WO2015043182A1 - 电致变色材料及其制备方法与组件 - Google Patents
电致变色材料及其制备方法与组件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015043182A1 WO2015043182A1 PCT/CN2014/076649 CN2014076649W WO2015043182A1 WO 2015043182 A1 WO2015043182 A1 WO 2015043182A1 CN 2014076649 W CN2014076649 W CN 2014076649W WO 2015043182 A1 WO2015043182 A1 WO 2015043182A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thiophene
- dimethoxythiophene
- ethylhexyloxy
- electrochromic
- preparation
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- GIVZWHXTULQQAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)thiophene Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC1=CSC=C1OCC(CC)CCCC GIVZWHXTULQQAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- ZUDCKLVMBAXBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethoxythiophene Chemical compound COC1=CSC=C1OC ZUDCKLVMBAXBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CAQNEJSGWPJHCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccsc1.COc1cscc1OC.CCCCC(CC)COc1cscc1OCC(CC)CCCC Chemical compound c1ccsc1.COc1cscc1OC.CCCCC(CC)COc1cscc1OCC(CC)CCCC CAQNEJSGWPJHCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QLZXPFUXNSRYFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethylhexoxy)thiophene Chemical compound C(C)C(COC=1SC=CC=1)CCCC QLZXPFUXNSRYFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 33
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 21
- WPTFZDRBJGXAMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 WPTFZDRBJGXAMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HQHMXGXKHLLOHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-bis(methylperoxy)thiophene Chemical compound COOC1=CSC=C1OOC HQHMXGXKHLLOHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 3,4-dimethoxythiazol Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- GOLOHAZKJYGKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=O GOLOHAZKJYGKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(nonyl)benzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioxane Chemical compound C1CCOOC1 OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBOAELCPSXBGSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethoxythiophene Chemical compound COC=1C=CSC=1OC JBOAELCPSXBGSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAXVVLFMPXBDOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC(CC)COc1c(C)[s]c(C(C)(C)c2ccc(C(C)(C)C(C)(C)c([s]c(C(C)(C)C)c3OC)c3OC)[s]2)c1OCC(CC)CCCC Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COc1c(C)[s]c(C(C)(C)c2ccc(C(C)(C)C(C)(C)c([s]c(C(C)(C)C)c3OC)c3OC)[s]2)c1OCC(CC)CCCC KAXVVLFMPXBDOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000878457 Macrocallista nimbosa FMRFamide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHCPAXDKURNIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrathiafulvalene Chemical compound S1C=CSC1=C1SC=CS1 FHCPAXDKURNIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/42—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F228/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur
- C08F228/06—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
- C03C2218/112—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/142—Side-chains containing oxygen
- C08G2261/1424—Side-chains containing oxygen containing ether groups, including alkoxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
- C08G2261/43—Chemical oxidative coupling reactions, e.g. with FeCl3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/50—Physical properties
- C08G2261/54—Physical properties electrochromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1458—Heterocyclic containing sulfur as the only heteroatom
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electrochromic materials, and more particularly to an electrochromic material and a method of preparing the same, and an assembly comprising the electrochromic material.
- Electrochromism that is, the material undergoes a redox reaction by injecting or extracting charges under alternating high or low or positive and negative external electric fields, thereby reversibly changing between a low transmittance coloring state and a high transmittance achromatic state.
- the special phenomenon the appearance of the reversible change of color and transparency, has broad application prospects in the fields of electrochromic windows and electrochromic displays.
- Electrochromic materials are classified into inorganic electrochromic materials and organic electrochromic materials.
- a typical representative of electroless electrochromic materials is tungsten trioxide (wo 3 ).
- electrochromic devices using wo 3 as a functional material have been industrialized.
- the organic electrochromic materials mainly include polythiophenes and derivatives thereof, viologen, tetrathiafulvalene, metal phthalocyanine compounds and the like. Electrochromic materials using viologen as a functional material have been put to practical use. Compared with inorganic electrochromic materials typified by transition metal oxides, organic electrochromic materials such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiol, and viologen are rich in color and easy to carry out molecular design, and thus are more subject to researchers' favor.
- the polystyrene has insoluble properties due to the rigidity of the polymer backbone, which makes it difficult to process electrochromic devices using electrochromic polymer materials.
- Electrochemical polymerization is usually employed to deposit the resulting polymer directly onto the surface of the electrode to form a polymer film.
- existing electrochemical polymerizations are difficult to handle in the preparation of large-area electrochromic devices. In view of this, the present invention has been specifically proposed.
