WO2015068193A1 - 自律移動システム - Google Patents
自律移動システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015068193A1 WO2015068193A1 PCT/JP2013/079808 JP2013079808W WO2015068193A1 WO 2015068193 A1 WO2015068193 A1 WO 2015068193A1 JP 2013079808 W JP2013079808 W JP 2013079808W WO 2015068193 A1 WO2015068193 A1 WO 2015068193A1
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002066 L-histidyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=NC(C([H])([H])[C@](C(=O)[*])([H])N([H])[H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0212—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/08—Active safety systems predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision or attempting to minimise its consequences
- B60W30/09—Taking automatic action to avoid collision, e.g. braking and steering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/08—Active safety systems predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision or attempting to minimise its consequences
- B60W30/095—Predicting travel path or likelihood of collision
- B60W30/0956—Predicting travel path or likelihood of collision the prediction being responsive to traffic or environmental parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/02—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to ambient conditions
- B60W40/04—Traffic conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D15/00—Steering not otherwise provided for
- B62D15/02—Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
- B62D15/025—Active steering aids, e.g. helping the driver by actively influencing the steering system after environment evaluation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/0088—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots characterized by the autonomous decision making process, e.g. artificial intelligence, predefined behaviours
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an autonomous mobile system that autonomously travels on a specified reference route in an environment where there are moving obstacles such as pedestrians and bicycles in a facility or in a city.
- Patent Document 1 There is [Patent Document 1] as background art in this technical field.
- the purpose of this publication is to create a movement path for an autonomous mobile body to move autonomously while avoiding a collision with a moving obstacle. Therefore, based on the current position information and the moving direction information of the moving obstacle, the movement prediction path of the moving obstacle is calculated, and the autonomous moving body reaches the intersection of this path and the moving path of the autonomous moving body.
- the autonomous area is set around the future position of the moving obstacle at the time point, and the autonomous area is set to avoid the prohibited area that is set smaller as the distance between the current position of the autonomous moving body and the future position of the moving obstacle is larger.
- a method and system for creating a moving path of a moving body is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 the size of the prohibited area of the moving obstacle described in Patent Document 1 is smaller as the relative distance between the moving obstacle and the autonomous moving body is larger, and is larger as the speed of the autonomous moving body is faster.
- a moving path creation method and system characterized by setting is disclosed.
- the future position of the moving obstacle is predicted by the current position information and the moving direction information of the moving obstacle, and the route of the autonomous moving body is changed.
- the autonomous moving body changes the course when one of them changes the speed and the moving direction at a certain moment.
- the autonomous moving body changes suddenly or frequently, and pedestrians and bicycles cannot predict the behavior of autonomous moving bodies. And there was a problem that overtaking traffic could not be realized.
- the size of the prohibited area of the moving obstacle is set to be smaller as the relative distance between the moving obstacle and the autonomous moving body is larger and larger as the speed of the autonomous moving body is faster. Therefore, the influence of a distant moving obstacle becomes small, but the closer to the moving obstacle and the higher the speed of the autonomous moving body, the larger the avoidance width becomes, and a large direction change is required. For this reason, there is a case where a large course change occurs when the user is nearby, and there is a problem that safe face-to-face traffic and overtaking traffic cannot be realized.
- the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and realizes safe face-to-face traffic and overtaking traffic with moving obstacles such as pedestrians and bicycles moving in a free direction.
- the purpose is to provide a possible autonomous mobile system.
- the present invention is an autonomous mobile system that moves autonomously based on a designated reference route in an environment where an obstacle exists, and acquires the autonomous mobile system and surrounding environment information
- Environmental information acquisition means storage information processing means for holding the reference route information or map information in which the reference route is registered, and the self-location of the autonomous mobile system based on the environment information and the reference route information or map information
- Self-position estimating means for estimating, obstacle information generating means for generating obstacle information that hinders movement based on the environment information, movement direction based on the self-position, the obstacle information, and the reference route information
- the route determination means for determining the moving speed, and when the moving object approaches based on the obstacle information, the mutual action is determined in advance.
- An approaching action generating means for determining a moving route or a moving direction or a moving speed for guiding a stable situation, and a vehicle control means for controlling the movement of the autonomous mobile system based on the moving direction and the moving speed
- the approaching action generating means is based on the obstacle information of the moving body, the current position of the autonomous mobile system and the reference route, and detects the approach of the mobile body and the autonomous mobile system; Identifying the type of approach situation, and determining an easy-predictable action from which the action of the autonomous mobile system can be easily predicted from the moving body according to the type of the approach situation,
- the course decision of the moving body is determined, and based on the decided course of the moving body, the course of the moving body is not hindered It is characterized by correcting the course of the autonomous mobile system.
