WO2015133559A1 - スフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸 - Google Patents
スフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015133559A1 WO2015133559A1 PCT/JP2015/056448 JP2015056448W WO2015133559A1 WO 2015133559 A1 WO2015133559 A1 WO 2015133559A1 JP 2015056448 W JP2015056448 W JP 2015056448W WO 2015133559 A1 WO2015133559 A1 WO 2015133559A1
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- hyaluronic acid
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- sphingosine monophosphate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/61—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule the organic macromolecular compound being a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/661—Phosphorus acids or esters thereof not having P—C bonds, e.g. fosfosal, dichlorvos, malathion or mevinphos
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P41/00—Drugs used in surgical methods, e.g. surgery adjuvants for preventing adhesion or for vitreum substitution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0063—Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides, e.g. keratan sulfate; Derivatives thereof, e.g. fucoidan
- C08B37/0072—Hyaluronic acid, i.e. HA or hyaluronan; Derivatives thereof, e.g. crosslinked hyaluronic acid (hylan) or hyaluronates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate. More specifically, the present invention relates to hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate which is useful as an active ingredient of a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
- LSEC hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells
- S1P sphingosine monophosphate
- S1P a sphingolipid mediator
- S1P is known to have an anti-apoptotic effect (Cuvillier et al., Nature, 381, pp.800-803, 1996) and suppresses LSEC apoptosis in alcoholic liver injury (Dong-Mei ⁇ Zheng et al. Hepatology, 44, pp. 1278-1287, 2006) and inhibiting renal damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (Lee et al. Nephrology, 2011) have also been reported.
- S1P is a metabolite of sphingolipids that make up biological membranes, and since it is abundant in platelets and endothelial cells, S1P itself can be used for the prevention and / or treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting LSEC. There is a problem that can not be.
- the S1P receptor agonist FTY720 (fingolimod hydrochloride: converted to FTY720 phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase in vivo) reduces liver damage caused by hypoxia / reoxygenation
- FTY720 fingolimod hydrochloride: converted to FTY720 phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase in vivo
- This compound will act as an antagonist of S1P on long-term administration.
- this compound has a chemical structure similar to sphingosine as a whole, but because it has a phenylene group in the carbon chain, it is not a direct derivative of S1P but a compound for using S1P itself for LSEC protection is not.
- Hyaluronic acid has been reported to accumulate in LSEC after intravascular administration (FraserFJ et al. Cell Tissue Res., 242, .pp.505-510, ⁇ 1985) and hyaluronic acid receptor (HARE / Stabilin-2) has been reported to be expressed specifically in LSEC (Bin Zhou et al. J. Biol.
- the present invention is to provide a substance that can reduce liver damage caused by hypoxia / reoxygenation by protecting LSEC. More specifically, substances that can be efficiently accumulated in LSEC by an administration form such as intravenous administration, exhibit an anti-apoptotic effect, and reduce liver damage due to hypoxia / reoxygenation by protecting LSEC It is an object of the present invention to provide
- hyaluronic acid modified with S1P is very efficiently accumulated in LSEC, and that this modified hyaluronic acid is caused by low oxygen / reoxygen load. It was found that LSEC has high effectiveness in suppressing apoptosis.
- S1P-modified hyaluronic acid to mammals including humans by administration routes such as intravenous administration, it is possible to effectively prevent and / or treat liver damage caused by hypoxia / reoxygenation. I found out that I can do it.
- the present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate is provided.
- This hyaluronic acid can be obtained by covalently binding sphingosine monophosphate to hyaluronic acid.
- hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate which can be obtained by condensing hyaluronic acid and sphingosine monophosphate.
- This hyaluronic acid can be preferably obtained by amide bond between the carboxyl group of hyaluronic acid and the amino group of sphingosine monophosphate.
- a medicament for preventing and / or treating liver failure associated with hepatic ischemia / reperfusion which comprises hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate as an active ingredient
- a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of liver failure after hepatic surgery with hepatic blood flow block comprising hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate as an active ingredient.
- liver surgery involving hepatic blood flow blockage include liver transplantation and partial hepatectomy.
- a medicament for preventing and / or treating liver failure caused by hypoxia / reoxygenation caused by hepatic ischemia / reperfusion comprising hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate as an active ingredient
- a medicine for suppressing apoptosis of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells caused by hypoxia / reoxygenation load caused by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, comprising hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine 1-phosphate as an active ingredient is provided.
