WO2015144548A1 - Hydrierkatalysator und verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Hydrierkatalysator und verfahren zu dessen herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015144548A1 WO2015144548A1 PCT/EP2015/055758 EP2015055758W WO2015144548A1 WO 2015144548 A1 WO2015144548 A1 WO 2015144548A1 EP 2015055758 W EP2015055758 W EP 2015055758W WO 2015144548 A1 WO2015144548 A1 WO 2015144548A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- carbonate
- range
- solution
- catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 carbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- DDISVBZQSSOXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper carbonate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cu++].[O-]C([O-])=O DDISVBZQSSOXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007126 N-alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HSYFJDYGOJKZCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;sulfite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])=O HSYFJDYGOJKZCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- VSSNNBRSSILWTH-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;carbonate;sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VSSNNBRSSILWTH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940043825 zinc carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001939 zinc chloride Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper chromite Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Cu]=O.O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940001593 sodium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPQREHKVAOVYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;tricarbonate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O PPQREHKVAOVYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- POFFJVRXOKDESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,7-tetraoxa-4-silaspiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-dione Chemical compound O1C(=O)O[Si]21OC(=O)O2 POFFJVRXOKDESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002535 CuZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940118662 aluminum carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbonate Chemical class N.N.OC(O)=O PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011162 ammonium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical class O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium nitrate Inorganic materials [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XHFVDZNDZCNTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(3+);tricarbonate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O XHFVDZNDZCNTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu] HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous carbonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C([O-])=O RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZDSWLXAULJYPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mo+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O CZDSWLXAULJYPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FCBBRODPXVPZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CCCC FCBBRODPXVPZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000026 rubidium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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- B01J37/04—Mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a Cu-Zn catalyst molded body via a carbonate-containing precursor, as well as the catalysts obtainable by this process.
- Catalyst is suitable for the hydrogenation of organic
- Dicarboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride (MSA) or esters of diacids to di-alcohols, such as butanediol.
- MSA maleic anhydride
- esters of diacids to di-alcohols such as butanediol.
- Carbonyl compounds in particular of carboxylic acids or
- Ni, Cu, Co or noble metal-containing catalysts are used. These can be used as unsupported catalysts (e.g., Raney catalysts) or as supported catalysts.
- Patent DE 43 45 265 and DE 43 35 360 describe shaped Raney catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu and Fe. These are used for the hydrogenation of organic compounds.
- the disadvantage of these catalysts is the addition of metal powder as a binder, wherein the added metal powder is less catalytically active compared to the Raney metal.
- the preparation of shaped Raney catalysts without the addition of binders is described in EP 880 996. These catalysts are used for the hydrogenation of nitriles.
- a metal-aluminum alloy present as a powder is mixed with a high molecular weight polymer and optionally promoters and then shaped into shaped bodies.
- the moldings are calcined at temperatures up to 850 ° C, resulting in the controlled decomposition of the polymer and the formation of a fixed bed catalyst with sufficient
- the core of the catalyst continues to consist of the used
- Metal-aluminum alloy serves as a support for the activated outer layer of the catalyst. This leaves a significant portion of the relatively expensive alloys unused.
- US 4,666,879 describes an extruded copper chromite-alumina catalyst prepared by mixing 40 to 82 weight percent copper chromite and 18 to 60 weight percent alumina.
- the AI2O3 is typically used in the form of pseudoboehmite or hydroxy boehmite.
- the extruded catalyst after calcination is for liquid and gas phase hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of various
- Catalysts are typically between 125 and 225 m 2 / g.
- US Pat. No. 4,762,817 describes a catalyst for the hydrogenation of aldehydes which consists essentially of a mixture of copper and zinc oxide.
- An improvement in selectivity could be achieved by impregnation with alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, lithium or cesium, in combination with a transition metal such as nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof.
- the catalyst contains copper, aluminum and another metal such as magnesium, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tin, nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof and is subjected to reduction prior to its use.
- the temperature during the reduction is increased stepwise to a final temperature of 150 ° C to 250 ° C.
- Aldehydes to alcohols with Cu and Ni-containing catalysts Aldehydes to alcohols with Cu and Ni-containing catalysts.
- the first stage of the hydrogenation is carried out with a granular, alkaline copper catalyst.
- the second stage of the hydrogenation is carried out with a granular, alkaline copper catalyst.
- a supported nickel-containing catalyst is used, the support material having acidic centers of a certain acid strength.
- a copper chromite catalyst consisting of a mixture containing about 20 to 80% by weight of copper chromite and about 20 to 80% by weight of an extrudable inorganic binder.
- the catalyst has a specific surface area of about 20 to 225 m 2 / g, and the total pore volume of the pores in the catalyst is 0.35 to 1 cm-Vg.
- this document describes a method of making a shaped copper chromite catalyst by forming an extrudable mixture, extruding the mixture, and calcining the extrudate.
