WO2015055451A1 - Elektrochemischer energiespeicher mit leitfähigkeitsabschnitt zum überladungsschutz - Google Patents
Elektrochemischer energiespeicher mit leitfähigkeitsabschnitt zum überladungsschutz Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015055451A1 WO2015055451A1 PCT/EP2014/071322 EP2014071322W WO2015055451A1 WO 2015055451 A1 WO2015055451 A1 WO 2015055451A1 EP 2014071322 W EP2014071322 W EP 2014071322W WO 2015055451 A1 WO2015055451 A1 WO 2015055451A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0563—Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
- H01M10/3918—Sodium-sulfur cells characterised by the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
- H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
- H01M50/597—Protection against reversal of polarity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical energy store having an anode electrically connected to an anode space in which an anode material having a first fill level is arranged, and a cathode electrically connected to a cathode space in which a cathode material having a second fill level is arranged on ⁇ , and an ion-conducting separator, which separates the anode space from the cathode space.
- the invention relates to an electrochemical storage module, which has at least two such electrochemical energy ⁇ memory.
- the invention comprises a method for producing such an electrochemical energy store. Electrochemical energy stores in the sense of the invention can have any operating temperature ranges.
- ⁇ DERS preferred is an operating temperature range between 100 ° C and 500 ° C.
- This operating temperature range includes those of electrochemical energy storage devices that operate on the basis of the technology of sodium nickel chloride cells and sodium sulfur cells.
- Sodium-nickel-chloride cells can also be designed in such a way that at least part of the nickel in the cell is replaced or supplemented by iron.
- Such energy storage devices have at their operating temperatures in the anode space or cathode space corresponding to anode material or cathode material, which is substantially liquid.
- the anode material is about flüssi ⁇ saturated sodium.
- Is also lie in a sodium-nickel-chloride cell cathode material in the cathode space in front of which Wenig ⁇ present least partially liquid, and a salt mixture of nickel, sodium chloride and other additives. Due to the liquid state of aggregation, the level of Anode material or cathode material in the gravitational field of the earth and can thus be very easily determined.
- the fill level or level corresponds in this case to the mean fill level level of the material (anode material, cathode material) in the respectively associated space (anode space, cathode space) when the energy store is used as intended.
- the level or the filling level with about ⁇ participating life changes. If the respective material is only partly liquid in liquid phase, the definition should refer to the level of each liquid phase of the material.
- strands are comprised of electrochemical storage modules.
- the term of the strand and of the memory module will be treated below in the context of the invention as synonymous.
- electrochemical energy stores in such a storage module are always subject to scattering with regard to their capacities or states of charge.
- the scattering results primarily from manufacturing influences, since not all of the weighed-in active material (anode material, cathode material) inside the energy store contributes to the available capacity.
- influences of the grain sizes of active materials on the capacity are known.
- Electrochemical Reaktio ⁇ NEN can so as to take place only in those areas of the anode and cathode, respectively, the one for a sufficient electrical connection during the entire reaction time to
- an electrochemical storage module with connected in series electrochemical energy storage on further charged the timing also has to which the first energy storage reached the state of full charge, the charging voltage would rise in the already charged energy ⁇ memory usually at unacceptably high levels, which in turn irreversible chemical reactions could affect the functional components of the energy storage or damage the energy store to such an extent that it fails.
- conventionally In order to avoid possible damage to individual energy storage in such an electrochemical storage module when loading as well as unloading, conventionally Koch L. Deep discharges by simple measures tries to avoid.
- an advantageous preselection can be made already initially when assembling the electrochemical storage module by targeted sorting of individual energy storage, which are not within a narrow tolerance band in terms of their capacity.