- a method for preventing and / or treating hepatic failure associated with hepatic ischemia / reperfusion the use of hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate for the manufacture of the above-mentioned medicament
- a method comprising the steps of: administering a prophylactic and / or therapeutically effective amount of hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate to a mammal, including a human; prevention of hepatic failure after liver surgery with hepatic blood flow blockage and / or Or a therapeutic method comprising the step of administering to a mammal, including a human, a prophylactic and / or therapeutically effective amount of hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate; hypoxia / regeneration caused by hepatic ischemia reperfusion
- a method for the prevention and / or treatment of liver failure caused by oxygen load wherein mammals including humans
- Hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate provided by the present invention can be very efficiently accumulated in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and can suppress apoptosis of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells due to hypoxia / reoxygenation .
- the pharmaceutical comprising hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate provided by the present invention as an active ingredient is high in prevention and / or treatment of liver failure caused by hypoxia / reoxygenation accompanying hepatic ischemia / reperfusion Because of its effectiveness, it is extremely useful as a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of liver failure after liver surgery with hepatic blood flow blockade.
- Example 2 is an NMR chart of hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate synthesized in Example 1 of the Examples. It is the figure which showed the experimental procedure of 4 groups in Example 2 of an Example. It is the figure which showed the measurement result of liver function (ALT). It is the figure which showed the result which confirmed the expression of Cleaved
- the present invention provides hyaluronic acid modified with sphingosine monophosphate (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “HA-S1P”).
- HA-S1P can be obtained by covalently binding sphingosine 1-phosphate to hyaluronic acid, for example, by condensing hyaluronic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate in the presence of a condensing agent.
- an amide bond may be generated by condensation between the carboxyl group of hyaluronic acid and the amino group of sphingosine monophosphate.
- the mode of covalent bonding of sphingosine monophosphate to hyaluronic acid is not limited to the amide bond described above, and may be an ester bond between the carboxyl group of hyaluronic acid and the hydroxyl group of sphingosine monophosphate.
- Hyaluronic acid is a polymer in which a disaccharide unit of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid (the molecular weight of this unit is about 400) is connected, and generally has a molecular weight of about 5,000 to 8,000,000. For example, about 1,500 disaccharide units are contained in hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of 600,000, and about 20 disaccharide units are contained in hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of 8,000.
- Hyaluronic acid is generally available in free form as hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. As used herein, the term “hyaluronic acid” includes sodium hyaluronate. Hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate is provided for foods and cosmetics, and is also used as a medicine.
- sodium hyaluronate used for osteoarthritis has a molecular weight of about 600,000 to 1,200,000 (trade name “Alz”) and about 500,000 to 730,000 (trade name “Hyalgan”).
- the molecular weight is about 600,000 to 1,200,000 (trade name “Opegan”)
- the molecular weight is about 1,900,000 to 3,900,000 (trade name “Opegan-High”)
- the molecular weight is about 1,900,000 to 3,900,000 (trade name “Hearon”)
- 1,530,000 to About 2,130,000 (trade name “Opelead”) is used, but low molecular weight of about 10,000 to 100,000 and ultra-low molecular weight of about 500 to 5,000 are also provided by enzyme treatment. ing.
- the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid used as a raw material for preparing HA-S1P of the present invention is not particularly limited, and hyaluronic acid having various molecular weights can be used in addition to those exemplified above.
- a material having an average molecular weight of about 500,000 to 700,000 or hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight of about 8,000 by enzyme treatment can be used as a raw material.
- the origin of the hyaluronic acid used as a raw material for preparing the hyaluronic acid modified with the sphingosine monophosphate of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, any origin such as a chicken crown or a fermentation origin Also good.
- the method for producing HA-S1P of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be easily produced by condensing hyaluronic acid and sphingosine monophosphate in the presence of a condensing agent.
- the type of the condensing agent is not particularly limited, and any generally usable condensing agent can be used.
- a carbodiimide condensing agent, an imidazole condensing agent, a triazine condensing agent, and the like can be used.
- carbodiimide condensing agent examples include N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N, N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) hydrochloride, etc.
- EDC can be used particularly preferably.
- N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) can also be used as a carboxylic acid activator together with a condensing agent.
