WO2015114042A1 - Kodierverfahren zur datenkompression von leistungsspektren eines optoelektronischen bauteils und dekodierverfahren - Google Patents
Kodierverfahren zur datenkompression von leistungsspektren eines optoelektronischen bauteils und dekodierverfahren Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T9/00—Image coding
- G06T9/007—Transform coding, e.g. discrete cosine transform
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
- H04N19/423—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation characterised by memory arrangements
- H04N19/426—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation characterised by memory arrangements using memory downsizing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/44—Decoders specially adapted therefor, e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for compressing one or more power spectra of an optoelectronic component and to a method for decompressing the power spectra.
- LED light-emitting diodes
- LEDs are used in various technical applications.
- LEDs are increasingly being used for lighting purposes.
- different LEDs with defined light characteristics can be produced.
- LEDs of the same component series produce more or less strong variations in the light characteristics. While in some applications of the LEDs a certain variance of the luminous properties proves to be unproblematic, certain special applications require the most accurate knowledge possible of the light characteristics of the LEDs used.
- the LED light detected by the human eye is already sufficiently characterized by means of a few macroscopic data, such as eg photometric brightness and color locus.
- a few macroscopic data such as eg photometric brightness and color locus.
- the light-power spectrum is for LED light which is detected by a sensor, in addition to the macro scopic ⁇ data as radiometric brightness, interesting, which has a significantly larger data volume.
- the camera module detects the light of an internal LED flash.
- LED chip individually controllable colors
- a storage of these data in the memory device integrated in the LED component therefore requires a relatively large storage volume, which is accompanied, among other things with relatively high production costs. Since the Speicherkapa ⁇ capacity and the size of the corresponding memory chips increases ⁇ , large storage volume are chen, especially in fields of application with significantly limited installation space relatively critical.
- the previous methods for the characterization of LED components include, among other things, the so-called "binning".
- the LED components are divided into so-called bins, each bin being assigned a parameter range.
- some parameters such as brightness and color.
- spectral information can not be meaningfully handled by binning due to the amount of data.
- so-called data file eg, laser codes
- the LEDs measured at ⁇ playing already at the chip level (wafer maps) and by means of unique codes will be provided.
- the data must the user while offline transmitted ⁇ to, for example in the form of data files, which allow to ⁇ arrangement of the data using the unique code of the LED components.
- This object is achieved by a coding method for compressing power spectra of optoelectronic components according to claim 1.
- the object is achieved by a decoding method for decompressing power spectra of optoelectronic components according to claim 14. Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
- At least one power spectrum of an optoelectronic component is provided and sampled at certain sampling wavelengths for generating a discrete output spectrum.
- the discrete output spectrum is then indexed to generate ei ⁇ nes output graph having discrete output values, wherein the wavelengths are replaced with continuous indexes.
- Then is generated by transforming the output ⁇ graph of an output area in an image area with- means of a discrete frequency transform an image graph with discrete image values.
- a Kom ⁇ pression of the image graph is carried out which identifies relevant and less relevant components of the image graph and the less relevant components are eliminated from the image graph.
- the compressed image ⁇ graph is digitized to produce compressed spectral data, each image value of the compressed image graphs a corresponding digital number with a certain bit depth zugeord ⁇ net.
- the transformation of the output graph takes place by means of a discrete cosine transformation.
- discrete cosine transformation it is relatively easy to separate important from unimportant signal components.
- discrete cosine transform can be used over comparable transforms, such as. the discrete Fourier transform, which dispenses with the complex calculation with complex numbers. As a result, computational effort in the coding and decoding of the power spectra can be saved.
- a cascading of the discrete frequency transformation takes place by storing image values with low indices of an image graph generated by means of the discrete frequency transformation and the remaining image values of the image graph
- Image graphs are transformed again using the discrete frequency transform.