- an electrochemical energy store having an anode, which is electrically connected to an anode space, in which an anode material having a first filling ⁇ height is arranged, and a cathode, which is electrically connected to a cathode space, in which is arranged a cathode material having a second filling level, and an ion-conducting separator which separates the anode space from the cathode space, wherein the ion-conducting Separa ⁇ tor when using the electrochemical energy storage has a head portion and a foot portion, wherein in the head region of the ion-conducting Separators on or at least one conductivity section is provided, which in normal operation of the electrochemical see energy storage is more electronically conductive than an electronically insulating isolation section in the foot, wherein at least one state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage exists, in which the anode material in the anode compartment and possibly also the cathode material in the
- the objects are achieved by an electrochemical storage module, which we have ⁇ tendonss two of the electrochemical energy storage device in advance, as described hereinafter also, are electrically connected in series with each other.
- these objects underlying the invention are achieved by a method for producing such an electrochemical energy store in advance, as also described below, which comprises the following steps:
- the anode and cathode comprise the electronically conductive regions, which can be electrically contacted for the voltage tap.
- the anode chamber as the cathode cavities are further characterized in that they comprise electrochemically active regions, so materials (anode and cathode material mate rial ⁇ ) which are subjected to due to the elektrochemi ⁇ rule reactions material changes.
- the first fill level of the anode material, as well as the second fill level of the cathode material typically vary due to the different charge states (or discharge states) at which different amounts of anode material and cathode material are electrochemically reacted.
- the amount of the anode Mate ⁇ rials correlates with the amount of the cathode material inverse (coupled via the stoichiometric conversion formulas), ie with an increase of the anode material as a result of a charging of the energy ⁇ memory, the amount of the cathode material decreases accordingly. Since the anode material and / or the cathode material are arranged at least partially freely movable in the anode or in the cathode chamber, the respective fill levels align in the field of gravitational attraction. Correspondingly, larger or smaller fill levels of the individual materials result.
- the ion conductive Sepa ⁇ rator is preferably formed as a solid electrolyte, which specifically ion is conductive, especially when the solid electrolyte is heated above a predetermined operating temperature (approximately between 100 ° C and 500 ° C).
- a predetermined operating temperature approximately between 100 ° C and 500 ° C.
- ei ⁇ ne specific ionic conductivity of the ion conducting electrolyte is doped with suitable dopants.
- a solid electrolyte is particularly suitable here as an ion-conducting electrolyte, since it remains largely stable and unchangeable even at high operating temperatures or large temperature changes.
- the head region of the ion-conducting separator relates to a region of the energy store which, when used as intended, is located farther away from the earth center than the foot region.
- the foot region relates to a region of the ion-conducting separator, which is closer to the center of the earth during normal operation of the electrochemical Energy storage is arranged.
- freely movable liquid and freely moving solid Be ⁇ constituents of the anode material and the cathode material during normal operation increasingly conductive in the foot region of the ion separator collect due to gravity.
- the head area and foot area may vary in their absolute extent.
- the head area may occupy more than, less than, or exactly half of the ion-conducting separator in an expansion direction parallel to the gravity field. The same applies of course to the foot area.
- Electrochemical energy stores are particularly preferably designed as an energy store based on the technology of the sodium-nickel-chloride cell (a iCl 2 ) or on the technology of the sodium-sulfur cell (NaS).
- a power bridge (Entlade vite) for formation of a leakage current between anodes is denmaterial and cathode material produced when accordance ei ⁇ ner possible embodiment, contacting both the first fluid level of the anode material and the second fluid level of the Ka ⁇ Thode materials the conductivity portion is ensured.
- So ⁇ well anode material as well as cathode material so are each on one side of the conductivity section on. Since the conductivity section is encompassed by the ion-conducting separator, anode material and cathode material also abut on one side. The electronic discharge via the conductivity section between the anode material and the cathode material leads to a reduction of the
- An advantageous effect of the so-balanced state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage is that when discharging the series-connected energy storage all Energyspei- rather at the same time reach the lower allowable state of charge he ⁇ .
- single ⁇ Lich the first fluid level of the anode material or the second fluid level changes as far as the cathode material, that it moves between conducting portion and isolati ⁇ onsabites.
