Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
  • E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
  • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
  • E04H12/08—Structures made of specified materials of metal
  • E04H12/10—Truss-like structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
  • E04H9/16—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against adverse conditions, e.g. extreme climate, pests
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B2001/0053—Buildings characterised by their shape or layout grid

Definitions

• Lattice mast with an open truss structure in particular electricity or telecommunications mast and method for increasing the stability of lattice towers with an open truss structure
• the invention relates to a lattice mast with an open truss structure of angle profiles, in particular a power or telecommunications mast.
• the invention further relates to a method for increasing the stability of a lattice mast with an open truss structure of angle profiles, in particular of electricity or telecommunications masts.
• a lattice mast in the sense of the present invention, for example, a mast for receiving electrical transmission lines to understand.
• a radio mast or antenna mast or telecommunication mast is also to be understood as a lattice mast in the sense of the present invention.
• lattice towers with open truss structures may also be lattice towers on bridges or pylons.
• a lattice mast in the context of the present invention may also be a mast for receiving a wind power generator.
• the aerodynamic fairing according to the present invention is intended for open truss structures with angle profiles.
• Angle profiles comprehensive framework structures have the advantage that they are particularly lightweight and the individual profile struts are relatively easy to connect to each other, for example, by riveting, welding or screwing.
• Such lattice towers are usually constructed from a series of superimposed structural elements, each step forming a truss structure having three or more trapezoidal truss panels, each out consist of braced corner supports.
• the corner supports are designed as angle profiles, these connecting struts can also be partially formed as angle profiles, in part also as tab profiles.
• the design of such framework structures is usually the
• the sizing or dimensioning of the structural elements forming the framework structure is dependent, on the one hand, on the free buckling length of the individual elements, the tension or compressive stress prevailing in them, and, on the other hand, the interaction of longitudinal forces and lateral forces, which are registered in the structure, for example by wind loads.
• the invention has for its object to provide a lattice mast, which has a design that is relatively easy to produce by way of retrofitting.
• the invention is further based on the object to provide a suitable method for increasing the stability of lattice towers in the sense of retrofitting.
• a lattice mast is provided with an open truss structure of angle profiles, in particular a power or telecommunications mast comprising at least one or more cladding profiles extending over at least a partial length of at least one angle profile, wherein at least one cladding profile has an inflow surface and a Flow cutoff forms a wind exposed edge of the angle profile, wherein the inflow surface has a Strömungswiderstandsbeiwert that is smaller than that of the unshaded angle profile.
• the inflow surface is at least approximately spherically curved or has a polygonal or faceted contour, which is approximated to a spherical or elliptical arc contour.
• "Faceted” in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning a polygonal surface which approximates to an arc contour.
• the invention makes use of the fact that the wind load on a building is determined from the product of a reference pressure with a flow resistance coefficient and the exposed surface of the building.
• Wind flow around a structural element of the relevant truss structure for example, an angle profile. Sharp edges of a profile tend to
• the drag coefficient Cw (dimensionless) may be on the order of about 2.0, while for round members or, for example, spherical members as well, it may be between about 0.176 and 0.48, depending on the Reynolds number. With very large Reynolds numbers, the resistance coefficient of a sphere increases, whereas it can assume low values at relatively low Reynolds numbers.
• the invention makes use of these and per se known fluidic relationships.
• the drag coefficient of at least some of the exposed angle profiles can be significantly reduced, thereby also significantly reducing the wind load on the structure. In the simplest case, this can be achieved, for example, by shading at least one exposed critical edge of an angle profile with a trim profile, the trim profile having a having rounded or curved inflow surface.
• a lattice mast for example, be provided to shade all or some corner supports or corner profiles by means of appropriate trim profiles.
• These cladding profiles can, for example, be fastened only over partial lengths of the respective angle profiles with the latter and shade the angle profiles only over a partial length in each case. It is also possible within the scope of the invention to clad only the nodes of the framework accordingly.
• the clothing profiles along the cladded angle profile with variable cross-sections can be designed so as to prevent possible vortex excitations, or to optimize the aerodynamic damping.
• the relevant cladding profile can be arranged such that it shades off the vertex of an angle profile which, for example, forms an isosceles triangle in cross section.
• the construction is usually chosen so that the corner posts are formed as angle sections with substantially isosceles cross-section, with the vertices of the respective angle profiles facing outward.
• Vertex points a significant reduction in wind load is achieved.
• the curved inflow surface is at least one
• Cladding profiles arranged symmetrically to the relevant profile edge.