- Transformations allow a successive concentration of relevant signal components on low indices without significant loss of overall information. This is especially true
- a further embodiment provides that image values are eliminated with an index above a threshold index at the compres sion of the image graph ⁇ , wherein the threshold is ⁇ value index predefined or dynamically determined.
- the filtering means of a threshold index represents a special ⁇ DERS simple yet very effective compression method. By simply moving the threshold index to the corresponding index scale, the compression method is very easy to optimize in terms of compression ratio and size of the compressed spectral data.
- spectral values of the power spectrum are multiplied by a first scaling factor before the sampling.
- the first scaling factor used is a constant value over the entire wavelength range or a function dependent on the wavelength, wherein the first scaling factor is fixed for a plurality of power spectrums or is determined dynamically as a function of the respective power spectrum.
- values of Leis ⁇ processing spectrum can be customized.
- scaling allows multiple power spectra on the power scale to be aligned.
- Using a function as a scaling factor allows for optimized scaling, while using fixed values as a scaling factor allows for a very simple scaling.
- the Ver ⁇ application of fixed before scaling factors is particularly appropriate when the power spectra of various optoelectronic components differ only slightly from each other.
- the decoder can work on the basis of a table, so that the scaling factor or the corresponding parameters of the scaling factor need not be transmitted to the decoder with the coded spectral data.
- the dynamic determination of the scaling factor offers an optimization of the scaling for each individual optoelectronic component.
- the image values are scaled by means of a second scaling factor, wherein a predetermined or dynamically determined constant value or a predetermined or dynamically determined function is used as the second scaling factor.
- a predetermined or dynamically determined constant value or a predetermined or dynamically determined function is used as the second scaling factor.
- a further embodiment provides that an envelope of the compressed image graph is determined for scaling and the image values of the compressed image graph are divided by corresponding values of the envelope.
- a logarithm of the absolute values of the image values of the compressed image graphs is formed to scale, wherein for image values with an index less than or equal to the threshold index ei ⁇ ne regression line using a linear regression be ⁇ true.
- An envelope of the compressed image graph is then determined by linear displacement of the regression ⁇ straight.
- the image values of the compressed image graph are divided by corresponding values of the envelope.
- sampling wavelengths enables a direct comparison of different power spectra.
- sampling and thus the entire coding process can be optimized by a dynamic determination of the scanning wavelengths.
- the sampling wavelength resolution the information content of the individual sampling points of the respective application can be optimized.
- negative values of the power spectrum are set to zero before the sampling. This can reduce the dynamic range of the power spectrum to be compressed without loss of information.
- a further embodiment provides that, to generate the discrete output graph, at least two different power spectra of the optoelectronic component are combined to form a common power spectrum and indexed together.
- the individual power spectra are directly connected to one another or separated from one another by means of filling values inserted before, between and / or behind the individual power spectra.
- the individual power spectra are scaled individually or together.
- fill values on the one hand to achieve an adaptation of the various power spectra.
- the insertion of fill values allows minimization of the distortion caused by the compression process in the outer regions of the single spectra. Due to the separate scaling of the power spectra, the individual spectra can be optimally scaled. By contrast, the amount of data can be reduced by a common scaling.
- the digitization of the compressed image graph is performed with a constant or a dynamically determined bit depth.
- the constant bit depth allows a particularly simple digitization.
- using the dynamically determined bit depth a weighting of the various frequency components with regard to the maximum quantization error can be achieved. This allows, for example, frequency components mapped with low indices having a high bit depth as possible ge ⁇ precisely, while frequency components are imaged with higher indices with a lower bit depth, and so a larger quantization error.
- Spectral data takes place. Certain parameters are adjusted of individual or several steps with a view to optimum data quantity and / or quality of the compression Kompri ⁇ -optimized spectral data and performing the corresponding process steps or the compression method with the arrival adapted parameters again.
- this estimation which can take place both after individual process steps and after a complete run of the compression algorithm, it can be ensured that the data volume of the compressed spectral data does not exceed the predetermined memory size. At the same time can be ensured so that a reconstructed on the basis of komprimier ⁇ th spectral range to match as closely as possible to the original range.
