Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
  • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
  • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
  • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
  • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
  • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
  • C21C5/4613—Refractory coated lances; Immersion lances
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
  • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
  • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
  • F27D3/1527—Taphole forming equipment, e.g. boring machines, piercing tools
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
  • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
  • E21B7/146—Thermal lances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C21C2250/00—Specific additives; Means for adding material different from burners or lances
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
  • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
  • F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
  • F27D2003/169—Construction of the lance, e.g. lances for injecting particles

Definitions

• the invention relates to consumable devices by exothermic reaction, which are used to pierce and open indentation passages of melting furnaces using grease plugs or mixtures of alumina, silica, carbon and others, used in mineral smelting. such as copper and steel, ferroalloys and others by applying mixtures of oxidizing gases or oxygen under pressure.
• the consumable devices of the present invention are suitable for drilling and / or melting any type of material. In any thickness and dimension.
• the invention relates to thermal lances or also called oxygen lances that allow the circulation of oxidizing gases, such as oxygen under pressure from one end of the thermal lance to the other, which function both as a burner and as a fuel.
• oxidizing gases such as oxygen under pressure
• a thermal lance in general, corresponds to a long and narrow tube, with an oxidizable outer body and comprising in its entirety one or more oxidizable internal components, such as solid wires.
• the internal bodies are distributed inside the external body, leaving spaces between them.
• a thermal lance is from 8 to 50 mm in diameter and from 1 to 12 m in length.
• the thermal lances reach temperatures, at their ignition end, of the order of 3,500 ° C to 5,530 ° C and the consumption times of a thermal lance are of the order of 0.2 to 5 meters per minute, when the pressure of the oxidizing gas is from 392.3 kPa to 980.7 kPa.
• the energy that a spear can generate is lost in melting the spear itself, for example the heat of combustion of iron is 4.23 KJ / g and when lighting a thermal spear of the most common, usually 3 grams of iron quickly ignites 1 gram while the other two grams melt without combustion, which in the end translates into that part of the energy generated by the gram that made combustion is lost by melting the other two grams that did not combustion.
• By wasting energy on the spear itself there is much less energy available for the target job.
• register No. 44.086 a device for drilling and opening the slots of melting furnaces, used in the smelting of minerals, formed by a hollow tubular outer body, which has an inner area of a symmetrical longitudinal body of shorter length and made of steel, with a central opening and at least four vertices preferably convex, whose outer walls are concave and straight, their inner walls convex and straight; furthermore said vertices join the inner wall of the tubular body, forming at least four cavities, which allow the entry and exit of oxygen delivered by the cylinder.
• Document GB1288931 describes a thermal lance formed of a metallic tubular body that comprises a plurality of cylindrical cables inside, which are welded to the adjacent edges and occupy the entire interior space of the tube, leaving only some passages for circulation of the oxidizing gas
• GB2151530 refers to a thermal lance comprising an outer metal conduit that is made of aluminum or iron or an alloy predominantly containing iron, an internal metal conduit and / or a number of metal rods that are found inside the outer metal conduit, the internal metal conduit and / or metal rods is made of aluminum or iron or an alloy that predominantly contains steel, such that at least one of the conduits or one of the rods is made of aluminum and at least one of the ducts or one of the rods is made of iron or an alloy that predominantly contains steel;
• the lance includes a support at one end, which is provided with a valve through which, in use, oxygen can be admitted to pass through the lance to the other end for ignition.
• a thermal torch which comprises: an elongated burner tube having a longitudinal axis and is open at both ends; a bundle of consumable elongated rods arranged inside said burner tube, said rods have parallel and parallel longitudinal axes with said burner tube and said rods have substantially identical cross-sectional configurations, said rods arranged to form at least a first and a second pressurized fuel conduit, the first passage that extends between the inner surface of said burner tube and the outer surfaces of said rods that are arranged adjacent to the inner surface of said burner tube, and the second step that extends between the surfaces interiors of said rods that are arranged adjacent to the inner surface of said burner tube and the outer surfaces of the rest of said rods.
