WO2015086819A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von hexamethylendiamin - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von hexamethylendiamin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015086819A1 WO2015086819A1 PCT/EP2014/077564 EP2014077564W WO2015086819A1 WO 2015086819 A1 WO2015086819 A1 WO 2015086819A1 EP 2014077564 W EP2014077564 W EP 2014077564W WO 2015086819 A1 WO2015086819 A1 WO 2015086819A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogenation
- muconic acid
- catalyst
- hexanediol
- muconic
- Prior art date
Links
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N muconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC=CC(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 263
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-CCAGOZQPSA-N Muconic acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C/C=C\C(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical compound C1CCCNCC1 ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 poly(muconic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007700 distillative separation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002210 biocatalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009904 heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
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- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-WZNPJAPVSA-N (2E,4Z)-2,4-hexadienedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C\C=C\C(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-WZNPJAPVSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SUTWPJHCRAITLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCCCCCO SUTWPJHCRAITLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- RATMLZHGSYTFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;6-hydroxy-6-oxohexanoate Chemical compound N.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O RATMLZHGSYTFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 5
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-HSFFGMMNSA-N cis,trans-muconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C=C/C(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-HSFFGMMNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-ZPUQHVIOSA-N trans,trans-muconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZRSKSQHEOZFGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium adipate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O ZRSKSQHEOZFGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019293 ammonium adipate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010633 broth Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 3
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- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001278 adipic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005263 alkylenediamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIPKKELWTGKUJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical compound N1CCCCCC1.N1CCCCCC1 CIPKKELWTGKUJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PEHLCCGXTLWMRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis-lactone Chemical compound C1CC2OC(=O)C3C1OC(=O)C32 PEHLCCGXTLWMRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009295 crossflow filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- VKONPUDBRVKQLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diol Chemical class OC1CCC(O)CC1 VKONPUDBRVKQLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001867 guaiacol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWFMWXHHVGHUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN.NCCCCCCN SWFMWXHHVGHUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000686 lactone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJURWUUOVGOHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(2-acetyloxyphenyl)methyl-[2-[(2-acetyloxyphenyl)methyl-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=1CN(CC(=O)OC)CCN(CC(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O OJURWUUOVGOHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N protochatechuic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKOLLVMJNQIZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1O WKOLLVMJNQIZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUUBOHWZSQXCSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillic acid Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 TUUBOHWZSQXCSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
- C07C209/16—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups with formation of amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J25/00—Catalysts of the Raney type
- B01J25/02—Raney nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/19—Molybdenum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/82—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C209/86—Separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
- C07C29/177—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds with simultaneous reduction of a carboxy group
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing hexamethylenediamine by subjecting muconic acid and / or one of its esters and / or one of its lactones to hydrogenation of the double bonds and reduction of the carboxylic acid and / or carboxylic acid ester groups to 1,6-hexanediol and the resulting 1,6-hexanediol is then subjected to amination to hexamethylenediamine.
- the present invention furthermore relates to hexamethylenediamine which can be prepared by means of this process.
- Hexamethylenediamine (1,6-diaminohexane) is an important raw material for the production of polyamides, especially polyamide 66 from AH salt (hexamethylenediamine adipate).
- AH salt hexamethylenediamine adipate
- Hexamethylene diisocyanate obtained which is used as a component for the production of polyurethanes.
- HMD hexamethylenediamine
- ADN adiponitrile
- Caprolactone and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation of caprolactone was prepared.
- the US 3,215,742 also describes a process for the preparation of alkylenediamines, such as. For example, hexamethylenediamine, by reaction of the corresponding diols with ammonia. It is taught that hexamethyleneimine formed as an undesirable by-product can be recycled to the amination hydrogenation stage and further converted to hexamethylene diamine. The hexamethyleneimine can simultaneously serve as a solvent for the amination reaction.
- US 3,520,933 uses cobalt, nickel and / or copper-containing catalysts for the aminating hydrogenation.
- 1, 6-hexanediol can be prepared by hydrogenation of adipic acid or adipic diesters in the presence of Cu, Co or Mn catalysts. The synthesis is carried out at a temperature of 170 to 240 ° C and a pressure of 5 to 30 MPa. 1, 6-hexanediol can also be obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of caprolactone.
- waste product DCL is very inexpensive compared to pure adipic acid.
- a considerable distillative effort has to be made to produce pure 1,6-hexanediol.
- Particular difficulty prepares the distillative separation of the occurring as by-products 1, 4-cyclohexanediols.
- Adipic acid is conventionally obtained by oxidation of cyclohexanol or
- US 4,968,612 describes a fermentation process for the preparation of muconic acid and the hydrogenation of the resulting muconic acid to adipic acid. Specifically, the Muconsaure as a 40 wt .-% slurry in acetic acid and in the presence of a palladium catalyst on carbon reacted. The water content of the acetic acid used is not specified. A disadvantage of this reaction is the use of corrosive acetic acid, the use of high quality
- WO 2010/141499 describes the oxidation of lignin to vanillic acid, its decarboxylation to 2-methoxyphenol and further conversion to catechol and finally oxidation to muconic acid and the hydrogenation of muconic acid obtained in this way with various transition metal catalysts
- Adipic acid The solvent used for the hydrogenation is not specified.
