WO2015107629A1 - 保護回路、及び保護回路の制御方法 - Google Patents
保護回路、及び保護回路の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015107629A1 WO2015107629A1 PCT/JP2014/050521 JP2014050521W WO2015107629A1 WO 2015107629 A1 WO2015107629 A1 WO 2015107629A1 JP 2014050521 W JP2014050521 W JP 2014050521W WO 2015107629 A1 WO2015107629 A1 WO 2015107629A1
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- battery
- protection element
- current path
- heating
- stack
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
- B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
- B60L1/06—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line using only one supply
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/80—Time limits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a protection circuit for preventing overcurrent and overvoltage of a battery pack by using a protection element provided with a heating resistor and a fuse element on a substrate, and a control method of the protection circuit.
- HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle
- EV Electric Vehicle
- a lithium ion secondary battery has been used from the viewpoint of energy density and output characteristics.
- a high voltage and a large current are required.
- dedicated cells that can withstand high voltages and large currents have been developed, but in many cases due to manufacturing cost problems, it is necessary to connect multiple battery cells in series and in parallel to use general-purpose cells. Secures the correct voltage and current.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries have excellent characteristics, but it is essential to manage charge / discharge characteristics. If abnormal battery cells are treated normally, there is a risk of ignition and explosion. Absent. Therefore, when there are a plurality of battery cells, the voltage balance between the cells becomes important, and when abnormal cells are included, other normal cells are also affected and correct charging / discharging is not performed. .
- BMS Battery Management System
- a sudden drop in driving force or a sudden stop may be dangerous, and battery management that assumes an emergency is required.
- a driving force for moving it is preferable to supply a driving force for moving to a repair shop or a safe place, or a driving force for a hazard lamp or an air conditioner.
- a circuit protection element 54 for interrupting the current path of the entire circuit is provided on the charge / discharge path of the entire battery pack 50, and the current path of the battery stack 51a is interrupted by one battery stack 51a.
- a protection circuit provided with a stack protection element 55 is proposed. According to this, when an abnormality occurs in the battery cell 53 of one battery stack 51a, by operating the stack protection element 55, only the battery stack 51 is removed from the charge / discharge path of the battery pack 50, and the output is Although it falls, it can continue supplying electric power with the remaining battery stack 51b.
- the circuit protection element 54 constitutes a part of the charging / discharging path of the battery pack 50, and a fuse element that melts by self-heating and interrupts the current path when an overcurrent flows is used.
- This fuse element has a capacity that can sufficiently withstand normal charging / discharging by all the battery stacks 51a and 51b, and blows when an overcurrent of, for example, 1.5 times the normal output of all the battery stacks 51a and 51b flows. Have capacity.
- the fuse of the circuit protection element 54 has an excessive capacity with respect to the output from the remaining battery stack 51b. For this reason, even when an abnormality occurs in the battery cell 53 of the other battery stack 51b and an overcurrent flows through the fuse element of the circuit protection element 54, the battery stack 53b is not properly melted and thermal runaway cannot be prevented. .
- the present invention provides a protection circuit capable of appropriately operating a protection element according to the output of the remaining battery even when some of the plurality of batteries are removed from the current path, and control of the protection circuit It aims to provide a method.
- a protection circuit includes a battery module in which a plurality of batteries are connected in parallel, and a part of a current path for charging or discharging the battery provided in each of the batteries. And a second protection element constituting a part of a current path for charging or discharging the battery module, wherein the second protection element includes a heating resistor, charging or discharging A plurality of fuse portions having a part of a current path of discharge and having a fusible conductor fused by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor, and the plurality of fuse portions are respectively provided by the heating resistors.
- the fusible conductor can be blown individually.
- the protection circuit control method includes: a battery module in which a plurality of batteries are connected in parallel; and a battery module that is provided in each of the batteries and that forms part of a current path for charging or discharging the battery. 1 protection element and a second protection element constituting a part of a current path for charging or discharging the battery module, wherein the second protection element is a heating resistor according to the number of batteries.