- the condensation reaction is generally carried out by adding a condensing agent such as EDC and an activator of carboxylic acid such as NHS to hyaluronic acid (free form), and then adding sphingosine monophosphate to room temperature or under heating. What is necessary is just to react for several days from time.
- the reaction can be carried out using about 0.5 to 2 ⁇ g of sphingosine monophosphate per 1 mg of hyaluronic acid.
- the condensing agent can be used in an amount of about 1 to 20 molar equivalents, preferably about 10 molar equivalents relative to sphingosine monophosphate.
- the reaction can be performed, for example, in a solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane or a mixed solvent thereof, or in the absence of a solvent.
- a solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane or a mixed solvent thereof, or in the absence of a solvent.
- the desired product can be usually obtained by removing EDC, NHS and unreacted sphingosine monophosphate by means such as dialysis.
- the binding of sphingosine monophosphate to hyaluronic acid can usually be confirmed by NMR.
- a modified product in which about 10 to 50%, preferably about 12 to 40%, of the total number of carboxylic acids of one molecule of hyaluronic acid is bonded to the amine of sphingosine monophosphate may be prepared.
- the number of sphingosine monophosphates bonded per molecule of hyaluronic acid is, for example, determined by proton NMR using the N-acetyl group of hyaluronic acid (1.8 ppm) and the terminal methyl group and methylene group of the lipid part of sphingosine monophosphate (0.9 ppm and 0.9 ppm). 1.1 ppm) can be determined by calculating the integral value.
- HA-S1P provided by the present invention efficiently accumulates in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and can suppress apoptosis of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells due to hypoxia / reoxygenation.
- the medicament contained as is useful as a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of liver failure associated with hepatic ischemia / reperfusion.
- the type of treatment or therapy that causes hepatic ischemia / reperfusion is not particularly limited, and for example, liver surgery with hepatic blood flow interruption can be cited as a typical treatment. Examples of such liver surgery include, for example, liver transplantation and partial hepatectomy, but are not limited to these, and the blood flow is blocked by temporarily clipping the blood vessels leading to the liver.
- liver failure caused by hypoxia / reoxygenation caused by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion results in apoptosis of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells due to hypoxia / reoxygenation
- the medicament of the present invention has an action of suppressing this apoptosis.
- the medicament of the present invention can be generally administered to mammals including humans by parenteral administration such as intravenous administration or intraperitoneal administration.
- parenteral administration such as intravenous administration or intraperitoneal administration.
- intravenous administration usual means such as intravenous injection and infusion can be employed.
- the medicament of the present invention can be intravascularly administered from the portal vein during surgery.
- low molecular weight hyaluronic acid it may be possible to administer by liquid or capsule by oral administration. It is desirable to administer it for several minutes to about 1 hour before blood flow interruption, for example, about 10 minutes to 30 minutes before, but there is no particular limitation as long as it is before blood flow interruption .
- the pharmaceutical agent of the present invention is administered so that a sufficient amount of the pharmaceutical agent of the present invention remains in the liver, although the medicament of the present invention can be administered immediately before transplantation, such administration method can be appropriately selected and is not limited to a specific embodiment.
- the medicament of the present invention is usually provided as an injection or a drop in the form of an aqueous solution or in the form of a lyophilized product.
- an additive for preparations usually used for the production of injections or drops is used. It may be used.
- a pH adjuster, stabilizer, or buffering agent can be used, and in the case of a lyophilized preparation, a solubilizing agent can be used in addition to these.
- a solubilizing agent can be used in addition to these. It is not limited to pharmaceutical additives, and those skilled in the art can select appropriate pharmaceutical additives according to the purpose.
- Example 1 Synthesis of HA-S1P Hyaluronic acid (2 mg / ml, molecular weight 600,000, or molecular weight 8,000) 5 ml of EDC (100 mg / ml) 95.85 ⁇ l, NHS (100 mg / ml) 57.535 Add ⁇ l and stir well. Thereto, 67.378 ⁇ l of S1P (25 mg / ml) was added and stirred at 55 ° C. for 24 hours. Dialysis operation was performed to remove EDC, NHS, and unbound S1P.
- Example 2 (1) Method animals 200 to 250 g of male Sprague-Dawley (hereinafter SD) rats were obtained from Nippon Claire Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Four groups of SD rats were studied.