- the present invention provides the autonomous mobile system, wherein the easy-to-predict action generates a rectangular section and a moving speed based on an environmental situation, an approach position, and a type of the approach situation, and travels at a constant speed in the generated rectangle. It is characterized by doing.
- the present invention is the autonomous mobile system, wherein the approach situation includes any one of face-to-face driving, crossing, overtaking, and catch-up, and the easy-to-predict action weights the selection of speed and route according to the type. It is characterized by performing.
- the present invention is characterized in that in the autonomous mobile system, the mobile body is a pedestrian or a bicycle, and information that can be discriminated by the obstacle information generating means is generated.
- the autonomous mobile system which can carry out safe face-to-face traffic and overtaking traffic with respect to moving obstacles, such as a moving pedestrian and a bicycle, can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a configuration diagram of the autonomous mobile system of the present embodiment, and details will be described below using reference numerals.
- the autonomous mobile system 100 includes a storage information processing unit 110, an environment information acquisition unit 112, a self-position estimation unit 114, an obstacle detection unit 116, a route determination unit 118, an approaching action generation unit 120, and a vehicle control unit 122.
- each means can be implemented on a computer mounted on the autonomous mobile system 100, and some or all of the means can be processed on an external computer using wireless communication. It is also possible to adopt the configuration implemented in Hereinafter, the autonomous mobile system of the present embodiment will be described as a configuration that moves by wheels.
- the stored information processing unit 110 holds at least a reference route on which the autonomous mobile system 100 travels and map information around the route, transmits map information around the route to the self-position estimation unit 114, and route determination unit A reference route is transmitted to 118.
- the environment information acquisition unit 112 is configured by a sensor mounted on the autonomous mobile system 100, and acquires information from the sensor. Although details of the sensor are not shown, a laser distance sensor, a camera (such as a stereo camera system configured to measure distance by arranging two), an angular velocity sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a GPS receiver, a wheel rotation amount sensor, etc. Consists of.
- the sensor information acquired from these sensors is transmitted to the self-position estimation unit 114 and the obstacle detection unit 116 described later.
- the self-position estimation means 114 specifies the current position of the autonomous mobile system 100 based on information acquired from each sensor. For example, self-position information (what is called odometry) created by accumulating the values of wheel rotation amount sensors, correction of odometry by angular velocity sensors, acceleration sensors, and magnetic sensors, and information by laser distance sensors and cameras Stochastic fusion (for example, employing a method called an extended Kalman filter) of self-location information obtained by association with map information obtained from the stored information processing means 110 and location information obtained from a GPS receiver Thus, an accurate position and orientation of the self is estimated in the area where the autonomous mobile system 100 moves.
- the self-position data finally obtained is transmitted to the obstacle detection means 116 and the route determination means 118 described later.
- the obstacle detection means 116 detects an area that can be an obstacle to the movement of the autonomous mobile system 100 based on the sensor information, and calculates obstacle information.
- the surrounding shape information obtained from a laser type distance sensor or a camera (such as a stereo camera system configured to measure distance by arranging two)
- a step of a height that the autonomous mobile system 100 cannot get over Large grooves and protrusions in the air are obstacles.
- moving obstacles such as pedestrians and bicycles (automobiles in some cases) existing in environments such as facilities and towns targeted by the present invention are also detected.
- pedestrians and bicycles or automobiles in some cases
- the obstacle information of the moving obstacle includes a size (width), a moving speed, a moving direction, and the like.
- the route determining means 118 includes the self-location information, the reference route to travel, the type of detected obstacle (moving obstacle: animal, ball, fallen leaf, stationary obstacle: step, pole, hedge, etc.), position, Based on obstacle information such as shape and speed, the target route or target direction and speed of the autonomous mobile system 100 are determined and transmitted to the approaching action generating means 120.
- moving obstacle animal, ball, fallen leaf, stationary obstacle: step, pole, hedge, etc.
- position Based on obstacle information such as shape and speed, the target route or target direction and speed of the autonomous mobile system 100 are determined and transmitted to the approaching action generating means 120.
