WO2015141113A1 - Dispositif de réception d'énergie et dispositif de transmission d'énergie - Google Patents

Dispositif de réception d'énergie et dispositif de transmission d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015141113A1
WO2015141113A1 PCT/JP2015/000365 JP2015000365W WO2015141113A1 WO 2015141113 A1 WO2015141113 A1 WO 2015141113A1 JP 2015000365 W JP2015000365 W JP 2015000365W WO 2015141113 A1 WO2015141113 A1 WO 2015141113A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
power reception
phase
voltage
power
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PCT/JP2015/000365
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English (en)
Inventor
Jiro Tsuchiya
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Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
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Publication of WO2015141113A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015141113A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/124—Detection or removal of foreign bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power reception device and a power transmission device, and in particular, to a power reception device and a power transmission device used for a power transfer system which transfers electric power in a non-contact manner.
  • PTLs 1 to 7 A variety of power transfer systems which transfer electric power between a power transmission device and a power reception device in a non-contact manner have been proposed (PTLs 1 to 7 and the like).
  • the power reception device and the power transmission device used for non-contact power transfer may be provided with a power reception coil and a power transmission coil for supplying and receiving electric power in a non-contact manner, and instruments such as a foreign object detection sensor which detects the presence or absence of a foreign object between the power reception coil and the power transmission coil, a capacitor for forming a resonant circuit with each coil, a temperature sensor which detects the temperature in the vicinity of the coil, and a cooling system for cooling the coil.
  • instruments such as a foreign object detection sensor which detects the presence or absence of a foreign object between the power reception coil and the power transmission coil, a capacitor for forming a resonant circuit with each coil, a temperature sensor which detects the temperature in the vicinity of the coil, and a cooling system for cooling the coil.
  • Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2013-242168 discloses providing a foreign object detection device disposed close to a power reception coil or a power transmission coil for detecting the presence or absence of a foreign object between the power reception coil and the power transmission coil, in a power reception device and a power transmission device used for a power transfer system which transfers electric power in a non-contact manner (see PTL 1).
  • An instrument disposed close to a power reception coil or a power transmission coil such as the foreign object detection device described above, is exposed to a magnetic field formed around the power reception coil and the power transmission coil during power transmission from the power transmission coil to the power reception coil. Since the instrument may malfunction when it is exposed to the magnetic field, it is necessary to reduce influence of the magnetic field on the instrument.
  • the influence of the magnetic field on the instrument changes depending on the environment in which the power reception coil and the power transmission coil are placed during power transmission. For example, depending on the material of a base on which the power transmission coil is placed, and mud, ice, snow, and the like sticking to a cover of the power reception coil, a dielectric constant changes, and the influence of the magnetic field on the instrument changes.
  • the influence of the magnetic field on the instrument should be effectively reduced even if there is such a change in the environment.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to effectively reduce influence of a magnetic field on an instrument even if there is a change in environment during power transmission, in a power transfer system which transfers electric power from a power transmission device to a power reception device in a non-contact manner.
  • a power reception device includes a power reception coil, an instrument, a metal object, a guard coil, a temperature sensor, and a phase control device.
  • the power reception coil receives electric power from a power transmission coil of a power transmission device in a non-contact manner.
  • the instrument is disposed close to the power reception coil.
  • the metal object is disposed close to the instrument.
  • the guard coil generates a second magnetic field which suppresses influence of a first magnetic field on the instrument, the first magnetic field being formed during power transmission from the power transmission coil to the power reception coil.
  • the temperature sensor detects a temperature of the metal object.
  • the phase control device controls a phase of a voltage (or a current) to be supplied to the guard coil, based on a phase of a voltage (or a current) induced in association with power reception by the power reception coil.
  • the phase control device further adjusts the phase of the voltage (or the current) to be supplied to the guard coil, in a direction in which the temperature of the metal object decreases, based on a detection value of the temperature sensor.
