WO2015146456A1 - 微粒子の個数計測器及び微粒子の個数計測方法 - Google Patents
微粒子の個数計測器及び微粒子の個数計測方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015146456A1 WO2015146456A1 PCT/JP2015/055583 JP2015055583W WO2015146456A1 WO 2015146456 A1 WO2015146456 A1 WO 2015146456A1 JP 2015055583 W JP2015055583 W JP 2015055583W WO 2015146456 A1 WO2015146456 A1 WO 2015146456A1
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- charge
- fine particles
- electrode
- number measuring
- measuring device
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 55
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
- G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fine particle number measuring device and a fine particle number measuring method for measuring the number of fine particles contained in a gas (Particle Number).
- a weight measuring instrument for measuring the weight of the fine particles (Particle Mass) is known.
- weight measuring instrument examples include FCAE (Faraday cup Aerosol Electrometer) and a PM sensor described in JP 2012-194078 A.
- CPC Conditioning Particle Counter
- the conventional measurement of the number of fine particles is a measurement method on the premise of stationary in a system (PMP system) based on PMP (Particle Measurement Program).
- PMP Physical Measurement Program
- the size of the PMP system is larger than that of the vehicle.
- the measuring instrument itself has a size in which several cases of about 30 to 50 cm in length, 30 to 50 cm in width, and 10 to 15 cm in height are stacked, and is not considered for in-vehicle use or general home use.
- the number of fine particles by CPC is difficult to manage because it uses an organic gas such as alcohol or butanol.
- a method of measuring the number of fine particles for example, a method of converting from the weight of a specific fine particle to the number based on the idea that there is a certain correlation between the weight and the number of fine particles can be considered. However, it takes time to correlate the weight and number of specific fine particles, and the correlation may change depending on the use environment and the like.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of such problems, can be reduced in size and weight, is suitable for in-vehicle use and general home use, and can accurately measure the number of fine particles.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fine particle number measuring device and a fine particle number measuring method.
- a fine particle number measuring device includes a housing made of ceramic, charge adding means for adding charge to the fine particles in the gas to be measured introduced into the housing, It has a charge collection means for collecting the charge added to the fine particles, and a number measurement means for measuring the number of fine particles based on the amount of the collected charges.
- a heater for heating the portion for collecting the electric charge may be provided.
- a switch for electrically connecting the charge collecting means and the number measuring means at regular time intervals, and the number measuring means has an amount of the collected charges. May be measured.
- the charge collecting means when a series circuit of a capacitor and a resistor is connected to the charge collecting means, and the charge collecting means and the number measuring means are electrically connected by the switch, the charge collecting means The generation of a current based on the electric charge collected in the signal may be transmitted to the number measuring means as a transient response through the series circuit.
- the charge collecting means includes a measurement electrode installed in the casing and at least one electric field generating means for generating an electric field in the casing, The added electric charge may be collected on the measurement electrode by the electric field.
- the electric field generating means of the charge collecting means includes a negative electrode disposed on the depth side of the introduction part of the fine particles in the casing, and a positive electrode disposed to face the negative electrode.
- the measurement electrode of the charge collecting means may be disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and in the vicinity of the positive electrode.
- the charge adding means includes a needle electrode disposed toward the introduction portion of the fine particles in the housing, and a counter electrode disposed to face the tip of the needle electrode. And corona discharge due to a potential difference between the needle electrode and the counter electrode may be generated between the needle electrode and the counter electrode.
- At least one electric field generating means may be provided, and a second charge collecting means for collecting charges not added to the fine particles may be provided.
- the fine particle number measuring device is a ceramic housing, and charge adding means for adding charges to the fine particles in the gas to be measured introduced into the housing. It has a charge collecting means for collecting only the charges not added to the fine particles, and a number measuring means for measuring the number of fine particles based on the amount of collected charges.
- a heater for heating the portion for collecting the electric charge may be provided.
- a switch is provided for electrically connecting the charge collection means and the number measurement means, and the number measurement means generates a current based on the amount of the collected charges. You may measure.