- WO 2012/141993 A1 describes the preparation of hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) from muconic diesters, wherein the muconic diesters are amidated in a first step and then directly reduced to HMDA (Route 1) or dehydrogenated after the amidation to nitriles and then hydrogenated to HMDA (Route 2 ) or hydrogenated to adipamide after amidation, dehydrated to adiponitrile and then hydrogenated to HMDA (Route 3).
- HMDA hexamethylenediamine
- the starting point are diammonium adipate-containing fermentation broths.
- D-glucose can be converted to cis, cis-muconic acid salts by fermentation.
- the pH is kept below 7 by the addition of ammonia. Subsequently, the cis, cis-muconate at room temperature in
- Diammonium adipate DAA
- MAA monoammonium adipate
- AA adipic acid
- Distillation is cooled and the resulting solid, which consists of MAA, separated.
- an aqueous MAA solution is heated with addition of water and ammonia-containing water vapor is separated off.
- the solid obtained after cooling consists of adipic acid.
- the adipic acid thus obtained becomes 1, 6 Hydrogenated hexane and the 1,6-hexanediol aminated with ammonia to hexamethylenediamine.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an economical process for the preparation of hexamethylenediamine. If the process on adipic acid proceeds as an intermediate stage on elaborate separation and
- Cleaning steps for their preparation can be dispensed with.
- this process should not start from petrochemical C6 building blocks but from C6 building blocks that can be produced from renewable raw materials.
- the hexamethylenediamine is to be made available in high yield and purity.
- a muconic acid starting material which is selected from muconic acid, esters of muconic acid, lactones of muconic acid and mixtures thereof, a one- or two-stage reaction with hydrogen with hydrogenation of the double bonds and reduction of the carboxylic acid -, carboxylic acid esters and / or lactone groups to 1, 6-hexanediol and the resulting 1, 6-hexanediol then a
- the muconic acid used is derived from renewable (biogenic) sources.
- a first object of the invention is a process for the preparation of
- Hexamethylenediamine comprising: a) providing a muconic acid starting material selected from
- Muconic acid esters of muconic acid, lactones of muconic acid, the hydrogenated monolactone of muconic acid and mixtures thereof, b) the muconic acid starting material of a reaction with hydrogen in
- Another object of the invention is hexamethylene diamine, having a C 14 / C 12 -lsoto- pentex in the range of 0.5 x 10 "12 to 5 ⁇ 10.” 12
- Another object of the invention is hexamethylenediamine, which can be prepared starting from biocatalytically from at least one renewable raw material synthesized Muconsaure.
- the muconic acid starting material provided in step a) contains no salts of the muconic acid.
- the hydrogenation in step b) takes place in the liquid phase in the presence of water as the sole solvent.
- Muconic acid (2,4-hexadiene dicarboxylic acid) exists in three stereoisomeric forms, the ice, cis, cis, trans, and trans, trans forms, which may be present as a mixture. All three forms are crystalline compounds with high melting points (decomposition), see e.g. B. Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Volume 4, page 2867). It has been found that hydrogenation of Muconklareschmelzen technically is hardly possible, since the most preferred hydrogenation temperatures are well below the melting points. Therefore, an inert solvent with the highest possible solubility for muconic acid would be desirable for the hydrogenation.
- FIG. Process for the preparation of hexamethylenediamine comprising: a) providing a muconic acid starting material selected from muconic acid, esters of muconic acid, lactones of muconic acid and mixtures thereof, subjecting the muconic acid starting material to 1, 6-hexanediol to a reaction with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst, and subjecting the 1,6-hexanediol obtained in step b) to an amination in the presence of an amination catalyst to give hexamethylenediamine.
- Muconchusgangsmaterial wherein the muconic acid is derived from a renewable source, the preparation thereof is preferably carried out by biocatalytic synthesis of at least one renewable raw material.
- a muconic acid starting material which is selected from muconic acid, Muconklaremonoestern, muconic diesters, poly (muconic acid esters) and mixtures thereof.
- a muconic acid starting material which is selected from lactones (III), (IV) and (V) and mixtures thereof:
- a solvent which is selected from water, aliphatic C 1 to C 8 alcohols, aliphatic C 2 to C 6 diols, ethers and mixtures it.
- Hydrogenation catalyst in step b) a homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Transition metal catalyst is used, preferably a heterogeneous transition metal catalyst.
- step b) a muconic acid starting material is used, which is selected from
- Muconic acid muconic acid monoesters, lactones of muconic acid and
- the hydrogenation catalyst contains at least 50 wt .-% cobalt, ruthenium or rhenium based on the total weight of the reduced catalyst.
- step b) a muconic acid starting material is used, which is selected from
- Muconklacondiestern poly (muconic acid esters) and mixtures thereof and the hydrogenation catalyst at least 50 wt .-% of copper based on the
- Total weight of the reduced catalyst contains.
- step b) Hydrogenation in step b) takes place at a temperature which is in the range of 50 to 300 ° C. 13.
- a temperature which is in the range of 50 to 300 ° C. 13.
- Hydrogenation in step b) takes place at a hydrogen partial pressure which is in a range of 100 to 300 bar. 14. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the hydrogenation in step b) takes place without intermediate isolation of adipic acid or an ester of adipic acid.
- step b) the
- the following sub-steps include:
- the second catalyst contains at least 50% by weight of elements selected from the group consisting of rhenium, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, and the total weight of the reduced catalyst Copper.
- adipic acid-containing water which is obtained after isolation of the second catalyst after completion of step b2), is used as solvent in step b1).