- a level-independent contacting of Kathodenma ⁇ terials with the conductivity section can be achieved for example by a suitable piece of carbon felt as well as eg by a direct metallic conductivity bridge within the cathode compartment.
- an electronic connection between Katho ⁇ denmaterial or cathode and conducting portion Herge ⁇ provides that thus raises the conductivity section on the electrochemical potential of the cathode until during the Charging at high load conditions of the electrochemical energy storage device, the anode material ⁇ cut reaches the Leitdozenssab and thus the electronic current bridge Zvi ⁇ rule anode material and cathode material is closed.
- An electronic contact with the conductive portion to form a current bridge which produces the electronic contact between the cathode material or the cathode of a ⁇ part, and the conducting portion on the other hand, can be achieved by various arrangements.
- a current bridge may be formed, for example, when both the anode material and the cathode material are in direct electronic contact with the conductivity portion.
- such a current bridge can be formed if it is provided on the side of the cathode compartment a conductivity ⁇ keits Hampshire which connects the cathode material or the cathode electrically connected to the Leit couplesab ⁇ cut. Even then, in fact, an electronic discharge between anode material and cathode material or cathode can be expected.
- This conductivity bridge can to increase efficiency even further use cathode material be be ⁇ networked by this occupies about by a capillary conductivity bridge in regions.
- a carbon felt can form such a conductivity bridge, which is then wetted when occupied by the cathode material.
- the fill level of the other material can also always have a suffi ⁇ accordingly large filling level so that it is always with the conducting portion in electrical contact. If, for example, the fill level of the other material also comes into contact with the conductivity section, the current bridge is formed and, thus, the electrical discharge occurs via the same.
- the current bridge constructed in accordance with the embodiment can thus also be understood as a temporary "short-circuit path", although a reduction in the electronic resistance to values which are comparable with pure metallic conductors should not be provided
- Discharge currents in the sense of leakage currents which are low in relation to the usual operating currents of the electrochemical energy store, prevent overcharging of individual electrochemical energy stores over a longer period of time.
- the cathode in the present case can also be understood in the sense of a positive electrode (positive pole) and the anode also in terms of a negative electrode (negative pole) during discharging of the energy store.
- the cathode in the present case can also be understood in the sense of a positive electrode (positive pole) and the anode also in terms of a negative electrode (negative pole) during discharging of the energy store.
- the ion-conducting separator is formed as a ceramic separator.
- the separator has the best possible ionic conductivity to see, while at the same time the electro ⁇ African conductivity should be minimized and greatly reduced. If such a cell is completely charged, the first filling level of the anode material in the anode chamber rises to a maximum value as intended. However, if this energy store is now in an electrochemical storage module connected in series with other energy stores, the charging of the energy store with additional electrical energy would lead to the overcharging of the energy store. According to the embodiment, however, an overcharge is prevented by the anode material (liquid sodium) coming into contact with the conductivity section, and thus an internal current discharge can take place between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment.
- anode material liquid sodium
- the internal self-discharge can with increasing state of charge For example, even increase, which can improve the rela ⁇ tive compensation of the charge states of individual energy storage, which are connected in an electrochemical storage module, compared to other energy storage.
- the matching of individual charge states in the overall system is thus carried out specifically depending on the individual state of charge.
- the ion-conducting separator has exactly one conductivity section and one insulation section which adjoin one another.
- GESAM ⁇ te head portion can be electronically conductive so configured, for example, thus correspond to the conducting portion.
- the ion-conducting separator also has a cup shape, which is most preferably cylindrical in sections. Accordingly, therefore, an upper portion of this cup may form a conducting portion, whereas the rest of the ion-conducting separator may form from ⁇ the insulation portion in the foot area.
- the isolation section corresponds to the ion-conducting separator which has poor electronic conductivity.
