WO2015078107A1 - 液化天然气储罐泄漏区域定位方法 - Google Patents

液化天然气储罐泄漏区域定位方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015078107A1
WO2015078107A1 PCT/CN2014/071320 CN2014071320W WO2015078107A1 WO 2015078107 A1 WO2015078107 A1 WO 2015078107A1 CN 2014071320 W CN2014071320 W CN 2014071320W WO 2015078107 A1 WO2015078107 A1 WO 2015078107A1
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Prior art keywords
tank
storage tank
temperature
image
point
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PCT/CN2014/071320
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱闻达
刘长水
章青
吴小文
苏娟
赵磊
张育坤
Original Assignee
中国海洋石油总公司
海洋石油工程股份有限公司
天津大学
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Publication of WO2015078107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015078107A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0066Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for hot spots detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/48Thermography; Techniques using wholly visual means
    • G01J5/485Temperature profile
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/002Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using thermal means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/38Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J2005/0077Imaging

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring and positioning device, in particular to an analysis and positioning technology for a leakage area of an LNG storage tank. Background technique
  • Liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks are essential gas storage containers for LNG transportation and storage.
  • the LNG storage tank is a composite facility consisting of a steel inner tank containing a low temperature LNG liquid and a concrete outer tank providing a normal operating environment and protection function. Once the steel inner tank is partially broken, the insulation layer fails and the concrete on the outer wall of the tank is destroyed, causing serious leakage, and the tensile stress generated by the rapid cooling inside the concrete tank wall will crack the inner side of the tank wall. As the leak continues, the depth and breadth of the affected area of the outer tank will gradually develop to the outside of the tank wall and along the tank wall, jeopardizing the safety of the outer tank.
  • the main object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a liquefied natural gas storage tank leakage positioning method for timely detecting a leak.
  • the LNG storage tank leakage positioning method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the height direction is the positive direction of the ordinate, and the temperature is analyzed by taking the reference zone of 3 meters in the positive direction of the ordinate to determine the relationship of temperature with height, establishing a temperature-height curve and performing curve fitting, smooth correction; On the basis of this, the relationship between the derivative of the temperature and the height is obtained, the derivative-height curve is established and the curve is fitted, the smoothing is corrected, and the maximum value of the temperature derivative is determined; taking 0.
  • the maximum value of the temperature derivative is the temperature change Control point, the height coordinate corresponding to the temperature change control point, corresponding to the temperature -
  • the control temperature of the height coordinate corresponding to the temperature change control point is obtained, and the area surrounded by the isotherm where the control temperature is located is the area where the leak is located;
  • the corresponding point of the tank leakage on the outer wall of the LNG storage tank is
  • the center of the bottom surface of the tank is the position coordinate in the central coordinate system of the bottom surface of the coordinate origin.
  • the center coordinate of the bottom surface is the origin of the bottom surface of the tank, and the next two bulbs of the first and second groups of bulbs are connected to be parallel to the connecting line.
  • the straight line is the X-axis
  • the positive direction is the first group of bulbs pointing to the second group
  • the y-axis is the line passing the coordinate origin and the positive direction is the vertical direction
  • the z-axis is passing the coordinate origin and perpendicular to the xo 2 _y plane outward.
  • the straight line, ( ⁇ 2 , 2 , ) is in the central coordinate system of the bottom surface of the tank.
  • the leak point of the tank in the infrared image corresponds to the point coordinate on the outer wall of the tank; it is the radius of the bottom surface of the LNG tank; ⁇ is the storage of LNG An angle between a line connecting the center point of the tank bottom surface and the tank leakage corresponding point on the bottom surface of the liquefied natural gas storage tank and a positive direction of the axis of the bottom center coordinate system, wherein the tank is drained
  • H is the height of the tank
  • is the line on the line in the image coordinate system that passes the tank leakage point and is parallel to the y-axis of the image coordinate system.
  • the vertical distance between u and V is the abscissa and ordinate of any A point in the rectangular coordinate system of the pixel.
  • the image coordinate system and the pixel rectangular coordinate system are both in the image of the overall outer wall temperature distribution of the LNG storage tank.
  • the four bulbs of the first and second groups are the coordinates of the origin of the center of the corner of the corner, the direction of the horizontal to the right is the positive direction of the X axis, and the direction of the vertical direction is the plane of the right angle of the y axis.
  • the coordinates in the pixel rectangular coordinate system are pixel points, and the coordinates in the image coordinate system are position coordinates in millimeters, which respectively represent the distance between the unit pixels in the x and y directions of the infrared camera, and t is an arbitrary A.
  • the four serial images in the image form the sequence numbers of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
  • m is the temperature distribution of the single infrared camera.
  • the infrared image is cropped to remove the overlapping area and the number of pixels included in the lateral distance.
  • the method can determine the temperature change control point through the surface temperature change of the liquefied natural gas storage tank, locate the area where the tank leaks, narrow the leakage inspection area, and further determine the faulty part of the storage tank on the basis of which the operation is simple and convenient. On the other hand, it can greatly reduce the workload of tank protection, improve the reliability of LNG tank operation, and avoid dangerous situations.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall installation of the apparatus used in the method for leaking and positioning a liquefied natural gas storage tank of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the mounting structure shown in FIG.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the thermal image cropping to remove overlapping regions
  • FIG. 4 is a temperature distribution diagram of the outer wall of the entire storage tank after the thermal images taken by the four infrared cameras in FIG. 3 are spliced;
  • Figure 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5_5, 5_6 are schematic diagrams of the isotherms of the leakage area
  • Figure 6-1 is a plot of the leakage area, and 6-2 is a temperature-height, derivative-height diagram;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate system of the LNG storage tank being monitored
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of a cross-sectional point projection of a LNG storage tank being monitored. Detailed ways
  • the method for leaking three-dimensional monitoring and leaking point of the liquefied natural gas storage tank of the present invention as shown in the accompanying drawings comprises the following steps: (a) installing four sets of bulbs 2 on the outer wall of the liquefied natural gas storage tank as a reference point, in order One, two, three, and four sets of bulbs, each set of bulbs includes upper and lower bulbs installed in the same vertical direction on the top of the LNG storage tank and the bottom of the tank, and four of the four bulbs are located in the same In the circumferential direction and at a 45-degree spacing, four of the four bulbs are in the same circumferential direction and are spaced by 45 degrees; (b) four infrared cameras 3 are installed outside the LNG storage tank 1, The four thermal imaging cameras are located in the same circumferential direction and are located in liquefaction At the height of 1/2 of the natural gas storage tank, the four infrared cameras are located in the middle between the two sets of bulbs, and the distance between the four infrared cameras is adjusted from the outer wall of the LNG storage tank to make
  • the imager can detect an area larger than one quarter of the outer wall of the storage tank, the four infrared cameras are installed with a tilt angle of zero, and the center of the heat map obtained by the photographing is the plane center formed by projecting the two sets of bulbs;
  • Fig. 1 is a liquefied natural gas storage tank
  • 2 is a bulb
  • 3 is an infrared camera
  • 4 is a minimum area of the outer wall of the tank photographed by the thermal imager.