- 20. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the hydrogenation in step b) is carried out in n successive hydrogenation reactors, wherein n is an integer of at least two. 21. Method according to embodiment 20, wherein the 1. to (n-1). Reactor has a guided in an external circuit current from the reaction zone.
- Step b) obtained 1,6-hexanediol in step c) is reacted with ammonia in the presence of the amination catalyst to hexamethylenediamine.
- step c) is carried out with or without supply of hydrogen.
- Reaction discharge of the amination in step c) is subjected to a separation to obtain a hexamethyleneimine enriched and a hexamethylenediamine depleted fraction.
- enriched fraction is recycled to the amination in step c).
- step c) consists of recycled fraction of hexamethyleneimine and 1,6-hexanediol.
- step c) A process according to embodiment 28, wherein the recycled to the amination in step c) fraction to 20 to 35 wt .-% of hexamethyleneimine and 80 to 65 wt .-% of 1, 6-hexanediol.
- step c) hexamethyleneimine is used as the sole solvent.
- Hexamethylenediamine characterized in that it comprises a C 14 / C 12 -lsotopenver- ratio in the range of 0.5 x 10 "12 to 5 ⁇ 10.”
- hexamethylenediamine characterized in that it can be prepared starting from biocatalytically from at least one renewable raw material synthesized Muconsaure.
- esters of the muconic acid are the esters with a separate (external) alcohol component.
- lactones the lactones
- Muconic acids are those obtainable by intramolecular Michael addition
- the lactone (III) is a monolactone which still contains a hydrogenatable carbon-carbon double bond.
- the lactone (IV), however, is a bis-lactone containing no hydrogenatable carbon-carbon double bond.
- the lactone (V) can also be formed by intramolecular Michael addition of dihydromuconic acid. Regardless of its preparation, the lactone (V) in the context of the invention is also referred to as "hydrogenated monolactone of muconic acid".
- the muconic acid provided in step a) of the process according to the invention comes from renewable sources.
- this includes natural (biogenic) sources and non-fossil sources, such as crude oil, natural gas or coal.
- natural (biogenic) sources and non-fossil sources, such as crude oil, natural gas or coal.
- non-fossil sources such as crude oil, natural gas or coal.
- Muconic acid from carbohydrates, eg. As starch, cellulose and sugars, or lignin.
- Renewable compounds, for example Muconic acid has a different 14 C to 12 C isotope ratio than compounds derived from fossil sources such as petroleum. The used in step a)
- Muconsaure accordingly has preferably a C 14-to-12 C lsotopeneat in the range of 0.5 * 10 12 to 5 ⁇ 10 12.
- the production of muconic acid from renewable sources can be carried out by all methods known to those skilled in the art, preferably biocatalytically.
- muconic acid (2,4-hexadiene dicarboxylic acid) exists in three isomeric forms, the ice, cis, cis, trans and trans, trans forms, which may be present as a mixture.
- the term "muconic acid” encompasses the different conformers of muconic acid in any desired composition.
- Suitable starting materials for the reaction with hydrogen in step b) of the process according to the invention are in principle all conformers of the muconic acid and / or its esters and any mixtures thereof.
- a starting material is used which is enriched in cis, trans-muconic acid and / or its esters or which consists of cis, trans-muconic acid and / or their esters.
- cis, trans-muconic acid and their esters have a higher solubility in water and in organic media than cis, cis-muconic acid and trans, trans -muconic acid.
- step b) of the process according to the invention If a feedstock containing at least one component selected from cis, cis-muconic acid, trans, trans-muconic acid and / or esters thereof is used in step b) of the process according to the invention, this is added to an isomerization before or during the hydrogenation cis, trans-muconic acid or its esters
- Suitable catalysts are, in particular, inorganic or organic acids, hydrogenation catalysts, iodine or UV radiation.
- Suitable hydrogenation catalysts are those described below.
- the isomerization can be carried out, for example, by the process described in WO 201 1/08531 1 A1.
- the starting material for the reaction with hydrogen in step b) to at least 80 wt .-%, more preferably at least 90 wt .-% of cis, trans-Muconklare and / or their esters, based on the total weight of all
- a muconic acid starting material which is selected from muconic acid, muconic acid monoesters,
- muconic diesters poly (muconic acid esters), lactones of muconic acid and mixtures thereof.
- muconic acid polyester also denotes oligomeric muconic acid esters which have at least one derived from the muconic acid or the diol used for ester formation
- the muconic acid monoester used is at least one compound of the general formula (I)
- Preferred as poly (muconic acid ester) is at least one compound of the general formula (VI) OO
- x is an integer from 2 to 6
- n is an integer from 1 to 100
- R 3 is H, straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or a group HO- (CH 2) x - stands,
- the degree of polymerization of the poly denotes the sum of the repeat units which formally derive from muconic acid and the repeat units which formally derive from diols HO- (CH 2) x -OH.
- the hydrogenation in step b) is carried out using a muconic acid starting material selected from muconic acid, muconic acid monoesters, muconic diesters, poly (muconic acid esters) and
- step b) the hydrogenation in step b) is carried out using a muconic acid starting material selected from lactones (III), (IV) and (V) and mixtures thereof:
- a muconic acid starting material which is selected from muconic acid, muconic acid monoesters, muconic diesters, poly (muconic acid esters) and mixtures thereof, and the hydrogenation is carried out in the liquid phase.
- the hydrogenation in step b) takes place in the liquid phase in the presence of a solvent which is selected from water, aliphatic C 1 to C 8 alcohols, aliphatic C 2 to C 6 diols, ethers and mixtures thereof.