- the decoding method for decompressing a compressed power spectrum using a compression method first the compressed spectral values of the power spectrum are provided and a reversal of the digitization is carried out, wherein each digital number of the compressed spectral data is assigned an image value corresponding to the respective bit depth. Then a rescaling is performed, the image values being divided by the second scaling factor. Furthermore, an indexing of the image values for generating a reconstructed image graph is performed, wherein each image value is assigned a corresponding image index. Then, a discrete frequency inverse transform transformation used by the coder is applied to the reconstructed image graph to produce a reconstructed output graph. phen to produce.
- the decoder uses those parameters, which were used by the encoder for encoding the compressed spectral data.
- the image values of the reconstructed image graph are interpolated in order to generate additional image values.
- the additional image values are generated by applying the inverse transformation, reversing the indexing and rescaling desired intermediate values in the reconstructed power spectrum. This makes it relatively easy to generate certain spectral values in the reconstructed power spectrum that were not present in the original discrete power spectrum.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary arrangement for measuring and coding a power spectrum of an optoelectronic component by means of a measuring and coding device
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement for operating an optoelectronic component with a decoding device for decoding the compressed power spectrum of the respective optoelectronic component
- FIG. 3 shows by way of example a power spectrum of a light-emitting diode
- FIG. 5 shows an output graph composed of the three power spectra and generated by scaling and indexing
- FIG. 6 shows an image graph generated by discrete frequency transformation of the output graph
- FIG. 8 shows the image graph after reversing the logarithmic representation with an exponentially decreasing envelope
- FIG. 9 shows the image graph from FIG. 8 after scaling with a second scaling factor
- FIG. 10 shows by way of example a data record with compressed spectral data in the form of a table
- FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of a flow chart of the coding method according to the invention.
- Fig. 12 is a schematic representation of a flow chart of the decoding method according to the invention.
- the storage of power spectra of an optoelectronic device is subject to the high volume of data Such power spectra certain limitations.
- To store a power spectrum of an LED is due to the small size of the LED only a very ⁇ be patentedes storage volume.
- an appropriate data compression for compression of the power spectrum should be used.
- the coded output spectrum is then preferably also written proceedings of the light-emitting diode in the memory device of the Leuchtdi ⁇ ode within the Heinrichsverfah-.
- the encoding method described below uses a lossy compression method, are separated at the data in a major for the application part and a unwichti ⁇ gen part, and only the important part is vomit ⁇ chert.
- a typical unimportant part is z.
- the border between the important and the unimportant part is usually fluent. Therefore, it is possible to control accurately by adjusting this limit, which is done in the embodiment described above, by shifting the threshold index along the index scale image, the data size of kom ⁇ prim believing data.
- this form of compression is particularly well suited for optimizing the data size with regard to a limited storage volume, the shape of the input signal, the quality of the coder and the available data volume determine the quality of the compression, ie to what extent the decoded-coded with the original data.
- FIG. 1 A possible arrangement for coding the power spectra is shown in FIG. 1.
- a light 111 emitted by an optoelectronic semiconductor component 110 of an optoelectronic component 100 is received by a measuring device 220.
- the typically designed in the form of a spectrometer measuring device 220 determines the performance ⁇ spectrum of the incident light, and outputs this power ⁇ spectrum of data to an encoder 210 on.
- the Encoder 210 also referred to as Encoder or Encoder, uses a special algorithm to generate a set of encoded spectral data from the received power spectrum.
- the compressed spectral data are then transferred via a corresponding data interface 130 to the electro-optical component 100 and stored there in an internal memory device 120.
- the measuring device 220 and the coding device 210 in the schematic representation of FIG. 1 are combined to form a common measuring and coding device 200, the measuring process and the coding process can be carried out both temporally and spatially independently of one another.