  • the specific steps for determining the area where the leak is located are as follows: The lowest temperature rectangular coordinate system is established at the lowest temperature point as the isotherm coordinate origin, and the horizontal direction parallel to the bottom edge of the temperature image is the abscissa direction, and the vertical downward direction is the vertical direction.
  • the positive direction of the coordinate the temperature is analyzed in the positive direction of the ordinate by taking the reference area of 3 meters, and the relationship between the temperature t and the height _y is determined, and the temperature-height curve is established and curve fitting is performed, and the smooth correction is performed; On this basis, the relationship between the derivative t' of the temperature and the height> is obtained, the derivative-height t'-j curve is established and the curve is fitted, the smooth correction is performed, and the maximum value of the temperature derivative ma ⁇ is determined; 707 X temperature derivative maximum value maW is the temperature change control point, the height coordinate corresponding to the temperature change point is j 3 , corresponding to the temperature-height-> change graph, and the corresponding temperature change control point is obtained.
  • the height coordinate j 3 is controlled by the temperature t 3 , and the area surrounded by the isotherm where the temperature is controlled is the area where the leak is located.
  • is the lowest temperature in the temperature drop zone
  • is the temperature at a height of 3 m
  • t 3 is the temperature at a height of j 3
  • max ⁇ is the maximum value of the temperature derivative.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ is the arbitrary point on the isotherm where the temperature is controlled
  • the corresponding point of the tank leakage on the outer wall of the liquefied natural gas storage tank is
  • the center of the bottom surface of the tank is the position coordinate in the central coordinate system of the bottom surface of the coordinate origin.
  • the center coordinate of the bottom surface is the origin of the bottom surface of the tank, and the next two bulbs of the first and second groups of bulbs are connected to be parallel to the connecting line.
  • the straight line is the X axis, the positive direction is directed to the second group by the first group of bulbs, the y axis is the line passing the coordinate origin and the positive direction is vertical upward, and the z axis is passing the coordinate origin and perpendicular to the X0 2 J plane outward
  • the straight line is in the central coordinate system of the bottom surface of the tank.
  • the leakage point of the tank in the infrared image corresponds to the point coordinate on the outer wall of the tank; it is the radius of the bottom surface of the liquefied natural gas storage tank; ⁇ is the center point of the bottom surface of the liquefied natural gas storage tank and
  • the tank leakage corresponds to the angle between the line projected on the bottom surface of the LNG storage tank and the positive direction of the axis of the bottom center coordinate system, and the corresponding point and liquid of the tank leakage
  • the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the natural gas storage tank, H is the height of the tank
  • is the line between the top of the tank and the bottom of the tank on the line parallel to the y-axis of the image coordinate system in the image coordinate system.
  • u and V are the abscissa and ordinate of any A point in the rectangular coordinate system of the pixel.
  • the image coordinate system and the pixel rectangular coordinate system are the first and second in the image of the overall outer wall temperature distribution of the LNG storage tank.
  • the four bulbs of the group are the coordinates of the origin of the center of the corner of the corner point, the direction of the horizontal to the right is the positive direction of the X-axis, and the direction of the vertical direction is the plane of the y-axis.
  • the rectangular coordinate system, the right angle of the pixel The coordinates in the coordinate system are pixel points, and the coordinates in the image coordinate system are position coordinates in millimeters, which respectively represent the distance between unit pixels in the x and y directions of the infrared camera.
  • the sequence number of the four stitching images in the image of the outer wall temperature distribution of the LNG tank at any point A is 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively, m is a single infrared thermal image.
  • the temperature distribution of the infrared image captured by the instrument is trimmed to remove the number of pixels included in the lateral distance after the overlapping area, and N points are taken on the isotherm where the temperature is controlled, and the corresponding storage on the outer wall of the tank is calculated by the above formula.
  • the tank leaks the corresponding point, and the area surrounded by the connection point where all the tank leaks are connected together is the actual tank leak area.
  • each digital image is stored as an array in the computer, and the value of each element (pixel) of the array is It is the brightness (or gray scale) of the image point.
  • the four images are spliced to include the pixel points as 4m X ".
  • the center of the rectangular area where only the bulb is a corner point is the coordinate origin 0
  • the horizontal right direction is the M- axis positive direction
  • the vertical upward direction is the plane pixel rectangular coordinate system established for the positive direction of the V-axis.
  • the coordinates of a pixel ( M , respectively represent the number of columns and rows of the pixel in the array.
  • the physical unit is created at the same coordinate origin as the o - m ⁇ mesh image plane coordinate system 0 - x_y, , respectively, representing the image plane
  • the distance between the upper unit pixels is:
  • the coordinate system i ⁇ - xj ⁇ is established on the longitudinal section of the tank.
  • the longitudinal section coordinate system of the tank is based on the section of the tank containing the first and second groups of bulbs, and the four bulbs in the longitudinal section.
  • the center of the rectangular area formed by the corner points is the coordinate origin 0 , and the next two bulbs of the first and second groups of bulbs are connected, and the straight line parallel to the connecting line is
  • the x-axis, the positive direction is directed to the second group by the first group of bulbs, the y-axis is a line passing through the coordinate origin and the positive direction is vertically upward, and the z-axis is a line passing through the coordinate origin and perpendicular to the plane outward.