- the charge collecting means when a series circuit of a capacitor and a resistor is connected to the charge collecting means, and the charge collecting means and the number measuring means are electrically connected by the switch, the charge collecting means The generation of a current based on the electric charge collected in the battery may be transmitted to the number measuring means as a transient response through the series circuit.
- the charge collection means includes a measurement electrode installed in the casing and at least one electric field generation means for generating an electric field in the casing, Only the charge that has not been added may be collected by the measurement electrode by the electric field.
- the electric field generating means of the charge collecting means includes a negative electrode disposed on the depth side of the introduction part of the fine particles in the casing, and a positive electrode disposed to face the negative electrode.
- the measurement electrode of the charge collecting means may be disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and in the vicinity of the positive electrode.
- the charge adding means includes a needle-like electrode installed toward the introduction part of the fine particles in the casing, and a counter electrode installed facing the tip of the needle-like electrode. And corona discharge due to a potential difference between the needle electrode and the counter electrode may be generated between the needle electrode and the counter electrode.
- the step of adding electric charge to the fine particles in the gas to be measured introduced into the casing made of ceramic, and the method of not adding to the fine particles has a step of collecting only charges and a step of measuring the number of fine particles based on the amount of collected charges.
- the fine particle number measuring device and the fine particle number measuring method of the present invention it is possible to reduce the size and weight, and it is also suitable for in-vehicle use and general home use, and also accurately measures the number of fine particles. be able to.
- ⁇ indicating a numerical range is used as a meaning including numerical values described before and after the numerical value as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- a particle number measuring device (hereinafter referred to as a first number measuring device 10 ⁇ / b> A) according to the first embodiment includes a housing 12 made of ceramic, and a housing 12.
- the charge adding means 20 for adding charges 18 to the fine particles 16 in the gas 14 to be measured introduced into the gas
- the first charge collecting means 22A for collecting the charges 18 added to the fine particles 16, and the collected particles.
- a number measuring means 24 for measuring the number of fine particles based on the amount of the electric charge 18.
- the first charge collection means 22A has a measurement electrode 26 installed in the housing 12 and first electric field generation means 28A for generating an electric field in the housing 12, and the fine particles 16 to which the charge 18 is added. It adheres to the measurement electrode 26 by the electric field. That is, the charge 18 added to the fine particles 16 is collected by the measurement electrode 26.
- the number measuring unit 24 includes the current measurement unit 30 and the fine particles 16 attached to the measurement electrode 26 over a predetermined period (for example, 1 to 5 minutes) based on the detection signal Si (detected current value) from the current measurement unit 30.
- the first number measuring device 10A is a switch for electrically connecting the measuring electrode 26 of the first charge collecting means 22A and the current measuring unit 30 of the number measuring means 24 every predetermined time (for example, 5 to 15 seconds). 34.
- the housing 12 includes a gas inlet 38 through which the gas 14 to be measured is introduced, a hollow portion 40 that diffuses the fine particles 16 introduced into the housing 12, and a gas outlet that discharges the fine particles 16 outside the housing 12. 42.
- a gas introduction portion 44 having a constant height hi is disposed between the gas introduction port 38 and the hollow portion 40, and a gas discharge portion 46 having a constant height ho between the hollow portion 40 and the gas discharge port 42. Is arranged.
- the relationship between the heights hi and hc of the gas introduction part 44 and the hollow part 40 is hc ⁇ hi.
- the heights hi and ho of the gas introduction part 44 and the gas discharge part 46 are 200 ⁇ m to several cm
- the height hc of the hollow part 40 is 200 ⁇ m to several cm.
- the heights hi and ho of the gas inlet 44 and the gas outlet 46 may be the same or different.
- the housing 12 is made of a ceramic material.
- the ceramic material include alumina, mullite, silicon nitride, and other ceramic materials having insulating properties and high heat resistance.
- the charge addition means 20 is installed toward the gas introduction part 44 in the housing 12, and has a needle-like or needle-like needle electrode 48 having a sharp tip 48 a and a tip 48 a of the needle-like electrode 48.
- the counter electrode 50 is disposed so as to be opposed to each other, and the power source 52 applies a voltage Vp (eg, a pulse voltage) between the needle electrode 48 and the counter electrode 50.