• the at least one cladding profile has a maximum projection area which is at most 60%, preferably at most 40%, further preferably at most 20% greater than the maximum projection area of the unobstructed dressed angle profile is. This ensures that the inflow area, which is included in the calculation of the wind load, is not increased in comparison with the unclad profile so that the advantage of the reduced flow resistance value is thereby completely consumed.
• the diameter of the relevant cladding profile may be a maximum of 20% greater than the diagonal of an angle profile formed as a corner profile.
• a variant of the lattice mast according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one lining profile with at least one angle profile forms a structural composite.
• the at least one trim profile can be selected, for example, by means of one or more fastening types from a group comprising gluing, riveting, welding, clamping, burying, binding, screwing, stapling or
• Foams be connected to at least one angle profile. Combinations of these types of attachment are also possible.
• a trim profile can be glued to the relevant angle profile, but at the same time this can also be secured by means of clamps, bandages or the like, which span the angle profile and the trim profile, in addition.
• the at least one trim profile supplements the angle profile to form a closed profile cross-section.
• This may, for example, be understood to mean that Cladding profile closes or covers only one open side of an angle profile.
• the cladding profile comprises a plurality of interconnected via a hinge, such as a film hinge elements.
• a plurality of cladding profiles form a closed or approximately closed, the angle profile at least partially enclosing profile cross-section.
• These cladding profiles can for example be releasably connected to each other, alternatively they can be secured in this example, partially overlapping manner by means of clamping elements, the angle profile encompassing this.
• a plurality of cladding profiles complement each other to a closed or approximately closed spherical or ellipsoidal cross-section.
• the profile cross-section formed by one or more trim profiles can completely enclose the angle profile. This profile cross-section does not have to be symmetrical, but the cladding profiles can also form an asymmetrical ellipsoidal cross-section.
• the angle profile to be covered is an angle profile with two profile legs and an angle peak
• the angle peak may be shadowed by a first trim profile having a first small radius of curvature
• the open side of the angle profile is shadowed by a second fairing profile having a second larger radius.
• an inflow side is defined by the first angle profile, over which an air flow is carried over the free ends of the legs of the angle profile.
• the at least one or the cladding profiles can, as mentioned, be designed as shell-shaped profile segments, alternatively, in particular if the cladding profiles or the cladding profiles each form a supplement to the profile cross-section of the angle profile, these can also be formed as solid profiles.
• the shell-shaped profile segments can be arranged at a distance from the respective angle profile, for example, the shell-shaped profile segments can be mounted via webs at a distance from the angle profile.
• At least one or the cladding profiles are foam-backed, wherein the foam simultaneously provides an adhesion to the respective angle profile.
• the at least one or the cladding profiles can also be designed as shell-shaped profile segments whose free edges are extended by fringes, fibers or hole profiles.
• profile legs it is possible to prevent vortex formation at the free ends of the profile legs, which also a relatively favorable aerodynamic effect is achieved.
• a method of increasing the stability of lattice towers having an open truss structure of angle profiles, in particular power or telecommunication towers, using at least one fairing profile comprising lining at least one angle profile with at least one fairing profile. profile having at least one at least approximately spherically curved or faceted inflow surface, such that at least one wind exposed edge of the angle profiles is shaded by the respective trim profile, wherein the angle profile at least partially to a substantially closed or approximately closed at least partially and at least Approximately round or faceted profile cross section is complemented or clad.
• the method is preferably characterized by a subsequent upgrading of a lattice mast to an aerodynamically lined lattice mast with one of the features described above.
• the cladding profiles in particular those designed as a structural composite with an angle profile, are connected at intersections of the truss structure to the angle profiles and / or with each other in a force-locking, positive or materially bonded manner, for example by gluing, plugging, Clamp, bolt or bolt.
• a force-locking, positive or materially bonded manner for example by gluing, plugging, Clamp, bolt or bolt.
• the trim profiles are preferably connected to each other and / or with the angle profiles only at the nodes of the truss structure.
• the aerodynamic cladding on lattice towers have been described above, wherein the previously described variants of the cladding can be used on a single lattice mast in combination.
• the aerodynamic cladding of all profiles and profile struts of the truss structure is possible, wherein, as also indicated above, only parts of this lattice mast or even nodes of the truss can be clad accordingly.
• the cladding profiles can be formed both as individual profile shell segments as well as individual solid profile elements or from several inseparably interconnected profile segments.