  • the coordinates of a point in the delineation area of the image are (x, _y), and the line parallel to the y-axis of the image coordinate system is made by this point, and the resulting storage tank is projected on the line
  • the distance from the top of the tank to the bottom of the tank is / 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the distance between the two bulbs in each group is H, and the coordinates on the outer wall are ( ⁇ , , , ).
  • H y l x l is the convenient representation and the future position determination.
  • the bottom center coordinate system o 2 - xyz with the center of the bottom of the tank as the coordinate origin is established.
  • the center coordinate of the bottom surface is the coordinates of the center of the bottom surface of the tank.
  • the origin 0 2 is connected to the lower two of the first and second groups of bulbs, and the straight line parallel to the connecting line is the X axis, the positive direction is directed to the second group by the first group, and the y axis is the origin of the passing coordinate and the positive direction is A straight upward straight line, the z-axis is a straight line passing through the coordinate origin and perpendicular to the xo 2 _y plane.
  • the coordinates of the two coordinate systems are:
  • R represents the radius of the bottom surface of the tank.
  • a set point is a point in the image, (M., V.) Is the pixel coordinate by the formula (1) shows an image corresponding to the coordinates ( ⁇ . ⁇ ), A point corresponding to the tank in a cross-sectional ordinate system A1 point and A2 point in the center coordinate system of the bottom of the tank, the coordinates of A1 point ( ⁇ ⁇ , " ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ) and A2 point coordinates can be obtained by formula (2) ( 3 ) (Fig. 8 is the tank cross section point) The projection diagram shows the cross section of the tank where Al and A2 are located.
  • the position is indicated by the cylinder coordinate system of point A2, that is, the position of A2 is ( ⁇ ⁇ , which is the radius R of the bottom surface of the LNG tank ; it is the liquefied natural gas reservoir.
  • the angle between the center point of the tank bottom surface and the tank leakage corresponding point A2 projected on the bottom surface of the liquefied natural gas storage tank and the positive direction of the axis of the bottom center coordinate system is the tank leakage Corresponding point A2 and LNG storage tank
  • the vertical distance between the bottom surfaces, when - ⁇ M ⁇ , the A2 position can be calculated from the geometric relationship:
  • the angle between the line projected by the bottom point of the corresponding point A2 on the bottom surface of the liquefied natural gas storage tank and the positive axis direction of the bottom center coordinate system is the space between the corresponding tank leakage corresponding point A2 and the bottom surface of the liquefied natural gas storage tank.
  • the vertical distance can be expressed as:
  • the distance between the four infrared cameras is adjusted from the outer wall of the LNG storage tank so that each thermal imaging camera can detect an area larger than one quarter of the outer wall of the tank.
  • the four infrared cameras are installed with a tilt angle of zero, and the center of the heat map taken is the center of the plane formed by the two sets of bulbs.
  • the temperature distribution image of the outer wall of the tank (d) intercepting the temperature-reduced image part of the overall outer wall temperature distribution image of the LNG storage tank, and making an isotherm according to the cooling image portion, the isotherm is externally approached to the leak center
  • the temperature at the place is sequentially lowered to determine the area where the leak is located.
  • the specific steps for determining the area of the leak are as follows: Establish the lowest temperature Cartesian coordinate system at the lowest temperature point as the isotherm coordinate origin, and the horizontal direction parallel to the bottom edge of the temperature image is the abscissa Direction, the vertical direction of the vertical direction is the positive direction of the ordinate, and the temperature is analyzed by taking the reference zone of 3 meters in the positive direction of the ordinate to determine the relationship between the temperature t and the height, and establishing the temperature-height- _y curve.
  • Figure and curve fitting, smooth correction on this basis, the relationship between the derivative t' of the temperature and the height j is obtained, the derivative-height t'-j curve is established and the curve is fitted, smooth corrected, and Determine the maximum value of the temperature derivative ma ⁇ ; take 0.
  • 707 X temperature derivative maximum value maW is the temperature change control point, the temperature change Height coordinate system points corresponding to J 3, corresponds to a temperature of - height T - y-variation graph, highly coordinates of the temperature variation control points corresponding to control the temperature of 3 T 3, control the temperature ⁇ where isothermal
  • the area enclosed by the line is the area where the leak is located.
  • the center of the bottom surface of the tank is the position coordinate in the central coordinate system of the bottom surface of the coordinate origin.
  • the center coordinate of the bottom surface is the origin of the bottom surface of the tank, and the next two bulbs of the first and second groups of bulbs are connected to be parallel to the connecting line.
  • the straight line is the X axis
  • the positive direction is the first group of bulbs pointing to the second group
  • the y axis is the line passing the coordinate origin and the positive direction is vertical upward
  • the z axis is the pass.
  • u and V are the abscissa and ordinate of any point A in the rectangular coordinate system of the pixel.
  • the image coordinate system and the pixel rectangular coordinate system are both In the image of the overall outer wall temperature distribution of the LNG storage tank, the position of the rectangular center of the first and second groups of the bulbs is the coordinate origin, and the direction of the horizontal to the right is the positive direction of the X-axis, which is vertically upward. The direction is the y-axis square
  • the coordinates in the pixel Cartesian coordinate system are pixel points, and the coordinates in the image coordinate system are position coordinates in millimeters, which represent the unit pixels in the x, y direction of the infrared camera, respectively.
  • the distance between the two, t is the serial number of the composition image of any A point in the image of the overall outer wall temperature distribution of the LNG storage tank. According to the order from left to right, any point A is on the outer wall of the LNG storage tank.
  • the sequence numbers of the four spliced images in the temperature distribution image are 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, m is the number of pixels included in the horizontal distance after the thermal image taken by a single thermal imaging camera is trimmed to remove the overlapping area. Take N points on the isotherm where the temperature is controlled, and calculate the corresponding points corresponding to the tank leakage on the outer wall of the tank by the above formula, and connect all the tank leakage corresponding points to the area surrounded by the connection. For the actual tank leak area.
