WO2015096229A1 - 2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用 - Google Patents
2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015096229A1 WO2015096229A1 PCT/CN2014/070584 CN2014070584W WO2015096229A1 WO 2015096229 A1 WO2015096229 A1 WO 2015096229A1 CN 2014070584 W CN2014070584 W CN 2014070584W WO 2015096229 A1 WO2015096229 A1 WO 2015096229A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- hydroxybenzoate
- dose
- application
- feed
- Prior art date
Links
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- PZXFWBWBWODQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-carboxyphenolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O PZXFWBWBWODQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- LODHFNUFVRVKTH-ZHACJKMWSA-N 2-hydroxy-n'-[(e)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]benzohydrazide Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NNC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 LODHFNUFVRVKTH-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium salicylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001142 anti-diarrhea Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dibenzoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of livestock and poultry breeding, and particularly relates to the application of zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate as a substitute for high-dose zinc oxide for feeding. Background technique:
- Zinc is one of the essential trace elements in animals. It was first discovered in the early 1990s that high-dose zinc oxide was added to the feed of weaned pigs to reduce the rate of diarrhea and increase the daily gain, which was widely used in the global feed industry. At the same time, the problem of heavy metal pollution caused by high-dose zinc oxide applications has gradually gained attention. High-dose zinc oxide has been banned in the EU since recent years. Although, China's weaned pigs are allowed to use 2250ppm of zinc, this is a convenient way to achieve high-dose zinc oxide equivalent anti-diarrhea effect while ensuring no heavy metal pollution, a new efficient and safe high-dose zinc oxide for feeding. Alternative products are needed for the development of modern animal husbandry. Summary of the invention:
- the invention has found through experiments that 350 ppm of zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate can achieve an improvement of the production performance of the test pig by 100OOppm ZnO. From this, it can be seen that the zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate of the present invention as an additive can achieve a growth promoting performance at a low dose of zinc ions at a high dose of zinc ions as an additive zinc ion.
- the zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate of the present invention can be used as a substitute for high-dose zinc oxide in the feed additive, and has the functions of resisting diarrhea and promoting growth, that is, zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate is used for preparing animals against diarrhea and promoting growth. Application in the agent.
- the present invention provides the use of zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate as a substitute for high-dose zinc oxide for feeding.
- the zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate is an internal complex salt having a molar ratio of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid to zinc of 1:1.
- the animal is preferably a pig.
- the zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate has an additive amount of 100 to 3000 ppm in an animal feed, and preferably a dose of 200 to 1000 ppm.
- the animal word material is preferably a full-price word.
- the invention proves that a series of experiments prove that the application of zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate in the pig word material can reduce the dosage of nearly 80% ZnO to achieve the same production performance, can significantly reduce the application of zinc in the animal husbandry, and can reduce the production cost. It has broad application prospects by reducing the side effects of high zinc and reducing environmental pollution. detailed description:
- the product was analyzed for free water and crystal water, and the free water content was 5.1%.
- the content of zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate in the product was 97.27 g, and the reaction yield was 96.26%.
- the zinc hydroxybenzoate has a molecular formula of C 7 H 4 0 3 Zn and a molecular weight of 201.1. The structural formula is as shown in Equation 1.
- 350-1500 ppm of zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate (based on the compound, the same below) can significantly reduce the diarrhea rate of the test pig, and the improvement of the production performance is obvious. Dose effect. 350 ppm of zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate can achieve an improvement in the performance of the test pigs by achieving 1000 ppm of ZnO.
- Zinc 2-hydroxybenzoate C 7 H 4 0 3 Zn, molecular weight 201.1, one molecular formula containing one zinc ion; zinc oxide, ZnO, molecular weight 81, one molecular formula containing one zinc ion.
