且沉降至水包, 经水出口外排。 当容器内的油相液面高于纤维层高度时, 油相流入油池。通过油 水界面的高度来控制水量的外排, 通过油池内液面高度控制油相的排出。 如图 2所示, 含微量气泡的液体从切向进口 1进入旋转流喷射脱气管 22, 在离心力的作用下,气泡迅速被分离迁移到脱气管中心,从气体出口 5溢流而出, 因气体在中心聚结,因此设置了圆锥体 2防止气体从中心流动到下部液体出口而 降低液体脱除率,采用缩放式液体出口 3利用文丘里喷射闪蒸原理形成的微负压 二次将液体中溶解的气体进行部分脱除,该部分液体喷射在伞状布液器 4上,形 成较大的液膜, 有利于气体的脱除, 大大提高了分离效率并拓宽了应用领域。该 过程对脱气要求一般,重点为油水分离过程,所以选择采用卧式气液液三相分离 器进行分离。
本实施例使用的卧式气液液三相分离器的结构如图 3 所示, 包括外壳和内 件, 外壳设有进料口、 水包、 水出口、 气包、 气体出口 5、 油池、 油出口、 液位 计 18及界位计 19; 内部部件包括惯性分离分布器 11、 整流板 12、 开孔波紋聚 结板 13、 亲水性波紋聚结板 14、 折流除沫器 15、 丝网除沫器 16、 纤维聚结层 17。 图 3中, 气-液-液三相介质从切向进口 1进入三相分离器, 首先通过与切向 进口 1相连接的惯性分离分布器 11进行初步的分离与液体的分布, 气体到容器 (三相分离器) 的上部空间, 其余两相液体在通过整流板 12进行流体整流, 使 液体变为稳定的层流状态进入开孔波纹聚结段 13进行油水两相的初步聚结, 使 分散相油滴或者水滴长大, 然后再进入亲水性波纹聚结板 14, 利用亲水性波纹 聚结板 14的上凸起部分使油滴快速上浮, 下凹部分使得水相快速下沉, 实现油 水两相的初步快速分离;最后未经波紋分离段分离干净的微小油滴水滴再进入纤 维聚结层 17进行深度聚结分离,在纤维聚结层 17中利用纤维的亲水或者亲油的 特殊编织方式对微小水滴或者油滴进行拦截,净化后的水或者油从出口排出;气 相通过丝网除沫器 16分离液滴后从上部的气相出口 5排出三相分离器。
本实施例中三相分离的效果: 气体脱除率为 95%以上 (稳定), 油中水含量 小于 35ppm。
实施例 2
某石化加氢装置中的冷低压分离过程采用该技术,其三相分离处理流程如图 1所示, 三相分离装置的操作参数如下表 2所示: 表 2
Figure imgf000011_0001
该过程对脱气要求较高,需深度回收操作过程的气体,对油水分离过程要求 也较髙, 所以选择采用立式气液液三相分离器进行分离, 其结构如图 4所示, 包 括外壳和内件, 外壳设有进料口、 水出口、 气出口、 油出口、 液位计 28、 界位 计 29。内件包括惯性分离分布器 21、旋转流喷射脱气管 22、开孔波纹聚结板 23、 亲水性波纹聚结板 24、 纤维聚结层 25、 丝网除沫器 26。
具体实施过程:含水含气的油分以一定的流速从进口流入,经过惯性分离分 布器, 大量气体逸出, 液相经过分布作用, 防止分散液滴的破碎。液体再经转流 喷射脱气管进行深度脱气,液体中气体被有效分离出来,气体向上经过丝网除沫 器脱液滴后排出。液体通过开孔波纹聚结板时,利用波纹聚结板包括浅池原理和 碰撞聚结, 水滴长大并沉从开孔处分离。再经亲水性聚结波纹板, 较小的水滴在 亲水性材料表面聚结成膜, 并聚成液滴, 随重力和液流曳力迁移分离。油水混合 液体最后通过纤维聚结层,纤维聚结层的微空隙和大比表面积,对水滴的精细化 分离具有重要意义。强大的碰撞聚结作用使微小水滴不断碰撞长大,并且沉降经 水出口外排。通过油水界面的高度来控制水量的外排,通过气液界面高度控制油 相的排出。
本实施例的三相分离效果: 气体脱除率为 99%以上 (稳定), 出口油中水含 量小于 lOOppm, 水中油含量小于 150ppm。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种适用于三相分离的组合方法, 其特征在于, 所述组合方法包括如下步骤:
( 1 )首先采用中国专利申请 CN102671502A中的气液惯性分离与分布技术对 入口处的气-液 -液混合相进行液-气初步分离; 分离后得到的气体导出设备, 含 微量气体的液相去下个步骤;
(2)釆用旋转流喷射脱气技术对步骤(1 )得到的含微量气体的液相进行深 度脱气处理; 分离后得到的微量气体出设备, 液相去下个步骤;
( 3)采用重力沉降技术对步骤(2)得到的液相进行液-液两相的初步分离, 即, 使所述液相通过整流板, 消除紊流; 分离后得到的分散相回收, 夹带微量分 散相的连续相液体去下个步骤;
(4)采用组合聚结技术对步骤(3)得到的夹带微量分散相的连续相液体进 行深度分离; 将分离的所述微量分散相与步骤 (3) 得到的分散相混合后一并单 独导出设备, 即得到净化的连续相液体;