  • the method can determine the temperature change control point through the surface temperature change of the liquefied natural gas storage tank, locate the area where the tank leaks, narrow the leakage inspection area, and further determine the faulty part of the storage tank on the basis of which the operation is simple and convenient. On the other hand, it can greatly reduce the workload of tank protection and improve the reliability of LNG tank operation.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

液化天然气储罐泄漏定位方法,包括步骤:(a)在储罐(1)外壁上安装4组灯泡(2)做为参考点;(b)在储罐(1)外安装四台红外热像仪(3);(c)打开八个灯泡(2),开启四台红外热像仪(3)对液化天然气储罐(1)进行红外成像扫査,形成温度分布红外图像,然后将温度分布红外图像传入计算机进行分析处理;(d)截取液化天然气储罐(1)整体外壁温度分布图像中出现局部连续降温变化的降温图像部分,根据降温图像部分做出等温线;(e)在控制温度所在的等温线上任取N点,计算出其对应于储罐(1)外壁上的储罐泄漏对应点,将全部储罐泄漏对应点连接到一起得到的连线所包围的区域为实际的储罐泄漏区域。采用本方法可提高LNG储罐工作可靠性。

Description

液化天然气储罐泄漏区域定位方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种监测定位装置, 尤其涉及 LNG储罐泄漏区域的分析与定位技术。 背景技术
液化天然气(LNG)储罐是液化天然气运输和储存必不可少的储气容器,近年来 LNG 储罐的研制在向大容量方向发展。 LNG储罐是由盛装低温 LNG液体的钢质内罐和提供 正常操作环境与保护功能的混凝土外罐组成的复合设施。 一旦钢质内罐局部出现破裂, 保温层失效、 储罐外壁混凝土破坏,都会引起严重泄漏现象, 使混凝土罐壁内侧急剧降 温产生的拉应力会把罐壁内侧拉裂。随着泄漏的持续,外罐受影响区域的深度和广度将 逐渐向罐壁外侧和沿罐壁高度发展, 危及外罐的安全。
目前国际上对于 LNG储罐泄漏故障诊断的研究并不多,且现有的泄漏定位方法大多 需要耗费大量资金, 安装复杂, 实用性较差。 发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服已有技术的不足,提供一种及时发现泄漏情况的液化天 然气储罐泄漏定位方法。
本发明的目的是由以下技术方案实现的:
本发明的液化天然气储罐泄漏定位方法, 它包括以下步骤:
(a)在液化天然气储罐外壁上安装 4组灯泡做为参考点, 依次为第一、 二、 三、 四 组灯泡,每组灯泡包括沿同一竖直方向分别安装在液化天然气储罐顶和储罐底的上、下 两只灯泡, 四组灯泡中的四个上灯泡位于同一圆周方向上并且间距 45度分布, 四组灯 泡中的四个下灯泡位于同一圆周方向上并且间距 45度分布;
(b)在液化天然气储罐外安装四台红外热像仪, 所述的四台红外热像仪位于同一圆 周方向上并且位于液化天然气储罐 1/2高度处,所述的四台红外热像仪分别位于两组灯 泡之间的中间位置,调整四台红外热像仪距离液化天然气储罐外壁的距离使每一台红外 热像仪可以检测到大于储罐外壁四分之一的区域, 所述的四台红外热像仪安装倾角为 零, 且拍摄所得的热图中心正对四个灯泡投影所组成的平面中心;
(c)打开八个灯泡, 开启四台红外热像仪对液化天然气储罐进行红外成像扫查, 形 成温度分布红外图像,然后将温度分布红外图像传入计算机进行如下分析处理: 以灯泡 所在点为图像的特征点,对特征点附近区域进行匹配计算,依次对四个图像进行左右相 连拼接, 去除相邻图像间的重叠区域作为液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像;
( d) 截取液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中出现局部连续降温变化的降温 图像部分,根据降温图像部分做出等温线,等温线由外部趋近于泄漏中心处的温度依次 降低, 从而确定泄漏所在区域, 确定泄漏所在区域具体步骤为: 以最低温度点处为等温 线坐标原点建立最低温度直角坐标系, 以平行于温度图像底边的水平方向为横坐标方 向, 以竖直向下的高度方向为纵坐标的正方向,在纵坐标的正方向取 3米参考区域对温 度进行分析,确定温度随高度的变化关系,建立温度-高度变化曲线图并进行曲线拟合, 光滑修正; 在此基础上求出温度的导数与高度之间的关系, 建立导数-高度变化曲线图 并进行曲线拟合, 光滑修正, 并确定温度导数最大值; 取 0. 707 X温度导数最大值为温 度变化控制点,该温度变化控制点所对应的高度坐标,对应到温度-高度变化曲线图上, 得到所述的温度变化控制点所对应的高度坐标的控制温度,控制温度所在的等温线所包 围的区域就是泄漏所在区域;
(e)取控制温度所在的等温线上的任意 A点,确定该任意 A点在图像像素坐标系中 的位置,
然后根据公式
Figure imgf000005_0001