- the storage of the coded spectral data in the memory device 120 may also take place before the mounting of the memory device 120 on the optoelectronic component 100.
- the reconstruction of the power spectrum from the compressed spectral data is preferably carried out using a suitable Dekodierein ⁇ direction, as shown for example in Figure 2.
- the compressed spectral data read out of the memory device 120 of the optoelectronic component 100 are thereby converted into a reconstructed power spectrum in the decoding device 310, which is also referred to as a decoder or decoder, essentially by a reversal of the method steps performed by the encoding device 210.
- the reconstructed power spectrum can be used directly depending on the application or stored in a memory for later use.
- the reconstructed power spectrum is supplied to a control device 320, which uses this information to carry out a control of the optoelectronic semiconductor chip 110 of the optoelectronic component 100.
- the controller may the reconstructed power ⁇ spectrum of the optoelectronic semiconductor chip 110 are used to control or evaluation of an optical sensor 330 320, which receives the light reflected from an object 340 light 111 of the optoelectronic semiconductor chip 110th
- This sensor device 330 may be, for example, a camera module of a mobile telephone, wherein the opto electronic semiconductor chip 110 is formed in this case in the form of a flash or photo light.
- the control device 320 may perform a correction of the images received by the camera module 330 by means of the power spectrum of the light source 110 read from the memory device 120 and reconstructed by the decoding device 310.
- the decoding of the coded spectral data and the application of the decoded spectral data may coincide both temporally and spatially.
- the coded spectral data can already be decoded in advance and stored in a memory of the respective application for later use.
- the coding and decoding devices 210, 310 shown here can basically be realized in the form of hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software.
- a typical light power spectrum of a green LED as it exists after a corresponding measurement using a spectrometer of the Kodie ⁇ means 210th More specifically, this is a power density spectrum in which typically the radiance L is plotted against the wavelength ⁇ , where the radiant flux L or the radiant power per unit space angle per unit area expressed in watts per square meter per steradian [W sr-1 m-2) is meant.
- the power spectrum 152 is typically present with a relatively high wavelength resolution, so that the uncompressed spectral data has a large data volume.
- FIG. 4 shows, by way of example, three power spectra 151, 152, 153 of a multicolor light-emitting diode.
- the individual power spectra 151, 152, 153 thereby differ from each other significantly in the height, which is the one hand, due to manufacturing, on the other hand, however, ⁇ related to the physiological perception of light by the human eye.
- a reduction in the amount of data necessary to describe these power spectra can be achieved by suitable compression of the power spectrums 151, 152, 153.
- negative values of the power spectra 151, 152, 153 can be eliminated. Such negative values are usually caused by noise effects as well as by certain processing processes in the spectrometer 220. For this purpose, spectral values that are less than zero are set equal to zero. This process step is fundamentally optional.
- a scaling of the individual power spectra 151, 152, 153 take place. This makes sense, for example, then when the spectral values vary or within each Leis ⁇ tung spectra over a wider range when the spectral values of different power spectra having different orders of magnitude.
- a normalization or adaptation of the power spectra can be made so that the spectral values of each
- Power spectra for the subsequent digitization have favorable orders of magnitude.
- the scaling factor can be constant within a spectrum.
- a function may be used for scaling, for example a function of the wavelength.
- the Kodierein ⁇ device 210 may be equipped with a fixed scale factor, which is for all power spectra for the application, or it can be in each case a certain effort Scaling factor can be used, which is selected depending on the respective power spectrum or specially generated. In the latter case, however, the scaling factor must be transmitted to the decoder. This is typically done by inserting appropriate parameters of the scaling function into the finished compressed data set, which, however, requires more memory.
- the power spectra provided by the spectrometer 220 are typically in a relatively high Wellendorfnauf ⁇ solution over a wide wavelength range.
- a scan of the power spectra 151, 152, 153 in certain wavelengths instead.
- These sampling or sampling wavelengths can be constant, ie predetermined by a table and apply to all equivalent power spectra.