• the method preferably comprises fastening the cladding profiles to the lattice mast with a truss structure using at least one climbing robot.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a lattice mast as
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a corner support of the one shown in FIG.
• Lattice mast with an aerodynamic fairing according to a second variant according to the invention as an exploded view.
• the lattice mast 1 in Figure 1 is more conventional than conventional
• Stahifachwerkkonstrutation formed with four corner posts 2, which are formed in the present case as an open angle sections 3 with two equal legs 4 and an angle vertex 10.
• the lattice mast in the region of its erection occupies a relatively large set-up area, the four corner supports 2 of the lattice mast 1 converge in the direction of the mast top 5.
• two corner supports 2 together with transverse struts 6 form trapezoidal fields Mast step.
• Each mast step is described in total by four trapezoidal fields, several mast steps extend in height from the base of the lattice mast 1 to the mast top 5.
• the individual fields of the steps of the lattice mast 1 are formed as truss structures with diagonal struts, depending on the height of the Transverse load of the lattice mast 1 as a push rods or act as tension rods.
• the slender in the direction of the mast tip 5 shape of the lattice mast 1 is due to the expected bending stress of the lattice mast 1 due to wind load and due to the load of the lines.
• the lines 7 are suspended in a known manner on mast booms 8.
• the geometry of the mast boom 8 is adjusted in a known manner the expected bending moment course due to the weight of the lines 7.
• FIG. 2 which illustrates a first exemplary embodiment according to the invention, shows a sectional view of a corner support 2 of the lattice mast 1 as an angle profile 3 in the sense of the present application.
• provided diagonal struts and other construction elements can also be correspondingly aerodynamically disguised as angle profiles in the context of the invention.
• a first cladding profile 9a is formed as a profile shell segment with a first radius of curvature and a second cladding profile 9b as a second profile shell segment with a second radius of curvature.
• the first cladding profile 9a as well as the second cladding profile 9b may, for example, be in the form of plastic shells which can be glued, screwed, riveted, stapled or otherwise connected to the angle profile 3.
• the first trim profile 9a is formed as a curved profile shell with a first smaller radius of curvature
• the second trim profile 9b also as a curved Profile shell is formed with a second larger radius of curvature.
• Both cladding profiles 9a and 9b completely enclose the angle profile and form a closed, asymmetrically ellipsoidal cross-section.
• the first cladding profile 9a forms an inflow surface
• Angle apex 10 of the symmetrically formed angle profile 3 shaded and surrounds.
• the first cladding profile 9a is connected to the latter in the region of the ends of the legs 4 of the symmetrical angle profile 3, or attached to the latter.
• the second cladding profile 9b which disguises and shadows the open side of the angle profile 3 opposite the angle vertex 10, has a relatively larger radius of curvature and is likewise fastened to the leg 4 of the angle profile 3 in the region of the ends.
• Figure 2 is primarily a
• the first cladding profile 9a is accordingly arranged symmetrically with respect to the angle vertex 10 and forms the windward side of the airfoil, whereas the second cladding profile 9b forms the lee side.
• the overall enclosing the angle profile 3 cladding is closed, but the invention is to be understood that the profile surface does not have to be completely closed, but this can also be on the leeward (second cladding 9b) only partially closed forms ,
• the maximum diameter of the first cladding profile 9a and thus of the entire clad profile cross-section is larger by a factor of 1.2 than a diagonal connecting the ends of the legs 4 of the angle profile 3.
• the projecting area of the fully clad angle profile 3 is greater by a factor of 1.2 than the projected area of the unclad angle profile 3.
• a first cladding profile 9a and a second cladding profile 9b are also provided, which are each formed as solid profiles, which are also connected to the legs 4 of the angle section 3 positively or cohesively.
• the cladding profiles 9a, 9b according to the second exemplary embodiment supplement the symmetrical angle profile 3 to form an asymmetrical elliptical profile approximating a round cross-section.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
• Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-02-12 DE DE102014001893.8A patent/DE102014001893A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2015
  • 2015-02-05 CN CN201580008372.1A patent/CN106164395B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-02-05 WO PCT/EP2015/052379 patent/WO2015121141A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2015-02-05 EP EP15704273.0A patent/EP3105394B1/de active Active
  • 2015-02-05 BR BR112016018568A patent/BR112016018568A2/pt active Search and Examination
  • 2015-02-05 JP JP2016569007A patent/JP6509257B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-02-05 US US15/117,947 patent/US20170016241A1/en not_active Abandoned

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