  • the phase of the voltage (or the current) to be supplied to the guard coil is controlled based on the phase of the voltage (or the current) induced in association with power reception by the power reception coil, and is further adjusted in the direction in which the temperature of the metal object decreases, based on the detection value of the temperature sensor (i.e., feedback control based on the temperature). Since a metal generates heat due to an eddy current generated when it is exposed to a magnetic field, influence of the first magnetic field on the instrument can be reliably reduced by adjusting the phase in the direction in which the temperature of the metal object disposed close to the instrument decreases.
  • the phase is adjusted based on the temperature of the metal object disposed close to the instrument to reduce the influence of the first magnetic field on the instrument, even if there is a change in the environment in which the power reception coil and the power transmission coil are placed during power transmission. Therefore, according to the power reception device, the influence of the magnetic field on the instrument can be effectively reduced even if there is a change in the environment during power transmission.
  • a reference phase is determined based on the phase of the voltage (or the current) induced in association with the power reception by the power reception coil.
  • the phase control device adjusts the phase of the voltage (or the current) to be supplied to the guard coil, based on data prepared beforehand which indicates relation between the temperature of the metal object and a phase shift amount, from the reference phase, of the voltage (or the current) to be supplied to the guard coil.
  • the phase of the voltage (or the current) to be supplied to the guard coil can be easily adjusted based on the data prepared beforehand.
  • the power reception device further includes an insulating transformer.
  • the insulating transformer is provided between the power reception coil and a charger for charging a power storage device.
  • the insulating transformer includes a first induction coil, a second induction coil, and a third induction coil.
  • the first induction coil is electrically connected to the power reception coil.
  • the second induction coil is electrically connected to the charger and is magnetically coupled with the first induction coil.
  • the third induction coil is further magnetically coupled with the first induction coil.
  • the phase control device reverses a phase of a voltage (or a current) generated in the third induction coil, adjusts the reversed phase of the voltage (or the current) based on the detection value of the temperature sensor, and supplies the voltage (or the current) having the adjusted phase to the guard coil.
  • the voltage (or the current) to be supplied to the guard coil can be easily generated using the third induction coil further provided in the insulating transformer and the phase control device.
  • the metal object is a casing which accommodates the instrument.
  • the guard coil is provided within the casing.
  • the casing which accommodates the instrument is used as the metal object whose temperature is detected, there is no need to additionally provide a metal object close to the instrument.
  • the instrument is a foreign object detection sensor which detects a foreign object between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil.
  • the influence of the magnetic field on the foreign object detection sensor can be effectively reduced. Therefore, malfunction of the foreign object detection sensor can be suppressed.
  • the power reception coil is formed to surround a winding axis line extending in a vertical direction.
  • the guard coil and the instrument are disposed above the power reception coil, based on a premise that the power reception coil receives the electric power from below the power reception coil.
  • the power reception coil is formed to surround a winding axis line extending in a horizontal direction.
  • the guard coil and the instrument are disposed above the power reception coil, based on a premise that the power reception coil receives the electric power from the power transmission coil located below the power reception coil.
  • the influence of the first magnetic field formed during power transmission from the power transmission device to the power reception device can also be effectively reduced, for the instrument disposed above the power reception coil.
  • a power transmission device includes a power transmission coil, an instrument, a metal object, a guard coil, a temperature sensor, and a phase control device.
  • the power transmission coil transmits electric power to a power reception coil of a power reception device in a non-contact manner.
  • the instrument is disposed close to the power transmission coil.
  • the metal object is disposed close to the instrument.
  • the guard coil generates a second magnetic field which suppresses influence of a first magnetic field on the instrument, the first magnetic field being formed during power transmission from the power transmission coil to the power reception coil.
  • the temperature sensor detects a temperature of the metal object.
  • the phase control device controls a phase of a voltage (or a current) to be supplied to the guard coil, based on a phase of a voltage (or a current) supplied to the power transmission coil.
  • the phase control device further adjusts the phase of the voltage (or the current) to be supplied to the guard coil, in a direction in which the temperature of the metal object decreases, based on a detection value of the temperature sensor.
