WO2015053054A1 - 開閉具及び呼吸補助装置 - Google Patents
開閉具及び呼吸補助装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015053054A1 WO2015053054A1 PCT/JP2014/074569 JP2014074569W WO2015053054A1 WO 2015053054 A1 WO2015053054 A1 WO 2015053054A1 JP 2014074569 W JP2014074569 W JP 2014074569W WO 2015053054 A1 WO2015053054 A1 WO 2015053054A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- exhalation
- hole
- closing
- closing mechanism
- Prior art date
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lawrencium atom Chemical compound [Lr] CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002680 cardiopulmonary resuscitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002695 general anesthesia Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000002859 sleep apnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
- A61M16/201—Controlled valves
- A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
- A61M16/203—Proportional
- A61M16/205—Proportional used for exhalation control
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
- A61M16/201—Controlled valves
- A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
- A61M16/203—Proportional
- A61M16/204—Proportional used for inhalation control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D33/00—Non-positive-displacement pumps with other than pure rotation, e.g. of oscillating type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/004—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by piezoelectric means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
- A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
- A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/02—Gases
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- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
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- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
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- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
- A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an opening / closing tool and a respiratory assistance device.
- a general respiratory assistance device includes an oxygen supply source such as an oxygen cylinder, an inspiratory pipe connected to the supply source, a mask attached to the tip of the inspiratory pipe, an exhalation pipe branched from the inspiratory pipe, An exhalation valve fixed at the tip of the exhalation tube is provided (for example, JP-A-02-131765, JP-A-02-131773, JP-A-02-131774, JP-A-05-245204). ).
- These breathing assist devices include a controlled ventilation (Controlled Ventilation) method for patients without spontaneous breathing (general anesthesia, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and severe patients) and positive pressure in the airways ( Various methods such as an assisted ventilation method that creates positive pressure) are adopted.
- Controlled Ventilation Controlled Ventilation
- Various methods such as an assisted ventilation method that creates positive pressure
- oxygen delivered from the oxygen cylinder is supplied to the lungs as inspiration via the inspiratory tube.
- the oxygen supplied to the lungs is then exhaled as exhaled air by the lungs.
- the pressure in the exhalation tube increases.
- a control unit receives the sensing signal from the pressure sensor which detected the pressure rise in an expiration tube, and opens an expiration valve. In this way, exhaled air is discharged from the exhalation tube to the outside.
- a diaphragm valve is known as an exhalation valve used in such a breathing assistance device.
- This diaphragm valve has a valve seat formed at the periphery of the opening of a hole through which exhalation passes (hereinafter referred to as an exhalation hole), a position supported by the valve seat to close the exhalation hole, and a distance from the valve seat to open the exhalation hole And a valve body movable between the positions.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an opening / closing tool capable of switching between an open state and a closed state and an intermediate state thereof, and a respiratory assistance device having the opening / closing tool.
- the opening / closing tool of the present invention includes a partition member having a partition surface with an opening for a circulation hole, and an opening / closing mechanism for opening / closing the circulation hole, wherein the opening / closing mechanism has first opening areas different from each other.
- the opening length of the flow hole in the width direction can be moved between the position and the second position along the partition surface. Increases or decreases from the first position toward the second position.
- the opening rate of the flow hole when the opening / closing mechanism is located at the first position is smaller than that when the opening / closing mechanism is located at the second position, and the opening of the flow hole in the moving direction of the opening / closing mechanism.
- the length change ratio is preferably smaller in the first position than in the second position.
- the partition member is provided with a plurality of the flow holes.
- the opening / closing mechanism preferably closes the plurality of flow holes simultaneously.
- the opening / closing mechanism is movable between the first position, the second position, and the third position, and the first position is located between the second position and the third position, and
- the flow hole is preferably closed at one position, and the flow hole is preferably open at the second position and the third position.
- the variation profile of the opening length of the flow hole when moving from the first position to the third position is the variation profile of the opening length of the flow hole when moving from the first position to the second position. It is preferable to be different.
- the fluctuation profile of the opening length of the flow hole when moving from the first position to the third position is the fluctuation profile of the opening length of the flow hole when moving from the first position to the second position. It may be the same.