- the catalysts are used for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and
- a hydrogenation catalyst comprising oxides of a first metal, copper or zinc, and a second metal, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium, and optionally an oxide of a promoter, such as manganese, barium, zinc, nickel, Cobalt, cadmium or iron.
- the hydrogenation catalyst is present as a powder whose mean particle diameter is about 6 to 20 ⁇ , and whose surface is about 20 to 70 m ⁇ / g.
- the catalysts are prepared by precipitation of the metal salts with a base.
- Hydrogenation catalysts are used for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid esters.
- WO 92/04119 describes copper-manganese catalysts for the hydrogenation of fatty acids and their esters.
- an aqueous solution of Cu (II) and Mn (II) salts is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, whereby a precipitate of Cu and Mn hydroxide is formed.
- This precipitate is then calcined as a powder or in tableted form.
- the resulting catalysts have a BET surface area of about 3 to 45 m ⁇ / g.
- WO 02/47818 describes Cu-oxide-containing catalysts for the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride and its derivatives.
- Pore formers are used in particular graphite and ammonium nitrate, which are added to the catalyst powder before tableting.
- the catalysts in whose production only graphite was used as a pore-forming agent, had a pore volume of less than 0.2 cm-Vg.
- WO 97/34694 describes copper oxide / alumina hydrogenation catalysts obtained by precipitation of aqueous solutions of Copper nitrate and sodium aluminate be prepared with sodium carbonate. The material obtained is calcined after drying at about 400 ° C to 700 ° C, and then with the addition of
- the tablets have a pore volume of 0.2 to 0.6 ml / g and a bimodal pore radius distribution with a first maximum at about 10 nm and a second maximum at about 50 to at most 200 nm.
- the conversion of a catalytically conducted reaction is determined inter alia by the activity of a catalyst, which in turn is influenced inter alia by the size of the so-called “metal surface” of the catalyst.
- Metal surface is generally understood as the accessible surface of the active component of the catalyst.
- the catalyst is generally before the actual use by reduction of an oxidic precursor of the active component in the catalytically active
- a high Cu metal surface is associated with high activity. As a rule, temperature treatments always lead to a more or less pronounced sintering of the
- Sintering reduces the accessible surface area of the active component of the catalyst. Since the reduction of the catalyst usually takes place at elevated temperature, a suitable temperature control must be observed in order to keep the sintering effects as low as possible.
- the invention relates to a process for producing a tabletted shaped catalyst body, comprising the following steps:
- Metal carbonate mixture having a carbonate content in the range of 2.7 to 14.0 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 12.5 wt .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 3.2 to 12.0 wt. %, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 8.0 wt .-% and
- step (b) tableting the thermally obtained in step (a)
- Precipitate 2 is a copper carbonate-containing precipitate, obtainable by combining a solution C with a solution D,
- Precipitate 3 is a zinc carbonate-containing precipitate, obtainable by combining a solution E with a solution F,
- Precipitate 4 is a precipitate containing at least one metal carbonate other than copper carbonate and zinc carbonate, obtainable by combining at least one solution G with at least one solution H;
- Solution A is obtainable by adding a copper compound, a zinc compound and optionally one or more others
- Metal compounds in a solvent, in particular water, optionally with the aid of an acid or base, are dissolved,
- Solvent especially water, is dissolved
- Solution C is obtainable by dissolving a copper compound in a solvent, especially water, optionally with the aid of an acid or base,
- - Solution E is obtainable by adding a zinc compound in a solvent, in particular water, optionally under
- - Solution G is obtainable by dissolving a metal compound, which is not a copper or zinc compound, in a solvent, in particular water, optionally with the aid of an acid or base.
- the carbonate content, in particular of the metal carbonate mixture is preferably determined according to DIN ISO 10693.
- the invention relates to Cu-Zn catalysts which can be prepared by the inventive method.
- the invention relates to the use of
- Cu-Zn catalysts according to the invention for the hydrogenation of organic compounds, in particular of compounds containing a carbonyl function are particularly useful for the hydrogenation of organic compounds, in particular of compounds containing a carbonyl function.
- the process according to the invention for producing a tabletted shaped catalyst body comprises the following steps:
- Metal carbonate mixture having a carbonate content, determined by DIN ISO 10693, in the range of 2.7 to 14.0 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 12.5 wt .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 3.2 to 12.0 wt .-%, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 8.0 wt .-% and
- step (b) tableting the thermally obtained in step (a)
- the metal carbonate mixture becomes
- Solution A is prepared by adding a copper compound, a
- Zinc compound and optionally one or more others
- Metal compounds that are not copper or zinc compounds are dissolved in a container in a suitable solvent.
- a copper compound, a zinc compound, and optionally one or more other metal compounds which are not copper or zinc compounds may be dissolved in a plurality of containers and the solutions obtainable therefrom combined into a solution A.