• Document CH617613 refers to an oxygen lance formed of a hollow tubular casing which in its interior comprises particles that can be melted and that have irregular and regular shapes, the particles are fixed with adhesive and the core of the lance is permeable to oxygen.
• a thermal lance which comprises a plurality of cylindrical metal wires enclosed in a hollow tubular body, the cross section of the tubular body is reduced to firmly trap the metal wires inside.
• an objective of the present invention is to develop a thermal spear that increases the effective heat capacity developed by the spear and that manages to concentrate the energy to control its work
• Another objective of the present invention is to develop a lance that can be operated at different oxygen flows keeping its combustion even and constant, according to the needs at the time of its operation.
• Another objective of the present invention is to develop a thermal lance that has greater flexibility, for example that can be curved.
• Still another objective of the present invention is to develop a thermal lance that does not need external elements for the fixation and fastening of its parts, that is to say that it only has solidarity fixings without the need to use welding, wedge screws, or external pressing, which They can narrow the internal elements.
• Another objective of the present invention is to develop a lance that does not melt at high temperatures, above 1,400 ° C, in such a way that it continues to burn on those temperatures.
• another objective of the present invention is to have a thermal lance that is easily attachable to another thermal lance, in order to avoid losses of lance remnants when using the lances.
• the present invention relates to a thermal lance for drilling and opening indentation passages of melting furnaces that use grease plugs or mixtures of alumina, silica, carbon and others, comprising at least four tubular profiles and more than seventeen cavities contained inside the lance, and where the tubular profiles are selected from tubular profiles of round, square, triangular, hexagonal, oval, multi-pointed star cross section.
• Figures 1-A and 1-B each represent a view of a type of thermal lance such as that of the present invention.
• Figure 2 represents a view of some of the different types of profiles that are part of the thermal lance of the present invention.
• Figures 3 and 4 represent two modes of the lance of the present invention formed from four tubular profiles.
• Figure 5 represents an embodiment of the lance of the present invention formed from five tubular profiles.
• Figures 6 and 7 represent two modes of the lance of the present invention formed from six tubular profiles.
• Figure 8 represents an embodiment of the lance of the present invention formed from seven tubular profiles.
• Figure 9 represents an embodiment of the lance of the present invention formed from eight tubular profiles.
• Figure 10 represents an embodiment of the lance of the present invention formed from ten tubular profiles.
• Figure 11 represents an embodiment of the lance of the present invention formed from five tubular profiles. Detailed description of the invention
• the present invention describes a thermal lance (1) for drilling and / or melt cutting any type of material, such as for drilling and opening bleeding passages of melting furnaces using grease plugs or alumina, silica mixtures, carbon and others, comprising at least four tubular profiles, one outer and three inner, and more than seventeen cavities contained inside the lance, where of the at least four tubular profiles two of them have different cross sections, where each profile tubular with respect to another one of said tubular profiles are located contiguously and where each tubular profile is selected from tubular profiles of round (4), square (6), triangular (not shown), hexagonal (not shown), oval ( not shown), multi-pointed star (5).
• one corresponds to an outer tubular profile and the others correspond to the inner tubular profiles, such that the outer tubular profile is responsible for containing the inner profiles and the cavities that They are formed between contiguous profiles.
• the inner profiles are located side by side, covering the entire inner perimeter of the outer tubular profile.
• the inner profiles are located concentrically between them and with respect to the outer tubular profile.
• each tubular profile that makes up the lance will have its cross section different from the cross section of the contiguous profile.
• the cavities contained within the outer tubular profile correspond to the sum of the cavities of the tubular profiles plus the cavities that form between the contiguous profiles. All interior cavities formed within the lance have varied geometric shapes. The shape of each cavity and the amount of cavities between profiles, depends on the shape of the cross sections of the contiguous profiles. In general a lance of four or more concentric profiles of multiple vertices generates from 17 to 100 or more interior cavities.