- the Leitdesab ⁇ cut in permanent electronic contact to the cathode material. This is already sufficient for the formation of a leakage current through the conductivity section, that a state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage device exists, wherein the anode material in the anode compartment contacted the Leitfä ⁇ htechniksabites. For the formation of the leakage current is so sufficient that only the anode material during the operation of the energy storage as far as its first
- Level height changes to reach the conductivity section.
- the conducting portion is wetted on the side of Ka ⁇ Thode space under conditions of normal use of the Energyspei ⁇ Chers with cathode material.
- Wetting can be achieved, for example, by auxiliary devices, such as A sponge, a net, a felt or other devices that are suitable for effecting wetting.
- the Leitfä ⁇ htechniksabites is arranged such that, when determ ⁇ mungssieem use of the energy accumulator, the conducting portion is adjacent on a uniform liquid level to the insulating portion.
- This uniform level height corresponds to a possible level height, which can be achieved by the anode material or the cathode material.
- the uniform level height can be understood in the sense of a boundary line, which coincides when reaching the anode material or the cathode material with their fill levels.
- the conducting portion is arranged so that it cut several possible heights of the boundary line between Leitdozenssab ⁇ and are insulating section.
- the conducting portion formed circumferentially in particular ge ⁇ closed, said foot area closer to the associated edge of the conduction portion (boundary line) may have a horizontal course in conditions of use of the energy store.
- the intended use of the energy storage typically requires a
- the uniformity of the filling level height ⁇ (boundary line) is determined by the accuracy of positioning of the manufacturer as well as the measuring method. According to the embodiment, an accuracy of +/- 1 to 2 mm is suitable.
- the conductivity section in the direction from the foot region to the head region assumes an increasing proportion of the total circumference of the ion-conducting separator. Because of changing to the head region portion with increasing filling height as the anode material can form also an increasingly becomes larger leakage current, as far as the cathode material is already in each case via the level ⁇ height of the anode material. Thus changing type can be achieved by charging state of the energy to store an appropriate adjustment to ⁇ the leakage current.
- the uniform fill level defined by the boundary line between the conductivity section and the insulation section corresponds to a charge state of the electrochemical store of at most 100% of the maximum charge, particularly preferably of at most 95% of the maximum charge.
- the fill level in this case relates in particular to the fill level of the anode material in the anode chamber. This results in an internal self-discharge only with fully charged energy stores, which prevents the energy storage from overcharging.
- the uniform filling level corresponds to a maximum charge of at most 95 °
- production-related inaccuracies in the ion-conducting separator can advantageously be compensated or taken into account, which otherwise could allow overcharging, since sometimes the maximum fill level can only be estimated with insufficient accuracy ,
- the boundary region between Leitiquessab ⁇ cut and vary slightly insulating section due to diffusion processes during manufacture, development method, the boundary region between Leitdozenssab ⁇ cut and vary slightly insulating section.
- the conducting portion and the insulating portion grasp an identical base material by ⁇ , which is preferably ceramic, wherein the conducting portion is doped with at least one element wel ⁇ ches causes a comparison to the base material higher electronic conductivity.
- the base material is preferably Na- ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 or Na- ⁇ "-Al 2 O 3 .
- the doping is preferably carried out with elements of the second to fifth main group and / or sub-group elements. Particularly preferred are elements from the group of alkaline earth metals and / or transition metals.
- the base material is the material from which the majority of the ion guide ⁇ the separator is formed, or which forms the basic structure. It is typically a carrier material which is used to hold other materials which have different conductivity characteristics, or other chemical and physical properties of the separator LED THE ⁇ hen.
- a suitable conductivity is typically after ent ⁇ speaking doping of the base material.
- Doping materials have increased intrinsic electronic conductivity in the base material. Due to the doping results in respect to thermal, as well as mechanical external influences of stable ions conductive separator. Due to the strength of the doping, moreover, the self-discharge current can be adjusted in a targeted manner. It is likewise possible to introduce a spatially varying doping into the base material in order, for example, to achieve a time-varying internal self-discharge during the charging of the electrochemical energy store.