- Solution B is prepared by adding a
- Carbonate compound is dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- Precipitate 1 is a copper carbonate-containing, zinc carbonate-containing and optionally one of copper carbonate and
- the metal carbonate mixture is prepared by mixing a precipitate 2, a
- Precipitate 3 and optionally one or more
- Precipitates 4 wherein the precipitates are dried prior to mixing and / or after mixing by heating to a temperature in the range of 75 ° C to 130 ° C.
- Precipitate 2 is a copper carbonate-containing precipitate and is prepared by combining a solution C with a solution D.
- Precipitate 3 is a zinc carbonate-containing
- Precipitate 4 is a precipitate containing at least one metal carbonate other than copper carbonate and zinc carbonate, and is prepared by combining at least one solution G with at least one solution H.
- Solution C is prepared by dissolving a copper compound in a suitable solvent.
- Solution E is prepared by dissolving a zinc compound in a suitable solvent.
- Solution G is prepared by adding a metal compound, the no copper or zinc compound is dissolved in a solvent.
- the formulation solution in the sense of the present invention includes both solutions and suspensions and slurries, with solutions being preferred.
- the solvent is water.
- An acid or base may be added to the water to help dissolve the compounds.
- the water may have a neutral pH of about 7, an acidic pH of about 0 to less than 7, or a basic pH of greater than about 7 to about 14.
- a pH value suitable for dissolving the compounds is chosen as a function of the compound to be dissolved.
- the water has a pH in the range of 4 to 10, preferably 5 to 9.
- copper compounds and zinc compounds it is possible in principle to use both copper and zinc in metallic form and preferably all compounds of copper and zinc which are readily soluble in water, acids or alkalis, in particular the salts of the metals mentioned, especially their nitrates, carbonates, oxides, hydroxides,
- Hydrocarbonates whose halides, such as chlorides, bromides, and / or iodides, and / or their sulfates are used.
- oxides of metals such as copper oxide and / or zinc oxide to
- aqueous solutions Preparation of the aqueous solutions are used, then these are preferably partially or completely dissolved by adding a suitable mineral acid.
- the copper in copper oxide may be in one or more different oxidation states, such as
- the mineral acid is preferably selected from HNO3, HCl, H2SO4 and mixtures thereof. If the metals themselves, ie copper and / or zinc, for the preparation of the aqueous solution (s),
- Suspension (s) or slurry (s) are used, then these are preferably partially or completely dissolved by adding suitable acids or alkalis.
- suitable acids or alkalis The dissolution of the metals can be carried out, for example, in inorganic acids or alkalis.
- Preferred copper compounds are copper oxide (CU2O and / or CuO), copper nitrate, copper chloride, copper carbonate,
- Copper acetate and copper sulfate, in particular copper nitrate are particularly useful in the following processes: Copper acetate and copper sulfate, in particular copper nitrate.
- copper metal can be dissolved in oxidizing acids such as nitric acid (HNO3).
- HNO3 nitric acid
- Preferred zinc compounds are zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate,
- Zinc chloride, zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxide, zinc sulfite, zinc acetate and zinc phosphate are dissolved.
- acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or nitric acid (HN0 3 ), or in alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide solution (KOH), are dissolved.
- Zinc compounds are, are preferably selected from
- Particularly preferred metal compounds are the compounds of aluminum, manganese, cerium and zirconium and mixtures thereof.
- Very particularly preferred metal compounds are the compounds of zirconium and aluminum.
- Zinc compound may also include such metal compounds containing in addition to the metals mentioned copper and / or zinc.
- metal compounds other than copper or zinc compounds may also be metal compound compounds such as
- Metal complex compounds which in addition to one or more of the above-mentioned metals copper and / or zinc
- metal compounds that are not copper or zinc compounds are substantially free of copper and zinc compounds.
- transition metal compounds in principle all in water, Acids or alkalis readily soluble compounds of aluminum, silicon, titanium, manganese, nickel, chromium, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, calcium, barium, cerium and / or zirconium, especially the salts of these metals are used.
- the transition metals may also be used in metallic form.
- the transition metals may also be used in metallic form.
- the carbonate-containing solutions B, D, F and H are prepared by dissolving a carbonate compound in a suitable solvent.
- the solvent is water.
- An acid or base may be added to the water to dissolve the
- the water may have a neutral pH of about 7, an acidic pH of about 5 to less than 7, or a basic pH of greater than about 7 to about 13.
- the water used to dissolve the carbonate has a pH in the range of 5 to 11, more preferably in the range of 6 to 9, and in particular has a neutral pH of about 7.
- Solutions B, D, F and G may be the same or different from each other.
- the solutions may have the same or different concentrations of one or more different carbonates and / or be present at the same or different pH values.