- an opening area adjusting member that is movable along the partition surface is further provided, and a gap in which a part of the flow hole is exposed is formed between the opening area adjusting member and the opening / closing mechanism.
- the opening area adjusting member is preferably connected to the opening / closing mechanism.
- a respiratory assistance device includes the opening / closing tool described above, and the partition member is formed of a mask for covering the nose or the mouth and a communication pipe communicating with a space formed in the mask in the wearing state. It is characterized by that.
- the flow hole is formed in the mask. Further, the flow hole may be formed in the communication pipe. And it is preferable that the said through-hole forms the expiration
- opening / closing tool of the present invention switching between the open state and the closed state as well as the intermediate state thereof is possible.
- Such an opening / closing tool is also suitable for an opening / closing tool (for example, an exhalation valve) in a respiratory assistance device.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the input voltage V to the piezo element and the expiratory hole opening ratio S / S MAX in the case of FIG. 6, where the horizontal axis is the input voltage V to the piezo element and the vertical axis is the expiratory hole opening.
- the rate S / S MAX is the rate of the input voltage V to the piezo element.
- FIG. 1 It is the schematic which shows the example of control of a breathing assistance apparatus, (A) shows the case where a user exhales, (B) shows the case where a user inhales.
- (A) is explanatory drawing which shows the outline
- summary of the exhalation-valve, exhalation-hole, and these periphery in the case of input voltage V VA .
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the input voltage V to the piezo element and the expiratory hole opening ratio S / S MAX in the case of FIG. 10, where the horizontal axis is the input voltage V to the piezo element and the vertical axis is the expiratory hole opening.
- the rate S / S MAX It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the input voltage V to the piezo element and the expiratory hole opening ratio S / S MAX in the case of FIG. 12, where the horizontal axis is the input voltage V to the piezo element and the vertical axis is the expiratory hole opening.
- the rate S / S MAX It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the input voltage V to the piezo element and the expiratory hole opening ratio S / S MAX in the case of FIG. 14, where the horizontal axis is the input voltage V to the piezo element and the vertical axis is the expiratory hole opening.
- the rate S / S MAX (A) is explanatory drawing which shows the outline
- summary of the exhalation-valve, exhalation-hole, and these periphery in the case of input voltage V VA .
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the input voltage V to the piezo element and the expiratory hole opening ratio S / S MAX in the case of FIG. 16, where the horizontal axis is the input voltage V to the piezo element and the vertical axis is the expiratory hole opening. The rate S / S MAX .
- (A) is explanatory drawing which shows the outline
- (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the outline
- (A) is explanatory drawing which shows a mode in case only an opening area adjustment member blocks a part of exhalation hole.
- (B) is explanatory drawing which shows a mode when both an opening-closing mechanism and an opening area adjustment member block a part of exhalation hole.
- 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the input voltage V to the piezo element and the expiratory hole opening ratio S / S MAX in the case of FIG.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the configuration of a medical respiratory assistance device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the respiratory assistance device 10 includes a mask 13 having an exhalation hole 13a and an inhalation hole 13b, an inhalation pipe 12 inserted into the inhalation hole 13b, a supply source 11 that is provided in the inhalation pipe 12 and sends out inhalation gas, and a mask 13
- a barometer 14 for measuring the atmospheric pressure inside, an exhalation valve 15 provided in the mask 13 as an opening / closing mechanism of the exhalation hole 13a, and a plurality of extensibility provided around the exhalation hole 13a so as to protrude outside the exhalation path.
- a safety member 16 and a control unit 17 for comprehensively controlling the entire apparatus are provided.
- the mask 13 and the exhalation valve 15 form an opening / closing tool.
- the mask 13 is a wearing tool that covers the mouth and nose, and is used to partition the mouth and nose from the external space (partition member).
- the intake pipe 12 and the mask 13 communicate with each other through an intake hole 13b.
- the inspiratory path is formed by the inspiratory pipe 12, the inspiratory hole 13b, and the mask 13, and the expiratory path is formed by the mask 13 and the expiratory hole 13a.
- the mask 13 may be a wearing tool that covers either the mouth or the nose.
