WO2015043941A1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zur bestimmung der alterung eines elektronischen unterbrechungselements, insbesondere eines leistungsschützes - Google Patents
Verfahren und einrichtung zur bestimmung der alterung eines elektronischen unterbrechungselements, insbesondere eines leistungsschützes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015043941A1 WO2015043941A1 PCT/EP2014/069124 EP2014069124W WO2015043941A1 WO 2015043941 A1 WO2015043941 A1 WO 2015043941A1 EP 2014069124 W EP2014069124 W EP 2014069124W WO 2015043941 A1 WO2015043941 A1 WO 2015043941A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- current
- aging
- determining
- electronic
- interruption element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/50—Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0259—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
- G05B23/0283—Predictive maintenance, e.g. involving the monitoring of a system and, based on the monitoring results, taking decisions on the maintenance schedule of the monitored system; Estimating remaining useful life [RUL]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
Definitions
- Interruption element in particular a power contactor prior art
- the invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the aging of an electronic interruption element configured to open and close a circuit.
- the invention also relates to a computer program and a
- DE 10 2008 018 709 B4 shows a method for storing and reading the number of switching cycles of electromagnetic switching devices. In this case, a total number of switching cycles is read and checked by a decision unit, whether the total number of switching cycles is greater than a device-specific parameter or a transfer value. Disclosure of the invention
- a method for determining the aging of an electronic interruption element which is set up to open and close a circuit comprising the following steps: a) initializing an aging counter N wea r,
- Simple counting of the switching cycles can not map the actual aging of the electronic interruption element, such as circuit breakers, relays or contactors.
- the number of switching cycles is not simply counted, but the aging of the electronic interruption element is accurately modeled by turn-on operations.
- the steps b) to d) are therefore preferred at each opening of the electronic interruption element
- the method is particularly suitable for electronic interruption elements, which are used in circuits in which when opening the electronic
- Interrupting element usually flows a current.
- the contacts are more heavily loaded than by the mechanical load alone, which can lead to premature failure of the electronic breaker and thus to significant safety issues.
- For the aging of the electronic interruption element is largely responsible for the current through the contacts, and thus primarily the current when opening the electronic interruption element. The further the aging of the electronic breaker has progressed, the more likely is the partial or total failure of the electronic breaker
- a failure of the electronic interruption element may be configured such that the contacts become sticky, i. that it remains closed at one opening, although the electronic interruption element should open the contacts.
- the measures of the invention is advantageously achieved that the electronic interruption element can open the circuit at any time, whereby critical situations are avoided.
- Refreshing the aging counter N wea r may also be referred to as an update.
- the determined aging value N wea r (I) is added to the aging counter N wear at each opening.
- the aging counter N wear thus forms a kind
- N wear (I) are of greater importance than at the beginning.
- Functional relationship in the consideration of the time component can follow a staircase function, but also be linear, polynomial or exponential.
- a major application of the method is in hybrid and electric vehicles in which a first component, such as a battery pack, is connected by power contactors to other components such as a drive, an auxiliary generator, a charging plug, and so on.
- the other components are fed via a device which generates from the battery voltage of a single- or multi-phase AC voltage or a clocked DC voltage. Opening the circuit means the electronic
- a reference number N meC h is known for the electronic break element indicating a number of openings and / or closures of the electronic break element.
- the reference number N meC h may be provided by manufacturers of the electronic interruption element and indicates a lifetime for the electronic interruption element .
- the reference number N meC h for example, data sheets of electronic interruption elements can be removed . It is particularly advantageous if the current-dependent aging value N wea r (I) by dividing the
- N meC h is determined by a number N bre ak (I), which indicates a number of safe possible openings for a defined current in the circuit.
- the values of N bre ak (I) may, for example, be in the form of a calculable functional dependence or in tabular form, an example of which is shown in Table 1.
- N meC h is 1,000,000 in this example.
- the table shows, by way of example, seven current ranges, namely a first range for a so-called zero-current opening at 0 A, a second range for openings at currents between 0 and 15 A, a third range for openings at currents between 15 and 150 A, a fourth range Range for openings at currents between 150 and 300 A, a fifth range for openings at currents between 300 and 500 A, a sixth range for openings at currents between 500 and 1, 000 A and a seventh range for openings at currents between 1 .000 and 1, 600 A.
- N meC h is set to 1 million openings in this example. It is clear that instead of seven areas, equally well fewer or more areas may be provided and that their number and limits may be the result of field tests, calculations and / or indications from the manufacturer.
- the method comprises the following further steps: e) determining the amount AU of a voltage difference which occurs at a
- the method is particularly suitable for electronic interruption elements, which are used in circuits in which when closing the electronic
- Interrupt element a voltage difference across the electronic
- Interruption element is present.