- the approaching action generating unit 120 When the approaching action generating unit 120 detects a pedestrian or a bicycle (or a car in some cases) as a moving obstacle based on the obstacle information, the approaching action generation unit 120 moves along with a pedestrian, a bicycle, or the like in accordance with a procedure described later. In order to guide the situation where the other party's action has been confirmed in order to perform safe and secure face-to-face traffic or overtaking traffic in the event of crossing or approaching, the other party takes action that is easy to predict and confirms the other party's behavior After obtaining the information, the target speed and target direction of the autonomous mobile system 100 are determined so as to maintain a stable and constant situation without performing a large course change when passing nearby.
- the vehicle control unit 122 performs vehicle motion control based on the target direction and target speed of the autonomous mobile system 100 acquired from the approaching action generation unit 120. Specifically, for example, control is performed so that the difference between the moving direction / moving speed of the current autonomous moving system 100 and the target direction / target speed becomes small. Further, the vehicle control means 122 has a drive source such as a motor and an engine for controlling the wheels and an electronic circuit, and allows the position and orientation of the autonomous mobile system 100 to be changed.
- a drive source such as a motor and an engine for controlling the wheels and an electronic circuit
- FIG. 2 is a process flowchart of the approaching action generation unit 120 in FIG. 1 and will be described below using reference numerals. Details of the processing of each block in the flowchart will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6.
- the approaching action generating unit 120 first detects approaching with a pedestrian or a bicycle (hereinafter referred to as a moving body) as step 101 (hereinafter referred to as S101) in FIG.
- a moving body a pedestrian or a bicycle
- the route 202 of the moving body 201 is assumed based on the obstacle information from the obstacle detection unit 116, and the distance 206 (approach to the route 202 of the autonomous mobile system 100 obtained by the route determination unit 118 is assumed.
- the case where the distance is less than or equal to a predetermined value is detected. Since this approach distance may be approximate, the route is given as a position at every predetermined time interval, and the interval 206 at the position (position 204, position 205) at a certain time is calculated.
- the closest point may be obtained by interpolating between the positions for each time interval, or the interval between the positions (position 204, position 205) may be used as the approach distance.
- the path 202 of the moving body 201 is represented by a curve as a target path. However, a straight line using the current position, moving speed, and moving direction may be used.
- the approaching action generating unit 120 performs an approach situation analysis with the moving object in S102 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, there are two types of approach situations: facing 210, front crossing 211 a, rear crossing 211 b, overtaking 212, and catch-up 213, depending on the moving direction and speed of the moving body.
- the approaching action generating unit 120 determines an easily predictable action for easily predicting the action of the autonomous mobile system 100 from the moving body as S103 in FIG.
- sections (221 to 223) in which easy-predict behavior is performed are set for the current target route 202.
- this section is represented by a rectangle, but it may be a path with a gentle constant curvature or a section with a gentle change along the boundary of the sidewalk.
- the length of this section is determined by the presence of an obstacle or the closest approach predicted position.
- the autonomous mobile system 100 determines the speed according to the size of the rectangle, the speed of the moving body, and the approach situation.
- the section 221 is selected, and the autonomous mobile system 100 decelerates or stops according to the length of the section. If a slight course change is possible, a section 222 parallel to the current traveling direction is selected. When a large direction change is required for the course change, a section 223 with a slight angle change from the current direction may be selected. However, in order to make it easier to predict the action from the other party, the angle change is performed in a short time.
- the selection of the predictable behavior is weighted according to the above-described approach situation.
- the opposite 210 in order to determine whether the mobile body wants to go to the left or right of the autonomous mobile system 100, the current traveling direction that decelerates the course of movement of the mobile body and shifts the path axis with the opposing mobile body The section 222 in parallel with is selected.
- the vehicle is decelerated to promote the determination of the situation.
- the vehicle travels straight without deceleration to promote the determination of the situation.
- the weight of the section parallel to the movement direction of the opponent is increased so as not to affect the action of the opponent after the withdrawal.
- the determination of the easy-to-predict behavior is an example for solving the problem of the present invention, and the above-described road traveling or speed change is possible as long as it facilitates the movement prediction of the autonomous mobile system 100 from the other party. Also, a method combining a slight course change may be used.
- the approaching action generating unit 120 determines the opponent course as S104 of FIG.
- the route is determined to be the opponent's route.
- the course decision may not be a complete straight line, but is detected when the opponent's movement locus enters a rectangular area having a certain width and length.