- the supply source 11 includes a gas tank 19 stored in a compressed state of a gas such as air or oxygen, an adjustment valve 20 that adjusts the flow rate of the gas delivered from the gas tank 19, and a gas flow rate adjusted by the adjustment valve 20. And a flow meter 21 for measuring.
- the regulating valve 20 is controlled based on the sensing data (measurement result, sensing signal) of the barometer 14 and the flow meter 21.
- the type of the adjusting valve 20 is not particularly limited, but an electric valve, an electromagnetic valve having a fast response speed, or the like can be used.
- the flow meter 21 outputs sensing data to the control unit 17.
- the intake pipe 12 is made of a resin bellows tube, forms a space integrally with the mask 13 attached to the patient, and serves as a path for the gas sent from the supply source 11.
- the air pressure in the intake pipe 12 coincides with the air pressure in the mask 13 attached to the patient in a steady state.
- the barometer 14 outputs sensing data to the control unit 17.
- the exhalation valve 15 functions as a check valve that releases the gas in the mask 13 to the outside of the mask 13 and prevents the backflow thereof by opening and closing the exhalation hole 13a formed in a slit shape.
- the plate-shaped exhalation valve 15 has a monomorph (unimorph) structure in which a piezo element (piezoelectric element) 15a that is displaced according to the amount of voltage applied is laminated on a metal plate 15b, and has a cantilever structure. It is a valve.
- the respiratory assistance device 10 includes a fixing member 22 that fixes one end of the exhalation valve 15 to the mask 13.
- the fixing member 22 is provided so as to stand up from the inner surface 13 f of the mask 13.
- the exhalation valve 15 is fixed to the mask 13 by the fixing member 22 in a posture standing from the inner surface 13f.
- the cantilever length of the exhalation valve 15 is preferably about 30 mm or more and 40 mm or less.
- the stroke by which the exhalation valve 15 is displaced is preferably 2 mm or more and 3 mm or less.
- the piezo element may have a double-supported beam structure.
- the piezo element 15a can be deformed between an extended state (see FIG. 2A) and a warped state (see FIG. 2B) depending on the level of the input voltage.
- the side surface 15m of the exhalation valve 15 In a state where the piezo element 15a is warped, the side surface 15m of the exhalation valve 15 is located on the opening surface of the exhalation hole 13a, so that the exhalation hole 13a is blocked.
- the side surface 15m of the exhalation valve 15 is disengaged from the exhalation hole 13a, so that the exhalation hole 13a is opened (see FIG. 2A).
- the exhalation valve 15 can be switched between a state in which the exhalation hole 13a is opened and a state in which the exhalation hole 13a is blocked by deformation of the piezo element 15a along the side surface 15m.
- the exhalation valve 15 has a state in which the exhalation hole 13a formed in the mask 13 is opened (hereinafter referred to as 1) (refer to FIG. 2A) due to the deformation of the piezo element 15a, and its side surface 15m.
- the state can be freely changed between a state in which the exhalation hole 13a is blocked by the side surface 15m (hereinafter referred to as a closed state) (see FIG. 2B).
- the side surface 15m of the exhalation valve 15 may slide on the inner surface 13f by deformation of the piezo element 15a along the side surface 15m.
- the inner surface 13f may be a flat surface or a curved surface.
- the piezo element 15a is warped when the voltage application is on, and is extended when the voltage application is off. Note that the piezo element 15a may be in an extended state when voltage application is on, and may be warped when voltage application is off. Further, although a monomorph structure is introduced as the exhalation valve 15, it is of course possible to adopt a bimorph structure in which two piezo elements are bonded together.
- the safety member 16 is provided on the mask 13.
- the safety member 16 is formed so as to protrude from the outer surface 13g of the mask 13, and is disposed so as to be scattered in the vicinity of the expiratory hole 13a.
- control unit 17 includes a CPU 24, a first storage medium 25, a second storage medium 26, a third storage medium 27, an input device 28, a display device 29, and an input / output interface. 30 and a bus 31.
- the CPU 24 is a so-called central processing unit, and implements various functions of the control unit 17 by executing various programs.
- the first storage medium 25 is a so-called RAM (Random Access Memory) and is used as a work area for the CPU 24.