步骤 (4)所述深度分离的过程如下:
首先,通过材料的亲水疏油或者亲油疏水的性质使所述微量分散相在折流聚 结板中经表面流动碰揸聚结长大;
然后,利用设置的幵孔波紋聚结板实现浅池强化沉降,水滴长大并从所述开 孔波紋聚结板的开孔处分离,波谷油滴从波峰小孔逸出,较大水滴从波谷小孔下 沉,较小水滴通过亲水性波紋板;所述较小水滴在所述亲水性波纹板表面首先润 湿成膜, 随后由于受到重力、 水流曳力、 材料吸附力而下沉聚结; 其中, 亲水性 波紋板也可用斜板替代; 所述较大水滴是粒径 30μπι的水滴, 所述较小水滴是 粒径 <30μπι的水滴;
最后,液体流经纳米聚纤维聚结层,所述聚结层为水滴的聚结提供很大的比 表面积, 液体中的水滴在所述聚结层表面不断碰撞聚结, 实现水滴的精细分离; 所述深度分离的过程中压力降是 0. 005〜0. 05MPa。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述组合方法, 其特征在于, 进一步地, 通过控制气液界面 高度和油水界位的高度来实现油脱水脱气三相界面的形成,从而稳定整个三相分 离系统。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述组合方法, 其特征在于, 在步骤(4) 中通过纳米聚纤维 聚结层后分散相残留量不超过 20Ppm。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述组合方法, 其特征在于, 步骤(1 ) 中在所述入口处设置 惯性分离分布器,利用动量的剧烈变化初步分离气液两相;此步骤的操作压力为 0. l〜50MPa, 温度为 - 30〜580°C, 操作压力降是 0· 0001〜0· 008MPa。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述组合方法, 其特征在于, 步骤(2) 中所述深度脱气处理 是通过旋转流喷射脱气管进行旋转流闪蒸和文丘里喷射耦合作用实现的;此步骤 的操作压力为 0. l〜50MPa, 温度为 -30〜580°C, 操作压力降是 0. 001〜0. lMPa。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述组合方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (1 )和步骤 (2) 中分离 出来的气体经过丝网除沫器脱除气体夹带的直径大于 3〜5 μ πι 的液滴。
7、 权利要求 1至 6中任一适用于三相分离的组合方法中使用的三相分离装置, 器特征在于,所述装置包括外壳和内件,按照三相的流向,所述外壳设有进料口、 液体轻相出口、气包、气相出口、油包或水包、液体重相出口、液位计和界位计, 所述内件设有气液惯性分离分布器、旋转流喷射脱气管、折流聚结板、开孔波紋 聚结板、亲水性波紋板、丝网除沫器和纳米聚纤维聚结层; 所述气液惯性分离分 布器与所述进料口相连,所述丝网除沫器安装在所述气包内;所述折流聚结板安 装在气液界面处。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的三相分离装置, 其特征在于, 所述气液惯性分离分布 器位于液流横截面的中心部位, 其形式为开孔管或惯性分布弧形叶片组。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的三相分离装置, 其特征在于, 所述旋转流喷射脱气管 具有一个或多个水平切向进口,在上下顶端分别设有气体出口和液体出口,所述 液体出口的中心设有圆锥体, 并且, 所述液体出口为缩放管形式, 对应所述液体 出口的外部设置有伞状布液器。
10、根据权利要求 7所述的三相分离装置, 其特征在于, 所述旋转流喷射脱气管 为并联安装。
11、根据权利要求 7所述的三相分离装置, 其特征在于, 所述折流聚结板采用亲 水疏油或者亲油疏水材料。
12、根据权利要求 7所述的三相分离装置, 其特征在于, 所述开孔波紋聚结板为 按一定角度放置的波纹板组,波纹方向与液流方向一致,在波峰和波谷处各开圆 孔, 所述圆孔的直径为 5〜50mm, 孔距为 5〜 100mm, 波纹板间距为 5〜50mm。
13、根据权利要求 7所述的三相分离装置, 其特征在于, 所述纳米聚纤维聚结层 由有机纤维和无机纤维编织而成。
14、根据权利要求 7所述的三相分离装置, 其特征在于, 所述折流聚结板、 开孔 波纹聚结板和纳米聚纤维聚结层采用模块化方式设置。
15、根据权利要求 7所述的三相分离装置, 其特征在于, 所述三相分离装置为卧 式气液液三相分离器或立式气液液三相分离器。
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