- a solvent which is selected from water, aliphatic C 1 to C 8 alcohols, aliphatic C 2 to C 6 diols, ethers and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent is selected from water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol and tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether and mixtures thereof.
- Aliphatic C to C5 alcohols, water and mixtures of these solvents are preferred.
- Particularly preferred are methanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, water and mixtures of these solvents.
- 1, 6-hexanediol can be used alone or in admixture with alcohols and / or water.
- the 10 to 60 wt .-% muconic acid or one of its esters is used, more preferably 20 to 50 wt .-%, most preferably 30 to 50 wt. %, contains.
- At least one muconic acid diester of the general formula (II) is used for the hydrogenation in step b).
- Suitable hydrogenation catalysts for the reaction in step b) are in principle the transition metal catalysts known to those skilled in the art for hydrogenating carbon-carbon double bonds.
- the catalyst includes at least one transition metal of groups 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the periodic table according to IUPAC.
- the catalyst comprises at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu and Au.
- the catalyst has at least one transition metal from the group Co, Ni, Cu, Re, Fe, Ru, Rh, Ir.
- the hydrogenation catalysts consist of said transition metals as such or comprise said transition metals supported, as precipitation catalysts, as Raney catalysts or as mixtures thereof.
- Hydrogenation catalysts may comprise virtually all prior art support materials which are advantageously used in the preparation of supported catalysts, for example carbon, S1O2 (quartz), porcelain, magnesium oxide,
- Tin dioxide silicon carbide, T1O2 (rutile, anatase), Al2O3 (alumina), aluminum silicate, steatite (magnesium silicate), zirconium silicate, cersilicate or mixtures thereof
- Preferred support materials are carbon, alumina and silica.
- a particularly preferred carrier material is carbon.
- the silica support material can silica materials of different origin and production, for. B. pyrogenic silicas or wet-chemically prepared silicas, such as silica gels, aerogels or
- Precipitated silicas used for catalyst preparation (for the preparation of various SiO 2 starting materials see: W. Büchner, R. Sch Kunststoffs, G.
- the hydrogenation catalysts can be used as shaped bodies, for. B. in the form of spheres, rings, cylinders, cubes, cuboids or other geometric bodies.
- Unsupported catalysts can be formed by conventional methods, e.g. By extruding, tableting, etc.
- the shape of supported catalysts is determined by the shape of the support.
- the support may be subjected to a molding process before or after application of the catalytically active component (s).
- the transition metal catalysts K can, for. B. in the form of pressed cylinders, tablets, pastilles, carriage wheels, rings, stars or extrudates, such as solid strands, polylobd strands, hollow strands and
- Honeycomb bodies or other geometric bodies are used.
- the catalyst particles generally have an average of the (largest)
- These include z. B. transition metal catalysts K in the form of tablets, for. B. with a diameter from 1 to 7 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm, and a height of 3 to 5 mm, rings with z. B. 4 to 7 mm, preferably 5 to 7 mm, outer diameter, 2 to 5 mm in height and 2 to 3 mm hole diameter, or strands of different lengths
- Such forms can be obtained in a manner known per se by tableting, extrusion or extrusion.
- the catalyst composition customary auxiliaries, for.
- lubricants such as graphite,
- the catalyst can be present under the hydrogenation conditions both as a homogeneous and as a heterogeneous catalyst.
- the catalyst is present under the hydrogenation conditions as a heterogeneous catalyst. If a heterogeneous catalyst is used, this can be applied, for example, to a reticulated carrier.
- the heterogeneous catalyst can be applied to the inner wall of a tubular support, wherein the tubular support is flowed through by the reaction mixture.
- the catalyst can be used as a particulate solid.
- the hydrogenation in step b) takes place in the liquid phase and the catalyst is in the form of a suspension. If a liquid reaction product is removed from the reaction zone, the suspended catalyst can be kept in the reaction zone by retention methods known to those skilled in the art. These retention methods preferably comprise a cross-flow filtration, a
- a muconic acid starting material is used for the hydrogenation in step b), which is selected from muconic acid,
- Muconic acid monoesters lactones of muconic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrogenation in step b) is preferably carried out using a hydrogenation catalyst which contains at least 50% by weight of cobalt, ruthenium or rhenium, based on the total weight of the reduced catalyst.
- catalysts which contain at least 50% by weight of cobalt are used for the hydrogenation, they may furthermore contain, in particular, phosphoric acid and / or further transition metals, preferably copper, manganese and / or molybdenum.
- phosphoric acid and / or further transition metals, preferably copper, manganese and / or molybdenum.
- transition metals preferably copper, manganese and / or molybdenum.
- catalyst precursors can be reduced to the active, metallic cobalt-containing catalysts by treatment with hydrogen or mixtures of hydrogen and inert gases such as nitrogen. These catalysts are full contacts, which are predominantly made of metal and contain no catalyst support. Hydrogenation of muconic diesters and muconic acid polyesters
- a muconic acid starting material is used for the hydrogenation in step b), which is selected from muconic diesters, poly (muconic acid esters) and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrogenation in step b) preferably uses a hydrogenation catalyst which contains at least 50% by weight of copper, based on the total weight of the reduced catalyst.
- Suitable catalysts are in principle all suitable for the hydrogenation of carbonyl homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts such as metals, metal oxides, metal compounds or mixtures thereof into consideration.