- the sampling wavelengths in the encoder 210 may also be determined dynamically, eg, based on a particular function.
- the sampling wavelengths or the respective parameters of the function to the decoder 310 must be exceeded averages, which is typically associated with a higher vo ⁇ lumen.
- the encoder 210 may use a constant wavelength resolution for sampling, the sampling wavelengths being equidistant from each other.
- the sampling wavelengths are also selects overall non-linear, so that the individual sample points differed ⁇ Liche distances from one another.
- Kings ⁇ NEN the sampling wavelengths are chosen so that by the scanning of the information content of each sample point is equivalent as possible or that the information content is optimized according to the application.
- the ratio between computational effort and coding quality can be determined and optimized.
- the Kodierquali ⁇ ty usually increases with higher sampling resolution. However, a sampling resolution above the resolution of the original spectrum does not bring any further performance advantage.
- the spectral values are indexed.
- the spectral values (1 max_index 0, 2, ...) are arranged in their Rei ⁇ hen blur and with a continuous output index I A provided.
- Each output index I A corresponds to a specific sampling wavelength.
- the individual LED spectra can be individually indexed and then coded separately.
- the individual power spectrums 151, 152, 153 can then be indexed together and subsequently coded.
- each A ⁇ zelspektrums 151, 152, 153 and in the transition area between two individual spectra 151, 152, 153 certain at the beginning and at the end Insert fill values (spacer). This can achieve that errors occurring due to the subsequent transfor ⁇ mation preferably in the peripheral regions of the spectra, focus on only the filling values, while the actual spectra of these errors are largely spared. In addition, using suitable fill values, a better transition between the two spectra can be achieved.
- FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, an output graph 160 formed by scaling, sampling, combining and indexing from the three power spectra 151, 152, 153 shown in FIG. 4. Since the following mathematical algorithms use dimensionless numbers, in the output graph 160 the physical quantities wavelength ⁇ in nm and power density L in (W / (sr nm2) by the dimensionless output index I A and also dimensionless value output ⁇ A replaced.
- a transformation of the output graph 160 present here as a discrete spatial signal is carried out from a local or output region into a frequency or image region.
- This can in principle be done with any suitable discrete, linear, orthogonal transformation.
- the discrete cosine transformation (DCT, Discrete Cosine Transformation) is used for this purpose.
- DCT discrete cosine transformation
- one of the four known variants I, II, III, IV of the discrete cosine transform is used.
- the normalization necessary for discrete transformations to maintain performance can be done in different ways. So the Normie ⁇ magnification factor 1 / (max_index + 1) can not be used in coding, so it must then be applied by the decoder.
- the normalization factor can also be applied by the decoder as a root, in which case the decoder must also apply the normalization factor as the root.
- the scaling factor can be completely applied by the coder, so it does not have to be used by the decoder.
- the subscripts I B forming the abscissa axis correspond to individual functions of the discrete cosine Transformation and the frequency values plotted along the ordinate axis, which are designated as image values B to distinguish them from the output values A of the output graph 160, the respective coefficients of the individual functions.
- the frequency components of the image graph 170 show in the low-frequency range an exponential decay with high values in the front region and small values in the rear region of the frequency spectrum typical for signals with uncorrected frequency components. It is therefore possible to restrict the calculation to an appropriate front index range when performing the transformation. As a result, the computational effort can be reduced.
- a cascading of the transformation can also be carried out. This is to a chain of transformations wherein ... n are stored after a successful transformation Index values 0 and the further index values n + 1 ... are transformed by the discrete cosine transform m ⁇ max_index he ⁇ neut. This step can be repeated several times, and in the limit each be ⁇ keep only the lowest index value, and any other index values are transformed again. This method results in a significantly increased computational effort, since a larger index range is expected.
- the cascading of spectral values with relevant and, in particular, systematic high frequency components makes it possible to successively concentrate these relevant signal components on the low indices.