- the speed is determined to be fixed if the variation is not more than a predetermined value in the latest fixed period. If it is not possible to make a definite determination even after a predetermined period of time has passed, the approach situation may change. Therefore, the judgment is made in S105 in FIG. 2, and the process proceeds to the approach detection S101 to perform a new process in the latest situation.
- the approaching action generating unit 120 determines that the opponent's course has been confirmed in S105, the approaching action generating unit 120 finally performs the correction of the self course and the approaching run so as not to obstruct the course of the moving body as S106 in FIG. .
- the autonomous mobile system 100 travels in the predictable behavior section 230 described above, guides the course determination of the opposite 210 of the moving body, and takes the path 231 in the latest traveling state of the moving path 233 of the moving body. If it is determined to be determined, the driver quickly corrects his / her route and travels along the route 232 for safe and safe face-to-face traffic.
- FIG. 6 shows face-to-face traffic, but the same applies to other situations such as overtaking and crossing. Thereby, when approaching a mobile body, since each other's action is decided, safe and safe traffic is attained.
- the approaching action generating means 120 generates a target route or target direction and speed generated by the route determining means 118. Is transmitted to the vehicle control means 122.
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Abstract
Description
接近状況の種類を特定し、前記接近状況の種類に応じて、前記移動体から前記自律移動システムの行動が予測し易い予測容易行動を決定し、
前記予測容易行動中、前記移動体の一定期間の一定の行動を基に、前記移動体の進路確定を判断し、前記移動体の確定した進路に基づき、前記移動体の進路の妨げにならない前記自律移動システムの進路の修正を行うことを特徴とする。
110 記憶情報処理手段
112 環境情報取得手段
114 自己位置推定手段
116 障害物検出手段
118 経路決定手段
120 接近行動生成手段
122 車両制御手段
Claims (4)
- 障害物が存在する環境において、指定された基準経路に基づき自律して移動する自律移動システムであって、
周囲の環境情報を取得する環境情報取得手段と、
前記基準経路情報もしくは前記基準経路が登録された地図情報を保持する記憶情報処理手段と、
前記環境情報および前記基準経路情報もしくは地図情報に基づき前記自律移動システムの自己位置を推定する自己位置推定手段と、
前記環境情報に基づき、移動の妨げとなる障害物の情報を生成する障害物情報生成手段と、
前記自己位置と前記障害物情報と前記基準経路情報に基づき移動方向および移動速度を決定する経路決定手段と、
前記障害物情報に基づき移動体が接近する場合に、事前にお互いの行動を確定させた安定な状況を誘導するための移動経路もしくは移動方向もしくは移動速度を決定する接近行動生成手段と、
前記移動方向および前記移動速度に基づき自律移動システムの移動を制御する車両制御手段とを備え、
前記接近行動生成手段は、前記移動体の障害物情報と自律移動システムの現在位置および前記基準経路に基づき、前記移動体と前記自律移動システムの接近の検出と、接近状況の種類を判定し、前記接近状況の種類に応じて、前記移動体から前記自律移動システムの行動が予測し易い予測容易行動を決定し、前記予測容易行動中、前記移動体の一定期間の一定の行動を基に、前記移動体の進路確定を判断し、前記移動体の確定した進路に基づき、前記移動体の進路の妨げにならない前記自律移動システムの進路の修正を行う
ことを特徴とする自律移動システム。 - 請求項1に記載の自律移動システムにおいて、
前記予測容易行動は、環境の状況、接近の位置および前記接近状況の種類に基づき矩形区間および移動速度を生成し、生成した矩形内を一定の速度で走行することを特徴とする自律移動システム。
- 請求項1に記載の自律移動システムにおいて、
前記接近状況の種類は、対面走行、横切り、追い越し、追い付きの内、いずれかを含み、前記予測容易行動は前記種類に応じて、速度および経路の選択に重み付けを行う
ことを特徴とする自律移動システム。
- 前記請求項1に記載の自律移動システムにおいて、
前記移動体は、歩行者もしくは自転車であり、前記障害物情報生成手段において判別可能な情報が生成されることを特徴とする自律移動システム。
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PCT/JP2013/079808 WO2015068193A1 (ja) | 2013-11-05 | 2013-11-05 | 自律移動システム |
JP2015546163A JP6294342B2 (ja) | 2013-11-05 | 2013-11-05 | 自律移動システム |
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