WO2015044623A1 - Dispositif de pression de gaz directionnel amélioré - Google Patents

Dispositif de pression de gaz directionnel amélioré Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015044623A1
WO2015044623A1 PCT/GB2013/052545 GB2013052545W WO2015044623A1 WO 2015044623 A1 WO2015044623 A1 WO 2015044623A1 GB 2013052545 W GB2013052545 W GB 2013052545W WO 2015044623 A1 WO2015044623 A1 WO 2015044623A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas pressure
pressure device
directional gas
collar
directional
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2013/052545
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Philip ROUTLEDGE
David Proctor
Original Assignee
Controlled Blasting Solutions Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Controlled Blasting Solutions Limited filed Critical Controlled Blasting Solutions Limited
Priority to PCT/GB2013/052545 priority Critical patent/WO2015044623A1/fr
Priority to CA2925746A priority patent/CA2925746A1/fr
Priority to AU2013401405A priority patent/AU2013401405A1/en
Priority to US15/026,147 priority patent/US20160231091A1/en
Publication of WO2015044623A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015044623A1/fr
Priority to ZA2016/02955A priority patent/ZA201602955B/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/04—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive for producing gas under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to directional gas pressure devices, typically for use in the breaking of rock or concrete, and in particular to a directional gas pressure device that does not require backfilling with sand or other sealants.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of breaking rock from a face (a mine face or quarry face) using a directional gas pressure device of the invention.
  • High explosives are widely used for breaking rock during quarrying and mining, and in demolition. Whilst explosives are effective, they are not particularly efficient in terms of their energy use, they are dangerous and hence are subject to specific regulation relating to their use, storage and transport. Where explosives are used for demolition, it is necessary to clear a large area around the site because of the distance both large and small particles are dispersed by explosive material. Where explosives are used in underground mines the whole mine must be cleared of personnel during blasting. Further, it is necessary to allow a certain period of time to elapse following blasting because of the possibility of rockfalls, and where blasting takes place underground, the existence of dangerous gases.
  • High explosives have detonation speeds in the order of 6000 to 9000 metres per second which induces a shock wave in rock, thereby breaking it.
  • high explosives may limit the depth of rock which may be removed during one blasting episode. This is because if the charge is placed too deeply beyond the surface of the rock back fractures may occur, making the mine or quarry unsafe. In such applications it is generally considered that high explosive charges should not be placed more than 1.2m beyond the rock face.
  • An alternative to splitting rock with explosive is the directional gas pressure system.
  • a hole is bored in a rock and a directional gas pressure device is inserted therein.
  • the bore is backfilled with sand or another suitable sealant.
  • a chemical reaction is started which evolves a large volume of gas.
  • the pressure within the bore builds up and is relieved by the rock splitting.
  • the detonation speed of the pyrotechnic charges used in directional gas pressure devices is in the order of 40 to 60 metres per second. These devices do not create a shock wave. Therefore, it is possible to locate such devices further from the rock surface, thereby allowing a greater quantity of material to be removed from the face during one blasting episode.
  • the directional gas pressure system is more efficient than explosive charges in terms of the amount of energy released to split a rock or demolish a building or structure. For example, when using the directional gas pressure system compared to an explosive charge, significantly less dust is produced. This has two benefits. First, it is possible to work in closer proximity to rock being broken using the directional gas pressure system than it is where explosive charges are used. In the case of an underground mine, generally the whole mine would be cleared whilst blasting is taking place, whereas where the directional gas pressure system is used work can continue much closer to the area where rock is being broken. Another benefit of the directional gas pressure system is that the charges are intrinsically much safer than explosives. Their classification and rules relating to their use reflect this. A further benefit of this system is that they create much less noise than high explosives and do not cause problematic emissions of toxic gases.
  • the directional gas pressure device is inserted into a bore and the bore backfilled with sand or another suitable sealant material.
  • Back filling with sand is inexpensive in terms of materials, but requires labour and a supply of sand where the rock is being broken.
  • sand may only be used where the direction of the bore is inclined above the horizontal, otherwise the sand may run out of the bore, in which case the rock would not be broken and the directional gas pressure device would not be safe.
  • the consistency of the sand used in stemming is critical. For example, if the sand is too dry or too wet a 'blow out' may occur. A blow out may also occur if the sand grains are too big or of inconsistent shape.
  • Gas pressure devices that require stemming agents can only be used where a bore of sufficient depth can be formed. For example, where a gas pressure device of 30mm length is to be used, this must be packed with a 1 metre depth of stemming agent. Hence, such a gas pressure device cannot be used to break a relatively narrow concrete component of a building, such as a concrete girder.
  • United Kingdom patent application published under number 2341917 describes a directional gas pressure device of the type described above.
  • a rock breaking cartridge is described in US 2008/0047455.
  • the charge is housed in a tube which is closed at one end by a cap.
  • the mid part of the tube is filled with stemming material (such as sand) and the other end is closed by a pair of wedges.
  • stemming material such as sand