- Vp eg, a pulse voltage
- the distance Da between the tip 48a of the needle electrode 48 and the facing surface 50a of the counter electrode 50 (surface facing the needle electrode 48) is 200 ⁇ m to several cm.
- the voltage Vp is applied between the needle electrode 48 and the counter electrode 50, corona discharge due to a potential difference between the needle electrode 48 and the counter electrode 50 is generated.
- one charge 18 (electrons in this example) is added to the fine particles 16 in the measurement gas 14.
- the fine particles 16 to which one electric charge 18 has been added proceed to the hollow portion 40.
- Electrons are preferentially added to the uncharged fine particles 16. As a result, the fine particles 16 to which one electron is added increase.
- the first electric field generating means 28A of the first charge collecting means 22A includes a first negative electrode 54a disposed in the hollow portion 40 in the housing 12 and a first negative electrode 54a disposed opposite to the first negative electrode 54a. And a positive electrode 56a.
- the measurement electrode 26 of the first charge collection means 22A is disposed between the first negative electrode 54a and the first positive electrode 56a and in the vicinity of the first positive electrode 56a.
- a negative potential ⁇ V1 is applied to the first negative electrode 54a, and a ground potential Vss is applied to the first positive electrode 56a.
- the level of the negative potential ⁇ V1 is several tens of volts from the ⁇ mV order.
- a first electric field 58A is generated from the first positive electrode 56a toward the first negative electrode 54a. Accordingly, the fine particles 16 (charge 18 is added) that have entered the hollow portion 40 are attracted to the first positive electrode 56a by the generated first electric field 58A, and are applied to the measurement electrode 26 installed in the middle thereof. Adhere to.
- the magnitude of the potential applied to 54a is preferably set according to the following conditions (a) and (b).
- A The large fine particles 16 having a particle diameter (mass median diameter or particle number median diameter) of 2.5 ⁇ m or more are directly discharged to the outside through the gas discharge part 46 and the gas discharge port 42.
- B Small particles 16 having a particle diameter (mass median diameter or particle number median diameter) of less than 2.5 ⁇ m are adhered to the measurement electrode 26.
- a series circuit 64 of a capacitor 60 and a resistor 62 is connected to the measurement electrode 26, and the switch 34 described above is connected between the series circuit 64 and the current measuring unit 30.
- the switch 34 for example, a semiconductor switch can be preferably employed.
- the current I based on the charge 18 added to the fine particles 16 attached to the measurement electrode 26 is converted into a series circuit. This is transmitted to the current measuring unit 30 as a transient response via 64.
- the current measuring unit 30 can use a normal ammeter. For example, a method of measuring the current value from the voltage across the internal resistor connected in series with the series circuit 64, a method using a shunt, and the like can be mentioned.
- the number calculating means 32 integrates (accumulates) the current value from the current measuring unit 30 over a period during which the switch 34 is on (on period) to obtain an integrated value (accumulated charge amount) of the current value. .
- the number of fine particles 16 attached to the measurement electrode 26 over a certain time for example, 5 to 15 seconds
- the number calculating means 32 repeats and accumulates the calculation for calculating the number of the fine particles 16 in a predetermined time over a predetermined period (for example, 1 to 5 minutes), so that the fine particles 16 attached to the measurement electrode 26 over the predetermined period. Can be calculated.
- a minute current can be measured by increasing the time constant using a resistor having a large resistance value.
- the first number measuring device 10A includes a heater 66 for heating a portion for collecting electric charges (for example, the measurement electrode 26).
- the effects of the heater 66 are as follows.
- the large fine particles 16 having a particle diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m or more are discharged to the outside, but the fine particles 16 having a particle diameter of less than 2.5 ⁇ m entering the hollow portion 40 are measured by the first electric field 58A. Therefore, it adheres to the measurement electrode 26 without being discharged outside. Therefore, by regularly heating the measurement electrode 26 with the heater 66, the fine particles 16 attached to the measurement electrode 26 can be easily removed.
- the first number measuring instrument 10A has a size such that the heights hi and ho of the gas introduction part 44 and the gas discharge part 46 are 200 ⁇ m to several cm, and the height hc of the hollow part 40 is 200 ⁇ m to several cm.