将图像中泄漏区域对应到液化天然气储罐外壁表面,式中、Ρ, Θ, Η)为控制温度所在 的等温线上的任意 Α 点在液化天然气储罐外壁上的储罐泄漏对应点在以储罐底面中心 为坐标原点的底面中心坐标系中的位置坐标,底面中心坐标系以储罐底面的圆心为坐标 原点, 连结第一、 二组灯泡的下两只灯泡, 以平行于此连接线的直线为 X轴, 正方向为 由第一组灯泡指向第二组, y轴为通过坐标原点且正方向为竖直向上的直线, z轴为通 过坐标原点且垂直于 xo2_y平面向外的直线, (χ2 , 2, ) 是在储罐底面中心坐标系下, 红外图像中储罐泄漏点对应到储罐外壁上的点坐标; 是液化天然气储罐底面半径; θ 是液化天然气储罐底面中心点与所述的储罐泄漏对应点在液化天然气储罐底面投影的 连线与所述的底面中心坐标系的 轴正方向之间的夹角, Α为所述的储罐泄漏对应点与 液化天然气储罐底面间的竖直距离, H是储罐高度, ^是在图像坐标系下过储罐泄露 点且平行于图像坐标系 y轴的直线上储罐顶距储罐底之间的竖直距离, u、 V分别是任 意 A点在像素直角坐标系中的横坐标和纵坐标,图像坐标系和像素直角坐标系均是以液 化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中第一、二组的四只灯泡为角点的矩形中心所在的 位置为坐标原点, 以水平向右的方向为 X轴正方向, 以竖直向上的方向为 y轴正方向建 立的平面直角坐标系,像素直角坐标系中的坐标为像素点, 图像坐标系中的坐标为以毫 米为单位的位置坐标, , 分别表示红外热像仪 x、 y方向上的单位像素间的距离, t 为任意 A点在组成液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中所处的组成图像的序位号, 按照从左到右的顺序, 任意 A点处在液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中的四幅 拼接组成图像的序位号分别为 1、 2、 3、 4, m是单个红外热像仪所拍摄的温度分布红 外图像经裁剪去掉重叠区域后横向距离所包含的像素个数,在控制温度所在的等温线上 任取 N点,依次通过上述公式计算出其对应于储罐外壁上的储罐泄漏对应点,将全部储 罐泄漏对应点连接到一起得到的连线所包围的区域为实际的储罐泄漏区域。
采用本方法可以通过液化天然气储罐表面温度变化,确定温度变化控制点,定位储 罐泄漏所在区域, 缩小泄漏排查区域, 在此基础上, 进一步确定储罐发生故障的部分, 一方面操作简单方便,另一方面可大大减少了储罐防护工作量,提高 LNG储罐工作可靠 性, 避免危险情况的发生。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的液化天然气储罐泄漏定位方法中采用的设备的整体安装示意图; 图 2是图 1所示的安装结构的俯视图;
图 3为热图像裁剪去除重叠区域的示意图;
图 4是图 3中的四个红外热像仪拍摄的热图像经拼接后的整体储罐外壁温度分布 图;
图 5-1、 5-2、 5-3、 5-4、 5_5、 5_6为泄漏区域等温线示意图;
图 6-1是泄漏区域坐标图, 6-2是温度-高度、 导数-高度图;
图 7是被监测的液化天然气储罐的坐标系示意图;
图 8是被监测的液化天然气储罐的横截面点投影示意图。 具体实施方式
如附图所示的本发明的液化天然气储罐泄漏三维监测与漏点定位方法,它包括以下 步骤: (a) 在液化天然气储罐外壁上安装 4组灯泡 2做为参考点,依次为第一、二、三、 四组灯泡, 每组灯泡包括沿同一竖直方向分别安装在液化天然气储罐顶和储罐底的上、 下两只灯泡, 四组灯泡中的四个上灯泡位于同一圆周方向上并且间距 45度分布, 四组 灯泡中的四个下灯泡位于同一圆周方向上并且间距 45度分布; (b) 在液化天然气储罐 1外安装四台红外热像仪 3, 所述的四台红外热像仪位于同一圆周方向上并且位于液化 天然气储罐 1/2高度处,所述的四台红外热像仪分别位于两组灯泡之间的中间位置,调 整四台红外热像仪距离液化天然气储罐外壁的距离使每一台红外热像仪可以检测到大 于储罐外壁四分之一的区域,所述的四台红外热像仪安装倾角为零,且拍摄所得的热图 中心正对该两组灯泡投影所组成的平面中心; 图 1中 1是液化天然气储罐, 2是灯泡, 3是红外热像仪, 4是热像仪拍摄的储罐外壁最小区域。 (c) 打开八个灯泡, 开启四台 红外热像仪对液化天然气储罐进行红外成像扫查,形成温度分布红外图像,然后将温度 分布红外图像传入计算机进行如下分析处理: 以灯泡所在点为图像的特征点,对特征点 附近区域进行匹配计算,依次对四个图像进行左右相连拼接,去除相邻图像间的重叠区 域(如图 3中 5是图像间的重叠区域)作为液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像, 如 图 4所示; (d)由于泄漏在高度方向上存在温度变化剧烈区和温度变化平缓区, 在最低 温度点处建立直角坐标系如图 6-1所示,截取液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中 出现局部连续降温变化的降温图像部分,根据降温图像部分做出等温线,等温线由外部 趋近于泄漏中心处的温度依次降低, 从而确定泄漏所在区域, 图 5-1、 5-2、 5-3、 5-4、 5-5、 5-6列出了 6种可能出现的泄漏区域等温线示意图。 确定泄漏所在区域具体步骤 为: 以最低温度点处为等温线坐标原点建立最低温度直角坐标系, 以平行于温度图像底 边的水平方向为横坐标方向, 以竖直向下的高度方向为纵坐标的正方向,在纵坐标的正 方向取 3米参考区域对温度进行分析,确定温度 t随高度 _y的变化关系,建立温度 -高度 卜 ^变化曲线图并进行曲线拟合, 光滑修正; 在此基础上求出温度的导数 t'与高度 >之 间的关系, 建立导数 -高度 t'-j变化曲线图并进行曲线拟合, 光滑修正, 并确定温度导 数最大值 ma^ ; 取 0. 707 X温度导数最大值 maW为温度变化控制点, 该温度变化制 点所对应的高度坐标为 j3, 对应到温度 -高度 - >变化曲线图上, 得到所述的温度变化 控制点所对应的高度坐标 j3的控制温度 t3,控制温度^所在的等温线所包围的区域就是 泄漏所在区域。 图 6-2中, ^是温降区的最低温度, ^是高度是 3m处的温度, t3是高 度为 j3时的温度, max^是温度导数的最大值。 (e)取控制温度所在的等温线上的任意 A点,确定该任意 A点在图像像素坐标系中 的位置 (Μ, ν),