- the second storage medium 26 is a so-called ROM (Read Only Memory) and stores a basic OS executed by the CPU 24.
- the third storage medium 27 includes a hard disk device with a built-in magnetic disk, a disk device that accommodates a CD, DVD, or BD, a non-volatile semiconductor flash memory device, and the like. Various programs executed by the CPU 24, and the like. Saved.
- the input device 28 is an input key, a keyboard, or a mouse, and inputs various information.
- the display device 29 is a display and displays various operation states.
- the input / output interface 30 inputs and outputs power and control signals for operating the exhalation valve 15. Further, the input / output interface 30 acquires data such as a program from an external personal computer.
- the bus 31 is a wiring that performs communication by integrally connecting the CPU 24, the first storage medium 25, the second storage medium 26, the third storage medium 27, the input device 28, the display device 29, the input / output interface 30, and the like. .
- FIG. 4 shows a functional configuration obtained by the CPU 24 executing a control program stored in the control unit 17.
- the control unit 17 includes a sensing unit 34, an exhalation valve control unit 35, and an adjustment valve control unit 36 as functional configurations.
- the sensing unit 34 always acquires the sensing data of the barometer 14 and transmits it to the exhalation valve control unit 35, and always acquires the sensing data of the barometer 14 and the flow meter 21 and transmits it to the adjustment valve control unit 36.
- the exhalation-valve control unit 35 refers to the sensing data of the barometer 14 and outputs a control signal based on the sensing data to the piezo element 15a.
- the regulating valve control unit 36 refers to the sensing data of the barometer 14 and the flow meter 21 and outputs a control signal based on the sensing data to the regulating valve 20. Thereby, a flow value can be made into a predetermined thing.
- the movement amount M of the distal end portion 15 h (see FIG. 6) of the exhalation valve 15 is directly proportional to the level of the control signal output from the exhalation valve control unit 35, that is, the magnitude of the input voltage V. Therefore, the distal end portion 15h of the exhalation valve 15 according to the input voltage V is increased to move in the direction D M1, tip 15h of the exhalation valve 15 according to the input voltage V is reduced to move in the direction D M2.
- the length L W of the width direction D W of the exhalation hole 13a is reduced toward the direction D M1 (see FIG. 7).
- the opening area of the expiratory hole 13a itself is represented by S MAX
- the area of the expiratory hole 13a that is not covered by the expiratory valve 15 is represented by S
- the opening ratio of the expiratory hole 13a is represented by S / S MAX. Then, the opening ratio of the expiratory hole 13a decreases nonlinearly as the input voltage V increases (see FIG. 8). That is, the slope of the graph of FIG. 8 is in the range of negative values and increases as the input voltage V increases.
- the control unit 17 controls the exhalation valve 15 based on the sensing data. That is, as shown in FIG. 9A, the control unit 17 operates the exhalation valve 15 to open the exhalation hole 13a. Exhaled air is discharged to the outside of the mask 13 through the expiratory hole 13a.
- the pressure in the mask 13 decreases due to the release of exhaled air to the outside of the mask 13.
- the pressure in the mask 13 is lowered, the lowered value is sensed by the barometer 14.
- Sensing data is output to the control unit 17.
- the control unit 17 controls the exhalation valve 15 based on the sensing data. That is, the control unit 17 operates the exhalation valve 15 to close the exhalation hole 13a. Thereby, a closed space is formed in the mask 13 and an intake operation is enabled.
- Sensing data is output to the control unit 17.
- the control unit 17 controls the supply source 11 based on the sensing data. That is, as shown in FIG. 9B, the control unit 17 opens the regulating valve 20 and sends out gas from the gas tank 19 as intake air. Thereafter, the pressure in the mask 13 increases. When the pressure in the mask 13 increases, the increased value is sensed by the barometer 14. Sensing data is output to the control unit 17.
- the control unit 17 controls the supply source 11 based on the sensing data. That is, the control unit 17 closes the regulating valve 20 and stops the gas being sent out from the gas tank 19 as intake air. Thereafter, the exhalation operation and the inhalation operation are repeated in the same manner.