- the charge 18 is added to the fine particles 16 in the gas 14 to be measured introduced into the housing 12 by using the small space, and the fine particles 16 that have entered the hollow portion 40 are further measured by the first electric field 58A. Therefore, the number of the fine particles 16 attached to the measurement electrode 26 can be easily detected by electrically connecting the measurement electrode 26 and the current measuring unit 30 with the switch 34. And since size reduction and weight reduction can be accelerated
- a particle number measuring device (hereinafter referred to as a second number measuring device 10B) according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the second number measuring device 10B has substantially the same configuration as the first number measuring device 10A described above, but as shown in FIG. 2, the second charge collecting device collects the charges 18 that have not been added to the fine particles 16. It differs in that it has means 22B.
- the second charge collection unit 22B includes a second electric field generation unit 28B and a collection electrode 70.
- the second electric field generating means 28B includes a second negative electrode 54b disposed in the vicinity of the gas introduction portion 44 in the hollow portion 40, and a second positive electrode 56b disposed to face the second negative electrode 54b.
- Have The collection electrode 70 is disposed between the second negative electrode 54b and the second positive electrode 56b and in the vicinity of the second positive electrode 56b.
- a second negative potential ⁇ V2 is applied to the second negative electrode 54b, and a ground potential Vss is applied to the second positive electrode 56b.
- the absolute value of the second negative potential ⁇ V2 is one or more orders of magnitude smaller than the absolute value of the first negative potential ⁇ V1 applied to the first negative electrode 54a of the first electric field generating means 28A in the first charge collecting means 22A. .
- a weak second electric field 58B is generated from the second positive electrode 56b toward the second negative electrode 54b. Therefore, among the charges 18 generated by the corona discharge in the charge adding means 20, the charges 18 that are not added to the fine particles 16 are attracted to the second positive electrode 56b by the generated weak second electric field 58B. It is thrown away by GND through the collecting electrode 70 installed in the middle.
- the relative length of the hollow portion 40 and various electrodes that is, the relative length along the direction from the gas inlet 38 to the gas outlet 42 will be described.
- the length La of the hollow portion 40 is 100
- the length Lb of the first negative electrode 54a and the first positive electrode 56a is 28 to 34
- the length Lc of the measurement electrode 26 is 74 to 78
- the second negative electrode The length Ld of the electrode 54b and the second positive electrode 56b is 5 to 10
- the length Le of the collecting electrode 70 is 5 to 10.
- the separation distance Db between the second negative electrode 54b and the first negative electrode 54a is 28 to 34
- the distance Dc from the gas discharge port side end of the first negative electrode 54a to the gas discharge port 42 is 28 to 34.
- the distance Dd between the collector electrode 70 and the measurement electrode 26 is 2-5.
- the unnecessary charge 18 that has not been added to the fine particles 16 hardly reaches the measurement electrode 26. Further, the fine particles 16 to which the charge 18 is added are not attached to the collecting electrode 70.
- the second number measuring device 10B also has the same operations and effects as the first number measuring device 10A described above.
- unnecessary charge 18 that has not been added to the fine particles 16 is almost eliminated from the GND via the collection electrode 70 without reaching the measurement electrode 26. Detection errors due to the electric charges 18 can be reduced, and detection accuracy can be improved.
- the measurement electrode 26 has a length that is more than twice as long as the first negative electrode 54a and the first positive electrode 56a, the fine particles 16 having a particle diameter of less than 2.5 ⁇ m and various particle diameters are attached. can do.
- first electric field generating means 28A in the first charge collecting means 22A is installed, but a plurality of first electric field generating means 28A may be installed.
- a particle number measuring device (hereinafter referred to as a third number measuring device 10C) according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG.
- the third number measuring device 10C indirectly measures the number of the fine particles 16 by measuring the number of the electric charges 18 that are not added to the fine particles 16.
- the third number measuring device 10C has substantially the same configuration as the first number measuring device 10A described above, but instead of the first charge collecting means 22A, as shown in FIGS. And the third charge collecting means 22C.