- the carbonate compound is preferably selected from the
- alkali metal carbonates such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium carbonate
- alkaline earth carbonates such as magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
- Hydrogen carbonates or any mixtures of carbonates and bicarbonates can be used.
- Preferred alkali metal carbonates are sodium and potassium carbonate, especially sodium carbonate.
- Preferred alkali metal bicarbonates are sodium and potassium bicarbonate, in particular
- Sodium bicarbonate Particularly preferred is the use of sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate.
- a precipitate is formed.
- a metal-containing solution such as solution A, solution C, solution E, or solution G
- a carbonate-containing solution such as solution B, solution D, solution F, or solution H
- a precipitate 1 is formed.
- a precipitate 2 is formed.
- a precipitate 3 is formed by combining a solution G and a solution H a
- combining may be accomplished by using the above-mentioned solution pairs (such as solution A and
- Solution B Solution B; Solution C and solution D; Solution E and solution F; or
- Solution G and solution H are simultaneously added to a common container, such as a precipitation container.
- the two solutions are preferably introduced continuously into the reaction volume of a precipitation mixer.
- the combining can also be carried out by adding a solution of the respective solution pair (such as solution A or solution B) to the associated other solution of the present invention, for example in a container such as a precipitation container
- the carbonate-containing solutions B, D, F and H are preferably heated to a temperature of 20 ° C or more, such as a temperature in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C, especially about 80 ° C, before combining, heated and stirred.
- metal-containing solution such as solution A
- carbonate-containing solution such as solution B
- Solution E and solution F; or solution G and solution H) forms a precipitate in the mixture (hereinafter also referred to as
- precipitate-containing solution mixture The combining of the solutions is usually carried out in a stirred container.
- the container is preferably equipped with a slanted blade stirrer,
- the precipitate-containing solution mixture is preferably maintained at a temperature of 20 ° C or more, and more preferably at a temperature in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably at about 80 ° C.
- the precipitate-containing solution mixture is at a temperature in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably at a temperature of about 80 ° C for at least 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 36 hours, in particular about 2 hours. held to the If necessary, to complete precipitation or to increase the crystallinity of the precipitate by aging.
- the pH of the precipitate-containing solution mixture is usually kept constant by methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- the metered addition rate of solutions can be chosen so that a certain pH in the
- the pH of the precipitate-containing solution mixture is in the range of 5.0 to 8.5, more preferably in the range of 6.0 to 7.5, preferably about 6.8.
- the precipitate (ie precipitation 1, precipitation 2,
- Precipitate 3, precipitate 4, etc. is preferably separated by filtration.
- the precipitate may be separated by decanting or centrifuging.
- the separated precipitate may be subjected to one or more washes. It can the
- the separated precipitate may be slurried by filtration, decanting or centrifuging in a container and then re-slurried with a
- Filter press a centrifuge or a decanter to be separated from the liquid phase. This process is usually one or more times until reaching a specific one
- the conductivity of the filtrate performed usually correlates with the concentration of sodium ions.
- the conductivity of the filtrate of the last washing operation is preferably 0.5 mS / cm or less, more preferably 0.2 mS / cm or less.
- the conductivity is determined according to DIN 38404, Part 8.
- the separated and optionally washed precipitate is then subjected to drying.
- the drying takes place by heating the precipitate to a temperature in the range of 75 ° C to 130 ° C, preferably in a range of 90 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the drying can be done for example by spray drying.
- a suspension having a solids content of 10 to 40% by weight is prepared from the separated precipitate, such as a filter cake, with water. This suspension will
- the temperature in the spray dryer during drying is preferably in a range of 75 ° C to 130 ° C, in particular in a range of 90 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the characteristic for the drying outlet temperature is preferably in the range of 90 ° C to 120 ° C and is usually by
- Solids content of the suspension (and thus the amount of water that must be evaporated) or controlled temperature in the spray dryer.
- the treatment of the material with the spray dryer results in particular in a dry powder.
- precipitates 2, 3 and 4 obtained as described above are first separated, optionally washed and subjected to drying by heating to a temperature in the range of 75 ° C to 130 ° C. The separation, optionally washing and drying is carried out as described above. Subsequently, the mixing of a precipitate 2, a precipitate 3 and
- the mixing can be carried out, for example, with the aid of a bar or propeller stirrer.
- the separated precipitates may be mixed prior to drying. These are the received precipitates 2, 3 and 4, first, as described above, separated, optionally washed and with the aid of a
- the metal carbonate mixture (i) or (ii) preferably has (after drying by heating to a temperature in the range of 75 ° C to 130 ° C) a carbonate content of up to 20 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 10 to 18 wt. -% on.
- the carbonates contained in the metal carbonate mixture are in the case of copper carbonate
- the metal carbonate mixture (i) or (ii) is subjected to a thermal treatment in a step (a) until a carbonate content, determined in accordance with DIN ISO 10693, in the range of 2.7 to 14.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 3 , 0 to 12.5 wt%, more preferably in the range of 3.2 to 12.0 wt%, even more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 8.0 wt%.