- the concentration of the additive is based on the compound, the same below, -: means that no zinc compound is added, the same below.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
2—羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用，可以降低近80%氧化锌的用量而达到相同的生产性能，显著减少锌在畜牧业中的应用，降低生产成本，减少高锌的毒副作用，并降低环境污染。
Description
2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用 技术领域：
本发明属于畜禽养殖领域，具体涉及 2-羟基苯甲酸锌做为饲用高剂量氧化锌 替代品的应用。 背景技术：
锌是动物必需的微量元素之一。从 1990s年代初首次发现高剂量氧化锌在断 奶猪饲料中高剂量添加能降低腹泻率、提高日增重等效果以后，在全球饲料行业 普遍应用开来。与此同时， 高剂量氧化锌应用带来的环境重金属污染问题也逐渐 得到重视。从近年起欧盟已经禁用高剂量氧化锌。虽然， 我国断奶猪词料词料允 许使用 2250ppm的锌， 但是这是权宜之计， 能够达到高剂量氧化锌同等抗腹泻 效果同时保证无重金属污染的新型的高效、安全的饲用高剂量氧化锌替代产品是 现代畜牧业发展所需。 发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供 2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用。 本发明通过实验发现， 350ppm 2-羟基苯甲酸锌即可达到 lOOOppmZnO对试 验猪生产性能的改进。由此可见，本发明的以 2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为添加物可以在 锌离子低剂量的情况下，其促生长性能达到以氧化锌作为添加物锌离子高剂量的 水平。
本发明的 2-羟基苯甲酸锌可以作为词用高剂量氧化锌替代品应用到饲料添 加剂中， 起到抗腹泻、 促生长的作用， 即 2-羟基苯甲酸锌在制备动物抗腹泻、促 生长剂中的应用。
因此， 本发明提供了 2-羟基苯甲酸锌做为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用。 所述的 2-羟基苯甲酸锌为 2-羟基苯甲酸与锌摩尔比 1 : 1的内络盐。
所述的动物优选为猪。
所述的 2-羟基苯甲酸锌， 其在动物伺料中的添加剂量为 100〜3000ppm， 优 选剂量为 200~1000ppm。
所述的动物词料优选为全价配合词料。
本发明通过一系列试验证明了 2-羟基苯甲酸锌在猪词料中应用可以降低近 80%ZnO的用量达到相同的生产性能， 可显著减少锌在畜牧业中的应用， 能降低 生产成本， 减少高锌的毒副作用， 并降低环境污染， 具有广阔的应用前景。 具体实施方式：
以下实施例是对本发明的进一歩说明， 而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例 1 : 2-羟基苯甲酸锌的合成
称取 80.0g 2-羟基苯甲酸钠和 20.0g氢氧化钠溶于 800ml水中， 搅拌溶解后 定容至 1000ml。 另称取 144.0g七水硫酸锌加水搅拌溶解后定容至 1000ml。缓慢 将硫酸锌溶液倒入 2-羟基苯甲酸钠 /氢氧化钠溶液， 边加边搅拌， 加样结束后继 续搅拌反应 30min。反应结束后将反应液抽滤并用水洗涤三遍 (每次用水 2000ml), 滤饼减压真空干燥。 共得到产物 102.5g。
取产物进行游离水和结晶水分析， 游离水含量 5.1%。 产物中 2-羟基苯甲酸 锌的含量 97.27g， 反应得率 96.26%。
取产物 0.10g用 100ml 0.1M HC1溶解后， 用 HPLC方法测定溶液中 2-羟基 苯甲酸的含量， 同时用原子吸收方法测定溶液中锌元素的含量。结果锌离子浓度 为 0.307mg/ml， 2-羟基苯甲酸的含量为 0.642mg/ml， 2-羟基苯甲酸锌产物中锌离 子与 2-羟基苯甲酸的分子摩尔比为 1 : 1， 即 2-羟基苯甲酸锌的分子式 为 C7H403Zn， 分子量为 201.1。 结构式如式一。
式一： 2-羟基苯甲酸锌结构式
基苯甲酸锌在断奶猪料中的应用效果
108头 28日龄起始平均体重 7.5kg的断奶猪、体重相近的杜长大三元杂痩肉 型小猪如表 1分 8组， 每组 12头。 各组在不含高锌的教槽料中添加不同剂量的 2-羟基苯甲酸锌化合物后， 自由采食和饮水， 统计 10天内各试验组试验猪的增 重及词料报酬及腹泻率。 结果如表 2所示， 从表 2可以看出， 350-1500ppm的 2-羟基苯甲酸锌（以化合物计， 下同）均可明显降低试验猪腹泻率， 且对生产性 能的改进有明显的剂量效应。 350ppm 2-羟基苯甲酸锌即可达到 lOOOppmZnO对 试验猪生产性能的改进。
2-羟基苯甲酸锌， C7H403Zn， 分子量为 201.1，一个分子式含有一个锌离子； 氧化锌， ZnO， 分子量 81， 一个分子式含有一个锌离子。
表 1 不同剂量 2-羟基苯甲酸锌对肉猪的促生长效果试验分组
* : 添加物的浓度是以化合物计， 下同， -: 表示不添加任何锌化合物， 下同。
表 2不同剂量 2-羟基苯甲酸锌对断奶猪的促生长效果试验结果
动物数量 平均日采食量 g 平均日增重 （g) 料肉比 腹泻率 （％)
12 270 166.7 1.62 48.2
12 335 237.6 1.41 19.8
12 332 232.2 1.43 22.1
12 312 205.3 1.52 29.3
12 296 188.5 1.57 34.8
12 293 185.4 1.58 33.7
12 313 203.2 1.54 25.2
12 273 165.4 1.65 45.5
12 253 148 1.71 27.5
Claims
1、 2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的应用， 其特征在于， 所述的 2-羟基苯甲酸锌为 2- 羟基苯甲酸与锌摩尔比 1 : 1的内络盐。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的应用， 其特征在于， 所述的动物为猪。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的应用， 其特征在于， 所述的 2-羟基苯甲酸锌， 其 在断奶饲料中的添加剂量为 100〜3000ppm， 替代高剂量 ZnO。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的应用， 其特征在于， 所述的 2-羟基苯甲酸锌， 其 在动物饲料中的添加剂量为 200~1000ppm。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310738000.7 | 2013-12-26 | ||
| CN201310738000.7A CN103749975B (zh) | 2013-12-26 | 2013-12-26 | 2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015096229A1 true WO2015096229A1 (zh) | 2015-07-02 |
Family
ID=50517430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2014/070584 WO2015096229A1 (zh) | 2013-12-26 | 2014-01-14 | 2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103749975B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2015096229A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104041669B (zh) * | 2014-05-23 | 2017-06-23 | 广州英赛特生物技术有限公司 | 癸酸锌作为动物饲料添加剂的应用 |