- the deformation direction of the piezo element 15a is a direction away from the inner surface 13f and a direction approaching the inner surface 13f, it is almost parallel to the direction of the force generated by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the mask 13, so The piezoelectric element 15a is easily deformed by the force generated by the difference.
- the exhalation valve 15 is arranged so that the deformation direction of the piezo element 15a is oriented along the inner surface 13f, the deformation direction of the piezo element 15a is different between the inside and outside of the mask 13. It is almost perpendicular to the direction of the force generated by the pressure difference.
- the piezo element 15a is not easily deformed by the force generated by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the mask 13.
- the exhalation valve 15 has a rigidity sufficient to resist the pressure from the exhalation hole 13a.
- the piezo element may be used as the exhalation valve 15 itself, an increase in acquisition cost and processing cost can be avoided.
- the expiratory valve 15 having such a structure can be switched between an open state and a closed state, and an intermediate state in which a part of the expiratory hole 13a is closed.
- the length L W of the expiratory hole 13a in the width direction D W becomes smaller toward the direction DM1 , so that the expiratory ratio of the expiratory hole 13a is within a range where the expiratory ratio of the expiratory hole 13a is small. Compared with a range where the value is large, fine adjustment of the opening ratio of the expiratory hole 13a is facilitated.
- the exhalation valve 15 is arranged so that the deformation direction of the piezo element 15a is along the inner surface 13f, the deformation direction of the piezo element 15a is away from the inner surface 13f and the inner surface. Compared to the direction approaching 13f, it becomes easy to obtain the fully open state of the expiratory hole 13a with a small deformation amount of the piezo element 15a.
- the exhalation valve 15 includes the piezo element 15a, the endurance period is long compared to the case where an electromagnetic valve is employed as the exhalation valve, and is not easily broken.
- a patient with sleep apnea syndrome or the like can be used as a home ventilator.
- the exhalation valve 15 opens the exhalation hole 13a when the voltage application to the piezo element 15a is released. Therefore, even if the exhalation valve 15 does not operate due to a failure or the like, the exhalation valve 15 Since the valve 15 opens the exhalation hole 13a, an exhalation path can be secured.
- exhalation valve 15 is provided in the mask 13, it can be avoided that the exhalation valve 15 interferes with an object outside the mask 13.
- the exhalation valve 15 may be provided on the outer surface of the mask 13.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the length L W of the expiratory hole 13a in the width direction D W may be increased toward the direction D M1 .
- the slope of the graph shown in FIG. 11 is in a negative value range and decreases as the input voltage V increases.
- a plurality of exhalation holes 13 a that are separated by a predetermined interval in the direction D M1 and the direction D M2 may be provided in the mask 13.
- the exhalation valve 15 has a state in which all of the plurality of exhalation holes 13a are opened, a state in which some of the plurality of exhalation holes 13a are closed and the rest are opened, and all of the plurality of exhalation holes 13a. Switching between the closed state and the closed state is possible.
- the length L W of the plurality of breath holes 13a shown in FIG. 12 is larger according to any toward the direction D M1. In this case, the graph showing the relationship between the input voltage V and the opening ratio of the expiratory hole 13a (see FIG.
- the length L W of the plurality of breath holes 13a is, was greater toward the direction D M1, in the present invention, the length L W of the plurality of breath holes 13a, both It may be smaller as it goes in the direction DM1 .
- the length L W of the other hand among the plurality of breath holes 13a is greater toward the direction D M1, located on the downstream side in the other (direction D M1 the length L W of the exhalation hole) is smaller toward the direction D M1, it may be (see Figure 14).
- the graph showing the relationship between the input voltage V and the opening ratio of the expiratory hole 13a is a portion P1 in which the gradient is in a negative value range and decreases as the input voltage V increases.
- the accuracy of controlling the aperture ratio is individually set for each predetermined voltage range. Can be set to
- the shape of the exhalation hole 13a has a length L W of the width direction D W is decreased in the direction D M1, to increase in the direction D M2, from the closed position (see FIG. 16 (B))
- the profile of the change in aperture ratio differs between when moving to the first open position (see FIG. 16A) and when moving from the closed position to the second open position (see FIG. 16C). That is, it is possible to have different opening ratio change profiles. Further, a closing position is set between the first opening position and the second opening position. For this reason, in the state where the tip portion 15h is in the closed position, the profile of the change in aperture ratio can be selected using the input value of the input voltage V.