- the steps e) to g) are preferably carried out at each closing of the circuit.
- Interruption element when closing the circuit amplified under tension is a so-called contact bounce when closing.
- contact bounce When contact bouncing the contact is not immediately closed, but due to the elasticity of the materials, the contact springs back briefly after closing, with an opening takes place under current flow.
- the current through the contact is responsible for the aging, which is to be overcome when opening the contactor, but that the second factor, namely the current flow when closing the contacts, is an option, the statement about the Aging the electronic interruption element to make more accurate.
- the measures of the invention it is now possible to count these influences of the closures of the interruption element in the determination of the aging of the electronic interruption element.
- a major use case are circuits that are pre-charged via a capacitor. It was recognized that, in the case that when connecting the electronic
- Equalizing currents when switching on the electronic interruption element load the contacts of the electronic interruption element stronger than the mechanical loads alone and can for a premature failure of the electronic
- a reference number N meCh is known for the electronic interruption element indicating a number of openings and / or closures of the electronic interruption element.
- the reference number N meCh indicates a manufacturer-side life for the electronic interruption element and is for example data sheets of electronic interruption elements , such as circuit breakers, relays or Protect, removable.
- the voltage-dependent aging value N wea r ( ⁇ ) is determined by dividing the reference number N meCh by a number N make (AU), which indicates a voltage-dependent number of openings and / or closures of the electronic interruption element.
- the values of N make (AU) may, for example, be in the form of a calculable functional dependency or in tabular form, an example of which is shown in Table 2.
- N meCh is in this
- five ranges are given for the voltage to be bridged when closing, with a first range between 0 V and 5 V in the case of dead or almost zero-voltage closing, a second range between 5 V and more than 10 V, a third range for the Close between 10V and 100V and a fourth range for closing between 100V and 400V to be defined.
- a first range between 0 V and 5 V in the case of dead or almost zero-voltage closing
- a second range between 5 V and more than 10 V
- a third range for the Close between 10V and 100V
- a fourth range for closing between 100V and 400V to be defined.
- the determination of the number N make (AU) takes into account a capacitance of a capacitor and / or a magnitude of the resistance in the circuit.
- the load of a breaker element with a large capacitor for example, in capacitors greater than 100 F, more than 500 F or more than 1 mF and low resistance is significantly greater because high compensation currents flow, such as short-term currents of a few hundred amps.
- Interrupt element are calculated for each individual switching cycle. Particularly advantageous is a life limit N E oi_ the electronic
- the life limit N E OL is determined, for example, by subtracting the age value N br eak (lEOLmax), which will result at the final opening at a defined current value l E oLmax, from the reference number Nmech, which indicates the manufacturer-end life for the electronic interrupt element.
- Interruption element is not prematurely replaced and that it is only used as long as it is able to safely disconnect the component in question.
- the procedure allows to estimate at any time that the electronic
- safety here and generally in the context of the invention means that the behavior of the component can be expected by means of test series, test seals or the like, and / or that the use of the component within the specified limits is permitted by law. If the decision is negative, then a controlling software or, for example, a
- Battery management system decide that the component is not switched on first.
- an action is triggered at the moment when the aging counter N wea r reaches or exceeds the life limit N E oi_ of the electronic interruption element.
- the action may generate an error message in case of
- Electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle an indication to the driver or the
- the vehicle is placed in a so-called limp home mode in which, for example, the engine speed is limited or it is converted in a hybrid vehicle to pure engine operation. In this way it is achieved that the electronic interruption element only in
- the electronic interruption element is for example a load switch, a relay or a transistor, preferably a power contactor, which can be used in particular for a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
- the method is used in electronic interruption elements, which are designed for use at high currents, in particular at currents greater than 10 A, 20 A or 50 A. In these cases, the current-dependent wear of the interruption element is to be particularly considered.
- Use of the method is particularly suitable for batteries used in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. The requirements for these batteries include, for example, that they should deliver between 50 and 600 V voltage. Examples of suitable battery types include all types of lithium-ion batteries.
- the terms "battery" and "battery system" are used herein
- a computer program is also proposed according to which one of the methods described herein is performed when the computer program is executed on a programmable computer device.