- the temperature during the thermal treatment is the same.
- the thermal treatment can be carried out under air or inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen, under oxygen or
- the thermal treatment may be discontinuous, e.g. in a rack oven or
- the duration of the thermal treatment is preferably from 5 minutes to 10 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 6 hours, in particular from 1.5 hours to 5 hours.
- the thermal treatment is preferably from 5 minutes to 10 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 6 hours, in particular from 1.5 hours to 5 hours.
- treated metal carbonate mixture preferably has 5 wt .-% or less, preferably 0.1 to 4.0 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 3.0 wt .-% of aluminum, based on the total weight of the thermally treated metal carbonate mixture.
- the tableting is preferably carried out with a tablet press, such as a Korsch tablet press.
- a tablet press such as a Korsch tablet press.
- tabletting tablets with a diameter of about 1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1.5 to 8 mm and particularly preferably from 3 to 5 mm and a height of about 1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1.5 to 8 mm and particularly preferably from 3 to 5 mm are obtained.
- tablets having a lateral compressive strength, measured according to DIN EN 1094-5, of 40 to 250 N, preferably 50 to 160 N, particularly preferably 60 to 120 N prepared.
- the tablets produced by the tabletting have a diameter in the range of 3 to 5 mm, a height in the range of 3 to 5 mm and a
- the tabletting is preferably carried out with the addition of
- Lubricants such as graphite, oils or stearates, preferably graphite.
- the obtained in step (a) is thermal
- step (b) the treated metal carbonate mixture with lubricants, in particular graphite, mixed, optionally compacted and / or granulated and then tabletted in step (b).
- lubricants in particular graphite
- the treated metal carbonate mixture with lubricants, in particular graphite mixed, optionally compacted and / or granulated and then tabletted in step (b).
- the lubricants in particular graphite
- Lubricant before tabletting in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the
- Lubricant in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably in an amount in the range of 1 to 4 wt .-%, added based on the total weight of the mass to be tableted.
- the shaped catalyst body is prepared by tableting a mixture of oxidic material and carbonate-containing material.
- the oxide material includes oxides of the metals used herein and / or
- Transition metals such as copper oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide,
- Each metal and / or transition metal can independently in
- the carbonate-containing material includes carbonates of the metals used herein and / or
- Transition metals such as copper carbonate, aluminum carbonate,
- various components such as oxides and / or carbonates also come from different manufacturing processes or have been prepared by various production routes or be, for example, commercially available raw materials.
- tabletted shaped catalyst bodies produced as follows:
- a copper compound, a zinc compound and optionally one or more other metal compounds which are not copper or zinc compounds are dissolved in water to obtain a solution A.
- a carbonate compound is dissolved in water to obtain a solution B.
- Solution A and solution B are absorbed Formation of a precipitate 1 united.
- solution A and solution B are combined by adding a volume flow of solution A to a
- solution B is metered.
- the precipitate 1 formed is separated, if necessary and dried by heating to a temperature of 75 ° C to 130 ° C, whereby a metal carbonate mixture (i) is obtained.
- the obtained metal carbonate mixture (i) becomes a
- thermally treated metal carbonate mixture is determined according to DIN ISO 10693 and is based on the total weight of the thermally treated metal carbonate mixture, preferably 2.7 to 14.0 wt .-%.
- the thermally treated metal carbonate mixture is then tableted to obtain a
- tabletted shaped catalyst body obtained in step (b) is reduced in a step (c).
- the reduction is preferably carried out by heating the
- the reducing atmosphere is hydrogen.
- the reduction is carried out for example at a temperature in the range of 150 ° C to 450 ° C, in particular in the range of 180 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably in the range of 190 ° C to 210 ° C, more preferably at about 200 ° C.
- the reduction takes place, for example, depending on the amount of catalyst to be reduced over a period of 1 hour (for
- 500 g) to 10 days for example, 60 tons
- Catalyst quantities on a production scale are preferably reduced over a period of 3 to 8 days.
- the reduction is carried out at a temperature in the range of 190 ° C to 210 °.
- the shaped catalyst bodies are stabilized wet or dry after the reduction.
- the moldings are covered with liquid in order to avoid contact with oxygen as much as possible. Suitable liquids
- organic liquids and water preferably organic liquids.
- Preferred organic liquids are those which have a vapor pressure of 0.5 hPa or less at 20 ° C.
- suitable organic liquids are iso-decanol, fatty alcohols, such as. B. Nafol® the company Sasol, hexadecane, 2-ethyl-hexanol, propylene glycol and mixtures thereof, in particular iso-decanol.
- the reduction reactor is a mixture of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas
- an inert gas such as argon or
- Mixture is preferably increased from about 0.04% by volume to about 21% by volume.