- the shape of the expiratory hole 13a is symmetric with respect to the axis extending in the width direction DW , it is possible to have different opening ratio change profiles, but the present invention is not limited to this. .
- the shape of the expiratory hole 13a may be symmetric with respect to an axis extending in the width direction DW . In such a case, two profiles with the same aperture ratio change can be provided.
- the opening / closing tool of the above embodiment uses the tip 15h of the deformable exhalation valve 15 as an opening / closing mechanism
- a valve provided at the distal end portion 15h of the deformable exhalation valve 15 may be used as an opening / closing mechanism. Examples of use in this case include the following.
- the opening and closing of the exhalation hole 13a in the normal state is performed on the low voltage side, that is, between the first open position and the closed position.
- the expiratory hole 13a can be opened.
- the opening / closing tool 50 as shown in FIG. 18 may be sufficient as the opening / closing tool of this invention.
- the opening / closing tool 50 includes a mask 13, a deformable member 51, an opening / closing mechanism 52 capable of opening and closing the exhalation hole 13a, and an opening area adjusting member 53 capable of adjusting the opening area of the exhalation hole 13a.
- the deformable member 51 corresponds to the exhalation valve 15 shown in FIG.
- the opening / closing mechanism 52 is movable on the exhalation hole 13 a along the inner surface 13 f.
- the surface on the inner surface 13f side of the opening / closing mechanism 52 has a shape and dimensions that can cover the opening surface of the expiratory hole 13a. Therefore, the opening / closing mechanism 52 is movable between a state where the exhalation hole 13a is opened (see FIG. 18A) and a state where the exhalation hole 13a is closed (see FIG. 18B).
- the opening area adjusting member 53 is also provided in the deformable member 51, the opening area adjusting member 53 is movable on the exhalation hole 13a along the inner surface 13f.
- the opening area adjusting member 53 is separated from the opening / closing mechanism 52 by a predetermined distance G. It is preferable that the size of the gap G is such that a part of the expiratory hole 13a is exposed instead of the whole (see FIG. 19).
- the opening / closing tool 50 As shown in FIGS. 18 to 19, in the opening / closing tool 50, the entire opening surface of the expiratory hole 13a is opened as the input voltage V from the expiratory valve control unit 35 increases (see FIG. 18A).
- the state in which only the opening area adjustment member 53 closes a part of the expiratory hole 13a see FIG. 19A
- both the opening / closing mechanism 52 and the opening area adjusting member 53 block a part of the expiratory hole 13a.
- the state is sequentially switched between a state (see FIG. 19B) and a state where the entire opening surface of the expiratory hole 13a is closed (see FIG. 18B).
- the opening / closing tool 50 switches sequentially in the reverse order.
- the graph (see FIG. 20) showing the relationship between the opening ratio of the expiratory hole 13a and the input voltage V has the decreasing function portions P1 and P3 and the increasing function portion P2.
- the profile of the change in the aperture ratio can be appropriately adjusted by the shape of the opening / closing mechanism 52, the opening area adjusting member 53, the shape of the expiratory hole 13a, and the interval G.
- the opening / closing mechanism 52 and the opening area adjusting member 53 are separated from each other.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the connecting member 55 is used to directly connect the opening / closing mechanism 52 and the opening area adjusting member 53. (See FIG. 21).
- the opening / closing mechanism 52 and the opening area adjusting member 53 may be integrated with the opening / closing mechanism 52, the opening area adjusting member 53, and the connecting member 55, respectively.
- the opening / closing mechanism 52 and the opening area adjusting member 53 are moved using one deforming member 51, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the opening / closing mechanism can be opened using one deforming member 51.
- the mechanism 52 may be moved, and the opening area adjusting member 53 may be moved using another deformation member 51.
- exhalation valves 15 may be used, and one tip portion 15h (see FIG. 6) may be an opening / closing mechanism, and the other tip portion 15h (see FIG. 6) may be an opening area adjusting member.