- the computer program can be, for example, a module for implementing a device for determining the aging of an electronic interruption element and / or a
- the computer program can be stored on a machine-readable storage medium, such as on a
- the computer program may be provided for download on a computing device, such as on a server, e.g. about one
- Circuit to open and close means for determining the amount I of a current when opening the circuit by the electronic
- Interrupting element flows, means for determining a current-dependent aging value N wea r (I) from the amount I of the current, which is at an opening of the Circuit through the electronic interruption element flows and means for accumulating the determined current-dependent aging values N wea r (I) -
- the device for determining the aging of the electronic interruption element has a device that can determine the current flow even if the current outside the measuring range for the built-in
- Current sensor is located. This can be done in such a way that a device for determining the voltage of a voltage source is provided, and the device is set up, the amount I of the current flowing through the electronic interrupting element when the circuit is opened, from the voltage across the voltage source and known or estimated internal resistance of the voltage source to determine.
- the voltage source corresponds to the battery system.
- the battery system In case of
- the device for determining the aging of the electronic interruption element has a device for determining the amount AU of a voltage which is present at a closing of the circuit above the electronic interruption element and a device for determining a
- a battery management system comprises such a device for determining the aging of an electronic interruption element and / or is set up to carry out one of the methods described above.
- the battery management can also be set up to determine the battery current and the voltage of individual battery cells, individual modules or the entire battery, as well as their temperature, and also be configured to determine the state of charge of the battery cells (SOC, State of Charge) To determine battery cells (SOH, State of Health) and the allowable battery power.
- SOC State of Charge
- SOH State of Health
- Battery management system be set up to protect the battery cells by switching off the system or by issuing a shutdown instruction.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit with an electronic interruption element
- Figure 2 shows a circuit with two electronic interruption elements
- Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams indicating the number of sure possible openings, or closures depending on current and voltage.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit 1 with an electronic interruption element 6, which is set up to separate a voltage source 15, for example a battery, from an electrical component 4.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 7 for determining the current which is generated when the circuit is opened by the electronic circuit
- Interrupting element 6 flows, which to a device 8 for determining a Current-dependent aging value N wea r (I) from the amount of current flowing through the electronic interrupting element 6 is opened when opening the circuit.
- the device 8 for determining the current-dependent aging value N wea r (I) can
- the device 8 for determining the current-dependent aging value N wea r ( ⁇ ) is connected to a device 12 for refreshing an aging counter N wea r, which in the illustrated
- Embodiment is also a component of the battery management system 9.
- the device 13 for determining the endurance limit N E oi_ of the electronic interruption element 6 is set up by subtracting an age value N brea k (lEoi_ ma x) from a reference number N meC h the life for the electronic interrupting element 6 indicate that a final opening at a defined current value lEoi_ ma x is feasible.
- Device 12 for refreshing an aging counter N wear receives data and / or measured values, is set up to trigger an action when the aging counter N wear exceeds the life limit N E oi_.
- the action may include, for example, issuing an error message, an indication to the driver of a vehicle, an elimination of the affected component or a prevention of vehicle start or a limp home operating state of the vehicle.
- Figure 1 also shows a device 1 6 for determining a voltage across the
- the data and / or measured values of the device 8 provides for the determination of the current.
- the device 8 is arranged according to this preferred embodiment, to determine the current flow from the voltage waveform at the voltage source 1 5, even if the current is outside the measuring range of the device 7 for determining the current. In the case of exceeding the measuring range of the device 7, the device 8 calculates the current from the known internal resistance of the battery system and the voltage across the voltage source 1 5.
- FIG. 2 shows a precharging circuit for an electrical component 4.
- the circuit 1 has, in addition to the first interrupting element 6 shown in FIG. 1, a further electronic interrupting element 2.
- the circuit also includes a pre-charge resistor 3 and a capacitor 5.
- the element 2 is first closed and the capacitor 5 is brought via the pre-charge resistor 3 with a low current to the same voltage level. Then, the element 6 can make the connection low impedance.
- the electrical component 4 usually reduces its
- the electronic circuit shown in FIG. 2 with the device for determining the aging of the electronic interruption element 6 also has a device 10 for determining the amount AU of a voltage difference that occurs during the
- the device 10 for determining the amount AU of the voltage difference is connected to a
- Device 1 1 for determining a voltage-dependent aging value N wea r (AU) coupled, which from the amount AU of the voltage difference, which is applied when closing the circuit above the electronic interruption element, the
- Determination of the voltage-dependent aging value N wea r is connected to the device 12 for refreshing the aging counter N wea r and provides this data and / or measured values.
- the device 7 for determining the current flowing through the electronic interrupting element 6 when the circuit is opened is in turn provided to the device 8 for determining the current-dependent aging value N wear (I) from the magnitude of the current when opening the circuit through the electronic
- Interrupting element 6 flows, is coupled.