- a mixture of air and inert gas can be metered in, wherein the ratio of air to inert gas is initially about 0.2% by volume of air to 99.8% by volume of inert gas. The ratio of air to inert gas is then gradually increased (e.g., continuously or stepwise) until, for example, 100% by volume of air is metered in (which corresponds to an oxygen concentration of about 21% by volume).
- the reactor temperature is preferably 100 ° C or less, more preferably 20 ° C to 70 ° C, and particularly preferably 30 ° C to 50 ° C.
- the catalyst is "transportable" and can be used for
- step (c) In the event that the catalyst user performs step (c) in-situ in the reactor, stabilization is eliminated.
- the shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention or the shaped catalyst bodies obtainable by the process according to the invention contain, after the reduction, Cu (0) (that is copper in the
- Oxidation level 0 in particular in a proportion of 5 to 70
- the tabletted shaped catalyst body obtainable by the process according to the invention preferably has a pore volume in the
- Range of 0.1 to 0.6 cmVg preferably in the range of 0.13 to 0.40 cm Vg, more preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.25 cmVg on.
- the reduced shaped catalyst body obtainable by the process according to the invention preferably has a pore volume in the
- Range of 0.20 to 0.80 cmVg preferably in the range of 0.22 to 0.70 cmVg, more preferably in the range of 0.25 to 0.35 cmVg.
- Catalyst molding is to be determined, the measurement of the catalyst molding is preferably carried out in dry-stabilized form.
- Catalyst body according to the invention in reduced form before, and in dry stabilized form has a pore volume in the range of 0.20 to 0.80 cmVg, preferably in the range of 0.22 to 0.70 cmVg, more preferably in the range of 0.25 to 0 , 35 cmVg up.
- the catalyst molding obtainable by the process according to the invention before the reduction has a carbonate content in the range of 2.7 to 14.0 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 12.5 wt .-%, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2 to 12.0 wt .-%, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 8.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body.
- the present invention relates
- the invention relates to a tabletted CuZn catalyst shaped body which, in reduced and stabilized form, has a pore volume, measured by Hg intrusion method according to DIN 66133, in the range from 0.20 to 0.80 cmVg, preferably from 0.22 to 0.70 cmVg, particularly preferably from 0.25 to 0.35 cmVg.
- the present invention relates to a tabletted Cu-Zn-containing shaped catalyst body, its Cu metal surface in reduced form has a value in the range of 19 m ⁇ / g to 30 m ⁇ / g, preferably in the range of 21 m ⁇ / g to 28 m ⁇ / g, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body.
- the Cu metal surface area of the catalysts is determined by the principle of N20 pulse chemisorption, as described, for example, in GC Chinchen, CM Hay, HD Vandervell, KC Waugh, "The Measurement of Copper Surface Areas by Reactive Frontal Chromatography", Journal of Catalysis , Volume 103, Issue 1, January 1987, pages 79-86.
- the Cu metal surface results from the formed amount of 2, which can be determined by a thermal conductivity detector.
- the tabletted Cu-Zn-containing shaped catalyst body has a carbonate content in the range from 3.0 to 12.5% by weight and a reduced-metal Cu metal surface in the range from 19 m.sup.2 / g to 30 m.sup.2 / g on.
- the tabletted Cu-Zn-containing shaped catalyst body has a carbonate content in the range of 5.0 to 8.0 wt .-% and a Cu metal surface in reduced form in the range of 21 m ⁇ / g to 28 m ⁇ / g.
- the shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention are suitable for use in numerous reactions. Possible reactions include synthesis gas reactions, methanol syntheses, Fischer-Tropsch syntheses, pyridine synthesis, ester hydrogenolysis,
- esters in particular fatty acid esters
- Alcohol to the ketone dehydrogenation of alkanes (e.g., ethylbenzene or propane) to alkenes (e.g., styrene or propylene), dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes to aromatics, dehydrogenation of diols (e.g.
- alkanes e.g., ethylbenzene or propane
- alkenes e.g., styrene or propylene
- dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes to aromatics dehydrogenation of diols (e.g.
- Butanediol hydrogenation of an aldehyde, hydrogenation of an amide, hydrogenation of a fatty acid (eg by esterification and subsequent hydrogenolysis), selective hydrogenation of a fat, selective hydrogenation of an oil, hydrogenation of a nitroaromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogenation of a ketone, hydrogenation of
- Hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds in particular for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and / or their esters or di-carboxylic acids and / or their di-esters, very particularly preferably for the hydrogenation of fatty acid esters, in particular
- Fatty acid alkyl esters preferably fatty acid methyl esters or maleic acid esters used.
- the catalyst according to the invention is suitable for the bottom phase hydrogenation of carboxylic acids, preferably of fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures having 5 to 24 C atoms and / or their
- esters optionally mixed with alcohols in the
- the fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures can be esterified in situ with alcohols present in the reaction mixture.