- the length L W of the width direction D W of one exhalation hole 13a is set to "aperture length", the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the sum of the lengths L W of the exhalation holes 13 a in the width direction D W may be defined as “opening length”.
- FIG. 22 illustrates the configuration of the respiratory assistance device 70 according to the second embodiment.
- the respiratory assistance device 70 includes the micropump 100 as the supply source 11, and includes only the mask 13 as the intake path. That is, the micropump 100 is directly connected to the mask 13.
- This micro pump 100 is proposed in Patent Document WO 2008/069266.
- FIG. 23A a primary blower chamber 101 and a secondary blower chamber 101 formed outside the primary blower chamber 101 are provided. And a blower chamber 102.
- the primary blower chamber 101 includes a piezoelectric element 103 serving as a vibration source, a diaphragm 104 to which the piezoelectric element 103 is fixed, and a vibration frame 105 that forms a space together with the diaphragm 104.
- the vibration frame 105 has an opening 106 that moves fluid inside and outside the primary blower chamber 101.
- the secondary blower chamber 102 has a suction port 107 on the diaphragm 104 side and a discharge port 108 so as to face the opening 106.
- the fluid moves between the primary blower chamber 101 and the secondary blower chamber 102, and the vibration frame 105 resonates due to the fluid resistance. Due to the resonance between the diaphragm 104 and the vibration frame 105, the fluid is sucked from the suction port 107 and discharged from the discharge port 108.
- This micro pump 100 is suitable for blower applications for conveying gas and can be transported without using a check valve.
- the micropump 100 has a box shape with an outer diameter of about 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 2 mm and is extremely small. However, when the input sine wave is 15 Vpp (Volt peak to peak) and 26 kHz, the maximum is about 1 L / min (static pressure). Air at 0 Pa) and a maximum static pressure of about 2 kPa (flow rate 0 L / min) can be obtained.
- the micropump 100 conveys the fluid by the vibration of the diaphragm 104 by the piezoelectric element 103, the volume of the fluid that can be conveyed is naturally limited, and this static pressure / flow rate characteristic is also shown in FIG. A straight line. That is, for example, when a static pressure of about 1 kPa is obtained, the flow rate is 0.5 L / min.
- the amplitude of the piezoelectric element 103 changes, so that the flow rate and pressure can be changed. That is, when Vpp of the input sine wave is changed smoothly, the flow rate and pressure can be changed smoothly.
- the frequency of the input sine wave is changed, the flow rate and pressure can be changed. That is, when the frequency of the input sine wave is changed smoothly, the flow rate and pressure can be changed smoothly.
- the flow rate and pressure have upper limits depending on the ability of the piezoelectric element 103, the strength of the member, and the durability. Usually used at rated Vpp and frequency.
- the respiratory assistance device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is needless to say that various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Moreover, you may apply the structural requirement of above-described embodiment to other embodiment in the possible range.
- opening / closing tool can be applied not only to opening / closing holes through which exhalation passes, but also to opening / closing holes through which fluid (gas or liquid) passes, and opening / closing holes through which a solid passes.