- a plurality of fuse parts having a part of a current path for charging or discharging and a fusible conductor fused by heat or self-heating of the heating resistor, and provided in the battery in which an abnormality has occurred
- the first protection element is operated, the abnormal battery is disconnected from the current path, and each of the soluble conductors is generated by each of the heating resistors in response to the interruption of the abnormal battery. Blown individually.
- the battery stack protection element when an abnormality such as an overvoltage is detected in the battery, the battery stack protection element is activated to isolate the battery from the circuit, and charge / discharge can be performed only by the remaining battery.
- the stack protection element of the battery is activated, the circuit protection element is activated, and a part of the fuse portion is blown.
- the rating of the circuit protection element that constitutes a part of the charge / discharge path of the battery module can be lowered, and the maximum battery It can be set as the circuit protection element according to an output.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a protection circuit to which the present invention is applied.
- 2A is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the stack protection element
- FIG. 2B is a plan view illustrating the configuration of the stack protection element.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the stack protection element.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the circuit protection element.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the circuit protection element.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a conventional battery pack.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of another conventional battery pack.
- the protection circuit 1 to which the present invention is applied has a plurality of battery stacks 3 in which a plurality of battery cells 2 are connected in series, and the battery stacks 3 are connected in parallel. It has a battery module 4.
- a battery module 4 in which two battery stacks 3a and 3b are connected in parallel will be described as an example.
- three or more battery stacks 3 may be connected in parallel.
- a stack protection element 5 is incorporated in each of the battery stacks 3a and 3b.
- the protection circuit 1 controls the circuit protection element 7 that interrupts the current path of the entire circuit and the charge / discharge in the battery stacks 3a and 3b, detects abnormal voltages of the battery cells 2, and responds to the detection result. And a battery pack 9 in which the battery stacks 3a and 3b, the circuit protection element 7 and the BMS control element 8 are incorporated.
- the stack protection element 5 includes a fuse element having a function of cutting off a current path by a signal from the BMS control element 8 in order to safely cut off the output of the battery stack 3a or 3b, and constitutes a part of the current path. When the fuse element is blown, the current path of the battery stack 3a or 3b is irreversibly cut off.
- the stack protection element 5 includes an insulating substrate 11, a heating resistor 14 laminated on the insulating substrate 11 and covered with an insulating member 15, and both ends of the insulating substrate 11. Electrodes 12 (A 1) and 12 (A 2) formed on the insulating member 15, the heating element extraction electrode 16 laminated on the insulating member 15 so as to overlap the heating resistor 14, and both ends of the electrodes 12 (A 1) and 12 ( A2) and a soluble conductor 13 having a central portion connected to the heating element extraction electrode 16.
- the rectangular insulating substrate 11 is formed of an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramics, mullite, zirconia, or the like.
- an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramics, mullite, zirconia, or the like.
- the material used for printed wiring boards such as a glass epoxy board
- the heating resistor 14 is a conductive member that has a relatively high resistance value and generates heat when energized, and is made of, for example, W, Mo, Ru, or the like. These alloys, compositions, or compound powders are mixed with a resin binder or the like to form a paste on the insulating substrate 11 by patterning using a screen printing technique and firing.
- the insulating member 15 is disposed so as to cover the heating resistor 14, and the heating element extraction electrode 16 is disposed so as to face the heating resistor 14 through the insulating member 15.
- an insulating member 15 may be laminated between the heating resistor 14 and the insulating substrate 11.
- One end of the heating element extraction electrode 16 is connected to the heating element electrode 18 (P1).
- the other end of the heating resistor 14 is connected to the other heating element electrode 18 (P2).
- the fusible conductor 13 is made of a low-melting-point metal that is quickly melted by the heat generated by the heating resistor 14 or the self-heating of the fusible conductor 13, and for example, Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component can be suitably used.
- the soluble conductor 13 may be a laminate of a low melting point metal and a high melting point metal such as Ag, Cu, or an alloy containing these as a main component.
- a soluble conductor 13 may be formed by depositing a low melting point metal on a high melting point metal by using a plating technique, or may be formed by using another known lamination technique or film forming technique. .