  • the influence of the magnetic field on the instrument can be effectively reduced even if there is a change in the environment during power transmission.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a vehicle equipped with a power reception device in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the vehicle shown in Fig. 1 viewed from above.
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed configuration diagram of a power reception unit, a foreign object detection unit, and a power transmission unit shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing a circuit configuration for generating a voltage to be supplied to a guard coil.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing an example of voltage waveforms when phase control in Embodiment 1 is applied.
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart for illustrating the phase control of the voltage to be supplied to the guard coil.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a vehicle equipped with a power reception device in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the vehicle shown in Fig. 1 viewed from above.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the relation between a temperature T detected by a temperature sensor and a phase shift amount dF of a phase F of a voltage E4.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing a circuit configuration for generating a voltage to be supplied to a guard coil in a modification.
  • Fig. 9 is a view showing an arrangement configuration of a capacitor and a guard coil.
  • Fig. 10 is a view showing a configuration of a power reception coil, a power transmission coil, and a foreign object detection unit in Embodiment 3.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing an arrangement of a foreign object detection unit in Embodiment 4.
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing a circuit configuration for generating a voltage to be supplied to a guard coil in Embodiment 4.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a vehicle equipped with a power reception device in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the vehicle shown in Fig. 1 viewed from above.
  • a vehicle 100 includes a power reception unit 110 and a foreign object detection unit 120.
  • Power reception unit 110 receives (alternating current) electric power output from a power transmission unit 210 external to the vehicle, in a non-contact manner.
  • Power reception unit 110 is provided, for example, at a lower portion of the vehicle body, and power transmission unit 210 is provided on the surface of the ground or in the ground.
  • the alternating current electric power is supplied from a power source not shown to power transmission unit 210, an electromagnetic field is formed between power transmission unit 210 and power reception unit 110, and energy (electric power) moves from power transmission unit 210 to power reception unit 110 through the electromagnetic field.
  • power reception unit 110 and power transmission unit 210 each include a resonant circuit (a coil and a capacitor), and are designed to resonate with each other at a power transmission frequency.
  • a Q factor indicating the resonance intensity of power reception unit 110 and power transmission unit 210 is more than or equal to 100.
  • Foreign object detection unit 120 detects the presence or absence of a foreign object in a detection range 300 between power transmission unit 210 and power reception unit 110.
  • Foreign object detection unit 120 is disposed close to power reception unit 110, and, in Embodiment 1, is disposed above power reception unit 110.
  • a foreign object means an object which originally should not be present in detection range 300, and if there is a foreign object during power transmission from power transmission unit 210 to power reception unit 110, power transmission efficiency may be deteriorated, or the temperature of the foreign object may be increased.
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed configuration diagram of power reception unit 110, foreign object detection unit 120, and power transmission unit 210 shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It is noted that Fig. 3 shows a cross section taken along a line III-III in Fig. 2 and viewed in the direction of arrows.
  • power reception unit 110 includes a power reception coil 112.
  • Power transmission unit 210 includes a power transmission coil 212.
  • Each of power reception coil 112 and power transmission coil 212 is formed to surround a winding axis line extending in a vertical direction.
  • each of power reception coil 112 and power transmission coil 212 is accommodated in a case not shown, and Figs. 1 and 2 show an outer appearance of a rectangular case accommodating each coil, for each of power reception unit 110 and power transmission unit 210.
  • Foreign object detection unit 120 includes a foreign object detection sensor 122, a casing 124, a guard coil 126, and a temperature sensor 128.
  • Foreign object detection sensor 122 is a sensor for detecting the presence or absence of a foreign object in detection range 300 shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and is disposed close to power reception coil 112.
  • Foreign object detection sensor 122 detects the presence or absence of a foreign object using, for example, electric waves.
  • Casing 124 accommodates foreign object detection sensor 122, and is formed of a metal such as iron or aluminum. That is, casing 124 is a metal case disposed close to foreign object detection sensor 122. Casing 124 is formed to cover the side portions and the upper portion of foreign object detection sensor 122, and the lower portion thereof is opened or is provided with a lid made of a non-metal such as a resin.