  • the device may be used without the intermediary filler, in which case the device is held in the bore by the wedges which are forced further apart by the gas pressure within the device.
  • Patent application no CA 2060288 describes a machine which uses multiple cutting blades to cut away material from a face.
  • Such machines may not be used in all situations, require the installation of rails and other infrastructure, and are very expensive.
  • patent application no WO97/21068 describes a vehicle adapted to drill bores in a material face and insert explosive charges.
  • the directional gas pressure device described in GB2468133 describes a directional gas pressure device that does not require backfilling with sand.
  • the directional gas pressure device described in GB2468133 represents a significant step forward insofar as no backfilling is required. Not only does this remove a step and therefore reduce labour and cost, but the directional gas pressure can also be used effectively when oriented in the horizontal plane, whereas devices requiring backfilling are known to not function well in such an orientation.
  • a directional gas pressure device comprising a body having openings at each end thereof, a closure member for each end thereof, a tie member extending through the body, the closure members being attached to the tie member, wherein the closure members are adapted to increase in size upon detonation of a pyrotechnic charge material contained within the body.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a directional gas pressure device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the directional gas pressure device illustrated in Figure 1 with a cover thereof opened;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a component of the directional gas pressure device illustrated in Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of another component of the directional gas pressure device illustrated in Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of end seals of the directional gas pressure device illustrated in Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an encasing component in a closed configuration
  • Figure 7a is a schematic representation of lower collar elements of the directional gas pressure device illustrated in Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 7b is a schematic representation of upper collar elements of the directional gas pressure device illustrated in Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of the encasing component illustrated in Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a device according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a part of the device illustrated in Figure 9.
  • the device 1 comprises a tube member 2, end caps 3, 3', collars 4, bosses 6, 6' and a cover 5.
  • the tube member 2 is illustrated in greater detail in Figure 4 and comprises a chamber 2c formed by wall members 2a, 2b.
  • the wall member 2a is curved and is of constant radius, the ends of the wall member 2a intersecting the wall member 2b.
  • the wall member 2b comprises two substantially parallel sides 2b' joined together by a substantially semi-circular end portion 2b".
  • the sides 2b' and the semicircular end portion 2b" together define a slot 2d extending axially along the tube member 2.
  • the inner surface of the wall member 2a and the outer surface of the wall member 2b together provide a chamber 2c, the ends of which are open.
  • FIGS 5a and 5b illustrate end caps 3, which are adapted to engage with and close the open ends of the tube member 2.
  • Each of the end caps 3 includes a lip portion 3a and axially extending walls 3b, 3c forming a tube engaging portion.
  • Each of these portions has a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the chamber 2c of the tube 2.
  • the walls 3b, 3c of the tube engaging portion have an external dimension corresponding to the internal dimension of the chamber 2c of tube 2, such that the end cap 3 is a push fit in the chamber 2c.
  • the lip 3a limits the extent to which the end cap 3 may be pressed into the chamber 2c.
  • the end cap 3 includes stiffening elements 3f extending between the walls 3b and 3c of the tube engaging portion and resist forces acting on the wall 3b to collapse the said wall.
  • the end cap 3 illustrated in Figure 5b differs from the end cap 3 illustrated in Figure 5a in that the end cap 3 illustrated in Figure 5b includes a slot 3e, which is provided to receive the wire(s) of an electrical initiator. When an electric current is passed through the initiator, the pyrotechnic material is heated and a chemical reaction evolving gas initiated.
  • FIG. 7a and 7b in each of these Figures there is illustrated a collar element 4, which in the illustrated example is substantially semi-circular in cross-section. Whilst the collar elements 4 are semi-circular, they could be of different shape, and there may be more collar elements 4.
  • the collar elements 4 illustrated in the respective figures being arranged to co-operate with one another.
  • the collar element 4 of Figure 7a comprises an substantially flat end face 4a including a first detent 4b of substantially semi-circular cross section, and a second detent 4c of substantially square cross-section, both having an open edge.
  • the outer surface of each collar element 4 is provided with a slot 4d extending circumferentially around the said outer surface.
  • the collar element 4 illustrated in Figure 7a includes bores 4f situated in a wall 4e of the collar element 4.
  • the bores 4f are configured to receive protrusions in the form of pegs 4f of the collar element 4 illustrated in Figure 7b.
  • the pegs 4f are a push fit into the bores 4f.
  • Each collar element 4 includes a sloping surface 4g. The function of this sloping surface is described below.
  • a rod member 6 supporting a boss 6, 6' at each end thereof.
  • the bosses 6, 6' are joined together by a stem 6e.
  • the boss 6 and boss 6' are both frusto-conical in shape providing a sloping wall 6a, 6a' extending around the boss.
  • the boss 6' mounts a T-shaped member 6b extending from the end face of said boss 6'.
  • the member 6b includes a stem 6c.
  • the function of the T-shaped member 6b is to provide a means by which a line may be tied to the device, allowing it to be retrieved in the event of a mis-fire.
  • the boss 6' also includes a detent 6d extending parallel with the longitudinal axis of the rod member 6.
  • a cover 5 which secures the component parts of the device together is best appreciated from Figures 2, 6 and 8.