- the conductivity section and the insulation section comprise an identical base material, which is preferably ceramic, wherein the conductivity section is provided with an electronically conductive, percolated secondary phase.
- the secondary phase may in this case be ⁇ vorzugt of an elemental metal (nickel, copper, silver) may be carried out, or it has approximately a metal alloy (preferably based on Ni, Ag, Cr, Co, Cu and / or Fe), or it has a metal oxide compound (in particular based on Cr 2 O 3 , In 2 O 3 , Mn x O y , Fe x O y , CeO 2, Co x O y or TiO 2 ), more preferably a perovskite compound of the general formula (RE, AE) ( Fe, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni) 0 3, wherein RE is a rare earth and at least one alkaline earth AE, or the secondary phase comprises an electronically conductive Zinme ⁇ tall, such as carbon.
- a conductivity ⁇ section based on carbon can be about by
- Carbonizing a polymer resin article can be achieved. Combinations of the aforementioned secondary phases are possible. All of the abovementioned secondary phases or their base materials are suitable for introducing a secondary phase into most separators. In particular, these materials are suitable for incorporation in a ceramic separator. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the ion-conducting separator is formed as a solid electrolyte, which is specifically Io ⁇ NEN conductive. Specific ionic conductivity is when only one or more ionic species of a predetermined chemical nature can pass through the separator. In this case, a specific ion conductivity can be achieved, for example, by doping the base material of the ion-conducting separator.
- the formation of a suitably shaped conductivity section can be achieved.
- both the ionic conductivity, as well as the elekt ⁇ tronic conductivity in regions targeted by the same or similar method (doping) can be achieved.
- the electrochemical energy store it is also preferred in accordance with the invention for the electrochemical energy store to be based on the technology of a sodium-nickel-chloride cell or a sodium-sulfur cell. These cells have a technically conditioned maximum state of charge, which should not be exceeded in order to avoid damaging the cells. Overcharge protection in these cells can thus contribute to the life span of these cells.
- the operating temperature of the electrochemical energy store at discharge is not less than 100 ° C, preferably not less than 200 ° C.
- the discharge operating temperature is not higher than 500 ° C.
- the operating temperature is within the typi ⁇ rule operating temperature ranges of operating on the technology of sodium-nickel-chloride cells energy storage, and according to the technology of sodium-sulfur cells working energy storage.
- the storage module comprises an electronic charge management system which has no circuit which is provided for the equalization of an unequal state of charge of at least two electrochemical energy stores. Accordingly, no further circuit complexity is required in order nevertheless to achieve an equalization of the individual charge states of individual energy stores in the electrochemical storage module. This turns out to be particularly cost effective, as well as in terms of electronic susceptibility advantageous.
- the green body is formed as a ceramic green body, which is sintered or stabilized by the thermal treatment.
- the additives do not have to necessarily be identical to the doping elements or the materials to form a secondary phase itself. These can also be formed only during the thermal stabilization by chemical reaction with the base material of the green body or substances introduced therein.
- Embodiment according to infiltration may also be only partially or in sections, carried out in order to provide about predetermined areas with egg ⁇ nem conducting portion, but not others behan ⁇ punched portions remain as the insulating portion, or as a portion of a lower electronic Leitfä ⁇ ability than the conducting portion having.
- the thermal Behan ⁇ deln the green body takes place under an oxidizing atmosphere, in particular under an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- An oxygen-containing atmosphere is particularly suitable for Grünkör ⁇ pern which have been provided with a metal oxide compound for forming a secondary phase, or with suitable
- a reducing atmosphere may also be advantageous, which are suitable for the other abovementioned substances for forming a conductive secondary phase in the separator.
- a polymer such as epoxy resin
- a non-metallic secondary phase wherein after thermal loading treatment (carbonization) remains only a carbon skeleton having a sufficient electronic conductivity ⁇ ness. Accordingly, it is therefore also envisaged that the thermal treatment of the green body is carried out under a reducing gas atmosphere At ⁇ , in particular as carbonizing a
- Polymer resin having green body takes place under a reducing atmosphere.