  • Guard coil 126 is provided within casing 124, and is formed to surround a winding axis line extending in the vertical direction. A voltage having a phase adjusted by a phase control circuit described later is supplied to guard coil 126. Thereby, guard coil 126 generates a magnetic field which suppresses influence of a magnetic flux F1 on foreign object detection sensor 122, magnetic flux F1 being formed during power transmission from power transmission coil 212 to power reception coil 112.
  • Temperature sensor 128 is placed in casing 124 to detect the temperature of casing 124.
  • metal casing 124 receives magnetic flux F1
  • an eddy current is generated and casing 124 generates heat.
  • the influence of magnetic flux F1 on foreign object detection sensor 122 is detected by detecting the temperature of casing 124 disposed close to foreign object detection sensor 122.
  • the phase of the voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126 is adjusted by the phase control circuit described later, in a direction in which the temperature of casing 124 decreases, that is, in a direction in which the influence of magnetic flux F1 on foreign object detection sensor 122 is reduced.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing a circuit configuration for generating the voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126.
  • vehicle 100 further includes an insulating transformer 140, a charger 148, a power storage device 150, and a phase control circuit 152, in addition to power reception coil 112 and foreign object detection unit 120 shown in Fig. 3.
  • Insulating transformer 140 is provided between power reception coil 112 and charger 148.
  • Insulating transformer 140 includes a first induction coil 142 and a second induction coil 144.
  • First induction coil 142 is electrically connected to power reception coil 112.
  • Second induction coil 144 is electrically connected to charger 148, and is magnetically coupled with first induction coil 142.
  • Power reception coil 112 can be insulated from charger 148 by first induction coil 142 and second induction coil 144.
  • Charger 148 rectifies a voltage induced in second induction coil 144 in association with power reception by power reception coil 112, and charges power storage device 150.
  • Charger 148 includes a filter circuit, a rectifier, and the like.
  • Power storage device 150 is a rechargeable direct current power source, and is composed of, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel hydride battery, or a large-capacity capacitor. Power storage device 150 stores electric power output from charger 148.
  • Insulating transformer 140 further includes a third induction coil 146.
  • Third induction coil 146 is electrically connected to phase control circuit 152, and is magnetically coupled with first induction coil 142. In association with power reception of power reception coil 112, a voltage E2 is induced in first induction coil 142, and a voltage E3 is induced in third induction coil 146.
  • Phase control circuit 152 receives voltage E3 induced in third induction coil 146, generates a voltage E4 by performing phase adjustment on voltage E3, and supplies voltage E4 to guard coil 126. Specifically, phase control circuit 152 reverses a phase of voltage E3 (i.e., shifts the phase by 180 degrees). Further, phase control circuit 152 adjusts the reversed phase of the voltage, in a direction in which a temperature T detected by temperature sensor 128 (Fig. 3) decreases, and supplies voltage E4 having the adjusted phase to guard coil 126.
  • a magnetic flux F2 generated in guard coil 126 has a phase opposite to that of magnetic flux F1 formed during power transmission from power transmission coil 212 to power reception coil 112 (i.e., has a phase difference of 180 degrees).
  • phase control circuit 152 generates voltage E4 having a phase opposite to that of a voltage E1 of power transmission coil 212, and supplies voltage E4 to guard coil 126. Since it is difficult to detect the phase of voltage E1 of power transmission coil 212 and generate a voltage having an opposite phase without delay in vehicle 100, in Embodiment 1, phase control circuit 152 generates a voltage having a phase opposite to that of the voltage (voltage E3) induced in association with power reception by power reception coil 112.