  • the cover 5 includes first and second elements 5a, 5b attached together by a hinge 5f, the first and second elements 5a, 5b and the hinge 5f being formed of a single plastics moulding in the present example.
  • Protrusions 5e extend inwardly of the inner surface of first and second elements 5a, 5b at each end thereof. In the illustrated example, these protrusions extend circumferentially around the first and second elements 5a, 5b.
  • the inner surface of the first element 5a is provided with additional protrusions 5e" extending in the axial direction of the cover 5.
  • the protrusions 5e are so shaped and dimensioned as to engage with the slot 4d of the collar element 4 and prevent any relative movement between the collar elements 4 and the cover 5.
  • the protrusions 5e' are so shaped and dimensioned as to engage with the slot 4c of the collar element 4.
  • the cover 5 includes a tamper proof fastening arrangement comprising protrusions 5c extending from the free edge of the first element 5a which are configured to engage with recesses 5d located proximate the free edge of the second element 5b.
  • the protrusions 5c are of the type that cannot be released from the recesses 5d without fracturing at least one of the protrusion 5c, the recess 5d or a part of one of the first and second elements 5a, 5b.
  • an end cap 3 is fitted to one end of the tube member 2.
  • the chamber 2c of the tube member 2 is then filled with pyrotechnic material, typically in powder form. Once filled, the other end of the tube member 2 is closed by a cap 3.
  • a pair of co-operating collar elements 4 is mounted on the rod member 6 at each end thereof such that the sloping surface 4g of the collar element 4 engages with the correspondingly sloped surface 6a, 6a' of the boss 6, 6' of said rod member.
  • the collar elements 4 are pressed together so that pegs 4f engage with the bores 4f.
  • the assembly is then placed within a part of the cover 5, which is then closed to secured the assembled components together.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 does not include the cover 5.
  • the tube member 2 is held in place without aid of a cover 5.
  • the stem 6e comprises four ribs 6e' extending at ninety degrees to one another.
  • the end cap 3 includes a detent 3g which one of the ribs 6e' of the stem 6e engages.
  • the end cap 3 also includes protrusions 3h. Two of the ribs 6e' engage with these protrusions.
  • the slot 2d is aligned with the stem 6e, which is pushed into the slot 2d with one of the ribs 6e' aligned with the detent 3g of end caps 3, 3'.
  • the two ribs 6e' extending perpendicular to the rib 6e' aligned with the detent 3g will first engage one side of the protrusions 3h and will then ride over those protrusions as the stem 6e is pushed further into the slot 2d. The ribs 6e' then engage the other side of the protrusions 3h, securing the stem 6e in position in the tube member 2.
  • the collar elements 4, 4' are joined together by a hinge 4h, which is preferably a live hinge formed during the moulding process which forms the collar elements 4, 4', that is element of plastics material joining the two collar elements and permitting pivoting therebetween.
  • the walls 4e distal from the hinge of the collar elements 4, 4' are provided with co-operating holes 4f and pegs 4f respectively.
  • a hole is bored in a rock face for instance and the device inserted into the hole.
  • An electric current is passed through the electrical initiator to initiate the pyrotechnic material contained within the tube member 2. Gas released from the pyrotechnic material and a force is therefore exerted on the end caps 3, the force pushing the end caps 3 axially out of the tube member 2.
  • movement of the end caps 3 in the axial direction is constrained by the collars 4, the sloping surfaces of which co-operate with the sloping surface of the bosses 6, 6'.
  • the collars 4 are pushed outward against the wall of the hole into which the device has been inserted. The movement of the collars 4 and end caps 3 is not sufficient to allow the end caps to release from the tube member 2, these components being held in place by the stem 6e of the rod member 6.
  • the directional gas pressure device of the invention offers significant advantages over those of the prior art, including that described in GB2468133. Not only is the device of the invention less costly to manufacture, because there is no need to provide any threaded elements or fasten together threaded elements, but the device allows filling with pyrotechnic material to take place separately of assembly of the device. This is a major step forward, since it allows factories already set up to fill pyrotechnic materials to do so without having to engage in assembly of the more complex aspects of the device. Conversely, the device of the invention allows another party not necessarily concerned with filling pyrotechnic material to assemble filled tubes and the other components of the device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de pression de gaz directionnel (1), qui comprend un corps ayant une fente allongée (2) s'étendant dans la direction axiale du corps, le corps comportant une chambre ayant une ouverture (2c) dans au moins une extrémité de celle-ci ; au moins un élément de fermeture (3) conçu pour s'accoupler à l'au moins une ouverture de ladite chambre ; un élément d'attache comprenant un élément allongé (6) et espacé des éléments de butée. La fente allongée du corps est conçue pour recevoir l'élément allongé de l'élément d'attache.
PCT/GB2013/052545 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 Dispositif de pression de gaz directionnel amélioré WO2015044623A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2013/052545 WO2015044623A1 (fr) 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 Dispositif de pression de gaz directionnel amélioré
CA2925746A CA2925746A1 (fr) 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 Dispositif de pression de gaz directionnel ameliore
AU2013401405A AU2013401405A1 (en) 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 Improved directional gas pressure device
US15/026,147 US20160231091A1 (en) 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 Improved directional gas pressure device
ZA2016/02955A ZA201602955B (en) 2013-09-30 2016-05-03 Improved directional gas pressure device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2013/052545 WO2015044623A1 (fr) 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 Dispositif de pression de gaz directionnel amélioré