- Examples of homogeneous catalysts are, for example, in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume IV / 1 c, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 1980, pp 45-67 and examples of heterogeneous catalysts are, for example in Houben-Weyl, methods of organic chemistry , Volume IV / 1 c, pp 16 to 26 described.
- catalysts which contain one or more of the elements from subgroups I and VI. to VIII. of the Periodic Table of the Elements, preferably copper, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, rhenium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel or palladium, particularly preferably copper, cobalt or rhenium.
- the already mentioned cobalt, ruthenium or rhenium-containing catalysts be used.
- the catalysts may consist solely of active components or their
- Active components can be applied to carriers.
- Suitable carrier materials are, in particular, O 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, ZrO 2, ZnO, BaO and MgO or mixtures thereof.
- catalysts as described in EP 0 552 463 A1. These are catalysts which in the oxidic form the composition
- Suitable salts are, for example, halides, sulfates and nitrates.
- Suitable precipitants are all agents which lead to the formation of such insoluble intermediates, which can be converted by thermal treatment in the oxides.
- Particularly suitable intermediates are the hydroxides and carbonates or bicarbonates, so that alkali metal carbonates or ammonium carbonate are used as particularly preferred precipitants.
- the BET surface area of such catalysts is between 10 and 150 m 2 / g.
- catalysts are suitable which have a BET surface area of 50 to 120 m 2 / g, wholly or partially contain crystals with spinel structure and copper in the form of copper oxide.
- the WO 2004/085 356 A1 describes for the inventive method suitable copper catalysts, the copper oxide, alumina and at least one of the oxides of lanthanum, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium or zirconium and additionally powdered metallic copper, copper flakes, powdered cement, graphite or containing a mixture thereof. These catalysts are particularly suitable for all mentioned ester hydrogenations.
- the hydrogenation in step b) can be carried out batchwise or continuously, with continuous hydrogenation being preferred.
- the hydrogenation in step b) can be carried out in the liquid phase or in the gas phase.
- the catalyst loading in continuous operation is preferably 0.1 to 2 kg, more preferably 0.5 to 1 kg to be hydrogenated starting material per kg
- the molar ratio of hydrogen to muconic acid starting material is preferably from 50: 1 to 10: 1, more preferably from 30: 1 to 20: 1.
- Muconchusmaterial is according to the invention is selected from muconic acid, esters of muconic acid, lactones of muconic acid and mixtures thereof. If, for the hydrogenation in step b), a muconic acid starting material is used which is selected from at least two of the abovementioned compounds, the amount of hydrogen used, depending on the proportion of the compounds to be hydrogenated, is chosen according to the abovementioned design rule. In a special embodiment of the method according to the invention, the
- n is an integer of at least 2. Suitable values for n are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Preferably, n is 3 to 6 and in particular 2 or 3. In this embodiment, the hydrogenation is preferably carried out continuously.
- the reactors used for the hydrogenation may independently have one or more reaction zones within the reactor.
- the reactors may be the same or different reactors. These can be z. B. each have the same or different mixing characteristics and / or be subdivided by internals one or more times.
- Suitable pressure-resistant reactors for the hydrogenation are known to the person skilled in the art. These include the commonly used reactors for gas-liquid reactions, such as. B. tube reactors, tube bundle reactors, gas circulation reactors, bubble columns,
- Hydrogenation catalysts can be carried out in fixed bed or suspension mode become.
- the fixed bed mode can be z. B. in sump or in trickle run.
- the hydrogenation catalysts are preferably used as
- heterogeneous catalysts are also used.
- the heterogeneous catalysts are usually used in a finely divided state and are finely suspended in the reaction medium before.
- Suitable heterogeneous catalysts and processes for their preparation are those described above.
- the fixed bed can be formed from a single or multiple beds.
- Each bed may have one or more zones, wherein at least one of the zones contains a material active as a hydrogenation catalyst.
- Each zone can have one or more different catalytically active materials and / or one or more different inert materials. Different zones may each have the same or different compositions. It is also possible to provide a plurality of catalytically active zones, which are separated from each other, for example, by inert beds.
- the individual zones can also be provided.
- reaction medium flowing through the fixed bed contains at least one liquid phase.
- the reaction medium may also contain a gaseous phase in addition.
- Loop apparatuses such as jet loops or propeller loops, stirred tanks, which can also be configured as stirred tank cascades, bubble columns or air-lift reactors are used.
- stirred tanks which can also be configured as stirred tank cascades, bubble columns or air-lift reactors are used.
- the reactors are preferably operated in direct current.
- the feeding of the feed streams can be done both from above and from below.
- at least two of the reactors ie, 2 to n of the reactors
- each downstream reactor is operated at a higher temperature than the previous reactor.
- each of the reactors may have two or more different temperature reaction zones. Thus, for example, in a second reaction zone another, preferably a higher, temperature than in the first reaction zone or in each subsequent reaction zone, a higher temperature than in a
- the hydrogenation in step b) is a
- Hydrogenation from at least two reactors or at least one reactor with at least two reaction zones used is carried out initially in a temperature range of 50 to 160 ° C and then in a
- At least two of the reactors may have a different pressure from each other.
- each downstream reactor is operated at a higher pressure than the previous reactor.
- the feeding of the hydrogen required for the hydrogenation can be carried out in the first and optionally additionally in at least one further reactor.
- the feed of hydrogen takes place only in the first reactor.