- the means 8 for determining the current-dependent aging value N wear (I) may be a component of the
- N wear (AU) is connected to the device 12 for refreshing an aging counter N wear , and provides this data and / or measured values. Furthermore, the means for determining the aging of the electronic interruption element 6, the means 13 for determining the life limit of the electronic interruption element 6, and the further means 14 for
- the illustrated embodiment may again advantageously have the device 16 described with reference to FIG. 1 for determining the voltage across the battery 15, which is not shown.
- the device 8 is again set up to determine the current flow from the voltage profile on the battery system if the current lies outside the measuring range of the device 7 for determining the current.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 dependencies corresponding to the values given in Tables 1 and 2 are shown on double logarithmic paper.
- the selected data points are again to be understood as examples.
- Such diagrams can serve to provide functional dependencies, for example by interpolating the given points appropriately, for example step-wise or also linearly.
- a correct functional relationship can also be the result of test series.
- the data points given may, for example, be taken from a data sheet of a power contactor, for example a power contactor, which should be designed for a 400 V HV voltage.
- the method is illustrated by a short calculation example, wherein the
- interruption element should open at the end of its life at a current of 1,600 A, which means that only two interruptions are safely possible with such a high current flow.
- the following events may occur:
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/024,963 US10101394B2 (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-09 | Method and apparatus for determining the aging of an electronic interrupter element, in particular of a power contactor |
| CN201480052328.6A CN105580055B (zh) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-09 | 用于确定电子中断元件尤其是功率接触器的老化的方法和装置 |
| JP2016516974A JP6185658B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-09 | 電子式遮断要素、特に接触器の劣化を決定するための方法及び装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013219243.6 | 2013-09-25 | ||
| DE102013219243.6A DE102013219243B4 (de) | 2013-09-25 | 2013-09-25 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Alterung eines elektronischen Unterbrechungselements, insbesondere eines Leistungsschützes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015043941A1 true WO2015043941A1 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
Family
ID=51492967
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/069124 Ceased WO2015043941A1 (de) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-09 | Verfahren und einrichtung zur bestimmung der alterung eines elektronischen unterbrechungselements, insbesondere eines leistungsschützes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10101394B2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6185658B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN105580055B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102013219243B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2015043941A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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| CN105186597A (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-23 | 观致汽车有限公司 | 限制高压电池功率的方法及装置 |
| CN106487058A (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-08 | 大众汽车股份公司 | 前进设备、组件、用于确定部件更换时间点的装置和方法 |
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| JP6010204B1 (ja) | 2015-10-26 | 2016-10-19 | ファナック株式会社 | パワー素子の予測寿命を学習する機械学習装置及び方法並びに該機械学習装置を備えた寿命予測装置及びモータ駆動装置 |
| JP6901887B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2021-07-14 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | パワーエレクトロニクス機器 |
| KR102277677B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-27 | 2021-07-15 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 컨택터의 수명 예측 장치 및 방법 |
| KR102248533B1 (ko) | 2017-09-29 | 2021-05-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 컨텍터의 고장률 예측 시스템 및 방법 |
| CN109752646B (zh) * | 2017-11-03 | 2021-04-02 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | 车载直流接触器评估与预警方法、装置、设备 |
| CN108832590B (zh) * | 2018-07-13 | 2023-09-29 | 浙江英洛华新能源科技有限公司 | 过流保护继电器 |
| US11029360B2 (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-06-08 | Vitesco Technologies USA, LLC | Electric current protection circuit and method of using same |
| CN109606117A (zh) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-12 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | 电池管理系统接触器控制系统及方法 |
| CN112277646B (zh) * | 2019-07-23 | 2022-04-08 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | 一种动力电池高压接插件故障检测方法、装置及汽车 |
| CN111007844A (zh) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-14 | 长春师范大学 | 一种新能源汽车控制器故障判定方法 |
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| DE102020209645A1 (de) | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Zustandsbestimmung einer elektrischen Schaltanlage, Überwachungseinheit für eine elektrische Schaltanlage und elektrische Schaltanlage |
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- 2014-09-09 CN CN201480052328.6A patent/CN105580055B/zh active Active
- 2014-09-09 JP JP2016516974A patent/JP6185658B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-09-09 US US15/024,963 patent/US10101394B2/en active Active
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105186597A (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-23 | 观致汽车有限公司 | 限制高压电池功率的方法及装置 |
| CN105186597B (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-11-14 | 观致汽车有限公司 | 限制高压电池功率的方法及装置 |
| CN106487058A (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-08 | 大众汽车股份公司 | 前进设备、组件、用于确定部件更换时间点的装置和方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105580055A (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
| US20160231381A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
| DE102013219243A1 (de) | 2015-03-26 |
| DE102013219243B4 (de) | 2018-01-18 |
| JP2016535564A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
| US10101394B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 |
| JP6185658B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 |
| CN105580055B (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
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