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015044623A1 true WO2015044623A1 (fr) 2015-04-02

Family

ID=49515397

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2013/052545 WO2015044623A1 (fr) 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 Dispositif de pression de gaz directionnel amélioré

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20160231091A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2013401405A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2925746A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015044623A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201602955B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111238329A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-05 何满潮 采用瞬时胀裂器对半煤岩巷进行几何成型爆破的方法
CN111692934A (zh) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-22 何满潮 周边眼采用单裂面瞬时胀裂器掘进巷道的方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2060288A1 (fr) 1991-01-30 1992-07-31 Timothy Patrick Gerard Addison Abattage non explosif
WO1997021068A1 (fr) 1995-12-06 1997-06-12 Denel (Proprietary) Limited Procede de rupture, d'eclatement ou de fractionnement de roches
GB2341917A (en) 1998-09-22 2000-03-29 Townley Malyon Raymond Non explosive rock and concrete breaking system
WO2005071349A1 (fr) * 2004-01-26 2005-08-04 Nxco International Limited Cartouche de derochement et son utilisation
WO2006063369A2 (fr) 2004-12-08 2006-06-15 Nxco International Limited Cartouche de fragmentation de roche
GB2468133A (en) 2009-02-26 2010-09-01 Phil Routledge Directional gas pressure device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2060288A1 (fr) 1991-01-30 1992-07-31 Timothy Patrick Gerard Addison Abattage non explosif
WO1997021068A1 (fr) 1995-12-06 1997-06-12 Denel (Proprietary) Limited Procede de rupture, d'eclatement ou de fractionnement de roches
GB2341917A (en) 1998-09-22 2000-03-29 Townley Malyon Raymond Non explosive rock and concrete breaking system
WO2005071349A1 (fr) * 2004-01-26 2005-08-04 Nxco International Limited Cartouche de derochement et son utilisation
US20080047455A1 (en) 2004-01-26 2008-02-28 Edward Walenty Tota Rock Breaking Cartridge and Use Thereof
WO2006063369A2 (fr) 2004-12-08 2006-06-15 Nxco International Limited Cartouche de fragmentation de roche
GB2468133A (en) 2009-02-26 2010-09-01 Phil Routledge Directional gas pressure device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111238329A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-05 何满潮 采用瞬时胀裂器对半煤岩巷进行几何成型爆破的方法
CN111692934A (zh) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-22 何满潮 周边眼采用单裂面瞬时胀裂器掘进巷道的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2013401405A1 (en) 2016-05-19
US20160231091A1 (en) 2016-08-11
CA2925746A1 (fr) 2015-04-02
ZA201602955B (en) 2017-07-26

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