- the third charge collecting unit 22C includes a measurement electrode 26 installed in the housing 12 and a third electric field generating unit 28C that generates an electric field in the housing 12, and the charge that has not been added to the fine particles 16. 18 is attached to the measuring electrode 26 by the electric field. That is, the charge 18 that has not been added to the fine particles 16 is collected by the measurement electrode 26.
- the third electric field generating means 28C includes a third negative electrode 54c disposed in the vicinity of the gas discharge portion 46 in the hollow portion 40, and a third positive electrode 56c disposed opposite to the third negative electrode 54c.
- the measurement electrode 26 is disposed between the third negative electrode 54c and the third positive electrode 56c and in the vicinity of the third positive electrode 56c.
- the measurement electrode 26 is formed from the vicinity of the gas introduction part 44 of the hollow part 40 to the vicinity of the gas discharge part 46.
- the third negative potential ⁇ V3 is applied to the third negative electrode 54c, and the ground potential Vss is applied to the third positive electrode 56c.
- the absolute value of the third negative potential ⁇ V3 is about 1/5 to 1/20 of the absolute value of the first negative potential ⁇ V1 applied to the first negative electrode 54a of the first charge collection means 22A.
- the relationship between the heights hc and ho of the hollow portion 40 and the gas discharge portion 46 may be hc ⁇ ho or hc ⁇ ho.
- the heights hc and ho are preferably substantially the same. Almost the same means the range of
- the third number counter 10C is operated in an environment (for example, a clean room) in which the fine particles 16 hardly exist. That is, ⁇ V3 is applied to the third negative electrode 54c. As a result, a third electric field 58C is generated from the third positive electrode 56c toward the third negative electrode 54c. The intensity of the third electric field 58C is lower than the intensity of the first electric field 58A. At this time, the electric charge 18 generated by the corona discharge in the electric charge adding means 20 is attracted to the third positive electrode 56c by the generated third electric field 58C and collected by the measurement electrode 26 installed in the middle thereof. Is done. When the switch 34 is turned on, the current I based on the electric charge 18 collected by the measurement electrode 26 is transmitted to the current measurement unit 30 as a transient response via the series circuit 64.
- ⁇ V3 is applied to the third negative electrode 54c.
- a third electric field 58C is generated from the third positive electrode 56c toward the third negative electrode 54c.
- the number calculating means 32 integrates (accumulates) the current value from the current measuring unit 30 every predetermined time (for example, 5 to 15 seconds) over a period during which the switch 34 is on (on period), and outputs the constant time.
- the integral value (accumulated charge amount) of each current value is obtained.
- the change in the number of charges per fixed time is plotted, and the number of charges at the stage where the number of charges reaches the maximum is defined as the number of charges when there is no pseudo fine particle.
- a gas 14 to be measured including fine particles 16 is introduced into the housing 12 of the third number counting device 10C.
- Some of the charges 18 generated by the corona discharge in the charge adding means 20 are added to the fine particles 16 included in the gas 14 to be measured, and together with the fine particles 16 toward the gas discharge portion 46 through the hollow portion 40. move on.
- the fine particles 16 entering the hollow portion 40 are attracted to the third positive electrode 56c by the generated third electric field 58C.
- the third positive electrode 56c is installed in the vicinity of the gas discharge portion 46, and its length Lg (see FIG. 3) is as short as 1/20 to 1/10 of the length La of the hollow portion 40.
- the flow path (trajectory) of the fine particles 16 starts to change due to the third electric field 58C just before reaching the gas discharge unit 46.
- the third electric field 58C acts to greatly change the path of the electric charge 18, but since it is lower than the intensity of the first electric field 58A, the path of the fine particles 16 is not greatly changed. For this reason, the fine particles 16 are not collected by the measurement electrode 26 but proceed directly toward the gas discharge part 46. As described above, since the electric charge 18 added to the fine particles 16 is discharged to the outside together with the fine particles 16, it is not collected by the measurement electrode 26. That is, when the measurement gas 14 is introduced, the number of charges 18 collected by the measurement electrode 26 is considered to be reduced by an amount corresponding to the number of the fine particles 16 than when the measurement gas 14 is not introduced. it can.