- 1 shows a first embodiment of the electrochemical energy store 1 according to the invention in a lateral Thomasansieht
- FIG 2 is a side sectional view through a elektrochemi ⁇ ULTRASONIC memory module 30, comprising a plurality of individual ⁇ a electrochemical energy storage devices 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a representation of a dotted shape of the inventive method for the manufacture of a lung electrochemical energy storage device 1, as previously and shown below.
- FIG. 1 shows an electrochemical energy store which has an anode 11 and a cathode 12.
- the cathode 12 is widened by a cathode cover 23, which closes the cathode space 22 partially upwards.
- the anode 11 is in this case electrically connected to an anode chamber 21, in which an anode material 31 is arranged with a first filling level ⁇ height EF.
- the cathode 12 is in turn electrically connected with egg nem cathode compartment 22 in which a cathode material 32 is provided with a second fill level IF angeord ⁇ net.
- the electrochemical energy store 1 comprises an ion-conducting separator 13, which in the present case is cup-shaped.
- the at least partially freely movable anode material 31 and the at least partially freely movable cathode material 32 are arranged further down in the illustration due to gravity. The arrangement of the materials 31, 32 is therefore associated closer to the foot region 6 of the ion-conducting separator than the head region 5.
- a sealing material 35 is produced in the energy store 1 provided, which is designed for example as a glass solder and / or as a ceramic ring (- ⁇ 1 2 0 3 ).
- the sealing material 35 allows the gas-tight connection between anode 11, cathode 12 and the ion-conducting separator 13 such that between the anode chamber 21 and cathode chamber 22 no mass transfer can take place, whereby a charge exchange is prevented.
- the first fluid level EF of the anode material which is accompanied simultaneously with a fall of the cathode material in the cathode chamber 22 increases.
- the first fluid level EF decreases with Ent ⁇ load of the electrochemical energy storage device 1 in the anode chamber 21, which is accompanied by a rise of the second liquid level ZF of the cathode material 32nd Both the anode material 31 and cathode material 32 are in contact with the ion guide ⁇ the separator. 13
- the cup-shaped ion-conducting separator 13 is mainly made of base material 20.
- a conductivity section 15 is arranged, which is indicated in the figure by hatching.
- the conductivity section 15 is adjacent to a region of the ion-conducting separator 13, which has a lower electronic conductivity, when the energy store 1 is used as intended at a uniform fill level (boundary line) (or corresponding to such a uniform fill level (boundary line) FZW) , Specifically, the non as Leit couplesab ⁇ cut 15 formed portion of the separator 13 is fully formed as insulation heading 16. Isolation section 16 and the conductivity section 15 thus border on a uniform level level (boundary line) (FZW) (or corres ⁇ pondierend to such a uniform level height
- the first fill level EF of the anode material 31 exceeds the fill level height FZW (boundary line) determined by the conductivity section 15, namely if, for example, the area of the area assigned closer to the foot region 6 Conductivity section 15 only a small internal Stromentla ⁇ tion is made possible.
- FZW fill level height
- the first fill level EF of the anode material 31 exceeds the fill level height (FZW) (limit line) determined by the conductivity section 15.
- FZW fill level height
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view from the side through an electrochemical storage module 30, which has a plurality of electrochemical energy stores 1 connected electrically in series with one another.
- the serial interconnection of contacts each case a cathode 12 ei ⁇ nes energy storage device 1 having an anode 11 of a respectively be ⁇ adjacent energy accumulator.