- the data volume of the coded spectral data can be significantly reduced without, at the same time, significantly reducing the reproducibility of the power spectra.
- the ratio of data quantity ⁇ one hand can be optimized to compression quality. In particular, so that the compression can be designed in a particularly simple manner to a predetermined storage volume. On the other hand, smoothing of the spectral curve can be achieved with a suitable choice of the threshold value index.
- the threshold index S can be an index in the range of 1/4 to 1/5 of the maximum index. It is useful, the threshold index S, are located on the In ⁇ dexgrenze between the informative signal, which falls ⁇ typi cally exponentially, and noise, which rather has ⁇ typi cally a constant course. Depending on the application, the threshold index S may be predetermined or determined dynamically in the encoder 210. In the latter case, however, the threshold index S must be transmitted to the decoder and thus occupies additional storage space.
- Figure 7 shows the absolute values of the output graph 170 plotted on a logarithmic ordinate.
- the threshold index S is preferably in the range of the limit index defined by the Ge ⁇ rade 176, wherein the position of the threshold index S depending on the desired compression and Sig ⁇ nal chorus along the index axis by the limit index va ⁇ riieren.
- a scaling of the compressed image graph 170 can be carried out after the compression step.
- the image values B are multiplied by a scaling factor. This can be done, for example, with a fixed pre ⁇ given scaling factor.
- the scaling factor can be determined or defined dynamically by the coder, for example as a function of the image index I B. In this case, however, the scaling factor must be transmitted to the decoder, which increases the amount of data in the coded data record.
- the scaling is preferably carried out with the aid of an envelope (envelope), wherein due to the exponential decay of the image values B of the compressed image graph 170, an Envelo method is suitable in which first the absolute values of the image values B are formed and then a logarithm of the absolute values is formed , In particular, the natural logarithm is suitable for this, since the frequency components are uncorrelated and therefore fall off exponentially.
- envelope envelope
- an Envelo method is suitable in which first the absolute values of the image values B are formed and then a logarithm of the absolute values is formed , In particular, the natural logarithm is suitable for this, since the frequency components are uncorrelated and therefore fall off exponentially.
- a linear regression is performed which the two parameters X_SCALE (index axis) and Y_SCALE (frequency value axis) provides a regression line can be generated by de ⁇ ren help, the parameter X_SCALE and Y_SCALE possibility to specify the points of intersection of the regression line with the image-index axis and the image ⁇ value axis.
- X_scale can also specify a slope of the regression levels.
- the regression line is shifted by a modification of parame ⁇ ters X_SCALE or Y_SCALE such that all Loga rithmusirri ⁇ always be below the shifted Regressionsge ⁇ rade , If necessary, a safety buffer of, for example, 5% can be inserted.
- the thus shifted Re ⁇ gressionsgerade forms a Hüllkurvengerade the modified parameter X_SCALE and the associated parameters are Y_SCALE each having a predetermined scaling function with fixed Parameters are scaled and rounded to an integer.
- an envelope 175 is created which includes all of the image values B Stammgra ⁇ phen 170 in its first portion 171st As shown in FIG. 8, the envelope 175 shows an exponential course. For clarity, the envelope 175 is also shown in the negative region in FIG.
- the image values B of the image graph 170 in the image index area 0 to the threshold index S are now divided by the corresponding envelope values of the envelope 175.
- scaled image values C which lie between -1 and +1, thus result.
- the available bit depth of the subsequent digitization step can be optimally utilized.
- the scaling reliably avoids a possible overflow.
- each image value B or B ' is assigned a digital number with a defined bit depth.
- a bit depth assignment predetermined for example, using a table can be used or, alternatively, the bit depth can be assigned dynamically by the coder by means of a function. This assignment can be formed for example in its own bit depth envelope function and in the form of function parameters to the decoder be transmitted. In this case, additional space is needed for the function parameters.