  • the phase of voltage E4 to be supplied to guard coil 126 is further adjusted based on temperature T of metal casing 124 disposed close to foreign object detection sensor 122. That is, since metal casing 124 generates heat due to an eddy current generated when casing 124 is influenced by magnetic flux F1, temperature T of casing 124 is detected by temperature sensor 128, and the phase of voltage E4 is adjusted by phase control circuit 152, in the direction in which temperature T decreases (i.e., feedback control based on temperature T). Thereby, the influence of magnetic flux F1 on foreign object detection sensor 122 can be reliably reduced, even if there is a change in the environment in which power reception coil 112 and power transmission coil 212 are placed during power transmission.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing an example of voltage waveforms when phase control in Embodiment 1 is applied.
  • voltage E1 indicates the voltage of power transmission coil 212
  • voltage E2 indicates the voltage induced in power reception coil 112 (first induction coil 142).
  • Voltage E3 indicates the voltage induced in third induction coil 146
  • voltage E4 indicates the voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126.
  • a phase difference between voltage E1 and voltage E2 changes depending on the environment in which power reception coil 112 and power transmission coil 212 are placed.
  • Voltage E3 is induced in response to voltage E2.
  • Voltage E4 is generated by phase control circuit 152, based on voltage E3 and temperature T detected by temperature sensor 128. Specifically, voltage E4 is generated by performing phase adjustment on a voltage obtained by reversing the phase of voltage E3, based on temperature T. In Fig. 5, the phase of voltage E4 is reversed with respect to that of voltage E1 (i.e., has a difference of 180 degrees), and is adjusted to an ideal phase.
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart for illustrating the phase control of the voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126.
  • step S10 when charging of power storage device 150 by an alternating current power source 220 (Fig. 4) external to the vehicle is instructed, power transmission from power transmission unit 210 (Fig. 1) is started (step S10). It is noted that the power transmission herein is performed for producing a barrier by guard coil 126, and not for charging power storage device 150. However, it is preferable that the magnitude of electric power transmitted in this stage is set to be substantially equal to the magnitude of electric power transmitted during charging of power storage device 150, in order to allow the barrier by guard coil 126 to function effectively during charging of power storage device 150.
  • phase control circuit 152 determines a reference phase F0 indicating a reference value of a phase F of voltage E4 to be supplied to guard coil 126, based on the phase of the voltage induced in association with power reception (step S20).
  • a phase opposite to the phase of voltage E3 induced in third induction coil 146 in association with power reception by power reception coil 112 i.e., a phase having a phase difference of 180 degrees with respect to the phase of voltage E3 is set as reference phase F0.
  • Phase control circuit 152 adjusts phase F of voltage E4 by adding a phase shift amount dF determined based on temperature T detected by temperature sensor 128 (Fig. 3) to reference phase F0.
  • Phase F of voltage E4 Reference phase F0 + Phase shift amount dF ...(1)
  • phase control circuit 152 sets an initial phase shift amount dFinit as phase shift amount dF (step S30). It is noted that initial phase shift amount dFinit may be determined through experiments and the like, or may be set to 0.
  • phase control circuit 152 determines whether or not a barrier completion flag is ON (step S40).
  • the barrier completion flag is turned on in step S70 described later.
  • phase control circuit 152 reads a temperature T(n) from temperature sensor 128 (step S50). It is noted that temperature T(n) indicates a present value, and a temperature T(n-1) described later indicates a previous value read at the time of a previous computation. Then, phase control circuit 152 determines whether or not temperature T(n) is higher than a maximum temperature Tmax which is permitted by foreign object detection unit 120 (step S60).
  • phase control circuit 152 When temperature T(n) is less than or equal to maximum temperature Tmax (NO in step S60), phase control circuit 152 turns on the barrier completion flag (step S70). Thereafter, phase control circuit 152 advances the processing to step S40.
  • phase control circuit 152 changes phase shift amount dF by dF' in the same direction as that at the time of the previous computation (step S100).
  • phase control circuit 152 changes phase shift amount dF by dF' in a direction opposite to that at the time of the previous computation (step S110).
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the relation between temperature T detected by temperature sensor 128 and phase shift amount dF of phase F of voltage E4.
  • Fig. 7 when temperature T is higher than maximum temperature Tmax, phase shift amount dF is changed in the direction in which temperature T decreases. It is noted that data indicating the relation between temperature T and phase shift amount dF is prepared beforehand through experiments and the like.