- 1 3 shows a representation of a manndiagrammatician from ⁇ embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing an electrochemical energy storage device 1, which comprises the steps of:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14786151.2A EP3039732B1 (de) | 2013-10-14 | 2014-10-06 | Elektrochemischer energiespeicher mit leitfähigkeitsabschnitt zum überladungsschutz |
CN201480056437.5A CN105637676B (zh) | 2013-10-14 | 2014-10-06 | 包括用于过充电保护的导电部分的电化学能量存储装置 |
JP2016522800A JP6411486B2 (ja) | 2013-10-14 | 2014-10-06 | 過充電保護用の伝導性部分を備える電気化学エネルギー貯蔵体 |
US15/027,500 US9991564B2 (en) | 2013-10-14 | 2014-10-06 | Electrochemical energy store comprising a conductivity section for overcharge protection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13188495.9 | 2013-10-14 | ||
EP20130188495 EP2860788A1 (de) | 2013-10-14 | 2013-10-14 | Elektrochemischer Energiespeicher mit Leitfähigkeitsabschnitt zum Überladungsschutz |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2015055451A1 true WO2015055451A1 (de) | 2015-04-23 |
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PCT/EP2014/071322 WO2015055451A1 (de) | 2013-10-14 | 2014-10-06 | Elektrochemischer energiespeicher mit leitfähigkeitsabschnitt zum überladungsschutz |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9991564B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP2860788A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6411486B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN105637676B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015055451A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106711382A (zh) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-05-24 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种用于高温电池的非氧化物多孔隔膜材料及其制备方法 |
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DE3926977A1 (de) * | 1989-08-16 | 1991-02-21 | Licentia Gmbh | Hochenergiesekundaerbatterie |
US5028499A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1991-07-02 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Charge balancing of rechargeable batteries |
US20110236743A1 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-09-29 | General Electric Company | Electrolyte separator and method of making the electrolyte separator |
US20130040171A1 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-14 | Robert Christie Galloway | Energy storage device and associated method |
Family Cites Families (7)
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JPS4725212Y1 (de) | 1968-02-27 | 1972-08-07 | ||
US4208475A (en) | 1978-12-28 | 1980-06-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method of forming sodium beta-Al2 O3 solid materials |
JP3458438B2 (ja) | 1994-02-17 | 2003-10-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Na/S電池 |
JPH07282844A (ja) | 1994-04-11 | 1995-10-27 | Hitachi Ltd | 固体電解質およびその製造方法 |
KR101107999B1 (ko) * | 2007-10-16 | 2012-01-25 | 한국과학기술원 | 전압 센서와 전하 균일 장치가 결합된 배터리 운용 시스템 |
US9153844B2 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2015-10-06 | General Electric Company | System and methods of using a sodium metal halide cell |
US8816635B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2014-08-26 | General Electric Company | Charging system using sodium level control in individual sealed anode tubes |
-
2013
- 2013-10-14 EP EP20130188495 patent/EP2860788A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-10-06 WO PCT/EP2014/071322 patent/WO2015055451A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-10-06 US US15/027,500 patent/US9991564B2/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 CN CN201480056437.5A patent/CN105637676B/zh active Active
- 2014-10-06 JP JP2016522800A patent/JP6411486B2/ja active Active
- 2014-10-06 EP EP14786151.2A patent/EP3039732B1/de active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5028499A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1991-07-02 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Charge balancing of rechargeable batteries |
DE3926977A1 (de) * | 1989-08-16 | 1991-02-21 | Licentia Gmbh | Hochenergiesekundaerbatterie |
US20110236743A1 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-09-29 | General Electric Company | Electrolyte separator and method of making the electrolyte separator |
US20130040171A1 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-14 | Robert Christie Galloway | Energy storage device and associated method |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106711382A (zh) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-05-24 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种用于高温电池的非氧化物多孔隔膜材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN105637676A (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
CN105637676B (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
JP2016539457A (ja) | 2016-12-15 |
US20160248124A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
EP3039732B1 (de) | 2017-06-28 |
US9991564B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
JP6411486B2 (ja) | 2018-10-24 |
EP2860788A1 (de) | 2015-04-15 |
EP3039732A1 (de) | 2016-07-06 |
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