- threshold index S which determines the number of coded frequency values, together with the bit depth, defines the required memory space of the compressed frequency
- FIG. 10 shows, by way of example, a possible compressed data record in a tabular form.
- the digital numbers (data string) with the associated bit depth (bit depth) are shown.
- the compressed data set is composed of a first part I, in which certain parameters are dynamically transmitted by the bait, and of a second part II, which essentially contains the digitized image values.
- the digitized image values are arranged here by way of example according to their index. Depending on the application, the number and order of parameters within the data set may vary. As can be seen from the table of FIG.
- the bit depth can decrease stepwise as the index progresses, with the first eight digital numbers having a bit depth of 10 bits, the next eight bits having a bit depth of 9 bits, the next eight digital numbers having a bit depth of 8 bits etc. are available.
- a corresponding descending bit depth function ensures that the first and therefore the most relevant vant signal components can be reconstructed as accurately as possible.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic flowchart 400 of the present coding method, wherein in the first step 410 negative values are first removed from the original spectrum.
- a Skalie ⁇ tion of the power spectrum or the power spectrum is performed.
- a sampling of the output spectrum thus generated takes place.
- an indexing of the output spectrum for generating an output graph takes place.
- a transformation is carried out.
- an optional cascading of the transformations takes place.
- the image graph thus generated is compressed, and only image values are less than or equal to a defined threshold value index S euroverarbei ⁇ tet.
- an optional scaling of the image graph thus compressed takes place.
- the decoder or decoder device carries out the steps of the coder or the coding device essentially in reverse order.
- the decoder uses the parameters used in the coding, wherein in the decoder parameters that are fixed in the coding method, are implemented. Parameters dynamically generated by the coder are preferably passed to the decoder along with the coded record.
- FIG. 12 schematically shows the sequence of a decoding process.
- a reversal of digitization made.
- the bit numbers are first determined from the continuous bit sequence according to their bit depth allocation.
- the digital numbers determined in this way are converted into floating point numbers.
- a reversal of the bit numbers are first determined from the continuous bit sequence according to their bit depth allocation.
- the digital numbers determined in this way are converted into floating point numbers.
- Scaling in which the scaled values, preferably between -1 and 1, are multiplied by the corresponding envelope value.
- a Indizie ⁇ tion is made, is assigned at which each reconstructed image value a corresponding image index I B.
- intermediate values of the so recon structed ⁇ discrete image graph terpolation means of an appropriate home, which, determined according to the inverse transformation, do not result known wavelengths in the original output spectrum.
- the interpolation property of the discrete cosine transformation is used in order not to generate the spectral values of the sampling wavelengths used by the coder but the spectral values to arbitrary wavelengths in the coded wavelength range.
- the image indices of the reconstructed image graph can be linearly interpolated according to the desired wavelength, so that they may no longer be in an integer.
- the subsequent discrete cosine transformation generates the appropriate interpolated spectral values for these indices. So the decoded or reconstructed Leis ⁇ processing spectrum can be produced in any resolution. However, deviations between the original spectrum and the reconstructed spectrum are independent of the selected resolution.
- an inverse transformation of the reconstructed image graph from the image area to the output area Following the indexing step and the given ⁇ if interpolation was carried out in the fourth method step 540 ⁇ an inverse transformation of the reconstructed image graph from the image area to the output area.
- the transformation in the decoder must be matched to the transformation in the coder. In particular, using a discrete cosine transform to encode the In this case, the variants (I, II, III, IV of the original discrete cosine transformation must be taken into account.)
- the application of the normalization factor must also observe the procedure for the original transformation. so no application of the normalization factor If necessary when using a normalization ⁇ factor in the original transformation in the inverse transform. the normalization factor was previously applied as a root, it must also be in the inverse transformation applied as a root are.