  • phase control circuit 152 advances the processing to step S40. Then, when it is determined in step S40 that the barrier completion flag is ON (YES in step S40), charging of power storage device 150 is started (step S120), and when it is determined that charging is finished (YES in step S130), a series of processing is finished.
  • step S10 when the barrier completion flag is not turned on within a predetermined time period after the power transmission for producing the barrier is started in step S10, it is determined that some abnormality occurs, and the power transmission from power transmission unit 210 is stopped.
  • the phase of voltage E4 to be supplied to guard coil 126 can be easily adjusted based on the data prepared beforehand which indicates the relation between temperature T of casing 124 and phase shift amount dF from reference phase F0. Furthermore, voltage E4 can be easily generated using third induction coil 146 further provided in insulating transformer 140 and phase control circuit 152.
  • casing 124 which accommodates foreign object detection sensor 122 is used as a metal object whose temperature is detected, there is no need to additionally provide a metal object close to foreign object detection sensor 122.
  • the influence of the magnetic field on foreign object detection sensor 122 can be effectively reduced. Therefore, malfunction of foreign object detection sensor 122 can be suppressed.
  • voltage E4 to be supplied to guard coil 126 is generated utilizing a portion of electric power received by power reception coil 112, using insulating transformer 140.
  • insulating transformer 140 In the present modification, an exemplary configuration which does not use an insulating transformer is shown.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing a circuit configuration for generating a voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126 in the present modification.
  • vehicle 100 does not include insulating transformer 140, further includes a vehicle-mounted power source 154 and a voltage sensor 156, and includes a phase control circuit 152A instead of phase control circuit 152, in the configuration of vehicle 100 in Embodiment 1 shown in Fig. 4.
  • Power reception coil 112 is directly electrically connected to charger 148.
  • Phase control circuit 152A receives voltage E2 of power reception coil 112 detected by voltage sensor 156, and receives temperature T detected by temperature sensor 128 (Fig. 3). Then, phase control circuit 152A receives electric power from vehicle-mounted power source 154, and generates voltage E4 to be supplied to guard coil 126 based on voltage E2 of power reception coil 112 and temperature T.
  • phase control circuit 152A receives electric power from vehicle-mounted power source 154, and generates voltage E4 of a predetermined magnitude which has the same frequency as that of voltage E2 and has reference phase F0.
  • Reference phase F0 is a phase opposite to that of voltage E2 (i.e., has a phase difference of 180 degrees with respect to that of voltage E2). Then, phase control circuit 152A adjusts phase F of voltage E4 by adding phase shift amount dF determined based on temperature T to reference phase F0.
  • the influence of the magnetic field on foreign object detection sensor 122 can also be effectively reduced in a power reception device which is not provided with an insulating transformer.
  • guard coil 126 The instrument for which the influence of magnetic flux F1 is reduced by guard coil 126 is not limited to foreign object detection sensor 122, and may be a capacitor 114 (Fig. 4) which forms a resonant circuit with power reception coil 112.
  • Fig. 9 is a view showing an arrangement configuration of capacitor 114 and guard coil 126. It is noted that Fig. 9 corresponds to Fig. 3 described in Embodiment 1. Referring to Fig. 9, capacitor 114 is disposed close to power reception coil 112. A casing 160 accommodates capacitor 114, and is formed of a metal such as iron or aluminum. Guard coil 126 and temperature sensor 128 are further provided in casing 160.
  • the circuit configuration for generating a voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126 is the same as those of the circuits shown in Figs. 4 and 8.
  • the influence of magnetic flux F1 can also be effectively reduced by guard coil 126, for capacitor 114 disposed close to power reception coil 112.
  • guard coil 126 may be, for example, a temperature sensor which detects the temperature of power reception coil 112, a cooling device for cooling power reception coil 112, or the like, other than capacitor 114.