Figure imgf000008_0001
将图像中泄漏区域对应到液化天然气储罐外壁表面,式中、Ρ, θ, }ή为控制温度所在 的等温线上的任意 Α 点在液化天然气储罐外壁上的储罐泄漏对应点在以储罐底面中心 为坐标原点的底面中心坐标系中的位置坐标,底面中心坐标系以储罐底面的圆心为坐标 原点, 连结第一、 二组灯泡的下两只灯泡, 以平行于此连接线的直线为 X轴, 正方向为 由第一组灯泡指向第二组, y轴为通过坐标原点且正方向为竖直向上的直线, z轴为通 过坐标原点且垂直于 X02J平面向外的直线, 是在储罐底面中心坐标系下, 红外图像中储罐泄漏点对应到储罐外壁上的点坐标; 是液化天然气储罐底面半径; θ 是液化天然气储罐底面中心点与所述的储罐泄漏对应点在液化天然气储罐底面投影的 连线与所述的底面中心坐标系的 轴正方向之间的夹角, Α为所述的储罐泄漏对应点与 液化天然气储罐底面间的竖直距离, H是储罐高度, ^是在图像坐标系下过储罐泄露 点且平行于图像坐标系 y轴的直线上储罐顶距储罐底之间的竖直距离, u、 V分别是任 意 A点在像素直角坐标系中的横坐标和纵坐标,图像坐标系和像素直角坐标系均是以液 化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中第一、二组的四只灯泡为角点的矩形中心所在的 位置为坐标原点, 以水平向右的方向为 X轴正方向, 以竖直向上的方向为 y轴正方向建 立的平面直角坐标系,像素直角坐标系中的坐标为像素点,而图像坐标系中的坐标为以 毫米为单位的位置坐标, , 分别表示红外热像仪 x、 y方向上的单位像素间的距离,
'为任意 A 点在组成液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中所处的组成图像的序位 号, 按照从左到右的顺序, 任意 A点处在液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中的 四幅拼接组成图像的序位号分别为 1、 2、 3、 4, m是单个红外热像仪所拍摄的温度分 布红外图像经裁剪去掉重叠区域后横向距离所包含的像素个数,在控制温度所在的等温 线上任取 N点,依次通过上述公式计算出其对应于储罐外壁上的储罐泄漏对应点,将全 部储罐泄漏对应点连接到一起得到的连线所包围的区域为实际的储罐泄漏区域。
τπ
Figure imgf000009_0001
求解过程如下:
由于红外热像仪采集的图像以标准电视信号的形式输入计算机,经数模转换器转换 为数字图像,所以每幅数字图像在计算机内以数组形式存储,数组的每一个元素 (像素) 的值就是图像点的亮度 (或称为灰度)。 设每个图像去除重叠区域后均剩余 个像素 点, 则四个图像拼接后包含像素点为 4m X "。 在图像上定义像素直角坐标系 o - m, 以图像中第一、 二组的四只灯泡为角点组成 的矩形区域中心所在的位置为坐标原点 0, 以水平向右的方向为 M轴正方向, 以竖直向 上的方向为 V轴正方向建立的平面像素直角坐标系, 每一像素的坐标 (M, 分别表示该 像素在数组中的列数和行数。 在与 o - m^目同坐标原点处建立物理单位为毫米图像平面 坐标系 0 - x_y, , 分别表示图像平面上单位像素间的距离, 则有:
( 1 )
Figure imgf000009_0002
在储罐纵截面上建立坐标系 i^ - xj^如图 7所示,储罐纵截面坐标系是以包含第一、 二组灯泡的储罐截面为坐标平面,以纵截面中四个灯泡为角点组成的矩形区域中心所在 的位置为坐标原点 0,, 连结第一、 二组灯泡的下两只灯泡, 以平行于此连接线的直线为 x轴, 正方向为由第一组灯泡指向第二组, y轴为通过坐标原点且正方向为竖直向上的 直线, z轴为通过坐标原点且垂直于 平面向外的直线。 设在图像坐标系 o - xj下, 图像中划定区域的某点的坐标为 (x,_y ), 通过此点做平行于图像坐标系 y轴的直线, 在此直线上投影所得的储罐顶距储罐底的距离是/ ¾, 在储罐截面坐标系 0l -xjZ中每组 上下两只灯泡相距 H ,则在外壁上坐标为 (Χ, , , ),其中
Κ _ y _ χ (2)
H yl xl 为方便表示和以后位置确定,在储罐底面中心处建立以储罐底面中心为坐标原点的 底面中心坐标系 o2 - xyz,底面中心坐标系以储罐底面的圆心为坐标原点 02,连结第一、 二组灯泡的下两只, 以平行于此连接线的直线为 X轴, 正方向为由第一组指向第二组, y轴为通过坐标原点且正方向为竖直向上的直线, z轴为通过坐标原点且垂直于 xo2_y平 面向外的直线, 如图 7储罐坐 , 两坐标系之间的坐标变换为:
Figure imgf000010_0002
Figure imgf000010_0001
式中, R表示储罐底面半径。
设点 A是图像中的某点, (M。,V。)是其像素坐标, 由公式 (1 )可知对应的图像坐标 (Χ。Ά), A点对应于储罐截面纵坐标系中的 A1点和储罐底面中心坐标系中的 A2点, 由公式 (2) ( 3 ) 可得 A1点坐标 (χι, "ι,ζι)和 A2点坐标 (图 8是储罐横截面 点投影示意图, 表示 Al、 A2所在的储罐横截面), 以 A2点的柱面坐标系表示其位置, 即 A2点位置为 (Α ^^, 是液化天然气储罐底面半径 R; 是液化天然气储罐底面中 心点与所述的储罐泄漏对应点 A2在液化天然气储罐底面投影的连线与所述的底面中心 坐标系的 轴正方向之间的的夹角, 为所述的储罐泄漏对应点 A2与液化天然气储罐 底面间的竖直距离, 当 - ≤M≤ 时, 由几何关系计算可得 A2位置:
2 2
H , ,„
θ - a - - arccos = - arccos —— u0 - a x I R (4)
R
; H , H
n - y2 -—— v0. a v Η
2 y 2 当 ≤M≤ 时, 为便于计算, 可先将坐标系 01-9^和02-9^绕储罐中心轴线旋转 2 2
90 度角, 使相对坐标分布与图 7 相同, 将 A 点坐标转移到新坐标系中, 则 x2 =—{u-m)-dx, 按照几何关系计算后再将坐标系 -^^和^-^^逆转 90度变 K 换回原位, 最后得 A2位置
θ-α-- arccos
Figure imgf000011_0001
7 H , H
n-y, -— · „ +— 同理可得, ≤Μ≤ ^时, Α2点位置 (A )为:
2 2
2m)-d R + π
Figure imgf000011_0002
<Μ< 时, Α2点位置 (A )为:
2 2
θ - a - arccos - 3m) · dxl R +— π
Figure imgf000011_0003
综上所述,设 为任意 Α点在组成液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中所处的 组成图像的序位号, 按照从左到右的顺序, 任意 A点处在液化天然气储罐整体外壁温 度分布图像中的四幅拼接组成图像的序位号分别为 1、 2、 3、 4, m是单个红外热像仪 所拍摄的热图像经裁剪去掉重叠区域后横向距离所包含的像素个数, 是液化天然气储 罐底面半径 R; 是液化天然气储罐底面中心点与所述的储罐泄漏对应点 A2在液化天 然气储罐底面投影的连线与所述的底面中心坐标系的 轴正方向之间的的夹角, 为所 述的储罐泄漏对应点 A2与液化天然气储罐底面间的竖直距离, 则 可统一表示 为:
θ = α = arccos dx l R + ■π
Figure imgf000012_0001
H , H
h y2 — v - dv +—
K y 2
实施例 1
(a) 在液化天然气储罐外壁上安装 4组灯泡做为参考点, 依次为第一、 二、三、 四 组灯泡,每组灯泡包括沿同一竖直方向分别安装在液化天然气储罐顶和储罐底的上、下 两只灯泡, 四组灯泡中的四个上灯泡位于同一圆周方向上并且间距 45度分布, 四组灯 泡中的四个下灯泡位于同一圆周方向上并且间距 45度分布; (b) 在液化天然气储罐外 安装四台红外热像仪,所述的四台红外热像仪位于同一圆周方向上并且位于液化天然气 储罐 1/2高度处,所述的四台红外热像仪分别位于两组灯泡之间的中间位置,调整四台 红外热像仪距离液化天然气储罐外壁的距离使每一台红外热像仪可以检测到大于储罐 外壁四分之一的区域,所述的四台红外热像仪安装倾角为零,且拍摄所得的热图中心正 对该两组灯泡投影所组成的平面中心。 (c) 打开八个灯泡, 开启四台红外热像仪对液化 天然气储罐进行红外成像扫查,形成温度分布红外图像,然后将温度分布红外图像传入 计算机进行如下分析处理: 以灯泡所在点为图像的特征点,对特征点附近区域进行匹配 计算,依次对四个图像进行左右相连拼接,去除相邻图像间的重叠区域作为液化天然气 储罐整体外壁温度分布图像; (d)截取液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中出现局 部连续降温变化的降温图像部分,根据降温图像部分做出等温线,等温线由外部趋近于 泄漏中心处的温度依次降低, 从而确定泄漏所在区域, 确定泄漏所在区域具体步骤为: 以最低温度点处为等温线坐标原点建立最低温度直角坐标系,以平行于温度图像底边的 水平方向为横坐标方向, 以竖直向下的高度方向为纵坐标的正方向,在纵坐标的正方向 取 3米参考区域对温度进行分析,确定温度 t随高度 的变化关系,建立温度 -高度 - _y 变化曲线图并进行曲线拟合, 光滑修正; 在此基础上求出温度的导数 t'与高度 j之间的 关系, 建立导数 -高度 t'-j变化曲线图并进行曲线拟合, 光滑修正, 并确定温度导数最 大值 ma^ ; 取 0. 707 X温度导数最大值 maW为温度变化控制点, 该温度变化控制点 所对应的高度坐标为 j3, 对应到温度 -高度 t - y变化曲线图上, 得到所述的温度变化控 制点所对应的高度坐标 3的控制温度 t3,控制温度^所在的等温线所包围的区域就是泄 漏所在区域。
(e)取控制温度所在的等温线上的任意 A点,确定该任意 A点在图像像素坐标系中 的位置 (", ,
Figure imgf000013_0001
将图像中泄漏区域对应到液化天然气储罐外壁表面,式中、Ρ, θ, }ή为控制温度所在 的等温线上的任意 Α 点在液化天然气储罐外壁上的储罐泄漏对应点在以储罐底面中心 为坐标原点的底面中心坐标系中的位置坐标,底面中心坐标系以储罐底面的圆心为坐标 原点, 连结第一、 二组灯泡的下两只灯泡, 以平行于此连接线的直线为 X轴, 正方向为 由第一组灯泡指向第二组, y轴为通过坐标原点且正方向为竖直向上的直线, z轴为通
11 过坐标原点且垂直于 xo2j平面向外的直线, (X2 , J2 , ) 是在储罐底面中心坐标系下, 红外图像中储罐泄漏点对应到储罐外壁上的点坐标; 是液化天然气储罐底面半径; θ 是液化天然气储罐底面中心点与所述的储罐泄漏对应点在液化天然气储罐底面投影的 连线与所述的底面中心坐标系的 轴正方向之间的夹角, Α为所述的储罐泄漏对应点与 液化天然气储罐底面间的竖直距离, H是储罐高度, ^是在图像坐标系下过储罐泄露 点且平行于图像坐标系 y轴的直线上储罐顶距储罐底之间的竖直距离, u、 V分别是任 意 A点在像素直角坐标系中的横坐标和纵坐标,图像坐标系和像素直角坐标系均是以液 化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中第一、二组的四只灯泡为角点的矩形中心所在的 位置为坐标原点, 以水平向右的方向为 X轴正方向, 以竖直向上的方向为 y轴正方向建 立的平面直角坐标系,像素直角坐标系中的坐标为像素点,而图像坐标系中的坐标为以 毫米为单位的位置坐标, , 分别表示红外热像仪 x、 y方向上的单位像素间的距离, t为任意 A 点在组成液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中所处的组成图像的序位 号, 按照从左到右的顺序, 任意 A点处在液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中的 四幅拼接组成图像的序位号分别为 1、 2、 3、 4, m是单个红外热像仪所拍摄的热图像 经裁剪去掉重叠区域后横向距离所包含的像素个数,在控制温度所在的等温线上任取 N 点,依次通过上述公式计算出其对应于储罐外壁上的储罐泄漏对应点,将全部储罐泄漏 对应点连接到一起得到的连线所包围的区域为实际的储罐泄漏区域。