- the amount of hydrogen fed to the reactors results from the amount of hydrogen consumed in the hydrogenation reaction and optionally with the exhaust gas
- the setting of the reacted in the respective reactor portion of compound to be hydrogenated can, for. B. on the reactor volume and / or the residence time in the reactor.
- Adipic acid ester is preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%.
- the total conversion in the hydrogenation, based on hydrogenatable starting material, is preferably at least 97%, particularly preferably at least 98%, in particular at least 99%.
- the selectivity in the hydrogenation, based on formed 1,6-hexanediol, is preferably at least 97%, particularly preferably at least 98%, in particular at least 99%.
- one or more of the reactors may be provided with at least one cooling device.
- at least the first reactor is provided with a cooling device.
- the heat of reaction can be removed by cooling an external recycle stream or by internal cooling in at least one of the reactors.
- the customary devices in general hollow body modules, such as field tubes, tube coils,
- Heat exchanger plates, etc. are used.
- the reaction can also be carried out in a cooled tube bundle reactor.
- the hydrogenation is carried out in n successive hydrogenation reactors, wherein n is an integer of at least two, and wherein at least one reactor via a guided in an external circuit current from the
- Reaction zone exital recycle stream, liquid circulation
- n stands for two or three.
- the hydrogenation is preferably carried out in n hydrogenation reactors connected in series, where n is preferably two or three, and the first to (n-1). Reactor has a guided in an external circuit current from the reaction zone.
- the hydrogenation is preferably carried out in n hydrogenation reactors connected in series, n preferably being two or three, and the reaction being carried out adiabatically in the nth reactor (the last reactor through which the reaction mixture to be hydrogenated is passed).
- the hydrogenation is carried out in n series-connected hydrogenation reactors, where n is preferably two or three, and wherein the n.
- Reactor is operated in a straight pass. If a reactor is operated "in straight pass", it should be understood here and below that a reactor without recirculation of the
- Reaction product is operated in the sense of loop method.
- Operation in a straight pass does not exclude backmixing internals and / or stirring devices in the reactor.
- the hydrogenated reaction mixture in one of the reactors downstream of the first reactor ie the second to nth reactor
- the heat of reaction occurring during the reaction is insufficient to maintain the desired temperature in the reactor. can also do one
- Heating the reactor may be required. This can analogously to the previously described removal of
- Heat of reaction by heating an external recirculation flow or by internal heating done.
- the heat of reaction from at least one of the previous reactors can be used to control the temperature of a reactor.
- the heat of reaction removed from the reaction mixture can be used to heat the feed streams of the reactors.
- Reactors of the feed stream from the (m-1) -th reactor in the mth reactor with a recycle stream of the mth reactor mixed and the combined streams are then fed into the mth reactor. Furthermore, the feed stream of the compound to be hydrogenated and / or another feed stream by means of a
- Heat exchanger are heated, which is operated with extracted hydrogenation heat.
- a reactor cascade of n reactors connected in series is used, the reaction being carried out adiabatically in the nth (nth) reactor. This term is used in the context of
- reaction mixture upon passing through the second reactor, the reaction mixture usually undergoes one due to the exothermic hydrogenation reaction
- Amount of heat absorbed by the reaction mixture in the reactor and no cooling is used by cooling devices.
- the reaction heat is removed with the reaction mixture from the second reactor, except for a residual portion which is discharged by natural heat conduction and heat radiation from the reactor to the environment.
- the nth reactor is operated in a straight pass.
- a two-stage reactor cascade is used for the hydrogenation, wherein the first hydrogenation reactor has a current conducted in an external circuit from the reaction zone.
- a reactor cascade of two reactors connected in series is used, the reaction being carried out adiabatically in the second reactor.
- the hydrogenation is a three-stage
- Reactor cascade used, wherein the first and the second hydrogenation reactor have a guided in an external circuit current from the reaction zone.
- a reactor cascade of three reactors connected in series is used, the reaction being carried out adiabatically in the third reactor.
- additional mixing can take place in at least one of the reactors used.
- An additional mixing is particularly advantageous if the hydrogenation takes place at high residence times of the reaction mixture.
- the currents introduced into the reactors are used by introducing them via suitable mixing devices, such as nozzles, in the respective reactors.
- suitable mixing devices such as nozzles, in the respective reactors.
- a discharge is taken from the first to (n-1) th reactor, which still contains hydrogenatable components and is fed into the respective downstream hydrogenation reactor.
- the discharge is separated into a first and a second partial stream, wherein the first partial stream is recycled as a circular stream to the reactor to which it was taken and the second partial stream is fed to the subsequent reactor.
- the discharge may contain dissolved or gaseous portions of hydrogen.
- the discharge from the first to (n-1) th reactor becomes a
- Supplied phase separation vessel separated into a liquid and into a gaseous phase, the liquid phase separated into the first and the second partial stream and the gas phase at least partially fed separately to the subsequent reactor.
- the discharge from the first to (n-1) th reactor is fed to a phase separation vessel and separated into a first liquid hydrogen-depleted substream and a second hydrogen-enriched substream.
- the first partial flow is then recycled as a circulating stream to the reactor, to which it has been removed and the second partial flow fed to the subsequent reactor.
- the feed of the second to nth reactor with hydrogen is not carried out via a hydrogen-containing feed taken from the upstream reactor, but with fresh hydrogen via a separate feed line.
- Inlet temperature of the feed of the compound to be hydrogenated usually leads to an improved removal of the heat of hydrogenation.