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Abstract
Description
また、前記第1位置から前記第3位置に向かう場合の前記流通孔の開口長さの変動プロファイルは、前記第1位置から前記第2位置に向かう場合の前記流通孔の開口長さの変動プロファイルと異なるこが好ましい。または、前記第1位置から前記第3位置に向かう場合の前記流通孔の開口長さの変動プロファイルは、前記第1位置から前記第2位置に向かう場合の前記流通孔の開口長さの変動プロファイルと同じであるとしてもよい。
Claims (16)
- 流通孔が開口した仕切面を有する仕切部材と、
前記流通孔の開閉を行う開閉機構と、を備え、
前記開閉機構は、前記流通孔の開口面積が互いに異なる第1位置と第2位置との間で、前記仕切面に沿って移動自在であり、
前記開閉機構の移動方向に直交する方向を幅方向と定義した際、前記幅方向における前記流通孔の開口長さは、前記第1位置から前記第2位置に向かって増大または減少することを特徴とする開閉具。 - 前記開閉機構が前記第1位置に位置する場合の前記流通孔の開口率が、前記開閉機構が前記第2位置に位置する場合に比べて小さく、
前記開閉機構の移動方向における前記流通孔の開口長さの変化割合は、前記第2位置よりも前記第1位置のほうが小さいことを特徴とする請求項1記載の開閉具。 - 前記仕切部材には、前記流通孔が複数設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の開閉具。
- 前記開閉機構は、複数の前記流通孔を同時に閉じることを特徴とする請求項3記載の開閉具。
- 前記開閉機構は、前記第1位置と前記第2位置と第3位置との間で移動自在であり、
前記第1位置は前記第2位置と前記第3位置との間に位置し、
前記第1位置では前記流通孔が閉じ、
前記第2位置及び前記第3位置では、前記流通孔が開いていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のうちいずれか1項記載の開閉具。 - 前記第1位置から前記第3位置に向かう場合の前記流通孔の開口長さの変動プロファイルは、前記第1位置から前記第2位置に向かう場合の前記流通孔の開口長さの変動プロファイルと異なることを特徴とする請求項5記載の開閉具。
- 前記第1位置から前記第3位置に向かう場合の前記流通孔の開口長さの変動プロファイルは、前記第1位置から前記第2位置に向かう場合の前記流通孔の開口長さの変動プロファイルと同じであることを特徴とする請求項5記載の開閉具。
- 前記開閉機構を保持するとともに自身の変形により前記開閉機構の移動を行う圧電素子と、
前記圧電素子の変形を制御するコントローラと、をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のうちいずれか1項記載の開閉具。 - 圧電素子と、
前記圧電素子の変形を制御するコントローラと、をさらに備え、
前記圧電素子の一部分が前記開閉機構であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし8のうちいずれか1項記載の開閉具。 - 前記開閉機構の移動量は、前記コントローラから前記圧電素子へ入力された信号のレベルに応じていることを特徴とする請求項8または9項記載の開閉具。
- 前記仕切面に沿って移動自在な開口面積調節部材をさらに備え、
前記開口面積調節部材と前記開閉機構との間には、前記流通孔の一部が露出する隙間が形成されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし10のうちいずれか1項記載の開閉具。 - 前記開口面積調節部材は前記開閉機構と連結していることを特徴とする請求項11記載の開閉具。
- 請求項1ないし12のうちいずれか1項記載の開閉具を有し、
前記仕切部材は、鼻または口を覆うためのマスクと、装着状態のマスク内に形成される空間と連通する連通管とから形成されることを特徴とする呼吸補助装置。 - 前記マスクに前記流通孔が形成されたことを特徴とする請求項13記載の呼吸補助装置。
- 前記連通管に前記流通孔が形成されたことを特徴とする請求項14記載の呼吸補助装置。
- 前記流通孔は、鼻または口から吐き出された呼気が通る呼気経路を形成することを特徴とする請求項13ないし15のうちいずれか1項記載の呼吸補助装置。
Priority Applications (3)
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CA2926772A CA2926772C (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-09-17 | Opening and closing device and respiratory assistance device |
EP14851791.5A EP3042683B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-09-17 | Opening and closing device and breathing assistance device |
US15/027,882 US20160220780A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-09-17 | Opening and closing device and respiratory assistance device |
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JP2013-213655 | 2013-10-11 | ||
JP2013213655A JP2015073830A (ja) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | 開閉具及び呼吸補助装置 |
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EP (1) | EP3042683B1 (ja) |
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MX2018006874A (es) | 2015-12-10 | 2019-10-07 | ResMed Pty Ltd | Metodos y aparatos para tratamiento respiratorio. |
DE102016013740A1 (de) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-17 | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | System zum Beatmen von Patienten |
GB201901526D0 (en) * | 2019-02-04 | 2019-03-27 | Camcon Medical Ltd | A valve actuation assembly and a system for controlling a supply of gas for inhalation by a user |
JP2022143893A (ja) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-10-03 | セイコーホールディングス株式会社 | バルブモジュール、バルブ制御プログラム及びバルブ制御方法 |
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JP2015073830A (ja) | 2015-04-20 |
EP3042683B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EP3042683A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
CA2926772A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
EP3042683A4 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
US20160220780A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
CA2926772C (en) | 2018-02-27 |
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