  • Embodiment 3 shows a configuration in a case where each of the power reception coil and the power transmission coil has a coil type different from that in Embodiments 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 10 is a view showing a configuration of a power reception coil, a power transmission coil, and a foreign object detection unit in Embodiment 3. It is noted that Fig. 10 corresponds to Fig. 3 described in Embodiment 1. Referring to Fig. 10, each of a power reception coil 112A and a power transmission coil 212A is formed to surround a winding axis line extending in a horizontal direction, and is wound around a plate-like core of ferrite or the like.
  • a foreign object detection unit 120A is disposed close to power reception coil 112A, and, in Embodiment 3, is disposed above power reception coil 112A.
  • foreign object detection unit 120A can receive magnetic flux F1 generated from power transmission coil 212A, from the horizontal direction.
  • guard coil 126 is disposed close to foreign object detection sensor 122 in the direction in which the winding axis line of power reception coil 112A extends, and is formed to surround a winding axis line in the same direction as that of the winding axis line of power reception coil 112A.
  • the circuit configuration for generating a voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126 is the same as those of the circuits shown in Figs. 4 and 8.
  • the influence of magnetic flux F1 on foreign object detection sensor 122 can be effectively reduced, even if each of power reception coil 112A and power transmission coil 212A is of the type formed to surround the winding axis line extending in the horizontal direction.
  • the instrument for which the influence of the magnetic field is reduced by guard coil 126 may be, for example, capacitor 114, a temperature sensor which detects the temperature of power reception coil 112A, a cooling device for cooling power reception coil 112A, or the like, other than foreign object detection sensor 122.
  • Embodiment 4 shows a configuration for reducing the influence of magnetic flux F1 from power transmission coil 212, on an instrument provided on the side of a power transmission device.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing an arrangement of foreign object detection unit 120 in Embodiment 4. It is noted that Fig. 11 corresponds to Fig. 3 described in Embodiment 1.
  • foreign object detection unit 120 is provided on the side of the power transmission device, and is disposed close to power transmission coil 212. In Embodiment 4, foreign object detection unit 120 is disposed below power transmission coil 212.
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing a circuit configuration for generating a voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126 in Embodiment 4.
  • a power transmission device 200 further includes alternating current power source 220, an insulating transformer 230, and a phase control circuit 240, in addition to power transmission coil 212 and foreign object detection unit 120 shown in Fig. 11.
  • Insulating transformer 230 is provided between alternating current power source 220 and power transmission coil 212.
  • Insulating transformer 230 includes a first induction coil 232 and a second induction coil 234.
  • First induction coil 232 is electrically connected to alternating current power source 220.
  • Second induction coil 234 is electrically connected to power transmission coil 212, and is magnetically coupled with first induction coil 232.
  • Power transmission coil 212 can be insulated from alternating current power source 220 by first induction coil 232 and second induction coil 234.
  • Insulating transformer 230 further includes a third induction coil 236.
  • Third induction coil 236 is electrically connected to phase control circuit 240, and is magnetically coupled with first induction coil 232. In association with power supply from alternating current power source 220 to power transmission coil 212, a voltage having a frequency and a phase which are identical to those in power transmission coil 212 is induced in third induction coil 236.
  • Phase control circuit 240 receives the voltage induced in third induction coil 236, generates a voltage by performing phase adjustment on the received voltage, and supplies the generated voltage to guard coil 126. Specifically, phase control circuit 240 reverses a phase of the voltage received from third induction coil 236 (i.e., shifts the phase by 180 degrees). Further, phase control circuit 240 adjusts the reversed phase of the voltage, in a direction in which temperature T detected by temperature sensor 128 (Fig. 11) decreases, and supplies the voltage having the adjusted phase to guard coil 126.
  • the influence of magnetic flux F1 on foreign object detection sensor 122 can also be effectively reduced, for foreign object detection sensor 122 provided in power transmission device 200.
  • the voltage supplied to power transmission coil 212 may be detected by a voltage sensor, and the voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126 may be generated based on the detected voltage and temperature T, without using insulating transformer 230 as in the modification to Embodiment 1.