- the fusible conductor 13 is solder-connected to the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) using the low melting point metal. can do.
- the stack protective element 5 may apply a flux to almost the entire surface of the soluble conductor 13 in order to prevent oxidation of the outer low-melting-point metal layer 13b. Further, the stack protection element 5 may have a cover member placed on the insulating substrate 11 in order to protect the inside.
- the stack protection element 5 to which the present invention as described above is applied has a circuit configuration as shown in FIG. That is, the stack protection element 5 melts the soluble conductor 13 by energizing the fusible conductor 13 connected in series via the heating element lead electrode 16 and the connecting point of the fusible conductor 13 to generate heat.
- the circuit configuration includes the heating resistor 14.
- the fusible conductor 13 is connected in series on the charge / discharge current path, and the heating resistor 14 is connected to the BMS control element 7.
- One of the two electrodes 12 of the stack protection element 5 is connected to A1, and the other is connected to A2. Further, the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the heating element electrode 18 connected thereto are connected to P1, and the other heating element electrode 18 is connected to P2.
- the circuit protection element 7 is composed of a fuse element having a function of blocking a current path by a signal from the BMS control element 8 in order to safely cut off the output of the battery pack 9, and constitutes a part of the current path. As a result of fusing, the current path of the battery pack 9 is irreversibly interrupted.
- circuit protection element 7 used in the battery pack 9 in which two battery stacks 3a and 3b are connected in parallel as shown in FIG. 1 will be described. It can be used for a battery pack.
- the circuit protection element 7 has first and second fuse parts 20 and 21 that can be blown individually corresponding to the two battery stacks 3a and 3b.
- the first and second fuse portions 20 and 21 are formed on the insulating substrate 22.
- the first fuse portion 20 is stacked on the insulating substrate 22 and covered with the first insulating member 23, and the first electrodes 25 (A1) formed on both ends of the insulating substrate 22. ), 25 (A2), a first heating element extraction electrode 28 laminated on the first insulating member 23 so as to overlap the first heating resistor 24, and both ends of the first electrode 25 (A1) ), 25 (A2), and a first soluble conductor 29 having a central portion connected to the first heating element extraction electrode 28.
- the second fuse portion 21 is stacked on the insulating substrate 22 and covered with the second insulating member 30, and the second electrodes 32 (A 1) formed on both ends of the insulating substrate 22. ), 32 (A2), a second heating element extraction electrode 34 laminated on the second insulating member 30 so as to overlap the second heating resistor 31, and both ends of the second electrode 32 (A1). ), 32 (A2), and a second soluble conductor 35 having a central portion connected to the second heating element extraction electrode 34.
- Insulating substrate 22, first and second insulating members 23 and 30, first and second heating resistors 24 and 31, first and second heating element lead electrodes 28 and 34, and first and second The fusible conductors 29 and 35 have the same configuration as the insulating substrate 11, the insulating member 15, the heating resistor 14, the heating element lead electrode 16, and the fusible conductor 13 of the stack protection element 5 described above.
- the first electrodes 25 (A1) and 25 (A2) and the second electrodes 32 (A1) and 32 (A2) also have the same configuration as the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) described above.
- the first electrode 25 (A1) and the second electrode 32 (A1) are electrically connected to continue to the current path of the battery pack 9, and the first electrode 25 (A2) and the second electrode 32 are connected.
- (A2) is also electrically connected and is continued in the current path of the battery pack 9.
- One end of the first heating element extraction electrode 28 is connected to the first heating element electrode 27 (P1).
- the other end of the first heating resistor 24 is connected to the first heating element electrode 27 (P2).
- one end of the second heating element extraction electrode 34 is connected to the second heating element electrode 33 (P1).
- the other end of the second heating resistor 31 is connected to the second heating element electrode 33 (P2).
- flux may be applied to almost the entire surface of the first and second soluble conductors 29 and 35.
- the circuit protection element 7 may place a cover member on the insulating substrate 22 in order to protect the inside.