• the internal cavities allow the free circulation of oxidizing gases, necessary when the thermal lance is in operation, preferably the Oxidizing gases correspond to an oxygen flow.
• the internal cavities allow the flow of oxidizing gas to pass through the lance during its operation with adequate turbulence and the relationship of the dimensions of these cavities with reference to the wall thicknesses of the tubular profiles, is what achieves efficiency desired of the spear.
• the shape, size and quantity of interior cavities allow the lance to have its effective caloric power capacity concentrated in the center of the lance, thereby generating a greater amount of effective caloric energy in the same cross-section, so that doubles its efficiency, managing to cut or drill 100% more with the same grams of spear, compared to the current lances, which at the same time means that the cutting or drilling time decreases by at least 50%.
• the lance can be operated at different oxidizing gas flows keeping its combustion even and constant, it can even be operated with lower purity oxygen (90%) and with different oxygen flows (high and low).
• the lances of the present invention decrease the emission of pollutant gases, since they achieve efficient combustion, due to the cavities formed, which allow a balance of the contact between the iron and the flow of oxygen to be achieved and, at the same time, decrease the operating costs because a smaller amount of time is required to perform the cutting or drilling and a lower flow of oxygen.
• each tubular profile is in a range from less than 0.9mm to more than 3.0mm.
• the thermal lances of the present invention can be manufactured in low carbon steel.
• the outer tubular profile forms the mantle of the lance and said mantle is of uniform outer structure or irregular.
• the outer body of the lance can be of equal cross section along its entire body or it can have more than one cross section.
• the inner profiles can be of the same cross-section along its entire body or it can have more than one cross-section.
• the thermal lances of the present invention can be attachable (Figure 1-A) or non-attachable ( Figure 1-B), depending on the shape of their outer ends.
• a attachable lance is one that can be attached to another lance, either directly without the intervention of an external means or through an additional means such as a piece or coupling device, which allows joining both lances.
• Figure 1-A a type of attachable thermal lance (1) can be seen, in which the ends of the lance of the lance have been modified, such that said ends have an inverted conical shape (2).
• these types of lances have their smooth and cylindrical surface and have an outer annular groove (3).
• the mantle of this type of lances, as in non-attachable lances, can have different cross sections and its cross section will depend on the cross section that has the outer profile.
• the uniform mantle is cylindrical and straight.
• This type of thermal lances of the present invention allows easy assembly between a lance and another lance, through a hollow outer coupling part or device that allows holding a lance in each of its extremes
• the inverted tapered ends of this type of lances make it easier to fit the coupling piece and the outer annular groove (3) of the lance allows to secure the fit between the lance and the coupling piece.
• This type of lance corresponds to a lance that can be attached at both ends.
• the size of this type of lances is variable and will depend on the application given to the lance and the location of the outer groove at each end of the lance, allows the lances not to interfere with each other when they are coupled.
• the thermal lances of the present invention that are attachable have only one of their ends with an inverted conical shape, indicating that they can be coupled by only one of their ends. Additionally, in said end of the mantle, immediately before the inverted conical end, these types of lances have their smooth and cylindrical surface and have the outer annular groove.
• the lances can have lengths in the range from less than l m to greater than 10m.
• the thermal lances of the present invention have a coating with a high melting point material (over 2,000 ° C), such as a ceramic material, which is applied to lances working in places with temperatures above The 1,400 ° C in this way prevents the lances from melting and consequently lose their shape, their ability to conduct oxidizing gases and their ability to combustion.
• a high melting point material over 2,000 ° C
• the coating of the lances can be applied to the outer profile and / or at least one of the inner profiles.
• the thermal lance of the present invention is obtained by applying thermal, mechanical and chemical processes.
• Each tubular profile before being concentrically fitted undergoes a metal forming process, preferably the outer tubular profile is the first to be shaped and the central inner tubular profile is the last to be shaped.