- the normalization factor must be considered when inverse transform be applied, unless it is used in the forward transformation. If conducted a cascading of the transformation in the coding, cascading must be carried out now in vice ⁇ reverse order. in this case, only the portion of the image graph is first bac ktransformiert, which was also transformed last. Subsequently, further values are added and transformed together with the result of the first inverse transformation in a new inverse transformation. After the inverse transformation, any fill values that may be present are omitted, and in the fifth method step 550, the reconstructed power spectrum is split into individual power spectra. The spectral values are reassigned to the individual spectra. This method step is necessary only in the case when originally several power spectra were combined to form an extended power spectrum.
- a subsequent sixth method step 560 the indexing is reversed, with each spectral value corresponding to the indexing being assigned the corresponding wavelength.
- the spectral values are power spectrum depending ⁇ wells divided by the corresponding scaling value. After re-scaling is now in front of the reconstructed power ⁇ spectrum or the reconstructed power spectra.
- negative values may be removed, which may be present in the reconstructed power spectrum due to the decompression.
- the decoded spectral values which are smaller than zero, are set equal to zero.
- the order of the steps can be reversed or resorted in the decoder, if this makes sense and expedient.
- the method steps 560, 570 and 580 can be interchanged with one another.
- the inversion of the scaling 520 and the indexing or interpolation 530 can also be interchanged with one another.
- the decoder described here can also be integrated into the coder implementation. Thus, in the coder, the decoding result of the decoder can be compared directly with the original spectrum, giving the coder an opportunity to evaluate its own performance.
- the encoding method described here uses a loss ⁇ lossy compression methods, are separated at the data in a major for the application part and an unimportant part, and only the important part is stored.
- a typical unimportant part is z.
- the border between the important and the unimportant part is there ⁇ usually fluent. Therefore, it is possible, by ANPAS ⁇ sen this limit, which along in the embodiment described above, by shifting the threshold Index Image index scale is made to control the size of the compressed data, since ⁇ th accurately.
- this compre ⁇ sion form is particularly suitable for optimizing the data size in terms of a limited storage volume, the shape of the input signal, the quality of the encoder and the held for Availability checked ⁇ supply data volume thereby determine the quality of the compression, ie the extent the decoded-coded match the original data.
- Spectra of an optoelectronic device are encoded.
- absolute spectral values e.g. in W / (sr * nm).
- the ratio between the spectra is maintained.
- power spectrum in the embodiment described here refers to a Licht Struktursspec ⁇ rum, in which the radiation density L is plotted against the wavelength ⁇ wavelength ⁇ , but it is also possible depending on the particular measurement method and application, spectra to use, in which a different radiometric or photometric quantity against the wavelength ⁇ is carried ⁇ on, such as total power in W / nm, maximum
- Radiant intensity i.e., light output per solid angle W / (sr * nm)
- irradiance i.e., illumination of an area in
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Abstract
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DE112015000624.9T DE112015000624A5 (de) | 2014-02-03 | 2015-01-29 | Kodierverfahren zur Datenkompression von Leistungsspektren eines optoelektronischen Bauteils undDekodierverfahren |
CN201580007016.8A CN105940612B (zh) | 2014-02-03 | 2015-01-29 | 用于光电子器件的功率谱的数据压缩的编码方法和解码方法 |
JP2016567149A JP6360913B2 (ja) | 2014-02-03 | 2015-01-29 | オプトエレクトロニクス部品のパワー・スペクトルをデータ圧縮するための符号化方法および復号方法 |
US15/110,651 US9992504B2 (en) | 2014-02-03 | 2015-01-29 | Coding method for data compression of power spectra of an optoelectronic component and decoding method |
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CN112304493B (zh) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-04-15 | 西北工业大学 | 一种基于ccd相机的光学压敏涂料幅频特性检测方法 |
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US20160330465A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
JP6360913B2 (ja) | 2018-07-18 |
JP2017507339A (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
CN105940612A (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
CN105940612B (zh) | 2019-07-26 |
DE112015000624A5 (de) | 2016-12-01 |
US9992504B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
DE102014101307A1 (de) | 2015-08-06 |
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