- the circuit protection element 7 to which the present invention as described above is applied has a circuit configuration as shown in FIG. That is, the first fuse portion 20 of the circuit protection element 7 has a connection point between the first fusible conductor 29 and the first fusible conductor 29 connected in series via the first heating element extraction electrode 28.
- the first heat generating resistor 24 melts the first fusible conductor 29 by energizing it to generate heat.
- the second fuse portion 21 of the circuit protection element 7 has a connection point between the second fusible conductor 35 and the second fusible conductor 35 connected in series via the second heating element extraction electrode 34.
- a second heating resistor 31 that melts the second soluble conductor 35 by energizing it to generate heat.
- the first and second fusible conductors 29 and 35 are connected in series on the charge / discharge current path of the battery pack 9, and the first and second heating resistors 24 and 31 are controlled by BMS. It is connected to the element 7.
- the first fuse portion 20 has one of the two first electrodes 25 connected to A1, the other connected to A2, and the first heating element extraction electrode 28 and the first connected to the first heating element extraction electrode 28.
- the heating element electrode 27 is connected to P1, and the other first heating element electrode 27 is connected to P2.
- one of the two second electrodes 32 of the second fuse portion 21 is connected to A1, the other is connected to A2, and the second heating element extraction electrode 34 is connected to the second heating electrode 21.
- the second heating element electrode 33 is connected to P1, and the other second heating element electrode 33 is connected to P2.
- the BMS control element 8 detects the voltage of each battery cell 2 and blows the fusible conductors 13, 29, 35 of the stack protection element 5 and the circuit protection element 7 according to the detection result.
- the BMS control element 8 is connected to the heating resistor 14 of the stack protection element 5 and the first and second heating resistors 24 and 31 of the circuit protection element 7, and each of the heating resistors 14, 24 and 31 has a current individually. Can be heated individually. Thereby, the BMS control element 8 can melt
- the stack protection element 5 and the circuit protection element 7 can melt the fusible conductors 13, 29, and 35 due to self-heating due to an overcurrent caused by an abnormality of the battery cell 2, and can interrupt the current path. Note that the stack protection element 5 and the circuit protection element 7 may detect an overcurrent by the BMS control element 8, cause the heating resistors 14, 24, and 31 to generate heat, and melt the fusible conductors 13, 29, and 35. .
- the stack protection element 5 and the circuit protection element 7 have the fusible conductors 13, 29, 35 blown by the heat of the heating resistors 14, 24, 31 or by self-heating, so that the current path becomes irreversible. It can be shut off and is not affected by abnormal circuit operation. Therefore, the function as a protection element can be realized reliably. Further, the stack protection element 5 and the circuit protection element 7 do not operate only by an overcurrent like a so-called fuse type protection element, and can be operated by an abnormal voltage or other factors described later. It can respond to every situation. Further, the stack protection element 5 and the circuit protection element 7 do not require electric power to maintain the interruption state of the current path unlike the electric switch type protection element, and can reliably maintain the interruption state.
- the protection circuit 1 monitors the voltage of the battery cells 2 constituting the battery stacks 3a and 3b by the BMS control element 8, and when an overvoltage occurs in some of the battery cells 2, the BMS control element 8 causes the battery cell 2 to In order to cut off the battery stack 3 having 2 from the current path, the current is individually supplied to the heating resistors 14 of the stack protection element 5 provided in the battery stack 3 to generate heat individually. As a result, the BMS control element 8 can individually melt the soluble conductor 13 of the stack protection element 5, cut off only the battery stack 3 having the battery cell 2 in which an abnormality has occurred, and leave the remaining battery. Power can be supplied by the stack 3.
- the BMS control element 8 energizes the heating resistor 14 of the stack protection element 5 of the battery stack 3a when an abnormality such as an overvoltage is detected in the battery cell 2 of the battery stack 3a.
- the fusible conductor 13 is melted to isolate the battery stack 3a from the circuit.
- the protection circuit 1 can be charged / discharged only by the remaining battery stack 3b.