• the amount of tubular profiles to be subjected to the forming process will depend on the design of each spear, that is, the amount of profiles that are needed to achieve a certain design of the spear. Additionally, the selection of the number of tubular profiles that will make up a spear will depend on the use that will be given to the spear, in general you can have 2 mm diameter lances up to 100 mm diameter lances.
• each tubular profile which will be part of the lance
• the shaped profiles are joined, by thermal, mechanical and chemical processes that, apart from making the assembly, achieve an interference of measurements between profiles, in such a way that a certain profile is fixed (attached) to the profile that precedes it, which allows them to be fixed and held to resist the pressure and the flow of oxidizing gases or oxygen that passes through the lance during its operation, without releasing one profile from another.
• Figure 2 shows different types of profiles both in the shape of the cross section and in the inside diameter of each profile.
• Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention formed by four concentric tubular profiles with seventeen interior cavities.
• Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention formed by four concentric tubular profiles with thirty-seven interior cavities.
• Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention formed by five concentric tubular profiles with forty-one interior cavities.
• Figures 6 and 7 show two embodiments of the present invention formed by six concentric tubular profiles and with multiple interior cavities.
• Figures 8 and 9 show two embodiments of the present invention formed by seven and eight concentric tubular profiles and with multiple interior cavities, respectively.
• Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the present invention formed by ten tubular profiles with seventeen interior cavities.
• Figure 11 shows another embodiment of the present invention formed by five concentric tubular profiles with multiple inner cavities, in which the inner cavities have uniform and non-uniform shapes between them.
• the variation in the number of profiles that make up a spear together with the variation in the shapes of the profiles and to the sequential order of the profiles inside the lance, they allow to generate efficient cavities for the passage of the fluxol of the oxidizing gas, with which a better use of the calorific power of the iron contained in the profiles is achieved, in addition to the cross sections of the profiles used in the shaping of the lance, according to the present invention, they allow to design to obtain at discretion the flexural strength that is required, being able to achieve when necessary greater resistance than that obtained with other types of lances of equal mass. Additionally, the geometric configuration obtained from the lance as a whole allows the focus of the lance to be concentrated with great precision, thus achieving a more even, clean, accurate and efficient cut.
• the lances of the present invention thanks to its better use of the calorific power of the lance, allow to increase its speed and cutting capacity, thereby reducing the operator's exposure time at high temperatures, reducing the risk of thermal stress .
• the lances of the present invention have varied uses, such as for example in the case of cutting copper and slag, in places such as: pot bottoms, pigs or supported accretions, oven peepholes, furnace floors with copper and brick material , accretions in furnace walls, cleaning of the nozzle housing area, accretions in the pre-chamber gas outlet, opening of passages, refining furnaces and anodes.
• Thermal lances can also be used to make cuts that allow efficient opening of copper, steel, ferroalloy, platinum and other furnace passages, regardless of whether the plugs have any composition, even if they are made of pure graphite (carbon).
• steels of any quality or thickness such as 1,000mm, 2,000mm, 3,000mm and more can be used for cutting and / or melting.
• they can be used to cut and / or drill concrete blocks or rocks and stones of any type and dimension.
• thermal lances of the present invention can be used for cutting and / or melting of any type of material, including the diamond that is the most resistant to temperature.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
• Ceramic Products (AREA)
• Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
• Nozzles (AREA)
• Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
• Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
• Silicon Compounds (AREA)
• Thermal Insulation (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Blast Furnaces (AREA)

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• 2014
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  • 2014-12-19 CN CN201480071983.6A patent/CN105849352B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 2014-12-19 RU RU2016129982A patent/RU2692140C2/ru active
  • 2014-12-19 EP EP14877664.4A patent/EP3093426B1/en active Active
  • 2014-12-19 CA CA2935249A patent/CA2935249C/en active Active
  • 2014-12-19 MX MX2016008562A patent/MX370353B/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2014-12-19 US US15/109,310 patent/US10048007B2/en active Active
  • 2014-12-19 JP JP2016543137A patent/JP2017510777A/ja active Pending
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  • 2014-12-19 KR KR1020167021467A patent/KR102325559B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2016
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