- Liver ischemia model Rats were injected with each drug into the tail vein. Ten minutes after injection, the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct were collectively occluded for 20 minutes using a microclip. After 20 minutes of total liver ischemia, the occlusion was released. After 120 minutes of reperfusion, liver tissue was removed from 10-15 rats in each group for pathological examination. In addition, blood was collected immediately before drug injection and 30, 60, 120 minutes after reperfusion.
- Tissue preparation Liver tissue was fixed in 10% buffered formalin and subsequently embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue sections from each group were evaluated. The sinusoidal structure was observed in the medium magnification field (x200) including the portal vein and central vein in the same visual field.
- x200 medium magnification field
- Liver tissue was stored at -80 ° C. and homogenized in 150 mmol / L NaCl, 50 mM TrisCl, 1% NP-40, and protease inhibitor. The sample was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected for analysis. Samples were separated by electrophoresis using 12% dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Anti-cleaved caspase 3 antibody (9661) and HO-1 antibody (5141) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA) were used as primary antibodies. Anti-rabbit IgG HRP linked (7074) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA) was used as a secondary antibody.
- Biochemical analysis Serum ALT levels were measured using an automated analyzer (Fuji Dry Chem 7000V, Fuji Film, Tokyo, Japan) to evaluate liver parenchymal disorders.
- Electron microscope The hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells after ischemia-reperfusion were evaluated with an electron microscope.
- the liver was rapidly removed 120 minutes after reperfusion.
- a sample removed from the left liver lobe was excised into 1 mm 3 and stored in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. 1% osmium tetroxide was used for post-fixation. Thereafter, it was dehydrated through alcohol stepwise and embedded in Epon.
- Ultrathin sections were prepared on a copper grid using Ultracut S microtome (Leica Aktiengesellschaft, Vienna, Austria). Sections were adjusted with uranyl acetate to enhance contrast and passed through citrate. The specimens were observed using a Hitachi H-7000 transmission electron microscope (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).
- Rats were anesthetized with somnopentyl and isoflurane, and various drugs were administered via the tail vein after blood collection. Rats were laparotomized and 10 minutes after drug administration, 20 minutes of total liver ischemia was performed using microclips. After 20 minutes, the clip was removed for reperfusion, and blood collection was performed 30, 60, and 120 minutes after reperfusion. After 120 minutes, the rat was sacrificed and liver tissue (left lobe) was collected. The experimental procedure is shown in FIG.