- the protection circuit 1 activates the stack protection element 5 of the battery stack 3a by the BMS control element 8 and also activates the circuit protection element 7 so that the first fuse part 20 is blown. Thereby, the protection circuit 1 can lower the rating of the circuit protection element 7 constituting a part of the charge / discharge path of the battery pack 9 in accordance with the decrease of the battery stack 3.
- the circuit protection element 7 includes a plurality of fuse portions according to the number of battery stacks 3, and thereby has a large capacity rating according to the capacity of the battery stack 3.
- the protection circuit 1 shuts off a part of the battery stack 3 from the charge / discharge path of the battery pack 9 and activates a part of the fuse portion of the circuit protection element 7 to shut off the charge / discharge path.
- the protection circuit 1 can lower the rating of the circuit protection element 7 in accordance with the decrease of the battery stack 3, and can have a rating suitable for the capacity of the remaining battery stack 3. Therefore, the protection circuit 1 can maintain the same output as before the decrease of the battery stack 3a even when an abnormality occurs in the battery cell 2 of the remaining battery stack 3b and an overcurrent flows through the circuit protection element 7.
- the second fusible conductor 35 of the two fuse portions 21 can be blown appropriately. That is, the protection circuit 1 can change the operating condition of the circuit protection element 7 according to the power supply output, and can improve safety.
- one fuse portion of the circuit protection element 7 may be provided for one battery stack 3, one fuse portion is provided for a plurality of battery stacks 3, and a fuse portion is provided in accordance with a decrease in the plurality of battery stacks 3. May be melted to lower the rating. Further, a plurality of fuse portions of the circuit protection element 7 may be provided for one battery stack 3, and the plurality of fuse portions may be blown in accordance with the decrease of one battery stack 3.
- the protection circuit 1 is configured to install a current sensor in the current path, accurately detect the overcurrent, operate the circuit protection element 7 by the BMS control element 8, and interrupt the circuit. It may be. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the first and second fuse portions 20 and 21 may be formed in parallel on one surface of the insulating substrate 22, or may be respectively formed on the front and back of the insulating substrate 22. .
- BMS A command may be transmitted to the control element 8 so that the stack protection element 5 of each battery stack 3 and the fuse portion of the circuit protection element 7 are blown to interrupt the current path.
- the fuse portions of the stack protection element 5 and the circuit protection element 7 are used. May be cut off from the current path.
- the stack protection element 5 and the circuit protection element 7 of each battery stack 3 The fuse portion may be blown to interrupt the current path.