- Preferred alcohols present in the reaction mixture are fatty alcohols or mixtures of
- Figure 1 shows the dependence of the Cu metal surface (in m ⁇ / g sample) of the reduced catalysts as a function of the carbonate content (in wt% carbonate) of the unreduced catalysts.
- Residual glow loss is determined according to DIN EN 196-2.
- Pore volume and pore radius distribution are through
- Carbonate content is determined according to DIN ISO 10693.
- Cu metal surface is determined by N20 pulse chemisorption.
- the uncalcined material is produced by precipitating the metal nitrates with sodium carbonate to give their carbonates, then the precipitate is filtered off, washed and spray-dried.
- Solution 1 is prepared by dissolving 675 g of ZnO in 1636 g of HNO 3 (65%) and then adding 1020 g of Cu (NO 3) 2-3 H 2 O and 10 L of deionized water.
- Solution 2 is prepared from 1333 g of Na2CC> 3 and 10 L of deionized water. The two solutions are heated to 70 ° C and stirred. These are then metered into a precipitation tank. The pH in the precipitation tank is 6.8. The volume flows of solution 1 and 2 are adjusted so that this pH established. Once the two solutions are used up, the precipitate formed is filtered off and washed with water. The filter cake is then resuspended in about 5 L of water and spray dried. The resulting dried but still
- uncalcined powdery material is the starting material for the further preparations.
- the carbonate content of the uncalcined powdered material determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 16.4% by weight.
- Carbonate content of catalyst 1, determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 16.1% by weight.
- Catalyst 2 is prepared by thermally treating uncalcined material (prepared as described in Reference Example 1) for 0.5 h at 280 ° C.
- the carbonate content of this thermally treated powder determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 15.4% by weight.
- 100 g of this thermally treated powder are mixed with 2 g of graphite and tabletted into moldings having a diameter of about 3 mm and a height of about 3 mm.
- the carbonate content of catalyst 2, determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 15.1% by weight.
- Catalyst 3 is prepared by thermally treating uncalcined material (prepared as described in Reference Example 1) for 1.0 h at 280 ° C.
- the carbonate content of this thermally treated powder determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 12.3% by weight.
- 100 g of this thermally treated powder are mixed with 2 g of graphite and tabletted into moldings having a diameter of about 3 mm and a height of about 3 mm.
- the carbonate content of catalyst 3, determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 12.1% by weight.
- Example 4 (Preparation of Catalyst 4)
- Catalyst 4 is prepared by thermally treating uncalcined material (prepared as described in Reference Example 1) for 1.5 hours at 280 ° C.
- the carbonate content of this thermally treated powder determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 7.7% by weight.
- 100 g of this thermally treated powder are mixed with 2 g of graphite and tabletted into moldings having a diameter of about 3 mm and a height of about 3 mm.
- the carbonate content of catalyst 4, determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 7.5% by weight.
- Catalyst 5 is prepared by thermally treating uncalcined material (prepared as described in Reference Example 1) for 3 hours at 280 ° C.
- the carbonate content of this thermally treated powder determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 5.7% by weight.
- 100 g of this thermally treated powder are mixed with 2 g of graphite and tabletted into moldings having a diameter of about 3 mm and a height of about 3 mm.
- the carbonate content of catalyst 5, determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 5.6 wt .-%.
- Catalyst 6 is prepared by thermally treating uncalcined material (prepared as described in Reference Example 1) for 4.5 hours at 280 ° C.
- the carbonate content of this thermally treated powder determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 3.2% by weight.
- 100 g of this thermally treated powder are mixed with 2 g of graphite and molded bodies with a diameter of about 3 mm and a height of about 3 mm.
- Carbonate content of catalyst 6, determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 3.1% by weight.
- Catalyst 7 is prepared by thermally treating uncalcined material (prepared as described in Reference Example 1) for 6 hours at 280 ° C.
- the carbonate content of this thermally treated powder determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 2.2 wt .-%.
- 100 g of this thermally treated powder are mixed with 2 g of graphite and tabletted into moldings having a diameter of about 3 mm and a height of about 3 mm.
- the carbonate content of catalyst 7, determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 2.2% by weight.
- Calcined material is prepared by calcining uncalcined material (prepared as described in Reference Example 1) in a convection oven at 325 ° C for 2 hours.
- the carbonate content of the calcined material determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 4.9 wt .-%.
- Catalyst 8 is prepared by adding 15 g of the uncalcined material (prepared as described in Reference Example 1) to 85 g of the 325 ° C calcined powder (prepared as in
- a comparative catalyst is a catalyst containing 26 wt .-% Cu and 53 wt .-% Zn.
- the carbonate content, determined according to DIN ISO 10693, is 2.5% by weight.