- the number of fine particles 16 in the certain time is obtained. be able to.
- a warning may be issued when the number of the fine particles 16 for a certain period of time reaches a predetermined value, for example, a preset 0 regulation value or more.
- a predetermined value for example, a preset 0 regulation value or more.
- a warning may be issued when the number of charges 18 in a certain period of time decreases in excess of a preset threshold value.
- the threshold value for example, a value obtained by subtracting the restriction value from the maximum value of the number of charges described above can be employed.
- the means 72 in order to prevent the fine particles 16 having a predetermined particle diameter or more from being introduced into the casing 12, for example, the means 72 (in FIG. It is preferable to install (shown with a dotted line).
- the means 72 for example, a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) or the like can be used.
- the number of fine particles 16 having a particle diameter of, for example, 2.5 ⁇ m or less can be measured every predetermined time (for example, 5 to 15 seconds).
- the fine particle number measuring device and the fine particle number measuring method according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various configurations can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
(b) 粒子径(質量中央径又は粒子数中央径)が2.5μm未満の小さな微粒子16を測定電極26に付着させる。
I=dq/(dt)
q=∫Idt
である。
(b) 定期的に、筐体内に溜まった微粒子(例えば煤)を燃やすことにより、リフレッシュする。
Claims (18)
- セラミックにて構成された筐体(12)と、
前記筐体(12)内に導入された被測定ガス(14)中の微粒子(16)に電荷(18)を付加する電荷付加手段(20)と、
前記微粒子(16)に付加された電荷(18)を捕集する電荷捕集手段(22A)と、
捕集された電荷(18)の量に基づいて微粒子(16)の個数を測定する個数測定手段(24)とを有することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項1記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷(18)を捕集する部分を加熱するヒータ(66)を有することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項1又は2記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷捕集手段(22A)と前記個数測定手段(24)とを一定時間毎に電気的に接続するスイッチ(34)を有し、
前記個数測定手段(24)は、前記捕集された電荷(18)の量に基づく電流を測定することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項3記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷捕集手段(22A)にコンデンサ(60)と抵抗(62)の直列回路(64)が接続され、
前記スイッチ(34)によって前記電荷捕集手段(22A)と前記個数測定手段(24)とが電気的に接続されたとき、前記電荷捕集手段(22A)に捕集された電荷(18)に基づく電流の発生が前記直列回路(64)を介して過渡応答として前記個数測定手段(24)に伝達することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷捕集手段(22A)は、前記筐体(12)内に設置された測定電極(26)と、前記筐体(12)内で電界(58A)を発生する少なくとも1つの電界発生手段(28A)とを有し、前記微粒子(16)に付加した電荷(18)を前記電界(58A)によって前記測定電極(26)に捕集することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項5記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷捕集手段(22A)の前記電界発生手段(28A)は、前記筐体(12)内における微粒子(16)の導入部(44)よりも奥行側に設置された負極電極(54a)と、該負極電極(54a)と対向して設置された正極電極(56a)とを有し、
前記電荷捕集手段(22A)の前記測定電極(26)は、前記負極電極(54a)と前記正極電極(56a)との間であって、且つ、前記正極電極(56a)の近傍に設置されていることを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷付加手段(20)は、前記筐体(12)内における微粒子(16)の導入部(44)に向けて設置された針状電極(48)と、前記針状電極(48)の先端に対向して設置された対向電極(50)とを有し、
前記針状電極(48)と前記対向電極(50)との間に、前記針状電極(48)と前記対向電極(50)間の電位差によるコロナ放電を発生することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
少なくとも1つの電界発生手段(28B)を有し、前記微粒子(16)に付加しなかった電荷(18)を捕集する第2の電荷捕集手段(22B)を有することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - セラミックにて構成された筐体(12)と、
前記筐体(12)内に導入された被測定ガス(14)中の微粒子(16)に電荷(18)を付加する電荷付加手段(20)と、
前記微粒子(16)に付加されなかった電荷(18)のみを捕集する電荷捕集手段(22C)と、
捕集された電荷(18)の量に基づいて微粒子(16)の個数を測定する個数測定手段(24)とを有することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項9記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷(18)を捕集する部分を加熱するヒータ(66)を有することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項9又は10記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷捕集手段(22C)と前記個数測定手段(24)とを電気的に接続するスイッチ(34)を有し、
前記個数測定手段(24)は、前記捕集された電荷(18)の量に基づく電流を測定することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項11記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷捕集手段(22C)にコンデンサ(60)と抵抗(62)の直列回路(64)が接続され、