  • the instrument for which the influence of magnetic flux F1 is reduced by guard coil 126 may be a capacitor 214 (Fig. 12) which forms a resonant circuit with power transmission coil 212, a temperature sensor which detects the temperature of power transmission coil 212, a cooling device for cooling power transmission coil 212, or the like.
  • phase of the voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126 is adjusted before charging of power storage device 150 and thereafter charging of power storage device 150 is performed in each of the embodiments described above, the present invention is not limited to this example. Also during charging of power storage device 150, the phase of the voltage to be supplied to guard coil 126 may be adjusted based on the phase reversed from reference phase F0 and the feedback control based on temperature T of casing 124.
  • phase is controlled based on a voltage in each of the embodiments described above, the phase may be controlled based on a current.
  • the phase of a current to be supplied to guard coil 126 may be adjusted based on a current induced in third induction coil 146 and temperature T detected by temperature sensor 128.
  • foreign object detection sensor 122 detects the presence or absence of a foreign object using electric waves in each of the embodiments described above, foreign object detection sensor 122 may be a sensor using supersonic waves, a pyroelectric sensor using infrared rays (light), or the like.
  • temperature sensor 128 is placed in casing 124 or casing 160 in each of the embodiments described above, the position for placing temperature sensor 128 is not limited thereto.
  • a metal object disposed close to foreign object detection sensor 122 or capacitor 114, 214 may be additionally provided (for example, a fixture or the like), and temperature sensor 128 may be placed on the metal object to detect the temperature.
  • foreign object detection sensor 122 may correspond to one embodiment of the "instrument” in the present invention
  • capacitor 114, 214 may also correspond to one embodiment of the "instrument”.
  • casing 124, 160 corresponds to one embodiment of the "metal object” in the present invention.
  • 100 vehicle; 110: power reception unit; 112, 112A: power reception coil; 114, 214: capacitor; 120, 120A: foreign object detection unit; 122: foreign object detection sensor; 124, 160: casing; 126: guard coil; 128: temperature sensor; 140, 230: insulating transformer; 142, 232: first induction coil; 144, 234: second induction coil; 146, 236: third induction coil; 148: charger; 150: power storage device; 152, 152A, 240: phase control circuit; 154: vehicle-mounted power source; 156: voltage sensor; 200: power transmission device; 210: power transmission unit; 212, 212A: power transmission coil; 220: alternating current power source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur de détection d'objet étranger qui est agencé à proximité d'une bobine de réception d'énergie (112). Le capteur de détection d'objet étranger est logé dans un boîtier métallique et une bobine de protection (126) ainsi qu'un capteur de température qui détecte une température (T) du boîtier, sont agencés dans le boîtier. Un circuit de commande de phase (152) commande une phase d'une tension (E4) qui doit être fournie à la bobine de protection (126) sur la base d'une phase d'une tension induite en association avec une réception d'énergie par la bobine de réception d'énergie (112). Le circuit de commande de phase (152) ajuste en outre la phase de la tension (E4) dans une direction dans laquelle la température (T) diminue, en se basant sur une valeur de détection du capteur de température.
PCT/JP2015/000365 2014-03-19 2015-01-28 Dispositif de réception d'énergie et dispositif de transmission d'énergie WO2015141113A1 (fr)

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JP2014056670A JP6028757B2 (ja) 2014-03-19 2014-03-19 受電装置および送電装置
JP2014-056670 2014-03-19

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CN106451819A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 西南交通大学 一种无线电能传输系统及其等效阻抗的控制方法

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DE10328986A1 (de) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-13 Weyand, Kurt, Dr.-Ing. Verfahren zur Kompensation des Temperaturkoeffizienten der Spulenkonstanten von Magnetfeldspulen
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CN106451819A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 西南交通大学 一种无线电能传输系统及其等效阻抗的控制方法
CN106451819B (zh) * 2016-11-18 2019-01-18 西南交通大学 一种无线电能传输系统及其等效阻抗的控制方法

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