- the comparative catalyst is in the form of tablets having a diameter of about 3 mm and a height of about 3 mm and has a pore volume of 210 mm-Vg and a Cu-metal surface of 12.8 m ⁇ / g.
- the activity of the catalysts is investigated with respect to the hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).
- FAME fatty acid methyl ester
- an electrically heated fixed bed reactor with a reactor volume of 25 ml is used.
- Catalysts are given as values for the conversions to C12-methyl ester at 180 ° C. It can be clearly seen the improved activity of the catalysts of the invention compared to
- the Cu metal surface of the catalysts is determined by the principle of N2O decomposition:
- the sample is reduced in a reduction furnace TRACE GC ULTRA (Fa. Brechbühler) for 16 h at 240 ° C with hydrogen (forming gas 5% H2 in He).
- the sample is then transferred to Thermo Electron's TPDRO 1100 Series, purged with He, and N20 pulse chemisorption started.
- the Cu metal surface results from the amount of 2 formed in He, which is determined by a thermal conductivity detector.
- Table 2 shows the values for the carbonate content of
- Catalysts vary depending on the duration of the thermal treatment.
- the carbonate content correlates with the Cu metal surface of the reduced catalysts. In a range from 3.1 to 12.1% by weight of carbonate, the result is a relatively high
- Profitability in particular an increase in sales to the target product is achieved.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
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US15/128,700 US10226760B2 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2015-03-19 | Hydrogenation catalyst and method for producing same |
GB1616118.4A GB2543162B (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2015-03-19 | Hydrogenation catalyst and method for producing same |
CN201580015500.5A CN106132542A (zh) | 2014-03-26 | 2015-03-19 | 加氢催化剂及其制备方法 |
EP15711489.3A EP3122453A1 (de) | 2014-03-26 | 2015-03-19 | Hydrierkatalysator und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
SG11201607972SA SG11201607972SA (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2015-03-19 | Hydrogenation catalyst and method for producing same |
PH12016501666A PH12016501666A1 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2016-08-22 | Hydrogenation catalyst and method for producing same |
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DE102014004413.0A DE102014004413A1 (de) | 2014-03-26 | 2014-03-26 | Hydrierkatalysator und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102014004413.0 | 2014-03-26 |
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US (1) | US10226760B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3122453A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN106132542A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014004413A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2543162B (de) |
MY (1) | MY175612A (de) |
PH (1) | PH12016501666A1 (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2015144548A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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CN106083777A (zh) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-11-09 | 农玉金 | 一种从油茶壳中制备糠醛的方法 |
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DE102012019123B4 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2021-10-21 | Clariant International Ltd. | Hydrierkatalysator und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung durch die Verwendung von unkalziniertem Ausgangsmaterial |
EP3320971A1 (de) | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-16 | Basf Se | Mechanisch stabiler katalysator zur hydrierung von carbonylverbindungen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE102016225171A1 (de) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Clariant International Ltd | Tablettierter Katalysator für die Methanolsynthese mit erhöhter mechanischer Stabilität |
EP3345890A1 (de) | 2017-01-05 | 2018-07-11 | Lanxess Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von n-methyl-p-toluidin für dessen einsatz als additiv für flugbenzin |
CN111318282B (zh) * | 2018-12-13 | 2023-11-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种铜基催化剂及其制备方法和其在制备羟基酮化合物中的应用 |
DE102019131569A1 (de) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | Clariant International Ltd | Chromfreier wasser- und saeurestabiler katalysator fuer hydrierungen |
CN113058608B (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2023-01-13 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种用于αα-二甲基苄醇氢解制异丙苯的催化剂及其制备方法 |
EP4251316A1 (de) | 2020-11-24 | 2023-10-04 | Topsoe A/S | Verfahren und katalysator zur katalytischen hydrierung von organischen carbonylverbindungen |
CN115414934B (zh) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-08-20 | 朱义峰 | 固体铜基催化剂、制备方法及其用途、储存和释放氢气的储氢体系、储存和释放氢气的方法 |
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- 2015-03-19 US US15/128,700 patent/US10226760B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-03-19 MY MYPI2016703035A patent/MY175612A/en unknown
- 2015-03-19 EP EP15711489.3A patent/EP3122453A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-03-19 GB GB1616118.4A patent/GB2543162B/en active Active
- 2015-03-19 CN CN201580015500.5A patent/CN106132542A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
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US10226760B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
GB201616118D0 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
SG11201607972SA (en) | 2016-11-29 |
CN106132542A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
US20170113209A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
PH12016501666A1 (en) | 2016-10-03 |
GB2543162A (en) | 2017-04-12 |
GB2543162B (en) | 2020-07-22 |
MY175612A (en) | 2020-07-01 |
EP3122453A1 (de) | 2017-02-01 |
DE102014004413A1 (de) | 2015-10-01 |
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