| CN108617856A (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-10-09 | 广州英赛特生物技术有限公司 | 苯甲酸锌在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用 |
| CN113950249A (zh) * | 2019-06-07 | 2022-01-18 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 苯甲酸和精油化合物用于改善生长性能的用途 |
| WO2020243975A1 (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2020-12-10 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Use of nutraceutical composition in animal feed |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102265987A (zh) * | 2011-08-25 | 2011-12-07 | 山东六和集团有限公司 | 断奶仔猪配合饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN102640879A (zh) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-08-22 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | 一种完全熟化的乳猪配合饲料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE523209C2 (sv) * | 2002-05-14 | 2004-04-06 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Förfarande för att reducera metanbildningen från matspjälkningsaktiviteter hos djur |
| CN101578051A (zh) * | 2006-12-06 | 2009-11-11 | 美国硼砂公司 | 动物饲料组合物 |
| CN101720856A (zh) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-06-09 | 刘方圆 | 一种仔猪抗病精饲料添加剂 |
| CN101946897B (zh) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-09-26 | 绵阳崴尼达化工有限公司 | 一种水溶性吡啶甲酸铬的生产方法 |
-
2013
- 2013-12-26 CN CN201310738000.7A patent/CN103749975B/zh active Active
-
2014
- 2014-01-14 WO PCT/CN2014/070584 patent/WO2015096229A1/zh active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102265987A (zh) * | 2011-08-25 | 2011-12-07 | 山东六和集团有限公司 | 断奶仔猪配合饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN102640879A (zh) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-08-22 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | 一种完全熟化的乳猪配合饲料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103749975B (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
| CN103749975A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2015096229A1 (zh) | 2-羟基苯甲酸锌作为饲用高剂量氧化锌替代品的应用 | |
| CN109170228A (zh) | 一种具有强缓冲能力的液体复合酸化剂及其制备工艺 | |
| CN107668327A (zh) | 一种槲皮素金属螯合物在动物饲料添加剂的应用 | |
| CN104000026B (zh) | 一种克氏原螯虾体内重金属脱除剂的制备方法及应用 | |
| WO2016131205A1 (zh) | 对甲基苯甲酸或其盐作为动物饲料添加剂的应用 | |
| CN104186958B (zh) | 肉豆蔻酸铜作为饲料添加剂的应用 | |
| BR112020006571B1 (pt) | Sal composto de n, n-dimetilglicina e ácido orgânico, composição e utilização. | |
| CN114246261A (zh) | 改性蒙脱石饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
| CN105053590B (zh) | 一种断奶仔猪微量元素预混合饲料及配合饲料 | |
| CN103880712A (zh) | 二氨基胍衍生物及其在制备动物饲用生长促进剂中的应用 | |
| CN106188200B (zh) | 蔗糖锌络合物的制备方法 | |
| ES2639168T3 (es) | Método para la producción de carboxilatos-aminoatos metálicos y su uso como promotores de crecimiento en alimentación animal | |
| CN104920809B (zh) | 一种改善母猪奶水中乳汁寡糖的饲料添加剂预混剂及其使用方法 | |
| CN102702017B (zh) | 一种烷基三甲铵钙土霉素的制备方法 | |
| CN101838214A (zh) | 一种饲料添加剂dl-苏氨酸螯合铜的制备方法 | |
| CN105813470B (zh) | 递送高度可吸收的金属的乙二胺金属络合物用于动物营养的用途 | |
| EP2992884A1 (en) | Use of enrofloxacin salt in preparing swine oral preparation | |
| CN107811118A (zh) | 一种甘草酸锌作为动物饲料添加剂的应用 | |
| CN112293577A (zh) | 一种全溶型甘氨酸亚铁及其制备方法与应用 | |
| WO2015096228A1 (zh) | 2-羟基苯甲酸铜作为饲用高铜替代品的应用 | |
| WO2015176341A1 (zh) | 癸酸锌作为动物饲料添加剂的应用 | |
| CN107637692A (zh) | 一种单宁酸锌作为动物饲料添加剂的应用 | |
| WO2013165566A1 (en) | Aqueous additive for poultry water | |
| CN111011610B (zh) | 一种载锰蒙脱石及其制备方法与应用 | |
| CN101444264B (zh) | 碱式硫酸铜在动物饲料中作为微量元素铜源添加剂的应用 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14875076 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 14875076 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |