WO2015070514A1 - 隔离式交直流转换装置及其转换方法 - Google Patents

隔离式交直流转换装置及其转换方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015070514A1
WO2015070514A1 PCT/CN2014/000905 CN2014000905W WO2015070514A1 WO 2015070514 A1 WO2015070514 A1 WO 2015070514A1 CN 2014000905 W CN2014000905 W CN 2014000905W WO 2015070514 A1 WO2015070514 A1 WO 2015070514A1
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
diode
inductor
isolated
power
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PCT/CN2014/000905
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘晴财
陈伯彦
洪大胜
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东林科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 东林科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 东林科技股份有限公司
Priority to US15/036,574 priority Critical patent/US20160301299A1/en
Priority to JP2016530215A priority patent/JP2016537947A/ja
Priority to EP14862361.4A priority patent/EP3070829A4/en
Publication of WO2015070514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015070514A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4258—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/346—Passive non-dissipative snubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/10—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
    • H02M7/103—Containing passive elements (capacitively coupled) which are ordered in cascade on one source
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the invention relates to power conversion; in particular to an isolated AC/DC converter and a conversion method thereof.
  • the isolated power transmission system does not need to directly transmit energy through the power line, but uses the electromagnetic coupling of the isolated transformer to transfer energy from the primary side to the secondary. Side circuit, however, the isolated transformer has low power conversion efficiency due to its innate coupling. Therefore, the traditional isolated power transmission system often uses the resonant impedance matching method to improve the power conversion efficiency, but the circuit realized by the impedance matching circuit is easily affected by the coupling coefficient of the isolated transformer, and the expected effect is not achieved. This causes the power conversion efficiency to be low.
  • the input voltage of the AC power source and the input current are often in different phases, resulting in a low power factor and a serious total harmonic distortion of the current.
  • the capacitance of the output terminal is charged, thereby causing the charging time of the capacitor to be shortened, resulting in a peak of the conduction current.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an isolated AC/DC converter that can simultaneously take into account the effects of fast response and low chopping output voltage, in addition to the advantages of high power factor.
  • the isolated AC/DC converter provided by the present invention is used for converting the power of the AC power source to the load, and includes a rectifier circuit, an active power factor correction circuit, an isolated transformer, and automatic charge pumping ( Auto charge pump) circuit.
  • the input side of the rectifier circuit is connected to the AC power source for receiving the power of the AC power source, and then converted into DC power and outputted from the output side thereof.
  • the output side has a positive terminal and a negative terminal.
  • the active power factor correction circuit is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit for receiving the power outputted by the rectifier circuit and outputting the power factor, and includes a first diode, the negative pole of which is connected to the positive terminal; a first capacitor having one end connected to the anode of the first diode; an electronic switch having one end connected to the other end of the first capacitor, and the other end of the electronic switch being connected to the negative terminal; the first inductor, one end thereof Connected to a cathode of the first diode and a junction of the positive terminal, and the first inductor is further One end is connected to the connection of the first capacitor and the electronic switch; and the second diode has a positive pole connected to the connection of the electronic switch and the negative terminal.
  • the isolated transformer has a primary side and a secondary side, and the primary side and the secondary measurement respectively have a first end and a second end; the first end of the primary side is connected to the first diode and the first The junction of the capacitor is connected to the cathode of the second diode.
  • the one side of the automatic charge pumping circuit is electrically connected to the isolated transformer, and the other side is electrically connected to the load;
  • the automatic charge pumping circuit includes a third diode whose anode is connected to the secondary side of the isolated transformer a second end, wherein the negative electrode is electrically connected to the first end of the secondary side of the isolated transformer;
  • the second capacitor has one end connected to the negative pole of the third diode; and the second inductor is connected to the first end of the second inductor
  • the other end of the capacitor is electrically connected to the junction of the cathode of the third diode and the second capacitor;
  • the third capacitor is connected in parallel with the load, and one end thereof and the second capacitor are opposite to the second capacitor
  • the junction of the two inductors is connected, and the other end is connected to the junction of the anode of the third diode and the second end of the secondary side of the isolated transformer.
  • the automatic charge-discharging circuit further comprises a fourth diode, one end of which is connected to the connection of the negative pole of the third diode and the second capacitor, and the other end is connected to
  • the third inductor is electrically connected to the third diode through the fourth diode to the junction of the cathode of the third diode and the second capacitor.
  • the anode of the fourth diode is connected to the junction of the cathode of the third diode and the second capacitor, and the cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the third inductor.
  • the automatic charge-discharging circuit further comprises a fifth diode, one end of which is connected to the first end of the secondary side of the isolated transformer, and the other end is connected to the third a junction of a cathode of the diode and the second capacitor, wherein the cathode of the third diode and the second capacitor pass through the fifth diode and the first end of the isolation transformer connection.
  • the power conversion method of the isolated AC/DC converter includes the following steps:
  • step C there is further included a step of repeatedly performing steps A to C.
  • the first inductor stops releasing energy, and the first diode is turned off.
  • the isolated transformer is a resonant circuit formed by the second capacitor and the second inductor, and conducts energy storage thereof to the third capacitor.
  • step B after the resonant circuit formed by the second capacitor and the second inductor, when the voltage across the second inductor is greater than the voltage across the third capacitor, the third diode The tube is turned on and proceeds to step C.
  • the isolated AC/DC converter device and the conversion method thereof have at least the following advantages: through the above design, the power factor can be improved during power conversion, and the advantages of fast response and low chopping output voltage are simultaneously considered.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an isolated AC/DC converter of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Rectifier circuit 12 Positive terminal
  • an isolated AC/DC converter of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is configured to convert the power of the AC power source 100 to the load 200, and includes a rectifier circuit 10 and an active power factor correction circuit 20, The isolated transformer 30 and an automatic charge pump circuit 40. among them:
  • the rectifier circuit 10 is a bridge rectifier in this embodiment, and the input side is connected to the AC power source 100 for receiving the power of the AC power source 100, converting it into DC power and outputting it from the output side.
  • the output side distinguishes between the positive terminal 12 and the negative terminal 14 depending on the polarity of the power supply.
  • the active power factor correction circuit 20 is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit 10 for receiving the power output by the rectifier circuit 10 and outputting the power factor, and includes two diodes (the first diode D1 and the first Two diodes D2), one capacitor (first capacitor C1), one inductor (first inductor L1), and one electronic switch SW.
  • the connection relationship of the components is as follows:
  • the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive terminal 12.
  • One end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1.
  • One end of the electronic switch SW is connected to the other end of the first capacitor C1, and the other end is connected to the negative end 14 .
  • One end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and the junction of the positive terminal 12, and the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the junction of the first capacitor C1 and the electronic switch SW. .
  • the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the junction of the electronic switch SW and the negative terminal 14.
  • the isolated transformer 30 has a primary side 31 and a secondary side 32.
  • the primary side 31 and the secondary side 32 have first ends 311, 321 and second ends 312, 322, respectively.
  • the first end 311 is connected to the junction of the first diode D1 and the first capacitor C1, and the second end 312 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2.
  • the automatic charge pumping circuit 40 is connected to the secondary side 32 of the isolated transformer and includes three diodes (a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, and a fifth diode D5) and two capacitors ( The second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3) and one inductor (the second inductor L2).
  • the connection relationship of the components is as follows:
  • the anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the first end 321 .
  • the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the second terminal 322, and the anode is connected to the cathode of the fifth diode D2 to be electrically connected to the first terminal 321 through the fifth diode D5.
  • One end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the junction of the negative electrode of the third diode D3 and the negative electrode of the fifth diode D5.
  • the anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the junction of the cathode of the third diode D3, the cathode of the fifth diode D5, and the second capacitor C2.
  • One end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the other end of the first capacitor C1, and the other end is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode D4, and the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the third diode.
  • the third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the load 200, and one end is connected to the junction of the second capacitor C2 and the second inductor L2, and the other end is opposite to the anode of the third diode D3 and the second end 322. Connected at the connection.
  • the capacitors C1 to C2, the inductors L1 to I2, the input voltage, the output voltage, the switching frequency of the electronic switch SW, and the specifications of the load 200 are as follows:
  • the power conversion efficiency can be improved by using the power conversion method described below, and the method includes the following steps:
  • the electronic switch SW is turned on, and the DC power outputted by the rectifier circuit 10 charges the first inductor L1, and the energy storage of the first capacitor C1 is on the primary side 31 of the isolation transformer 30.
  • the third capacitor C2 is charged by the storage of the second capacitor C2 and the second inductor L2, so that the third capacitor C3 discharges the load 200.
  • the electronic switch SW is disconnected to block the direct current outputted by the rectifier circuit 10, so that the energy storage of the first inductor L1 charges the first capacitor C1, and the isolation transformer 30 is The second energy source L2 and the second capacitor C2 are charged by the secondary side 32, and the energy storage is conducted to the third capacitor through the resonant circuit formed by the second capacitor C2 and the second inductor L2. C3, causing the third capacitor C3 to continue to discharge energy through the load.
  • the first inductor L1 stops releasing energy, and the first diode D1 is turned off, and when the voltage across the second inductor L2 is greater than the voltage across the third capacitor C3, the third The diode D3 is turned on, so that the second capacitor C2 and the second inductor L2 charge the third capacitor C3, so that the third capacitor C3 continues to discharge the load 200.
  • step A after performing step A to step C once, it means that the operation of one cycle is completed. Therefore, in the case where the isolated AC/DC converter continues to operate, after step C, the steps A to C are continuously repeated until the isolated AC/DC converter stops.
  • the design of the fourth diode D4 and the fifth diode D5 can effectively prevent the circuit from generating reflow to affect the operation of the isolated transformer 30 and the automatic charge extraction circuit 40, thereby making the overall circuit more The ground is stable, thereby improving the energy conversion and suppressing the chopping effect of the isolated AC/DC converter.
  • the purpose of improving power conversion efficiency and suppressing chopping can be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

一种隔离式交直流转换装置及其转换方法，该装置用于将交流电源（100）的电能转换后供给负载（200），且包含整流电路（10）、主动式功因校正电路（20）、隔离式变压器（30）以及自动电荷抽放电路（40）。该整流电路与该交流电源连接，用于接收该交流电源的电能后，转换成直流的电能输出。该主动式功因校正电路与该整流电路的输出端连接，用以接收该整流电路输出的电能并提升功率因子后输出。该隔离式变压器一次侧与主动式功因校正电路连接。该自动电荷抽放电路一侧电性连接该隔离式变压器二次侧，另一侧连接该负载。该装置及其转换方法在电源转换时提高功率因子，同时具有快速响应与低纹波输出电压。

Description

隔离式交直流转换装置及其转换方法 技术领域
本发明是与电源转换有关；特别是指一种隔离式交直流转换装置及其转换方法。
背景技术
按，隔离式电能传输系统与一般接触型电能传输系统最大的不同，在于隔离式电能传输系统不须经由电力线直接传输能量，而是利用隔离式变压器电磁耦合而将能量由一次侧传递至二次侧电路，然而隔离式变压器因其先天耦合不良因素，使得电力转换效率较低。因此，传统隔离式电能传输系统常利用共振式阻抗匹配方式，来提升电源转换效率，但是利用阻抗匹配电路方式实现的电路，甚易受隔离式变压器耦合系数参数影响，而达不到预期效果，造成电源转换效率低落。
此外，使用隔离式电能传输系统的习用交直流转换装置在动作时，交流电源的输入电压与输入电流常会处于相位不同的情况，导致功率因子低且电流总谐波失真严重。此外，只有在内部整流电路输出的直流电源的电压高于该输出电容的电压时，才会对输出端的电容进行充能，因此造成该电容充能时间短缩，导致导通电流的峰值随之增大，除造成输入电流波形失真及功率因子降低外，更会使得最后输出予负载的直流电能严重失真。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种隔离式交直流转换装置，除了具有高功率因子的优点外，可以同时兼顾快速响应与低涟波输出电压的功效。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。缘以达成上述目的，本发明所提供隔离式交直流转换装置用以将交流电源的电能转换后供予负载，且包含整流电路、主动式功因校正电路、隔离式变压器以及自动电荷抽放(auto charge pump)电路。其中，该整流电路输入侧与该交流电源连接，用以接收该交流电源的电能后，转换成直流的电能并自其输出侧输出；另外，该输出侧具有正电端以及负电端。该主动式功因校正电路与该整流电路的输出端连接，用以接收该整流电路输出的电能并提升功率因子后输出，且包含有第一二极管，其负极与该正电端连接；第一电容，其一端与该第一二极管的正极连接；电子开关，其一端与该第一电容另一端连接，而该电子开关另一端则与该负电端连接；第一电感，其一端与该第一二极管的负极以及该正电端的连接处连接，而该第一电感另 一端与该第一电容以及该电子开关的连接处连接；第二二极管，其正极与该电子开关以及该负电端的连接处连接。该隔离式变压器具有一次侧以及二次侧，且该一次侧以及该二次测分别具有第一端以及第二端；该一次侧的第一端连接至该第一二极管与该第一电容的连接处，而该一次侧的第二端连接至该第二二极管的负极。该自动电荷抽放电路一侧电性连接该隔离式变压器，另一侧电性连接该负载；该自动电荷抽放电路包含有第三二极管，其正极连接至该隔离式变压器二次侧的第二端，而负极则与该隔离式变压器二次侧的第一端电性连接；第二电容，其一端连接该第三二极管的负极；第二电感，其一端连接该第一电容的另一端，而另外一端则电性连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处；第三电容，与该负载并联，且其一端与该第二电容与该第二电感的连接处连接，而另一端则与该第三二极管的正极及该隔离式变压器二次侧的第二端的连接处连接。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。
前述的隔离式交直流转换装置，其中该自动电荷抽放电路更包含有第四二极管，其一端连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处，另一端连接至该第三电感，而使该第三电感通过该第四二极管电性连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处。
前述的隔离式交直流转换装置，其中该第四二极管的正极连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处，而其负极则连接至该第三电感。
前述的隔离式交直流转换装置，其中该自动电荷抽放电路更包含有第五二极管，其一端连接至该隔离式变压器二次侧的第一端，而另一端则连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处，而使该第三二极管的负极以及该第二电容通过该第五二极管与该隔离式变压器二次侧的第一端电性连接。
前述的隔离式交直流转换装置，其中该第五二极管的正极连接至该隔离式变压器二次侧的第一端，而负极则连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还采用以下技术方案来实现。依据上述构思，该隔离式交直流转换装置的电源转换方法，包含有下列步骤：
A.导通该电子开关，使该整流电路输出的直流电对该第一电感器充能，且该第一电容的储能对该隔离变压器的一次侧充能，而该第二电容与该第二电感的储能对该第三电容充能，使该第三电容对该负载释能；
B.断开该电子开关以阻断该整流电路输出的直流电，使该第一电感的储能对该第一电容充能，并使该隔离式变压器的储能由二次侧对该第二电感、该第二电容与该第三电容充能，使该第三电容持续通过该负载释能；
C.导通该第三二极管，使该第二电容与该第二电感对该第三电容充能，使该第三电容持续该负载释能。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。
前述的电源转换方法，其中在步骤C后，更包含有一个步骤，是重复执行步骤A至步骤C。
前述的电源转换方法，其中在步骤B之后，该第一电感停止释能，使该第一二极管截止。
前述的电源转换方法，其中在步骤B中，该隔离式变压器是通过该第二电容与该第二电感形成的共振电路，将其储能传导至该第三电容。
前述的电源转换方法，其中在步骤B中，该第二电容与该第二电感形成的共振电路后，当该第二电感的跨压大于该第三电容的跨压时，该第三二极管导通，而进入步骤C。
借此，本发明隔离式交直流转换装置及其转换方法至少具有下列优点：通过上述设计，便可以在电源转换时提高功率因子，更同时兼顾有快速响应与低涟波输出电压外的优点。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图，详细说明如下。
附图的简要说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例的隔离式交直流转换装置的电路图。
图2至图4为图1在各步骤的等效电路图。
【主要元件符号说明】
10：整流电路      12：正电端
14：负电端        20：主动式功因校正电路
30：隔离式变压器  31：一次侧
311：第一端       312：第二端
32：二次侧        321：第一端
322：第二端       40：自动电荷抽放电路
100：交流电源     200：负载
SW：电子开关      C1～C3：电容
L1～L2：电感      D1～D5：二极管
实现发明的最佳方式
为能更清楚地说明本发明，兹举较佳实施例并配合图示详细说明如后。
请参图1所示，本发明一个较佳实施例的隔离式交直流转换装置用以将交流电源100的电能转换后供予负载200，且包含整流电路10、主动式功因校正电路20、隔离式变压器30以及自动电荷抽放(auto charge pump)电路40。其中：
该整流电路10在本实施例中为桥式整流器，且输入侧与该交流电源100连接，用以接收该交流电源100的电能后，转换成直流的电能并自其输出侧输出。另外，该输出侧依据供电的极性而区分有正电端12以及负电端14。
该主动式功因校正电路20与该整流电路10的输出端连接，用以接收该整流电路10输出的电能并提升功率因子后输出，且包含有二个二极管(第一二极管D1以及第二二极管D2)、一个电容(第一电容C1)、一个电感(第一电感L1)以及一个电子开关SW。所述组件的连接关系如下所述：
第一二极管D1的负极与该正电端12连接。
该第一电容C1一端与该第一二极管D1的正极连接。
该电子开关SW一端与该第一电容C1另一端连接，而另一端则与该负电端14连接。
该第一电感L1一端与该第一二极管D1的负极以及该正电端12的连接处连接，而该第一电感L1另一端与该第一电容C1以及该电子开关SW的连接处连接。
该第二二极管D2正极与该电子开关SW以及该负电端14的连接处连接。
该隔离式变压器30具有一次侧31以及二次侧32。该一次侧31与二次侧32分别具有第一端311、321以及第二端312、322。该第一端311连接至该第一二极管D1与该第一电容C1的连接处，而该第二端312则连接至该第二二极管D2的负极。
该自动电荷抽放电路40与隔离式变压器的二次侧32连接，且包含有三个二极管(第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4以及第五二极管D5)、二个电容(第二电容C2以及第三电容C3)以及一个电感(第二电感L2)。所述组件的连接关系如下所述：
该第五二极管D5的正极连接至该第一端321。
该第三二极管D3的正极连接至该第二端322，而负极则与该第五二极管D2的负极连接以通过该第五二极管D5与该第一端321电性连接。
该第二电容C2一端则与该第三二极管D3的负极及该第五二极管D5的负极的连接处连接。
该第四二极管D4的正极与该第三二极管D3的负极、该第五二极管D5的负极及该第二电容C2的连接处连接。
该第二电感L2一端连接该第一电容C1的另一端，另外一端则与该第四二极管D4的负极连接，而通过该第四二极管D4电性连接至该第三二极 管D3的负极、该第五二极管D5的负极及该第二电容C2的连接处。
该第三电容C3与该负载200并联，且一端与该第二电容C2与该第二电感L2的连接处连接，而另一端与该第三二极管D3的正极以及该第二端322的连接处连接。
在本实施例中，所述电容C1～C2、所述电感L1～I2、输入电压、输出电压、该电子开关SW的切换频率、以及该负载200的规格如下表所示：
第一电感L1 100μH
第二电感L2 80μH
第一电容C1 100μF
第二电容C2 22nF
第三电容C3 1μF
输入电压Vin 110V
输出电压Vout 24V
切换频率 100KHz
负载电阻 5Ω
借此，通过上述结构设计与规格，在利用下述的电源转换方法，便可达到增进电源转换效率的目的，而该方法包含有下列步骤：
A.请参阅图2，导通该电子开关SW，使该整流电路10输出的直流电对该第一电感器L1充能，且该第一电容C1的储能对该隔离变压器30的一次侧31充能，而该第二电容C2与该第二电感L2的储能对该第三电容C2充能，使该第三电容C3对该负载200释能。
B.请参阅图3，断开该电子开关SW以阻断该整流电路10输出的直流电，使该第一电感L1的储能对该第一电容C1充能，并使该隔离式变压器30的储能由二次侧32对该第二电感L2、该第二电容C2充能，并通过该第二电容C2与该第二电感L2形成的共振电路，将其储能传导至该第三电容C3，使该第三电容C3持续通过该负载释能。
C.请参阅图4，该第一电感L1停止释能，使该第一二极管D1截止，且当该第二电感L2的跨压大于该第三电容C3的跨压时，该第三二极管D3导通，使该第二电容C2与该第二电感L2对该第三电容C3充能，使该第三电容C3持续该负载200释能。
另外，每执行一次步骤A至步骤C后，则表示完成一次周期的动作。是以，在该隔离式交直流转换装置持续动作的情况下，在步骤C后，便继续重复执行步骤A至步骤C，直至该隔离式交直流转换装置停止动作。
借此，通过上述的该自动电荷抽放电路40的设计，在每次动作周期中， 使该第三二极管D3导通前后的整体电路结构改变，而可达到快速响应与低涟波输出电压的目的，同时可通过该电子开关SW的切换达到提升功率因子的目的。
另外，该第四二极管D4以及该第五二极管D5的设计更可有效地分别防止电路产生回流影响该隔离式变压器30以及该自动电荷抽放电路40的动作，进而使得整体电路更加地稳定，借以提升该隔离式交直流转换装置能源转换与抑制涟波的效果。当然，在实际实施上，即使不使用该第四二极管D4以及该第五二极管D5仍可达到增进电源转换效率以及抑制涟波的目的。
再者，以上所述仅为本发明较佳可行实施例而已，且在电气特性以及电路动作原理相同的情况下，前述各电路组件的设置位置以及数量、以及举凡应用本发明说明书及专利要求保护范围所为的等效电路变化，理应包含在本发明的专利范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种隔离式交直流转换装置，其特征在于用以将交流电源的电能转换后供予负载，且包括：
    整流电路，其输入侧与该交流电源连接，用以接收该交流电源的电能后，转换成直流的电能并自其输出侧输出；另外，该输出侧具有正电端以及负电端；
    主动式功因校正电路，与该整流电路的输出端连接，用以接收该整流电路输出的电能并提升功率因子后输出，且包含有：
    第一二极管，其负极与该正电端连接；
    第一电容，其一端与该第一二极管的正极连接；
    电子开关，其一端与该第一电容另一端连接，而该电子开关另一端则与该负电端连接；
    第一电感，其一端与该第一二极管的负极以及该正电端的连接处连接，而该第一电感另一端与该第一电容以及该电子开关的连接处连接；
    第二二极管，其正极与该电子开关以及该负电端的连接处连接；
    隔离式变压器，具有一次侧以及二次侧，且该一次侧以及该二次测分别具有第一端以及第二端；该一次侧的第一端连接至该第一二极管与该第一电容的连接处，而该一次侧的第二端连接至该第二二极管的负极；
    自动电荷抽放电路，其一侧电性连接该隔离式变压器，另一侧电性连接该负载；该自动电荷抽放电路包含有：
    第三二极管，其正极连接至该隔离式变压器二次侧的第二端，而负极则与该隔离式变压器二次侧的第一端电性连接；
    第二电容，其一端连接该第三二极管的负极；
    第二电感，其一端连接该第一电容的另一端，而另外一端则电性连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处；
    第三电容，与该负载并联，且其一端与该第二电容与该第二电感的连接处连接，而另一端则与该第三二极管的正极及该隔离式变压器二次侧的第二端的连接处连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的隔离式交直流转换装置，其特征在于：其中该自动电荷抽放电路更包含有第四二极管，其一端连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处，另一端连接至该第三电感，而使该第三电感通过该第四二极管电性连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的隔离式交直流转换装置，其特征在于：其中该第四二极管的正极连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处， 而其负极则连接至该第三电感。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的隔离式交直流转换装置，其特征在于：其中该自动电荷抽放电路更包含有第五二极管，其一端连接至该隔离式变压器二次侧的第一端，而另一端则连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处，而使该第三二极管的负极以及该第二电容通过该第五二极管与该隔离式变压器二次侧的第一端电性连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的隔离式交直流转换装置，其特征在于：其中该第五二极管的正极连接至该隔离式变压器二次侧的第一端，而负极则连接至该第三二极管的负极与该第二电容的连接处。
  6. 一种如权利要求1所述的隔离式交直流转换装置的电源转换方法，其特征在于包含有下列步骤：
    A.导通该电子开关，使该整流电路输出的直流电对该第一电感器充能，且该第一电容的储能对该隔离变压器的一次侧充能，而该第二电容与该第二电感的储能对该第三电容充能，使该第三电容对该负载释能；
    B.断开该电子开关以阻断该整流电路输出的直流电，使该第一电感的储能对该第一电容充能，并使该隔离式变压器的储能由二次侧对该第二电感、该第二电容与该第三电容充能，使该第三电容持续通过该负载释能；
    C.导通该第三二极管，使该第二电容与该第二电感对该第三电容充能，使该第三电容持续该负载释能。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电源转换方法，其特征在于：其中在步骤C后，更包含有一个步骤，是重复执行步骤A至步骤C。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电源转换方法，其特征在于：其中在步骤B之后，该第一电感停止释能，使该第一二极管截止。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的电源转换方法，其特征在于：其中在步骤B中，该隔离式变压器是通过该第二电容与该第二电感形成的共振电路，将其储能传导至该第三电容。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电源转换方法，其特征在于：其中在步骤B中，该第二电容与该第二电感形成的共振电路后，当该第二电感的跨压大于该第三电容的跨压时，该第三二极管导通，而进入步骤C。
PCT/CN2014/000905 2013-11-14 2014-10-14 隔离式交直流转换装置及其转换方法 WO2015070514A1 (zh)

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JP2016537947A (ja) 2016-12-01

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