- the inlet temperature may be set higher to achieve a higher reaction rate and thus to compensate for the decreasing catalyst activity.
- the service life of the hydrogenation catalyst used can thus be extended as a rule.
- the hydrogenation is carried out in step b) without intermediate isolation of adipic acid or an ester of adipic acid.
- the first catalyst is Raney cobalt and / or Raney nickel and / or Raney copper.
- the second Catalyst based on the total weight of the reduced catalyst contains at least 50 wt .-% of elements selected from the group consisting of rhenium, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel and copper.
- the second catalyst contain at least 50% by weight of elements selected from the group consisting of rhenium, ruthenium and cobalt.
- the second catalyst contain at least 50% by weight of copper.
- the hydrogenation in step b1) is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of 50 to 160 ° C, more preferably 60 to 150 ° C, most preferably 70 to 140 ° C. In this temperature range are preferably more than 50%, more preferably more than 70%, most preferably more than 90% of the in the
- the hydrogenation in step b2) is preferably carried out at a temperature which is in the range from 160 to 240 ° C., particularly preferably from 170 to 230 ° C., very particularly preferably from 170 to 220 ° C.
- a temperature which is in the range from 160 to 240 ° C., particularly preferably from 170 to 230 ° C., very particularly preferably from 170 to 220 ° C.
- the not yet hydrogenated carbon-carbon double bonds and the carboxyl groups are hydrogenated.
- Step b1) can be carried out, for example, in a first loop reactor and step b2) in a second loop reactor.
- the reaction of step b2) can be completed in a subsequent tubular reactor. But it is also possible to make do with a loop reactor, if created in this two temperature zones. Again, a tubular reactor connects in a straight passage.
- the hydrogenations can be carried out in bottom or trickle mode.
- the discharge from the hydrogenation in step b) is subjected to a distillative separation
- the reaction product obtained in the hydrogenation of muconic acid in water as solvent is an aqueous 1,6-hexanediol solution.
- the water is preferably removed by distillation and 1, 6-hexanediol can in high purity (> 97 %).
- the muconic acid hydrogenation is carried out, for example, in methanol as solvent, part of the muconic acid is converted in situ into the monomethyl muconate and muconic acid dimethyl ester.
- the hydrogenation is a solution of 1,6-hexanediol in a mixture of methanol and water. By distillation, methanol and water are separated from 1, 6-hexanediol. Methanol is preferably separated from water and recycled to the hydrogenation. Water is discharged.
- n-butanol or i-butanol is used as the solvent in the hydrogenation of hydrogen chloride, a liquid two-phase mixture is obtained after cooling and venting of the hydrogenation effluent.
- the aqueous phase is separated from the organic phase by phase separation.
- the organic phase is distilled.
- Butanol is separated overhead and preferably recycled to the Muconklare hydrogenation. 1, 6-hexanediol can, if necessary, be further purified by distillation.
- muconic acid diesters are used for the hydrogenation, largely anhydrous solutions of 1,6-hexanediol are obtained, which can be worked up by distillation to give pure 1,6-hexanediol.
- the resulting alcohols are preferably recycled to the esterification step.
- Diol component included falls to a predominantly from 1, 6-hexanediol existing hydrogenation.
- step c) of the process according to the invention 1,6-hexanediol, obtained by a process comprising the steps a) and b), as previously defined, is subjected to an amination in the presence of an amination catalyst to obtain hexamethylenediamine.
- the 1,6-hexanediol is preferably reacted with ammonia in the presence of the amination catalyst to hexamethylenediamine in step c).
- the amination according to the invention can be carried out without the supply of hydrogen, but preferably with the supply of hydrogen.
- catalysts in one embodiment of the invention are preferably predominantly cobalt, silver, nickel, copper or ruthenium or mixtures thereof Metals used.
- metals used By “predominantly” it is to be understood that one of these metals contains more than 50% by weight in the catalyst (calculated without carrier)
- the catalysts can be used as unsupported catalysts, ie without catalyst carrier or as carrier catalysts.
- the carriers used are preferably SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, T 2 O 2, ZrO 2, activated carbon, silicates and / or zeolites
- Catalysts are preferably used as fixed bed catalysts. It is also possible to use cobalt, nickel and / or copper in the form of Raney type suspension catalysts.
- the amination of the 1,6-hexanediol is carried out in a homogeneous phase and the catalyst is a complex catalyst containing at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table (IUPAC) and at least one donor ligand.
- IUPAC Periodic Table
- the amination is preferably carried out at temperatures of 100 to 250 ° C, more preferably 120 to 230 ° C, most preferably 100 to 210 ° C.
- the total pressure is preferably in the range of 5 to 30 MPa, more preferably 7 to 27 MPa, most preferably 10 to 25 MPa.
- the molar ratio of 1,6-hexanediol to ammonia is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 25, most preferably 1 to 20.
- the amination can be carried out without solvent. However, it is preferably carried out in the presence of at least one solvent.
- Preferred solvents are water, ethers or mixtures of these solvents, ethers being particularly preferably selected from dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, dibutyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether.
- the aqueous 1,6-hexanediol solutions obtained in the hydrogenation of muconic acid are used without work-up in the amination step. It may be advantageous to completely or partially dehydrate part of the aqueous 1,6-hexanediol obtained in step c). In the case of partial dewatering, it is possible, for example, to remove 50%, preferably 70%, particularly preferably 90%, of the water present in the crude 1,6-hexanediol. This can be z. B. by evaporation the water at 50 to 90 ° C at reduced pressure (eg on a rotary evaporator) or by distillation.