- 1 protection circuit 2 battery cell, 3 battery stack, 5 stack protection element, 7 circuit protection element, 8 BMS control element, 9 battery pack, 11 insulating substrate, 12 electrode, 13 fusible conductor, 14 heating resistor, 15 insulation Member, 16 heating element extraction electrode, 17 flux, 18 heating element electrode, 19 cover member, 20 first fuse part, 21 second fuse part, 22 insulating substrate, 23 first insulating member, 24 first heating Resistor, 25 first electrode, 27 first heating element electrode, 28 first heating element extraction electrode, 29 first soluble conductor, 30 second insulating member, 31 second heating resistor, 32 2nd electrode, 33 2nd heating element electrode, 34 2nd heating element extraction electrode, 35 2nd soluble conductor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、本発明が適用された保護回路1は、複数のバッテリセル2が直列に接続された複数のバッテリスタック3を有し、各バッテリスタック3同士が、並列に接続されたバッテリモジュール4を有する。ここでは、説明の便宜上、2つのバッテリスタック3a,3bが並列接続されたバッテリモジュール4を例に説明するが、本発明は、バッテリスタック3が3つ以上並列接続されていてもよい。各バッテリスタック3a,3bには、それぞれ、スタック保護素子5が組み込まれている。また、保護回路1は、回路全体の電流経路を遮断する回路保護素子7と、バッテリスタック3a,3b内の充放電を制御するとともに、各バッテリセル2の異常電圧を検出し、検出結果に応じてスタック保護素子5及び回路保護素子7を駆動するBMS制御素子8とを有し、これらバッテリスタック3a,3b、回路保護素子7及びBMS制御素子8が組み込まれたバッテリパック9を構成する。
スタック保護素子5は、バッテリスタック3a又は3bの出力を安全に遮断するために、BMS制御素子8からの信号によって電流経路を遮断する機能を有するヒューズ素子からなり、電流経路の一部を構成するヒューズエレメントが溶断することにより、不可逆的に当該バッテリスタック3a又は3bの電流経路を遮断する。
次いで、回路全体の電流経路を遮断する回路保護素子7について説明する。回路保護素子7は、バッテリパック9の出力を安全に遮断するために、BMS制御素子8からの信号によって電流経路を遮断する機能を有するヒューズ素子からなり、電流経路の一部を構成するヒューズエレメントが溶断することにより、不可逆的に当該バッテリパック9の電流経路を遮断する。
BMS制御素子8は、各バッテリセル2の電圧を検出するとともに、検出結果に応じて、スタック保護素子5及び回路保護素子7の各可溶導体13,29,35を溶断するものである。BMS制御素子8は、スタック保護素子5の発熱抵抗体14及び回路保護素子7の第1、第2の発熱抵抗体24,31と接続され、各発熱抵抗体14,24,31に個別に電流を供給することにより、個別に発熱させることができる。これにより、BMS制御素子8は、保護素子5,7の各可溶導体13,29,35を個別に溶断することができる。
次いで、保護回路1の駆動工程について説明する。保護回路1は、バッテリパック9に定格よりも大きな過電流が生じ、スタック保護素子5の可溶導体13や、回路保護素子7の第1、第2の可溶導体29,35に通電すると、可溶導体13,29,35が自己発熱(ジュール熱)によって溶断し、バッテリパック9の充放電経路が遮断される。
なお、上記では、バッテリスタック3内におけるバッテリセル2の異常電圧を検知することによりスタック保護素子5及び回路保護素子7のヒューズ部を溶断させて、当該バッテリスタック3を電流経路上から切り離すとともに回路保護素子7の定格を下げるようにしたが、スタック保護素子5及び回路保護素子7のヒューズ部を溶断させるトリガーとしては、バッテリモジュール4が搭載される機器側に応じて種々設定することができる。
Claims (6)
- 複数のバッテリが並列に接続されてなるバッテリモジュールと、
各上記バッテリに設けられ、該バッテリの充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成する第1の保護素子と、
上記バッテリモジュールの充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成する第2の保護素子とを備え、
上記第2の保護素子は、発熱抵抗体と、充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成するとともに上記発熱抵抗体の熱又は自己発熱によって溶断する可溶導体とを有する複数のヒューズ部を備え、
複数の上記ヒューズ部は、各上記発熱抵抗体によって各上記可溶導体を個別に溶断可能とされている保護回路。 - 上記第1の保護素子及び上記第2の保護素子を作動させる制御素子を備える請求項1記載の保護回路。
- 上記第1の保護素子は、発熱抵抗体と、上記バッテリの充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成するとともに上記発熱抵抗体の熱又は自己発熱によって溶断する可溶導体とを備える請求項1又は2に記載の保護回路。
- 上記各バッテリの異常電圧を検知する検知素子が組み込まれている請求項1又は2に記載の保護回路。
- 上記各バッテリは、複数のバッテリセルが直列又は並列に接続されたバッテリスタックを構成する請求項1又は2に記載の保護回路。
- 複数のバッテリが並列に接続されてなるバッテリモジュールと、
各上記バッテリに設けられ、該バッテリの充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成する第1の保護素子と、
上記バッテリモジュールの充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成する第2の保護素子とを備え、
上記第2の保護素子は、上記バッテリの数に応じて、発熱抵抗体と、充電又は放電の電流経路の一部を構成するとともに上記発熱抵抗体の熱又は自己発熱によって溶断する可溶導体とを有する複数のヒューズ部を備え、
異常が起きた上記バッテリに設けられた上記第1の保護素子を作動させ、異常が起きた上記バッテリを電流経路から遮断し、
異常が起きた上記バッテリの遮断に応じて、各上記発熱抵抗体によって各上記可溶導体を個別に溶断する保護回路の制御方法。
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