采用本方法可以通过液化天然气储罐表面温度变化,确定温度变化控制点,定位储 罐泄漏所在区域, 缩小泄漏排查区域, 在此基础上, 进一步确定储罐发生故障的部分, 一方面操作简单方便,另一方面可大大减少了储罐防护工作量,提高 LNG储罐工作可靠 性。
12

Claims

权利要求
1. 液化天然气储罐泄漏定位方法, 其特征在于它包括以下步骤:
(a)在液化天然气储罐外壁上安装 4 组灯泡做为参考点, 依次为第一、 二、 三、 四组 灯泡, 每组灯泡包括沿同一竖直方向分别安装在液化天然气储罐顶和储罐底的上、 下两只 灯泡, 四组灯泡中的四个上灯泡位于同一圆周方向上并且间距 45度分布,四组灯泡中的四 个下灯泡位于同一圆周方向上并且间距 45度分布;
(b)在液化天然气储罐外安装四台红外热像仪, 所述的四台红外热像仪位于同一圆周 方向上并且位于液化天然气储罐 1/2高度处, 所述的四台红外热像仪分别位于两组灯泡之 间的中间位置, 调整四台红外热像仪距离液化天然气储罐外壁的距离使每一台红外热像仪 可以检测到大于储罐外壁四分之一的区域, 所述的四台红外热像仪安装倾角为零, 且拍摄 所得的热图中心正对四个灯泡投影所组成的平面中心;
(c)打开八个灯泡, 开启四台红外热像仪对液化天然气储罐进行红外成像扫查, 形成 温度分布红外图像, 然后将温度分布红外图像传入计算机进行如下分析处理: 以灯泡所在 点为图像的特征点,对特征点附近区域进行匹配计算,依次对四个图像进行左右相连拼接, 去除相邻图像间的重叠区域作为液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像;
( d ) 截取液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中出现局部连续降温变化的降温图 像部分,根据降温图像部分做出等温线,等温线由外部趋近于泄漏中心处的温度依次降低, 从而确定泄漏所在区域, 确定泄漏所在区域具体步骤为: 以最低温度点处为等温线坐标原 点建立最低温度直角坐标系, 以平行于温度图像底边的水平方向为横坐标方向, 以竖直向 下的高度方向为纵坐标的正方向, 在纵坐标的正方向取 3米参考区域对温度进行分析, 确 定温度随高度的变化关系, 建立温度-高度变化曲线图并进行曲线拟合, 光滑修正; 在此 基础上求出温度的导数与高度之间的关系, 建立导数-高度变化曲线图并进行曲线拟合, 光滑修正, 并确定温度导数最大值; 取 0. 707 X温度导数最大值为温度变化控制点, 该温 度变化控制点所对应的高度坐标, 对应到温度-高度变化曲线图上, 得到所述的温度变化 控制点所对应的高度坐标的控制温度, 控制温度所在的等温线所包围的区域就是泄漏所在 (e)取控制温度所在的等温线上的任意 A点, 确定该任意 A点在图像像素坐标系中的 位置,
然后根据公式
θ = a = - arccos π
Figure imgf000016_0001
将图像中泄漏区域对应到液化天然气储罐外壁表面, 式中 (β, θ,Η)为控制温度所在的 等温线上的任意 Α点在液化天然气储罐外壁上的储罐泄漏对应点在以储罐底面中心为坐标 原点的底面中心坐标系中的位置坐标, 底面中心坐标系以储罐底面的圆心为坐标原点, 连 结第一、 二组灯泡的下两只灯泡, 以平行于此连接线的直线为 X轴, 正方向为由第一组灯 泡指向第二组, y轴为通过坐标原点且正方向为竖直向上的直线, z 轴为通过坐标原点且 垂直于 xo2_y平面向外的直线, (x2 , _y2 , z2 ) 是在储罐底面中心坐标系下, 红外图像中储罐 泄漏点对应到储罐外壁上的点坐标; ^是液化天然气储罐底面半径; 是液化天然气储罐 底面中心点与所述的储罐泄漏对应点在液化天然气储罐底面投影的连线与所述的底面中 心坐标系的 x轴正方向之间的夹角, A为所述的储罐泄漏对应点与液化天然气储罐底面间 的竖直距离, H是储罐高度, /?。是在图像坐标系下过储罐泄露点且平行于图像坐标系 y 轴的直线上储罐顶距储罐底之间的竖直距离, M、 V分别是任意 A点在像素直角坐标系中的 横坐标和纵坐标, 图像坐标系和像素直角坐标系均是以液化天然气储罐整体外壁温度分布 图像中第一、 二组的四只灯泡为角点的矩形中心所在的位置为坐标原点, 以水平向右的方 向为 X轴正方向, 以竖直向上的方向为 y轴正方向建立的平面直角坐标系, 像素直角坐标 系中的坐标为像素点, 图像坐标系中的坐标为以毫米为单位的位置坐标, ,^分别表示 红外热像仪 x、 y方向上的单位像素间的距离, t为任意 A点在组成液化天然气储罐整体外 壁温度分布图像中所处的组成图像的序位号, 按照从左到右的顺序, 任意 A点处在液化天 然气储罐整体外壁温度分布图像中的四幅拼接组成图像的序位号分别为 1、
2、
3、 4, m是 单个红外热像仪所拍摄的温度分布红外图像经裁剪去掉重叠区域后横向距离所包含的像 素个数, 在控制温度所在的等温线上任取 , 依次通过上述公式计算出其对应于储罐外 壁上的储罐泄漏对应点, 将全部储罐泄漏对应点连接到一起得到的连线所包围的区域为实 际的储罐泄漏区域。
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