- Example 3 Confirmation of S1P Accumulation in Liver by Western Blot Expression of S1P in liver tissue was confirmed by Western blotting by the following method. Rat liver tissue stored at ⁇ 80 ° C. was homogenized using buffers prepared from various reagents (150 mmol / L NaCl, 50 mM Tris-Cl, 1% NP-40, protease inhibitor). The sample was centrifuged for analysis and the supernatant was collected. The collected samples were separated using a 10% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Millipore, Bedford, Mass.). Anti-S1P antibody (ab140592) (1: 1000, rabbit polyclonal, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) was used as the primary antibody. Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked antibody (# 7074S) (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverley, MA, USA) was used as the secondary antibody.
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Abstract
Description
例1:HA-S1Pの合成
ヒアルロン酸(2 mg/ml, 分子量600,000のもの、又は分子量8,000のもの) 5 mlにEDC(100 mg/ml)を95.85 μl、NHS(100 mg/ml)を57.535 μl加えてよくかき混ぜた。そこにS1P(25 mg/ml) 67.378 μlを加えて55℃で撹拌し24時間反応させた。透析操作を行いEDC、NHS、及び未結合のS1Pの除去を行った。S1Pの導入はNMRを測定して1.15 ppm付近のピークが存在することにより確認した(図1)。このヒアルロン酸のカルボン酸に結合したS1Pの量は13.5~40%であった。
例2
(1)方法
動物
200~250gの雄性Sprague-Dawley(以下SD)ラットは日本クレア株式会社(日本、東京)より入手した。4グループのSDラットについて研究した。
S1Pの溶媒であるメタノール投与グループ(投与内容はメタノール50μl+3%BSA150μl、計200μl)、HA投与グループ(投与内容は8kDaのHAを0.32564g/lでメタノール:超純水=1:3に溶解、計200μl)、S1P投与グループ(投与内容はS1P投与量として100μg/kg、S1P50μl+3%BSA150μl、計200μl)、HA-S1P投与グループ(投与内容はS1P投与量として100μg/kg、北大で作成したHA-S1P製剤を0.358g/lでメタノール:超純水=1:3に溶解、計200μl)について研究した。
動物実験で用いた全ての手順は、筑波大学の動物実験における対処および用途の指針に述べられている基準に従った。
各々の薬剤をラットに尾静脈注射した。注射10分後にマイクロクリップを用いて肝動脈・門脈・胆管を20分間一括閉塞させた。20分の全肝虚血後、閉塞を解除した。再灌流120分後に、病理検査のために、各グループ10~15匹のラットから肝組織を除去した。また、薬剤注射直前と再灌流の30、60、120分後に血液を採取した。
肝組織を10%緩衝ホルマリン中で固定し、続いてパラフィン中に埋め込み、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオジンを用いて染色した。各グループの組織切片を評価した。門脈・中心静脈を同一視野に含んだ中倍率フィールド(x200)において、類洞構造を観察した。
プロメガ株式会社のDeadEnd(登録商標) Colorimetric TUNEL System(G7360)を用いて、アポトーシス陽性細胞を免疫組織化学的に検出した。各グループの組織切片を評価した。無作為に選択した門脈を中心とする10の強倍率フィールド(x400)において、TUNEL陽性細胞と肝細胞総数をカウントした。これをTUNLE陽性細胞数/肝細胞総数の比で示してグループ毎に比較した。
肝組織は-80℃で保存し、150mmol/LのNaClと50mMのTrisCl、1%NP-40、蛋白質分解酵素阻害剤の中でホモジナイズした。サンプルを遠心して上清を解析用に採取した。サンプルは12%ドデシル硫酸塩とポリアクリルアミドゲルを用いて電気泳動して分離させ、ニトロセルロースメンブレン(Millipore、Bedford、MA、USA)に転写させた。一次抗体として抗cleaved caspase 3抗体(9661)とHO-1抗体(5141)(Cell Signaling Technology、Beverly、MA、USA)を用いた。二次抗体として抗ウサギIgG HRP linked(7074)(Cell Signaling Technology、Beverly、MA、USA)を用いた。
肝実質障害を評価するため、血清ALT値を自動分析器(富士ドライケム7000V、富士フィルム、東京、日本)を用いて測定した。
虚血再灌流後の肝類洞内皮細胞を電子顕微鏡で評価した。再灌流120分後に肝臓を迅速に摘出した。肝左葉から摘出したサンプルを1mm3に切除し2.5%グルタールアルデヒドに保存した。後固定に1%四酸化オスミウムを用いた。その後、濃度段階的にアルコールを通して脱水しエポン包埋した。超薄切片はUltracut S microtome(Leica Aktiengesellschaft、Vienna、Austria)を用いてカッパーグリッドで作成した。切片はコントラストを強調させるためにウラニル酢酸塩で調整してクエン酸塩を通した。標本は日立H-7000透過型電子顕微鏡(日立、東京、日本)を用いて観察した。
統計分析はKruskal Wallis H-testと、post hoc testにMann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correctionを用いた。統計的に有意であるとしてp<0.05を受け入れた。
200~250 gのSDラットを用いて4つの実験群(A)~(D)を作成した。(A)S1Pの溶媒であるメタノール単独のVehicle群(メタノール50μl+3% BSA150μl、計200μl)、(B)ヒアルロン酸単独のHA群(8000 kDaのヒアルロン酸を0.32564 g/Lとなるようにメタノール:超純水=1:3に溶解したもの、計200μl)、(C)S1P単独のS1P群(S1P投与量としては100μg/kg、メタノールに溶解したS1P50μl + 3% BSA 150μl、計200μl)、(D)HA-S1P群(S1P投与量としては100μg/kg、HA-S1Pを0.358 g/Lとなるようにメタノール:超純水=1:3に溶解したもの、計200 μl)。ラットをソムノペンチルとイソフルランを用いて全身麻酔し、採血後に各種薬剤を尾静脈より投与した。ラットを開腹し薬剤投与10分後にマイクロクリップを用いて20分間の全肝虚血を施行した。20分後にクリップを外して再灌流させ、再灌流から30、60、及び120分後に採血を施行した。120分後にはラットを犠牲死させて肝組織(左葉)を採取した。実験手順を図2に示す。
血清ALTは再灌流30分後にVehicle・S1P群と比較してHA-S1P群が有意に低値であった。再灌流60分後はVehicle・HA・S1P群と比較してHA-S1P群が有意に低値であった。再灌流120分後にHA群と比較してHA-S1P群で有意に低値であった。結果を図3に示す。
ウェスタンブロットによりアポトーシス関連蛋白であるcleaved caspase 3の発現を文献記載の方法(Tamura et al., J Surg Res, 178, pp.443-451, 2012)により確認したところHA-S1P群でのみ抑制されていた。このことから、HA-S1P投与群が有意にアポトーシスを抑制していると示唆された。また、肝保護作用をもつHO-1の発現がHA-S1P群でのみ増加していた。結果を図4に示す。