- the amination is carried out in the presence of hexamethyleneimine as solvent or hexamethyleneimine / water mixtures.
- the amount of solvent is preferably such that 5 to 80, preferably 10 to 70, particularly preferably 15 to 60 wt .-% strength 1, 6-hexanediol solutions.
- the amination of 1,6-hexanediol with ammonia takes place in a first substep c1) to give a mixture of 1-amino-6-hydroxyhexane and hexamethylenediamine which contains more than 50% by weight of 1-amino Contains 6-hydroxyhexane.
- This is separated in a partial step c2) together with hexamethylenediamine from unreacted 1, 6-hexanediol and reacted in a sub-step c3) with further ammonia to hexamethylenediamine.
- the amination can be discontinuous or continuous, in the liquid or
- Hexamethylenediamine is preferably carried out by distillation. Since 1-amino-6-hydroxyhexane and hexamethylenediamine have very similar vapor pressures, becomes pure
- Hexamethylenediamine discharged Mixtures of 1-amino-6-hydroxyhexane and hexamethylenediamine are recycled to the distillation stage.
- Hexamethyleneimine can be separated by distillation as an azeotrope with water.
- the resulting hexamethylenediamine may be subjected to further purification. This preferably comprises at least one distillation step.
- the resulting hexamethylenediamine is passed through
- fractional distillation to "fiber grade” i.e., a hexamethylenediamine content of at least 99.9%.
- AMCPA 2-aminomethylcyclopentylamine
- DACH 1,2-diaminocyclohexane
- the hexamethylenediamine prepared by the method of this invention from renewable sources typically has a 14 C-to-12 C lsotopeneat in the range of 0.5 x 10 12 to 5 ⁇ 10 "12.
- the invention is based on the following non-limiting Examples explained in more detail.
- Adipic Acid A suspension of 24 g of cis, cis-muconic acid and 1 g of Raney Ni in 56 g of water was introduced into a 250 ml stirring autoclave, 3 MPa of hydrogen were pressed in and heated to 80.degree. After reaching the temperature of 80 ° C, the pressure was increased to 10 MPa and replenished so much hydrogen that the pressure remained constant. After 12 h reaction time was cooled to a temperature of 60 ° C, on
- Discharge vessel The discharges were analyzed by gas chromatography (% by weight, method with internal standard). The yield of 1, 6-hexanediol was 94%, the conversion of adipic acid was 98.5%. Other products found were 3% 6-hydroxycaproic acid, 1% 6-hydroxycaproic acid 1,6-hexanediol ester and 1% hexanol.
- the water content of the crude 1, 6-hexanediol prepared according to Example 3 of this application was lowered by evaporation at 70 ° C and water jet vacuum to 5 wt .-%.
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ES2781329T3 (es) | 2015-07-22 | 2020-09-01 | Basf Se | Procedimiento para preparar ácido furan-2,5-dicarboxílico |
JP2021014429A (ja) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-02-12 | 旭化成株式会社 | ヘキサメチレンジアミンの製造方法 |
JP2021014427A (ja) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-02-12 | 旭化成株式会社 | ヘキサメチレンジアミンの製造方法 |
CN112898163B (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-06-24 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种环己亚胺氨化制备1,6-己二胺的方法 |
WO2024093807A1 (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 制备己二胺的方法 |
CN118005517A (zh) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-05-10 | 河南能源集团研究总院有限公司 | 一种雷尼镍催化加氢制备1,4-丁二胺的方法 |
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WO2012141993A1 (en) * | 2011-04-09 | 2012-10-18 | Amyris, Inc. | Process for preparing hexamethylenediamine and polyamides therefrom |
WO2012170060A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | Bioamber S.A.S. | Processes for producing hexanediol (hdo), hexamethylenediamine (hmd), and derivatives thereof |
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JP3779752B2 (ja) * | 1995-08-14 | 2006-05-31 | 昭和電工株式会社 | アルコール、ラクトンまたはエーテルの製造法 |
DE102011003595B4 (de) * | 2011-02-03 | 2014-04-17 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Herstellung von in ihrer Hauptkette linearen primären Diaminen für Polyamidsynthesen |
-
2014
- 2014-12-12 EP EP14809898.1A patent/EP3080064A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-12-12 US US15/102,947 patent/US20160326092A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-12-12 WO PCT/EP2014/077564 patent/WO2015086819A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-12-12 JP JP2016539119A patent/JP2017502949A/ja active Pending
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US3215742A (en) * | 1960-02-02 | 1965-11-02 | Celanese Corp | Process for the preparation of alkylene diamines |
WO2012141993A1 (en) * | 2011-04-09 | 2012-10-18 | Amyris, Inc. | Process for preparing hexamethylenediamine and polyamides therefrom |
WO2012170060A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | Bioamber S.A.S. | Processes for producing hexanediol (hdo), hexamethylenediamine (hmd), and derivatives thereof |
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DRATHS K M ET AL: "ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPATIBLE SYNTHESIS OF ADIPIC ACID FROM D-GLUCOSE", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, ACS PUBLICATIONS, US, vol. 116, no. 1, 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01), pages 399/400, XP002069694, ISSN: 0002-7863, DOI: 10.1021/JA00080A057 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3080064A1 (de) | 2016-10-19 |
US20160326092A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
JP2017502949A (ja) | 2017-01-26 |
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