前記スイッチ(34)によって前記電荷捕集手段(22C)と前記個数測定手段(24)とが電気的に接続されたとき、前記電荷捕集手段(22C)に捕集された電荷(18)に基づく電流の発生が前記直列回路(64)を介して過渡応答として前記個数測定手段(24)に伝達することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項9~12のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷捕集手段(22C)は、前記筐体(12)内に設置された測定電極(26)と、前記筐体(12)内で電界(58C)を発生する少なくとも1つの電界発生手段(28C)とを有し、前記微粒子(16)に付加されなかった電荷(18)のみを前記電界(58C)によって前記測定電極(26)に捕集することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項13記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷捕集手段(22C)の前記電界発生手段(28C)は、前記筐体(12)内における微粒子(16)の導入部(44)よりも奥行側に設置された負極電極(54c)と、該負極電極(54c)と対向して設置された正極電極(56c)とを有し、
前記電荷捕集手段(22C)の前記測定電極(26)は、前記負極電極(54c)と前記正極電極(56c)との間であって、且つ、前記正極電極(56c)の近傍に設置されていることを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項9~14のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記電荷付加手段(20)は、前記筐体(12)内における微粒子(16)の導入部(44)に向けて設置された針状電極(48)と、前記針状電極(48)の先端に対向して設置された対向電極(50)とを有し、
前記針状電極(48)と前記対向電極(50)との間に、前記針状電極(48)と前記対向電極(50)間の電位差によるコロナ放電を発生することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - 請求項9~15のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子の個数計測器において、
前記微粒子(16)の導入部分に設置され、所定の大きさよりも大きい微粒子(16)を取り除く手段(72)を有することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測器。 - セラミックにて構成された筐体(12)内に導入された被測定ガス(14)中の微粒子(16)に電荷(18)を付加するステップと、
前記微粒子(16)に付加された電荷(18)を捕集するステップと、
捕集された電荷(18)の量に基づいて微粒子(16)の個数を測定するステップとを有することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測方法。 - セラミックにて構成された筐体(12)内に導入された被測定ガス(14)中の微粒子(16)に電荷(18)を付加するステップと、
前記微粒子(16)に付加されなかった電荷(18)のみを捕集するステップと、
捕集された電荷(18)の量に基づいて微粒子(16)の個数を測定するステップとを有することを特徴とする微粒子の個数計測方法。
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DE112018002030T5 (de) | 2017-05-15 | 2020-01-16 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Partikelzähler |
DE112018004714T5 (de) | 2017-08-22 | 2020-06-10 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Partikelzähler |
WO2019039072A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-22 | 2019-02-28 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子数検出器 |
WO2019049236A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子検出素子及び微粒子検出器 |
WO2019049570A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子数検出器 |
WO2019049567A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子検出素子及び微粒子検出器 |
WO2019049568A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子検出素子及び微粒子検出器 |
DE112018004009T5 (de) | 2017-09-06 | 2020-04-23 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Teilchenerfassungselement und Teilchendetektor |
DE112018004010T5 (de) | 2017-09-06 | 2020-04-23 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Teilchenerfassungselement und Teilchendetektor |
WO2019049566A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子検出素子及び微粒子検出器 |
DE112018004042T5 (de) | 2017-09-06 | 2020-08-06 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Teilchenerfassungselement und teilchendetektor |
JP6420525B1 (ja) * | 2017-09-06 | 2018-11-07 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子検出素子及び微粒子検出器 |
WO2019155920A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-15 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子検出器 |
WO2019239588A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子数検出器 |
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JPWO2015146456A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
JP6505082B2 (ja) | 2019-04-24 |
US20170010202A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
US10488316B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
CN106133501A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
EP3124951A4 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
EP3124951A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
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