HE染色ではHA-S1Pでは類洞構造が保たれているのに対して、他の群では類洞の狭小化や蛇行を認めた(図5)。TUNEL染色ではHA-S1P群では陽性細胞をほとんど認めなかったが、他の群では虚血再灌流障害を受け易いとされる門脈近傍のZone1を中心として陽性細胞を認めた(図6)。またTUNEL染色の各サンプルにおいてZone1を中心に400倍視野で10視野ずつTUNEL陽性細胞数/総肝細胞数としてカウントし定量化するとHA-S1P群で有意にTUNEL陽性細胞率が低い結果となった(図7)。
電子顕微鏡像ではHA-S1P群においてLSECの裏打ち構造が保たれているのに対して、他の群ではLSECが障害されて類洞内に剥がれている像が確認された(図8)。
下記の方法でウェスタンブロットにより肝組織内でのS1Pの発現を確認した。
-80℃で保存したラットの肝組織を各種試薬(150mmol/L NaCl, 50mM Tris-Cl, 1% NP-40, 蛋白分解酵素阻害剤)より作製したバッファーを用いてホモジェナイズした。解析するためにサンプルを遠心して上清を採取した。採取したサンプルは10%SDS-PAGEゲルを用いて分離し、ニトロセルロース膜(Millipore, Bedford, MA)へ転写した。1次抗体としてAnti-S1P antibody(ab140592)(1:1000, rabbit polyclonal, Abcam, Cambridge, UK)を用いた。2次抗体としてAnti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked antibody(#7074S)(1:1000, Cell Signalling Technology, Beverley, MA, USA)を使用した。
Claims (9)
- スフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸。
- スフィンゴシン1リン酸をヒアルロン酸に共有結合することにより得ることができる請求項1に記載のスフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸。
- ヒアルロン酸とスフィンゴシン1リン酸とを縮合することにより得ることができる請求項2に記載のスフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸。
- ヒアルロン酸のカルボキシル基とスフィンゴシン1リン酸のアミノ基とをアミド結合させることにより得ることができる請求項3に記載のスフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸。
- 肝虚血再灌流に伴う肝不全の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬であって、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載のスフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸を有効成分として含む医薬。
- 肝血流遮断を伴う肝手術後の肝不全の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬であって、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載のスフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸を有効成分として含む医薬。
- 肝血流遮断を伴う肝手術が肝移植や肝部分切除である請求項6に記載の医薬。
- 肝虚血再灌流により生じる低酸素/再酸素負荷に起因する肝不全の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬であって、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載のスフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸を有効成分として含む医薬。
- 肝虚血再灌流により生じる低酸素/再酸素負荷に起因する肝類洞内皮細胞のアポトーシスを抑制するための医薬であって、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載のスフィンゴシン1リン酸により修飾されたヒアルロン酸を有効成分として含む医薬。
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KR1020167024519A KR101994517B1 (ko) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-03-05 | 스핑고신-1-인산에 의해 수식된 히알루론산 |
EP15759216.3A EP3115378A4 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-03-05 | Hyaluronic acid modified by sphingosine-1-phosphoric acid |
US15/123,359 US10485874B2 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-03-05 | Hyaluronic acid modified by sphingosine-1-phosphoric acid |
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NAOKI SANO ET AL.: "Hyaluronic Acid Juyotai o Mochiita Kan Ruido Naihi Saibo e Shuseki suru Shinki Drug delivery system Seizai no Kaihatsu", DAI 30 KAI ANNUAL MEETING OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM PROGRAM YOKOSHU, vol. 30th, 1 July 2014 (2014-07-01), pages 169, XP008184901 * |
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KR101994517B1 (ko) | 2019-06-28 |
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US20170056509A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
EP3115378A4 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
CN106414507A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
US10485874B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
CN106414507B (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
KR20160143646A (ko) | 2016-12-14 |
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