- the object of the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel polythiaha electrochromic material, the color of which can be converted between red and transparent, with low driving voltage and transparent oxidation state. It can be used in electrochromic windows, color-changing displays, etc. due to its high transmittance, short response time, and sprayable operation.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
- a polythiophene electrochromic material which is [3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene]-thiophene-[3,4-dimethoxythiophene] as shown in Formula I
- the polymer of the present invention is a number average molecular weight in the range of 3.0xl0 4 g / mol -
- An object of the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the above polymer, which is simple and easy to produce and has a high yield, and further improves the generalizability of the polythiophene electrochromic material.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
- the preparation method of the polythioha electrochromic material represented by the above formula I which comprises:
- Step 1 reacting 3,4-dimethoxythiazol with 2-ethylhexanol under the catalysis of an ether exchange reaction catalyst to obtain 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene;
- Step 2 Oxidative polymerization of 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene and 3,4-dimethoxythiophene under the action of an oxidizing agent to obtain [3, 4 shown in Formula I) a bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene]-thiophene-[3,4-dimethoxyoxythiophene] copolymer.
- the ether exchange reaction catalyst in the step 1 may be p-nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or anhydrous sodium hydrogensulfate; preferably p-nonylbenzenesulfonic acid.
- the reaction solvent may be an organic solvent such as benzene, toluene or dinonylbenzene; preferably toluene.
- the molar ratio of 3,4-dimethoxythiophene to 2-ethylhexanol is 1:4 to 1:6, and the ratio of 3,4-dimethoxythiophene to 2-ethylhexanol is 1:5, catalyst and 3,4-dimethoxy thiophene feed The molar ratio is 1:10 ⁇ 1:15.
- the reaction time in step 1 is 24 to 48 hours, and the reaction temperature is 110 to 130 °C.
- the reaction time is 32 to 40 hours, and the reaction temperature is 118 to 125 °C.
- the implementation of the step 1 may be, for example,: adding 3,4-dimethoxythiophene, 2-ethylhexanol, p-nonylbenzenesulfonic acid (pTSA) and anthracene to the upper connection of Soxhlet
- the molar ratio of 3,4-dimethoxythiazol to 2-ethylhexanol is 1:4 ⁇ 1:6, and the molar ratio of catalyst to 3,4-dimethoxythiophene The ratio is 1:10 ⁇ 1:15, the mixture is heated to 110 ⁇ 130 °C and refluxed for 24 ⁇ 48 hours, then cooled to room temperature, washed several times with water, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated to remove solvent, crude product Column chromatography gave an oily liquid which was 3,4-di(2-ethylhexyloxy)-Saha.
- the oxidizing agent in the step 2 may be a ferric oxidizing agent such as (Fe(C10 4 ) 3 , FeCl 3 , Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 ); preferably anhydrous ferric chloride.
- the reaction solvent is selected from ethyl acetate, chloroform or nitrodecane.
- the molar amount of 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene and 3,4-dimethoxythiophene in step 2 is calculated by m, n and q, respectively, and has the following ratio: 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 0.5m, 0 ⁇ q ⁇ m; oxidant anhydrous ferric chloride is used in an amount of 3,4-di(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene and 3,4-dimethoxythiophene
- the sum of the amounts of monomeric substances is 5-6 times.
- the reaction time in step 2 is 24 to 72 hours, and the reaction temperature is 10 to 35 °C.
- the reaction time is 48-72 hours and the reaction temperature is 20-25 °C.
- the implementation of the step 2 may be, for example, dissolving anhydrous FeCl 3 in 30 mL of ethyl acetate, stirring in a flask, and 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene, The 3,4-dimethoxythiazide was combined and dissolved in ethyl acetate and slowly dropped into the flask through a constant pressure dropping funnel.
- the molar ratio of 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene and 3,4-dimethoxythiophene in the range of m, n and q is 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 0.5 m, 0 ⁇ q ⁇ m.
- the oxidant anhydrous ferric chloride is used in an amount of 5-6 times the sum of the amounts of the three thiophene monomer materials. After the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred at 10 to 35 ° C for 24-72 hours, and the reaction mixture is dropped into the sterol.
- a person skilled in the art can obtain a range of values having different m, n and q according to the ratio of the amounts of the comonomers, which is not limited in the present invention.
- the specific synthetic route of the preparation method of the present invention is as follows:
- the object of the third aspect of the invention is to provide the use of the polythiophene electrochromic material in the manufacture of electrochromic devices.
- the electrochromic device includes, but is not limited to, a smart window, a display, or the like.
- the present invention further provides a polythiophene electrochromic material (ie, [3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene]-thiophene-[3,4-dimethoxythiophene] copolymer) s component.
- a polythiophene electrochromic material ie, [3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene]-thiophene-[3,4-dimethoxythiophene] copolymer
- the assembly of the present invention is preferably an electrochromic film having a color that can be converted between red and transparent, a low driving voltage, a transparent oxidation state, a high transmittance, a short response time, and a sprayable operation.
- the redox potential of the polymer film is 0.7V and 0.4V, respectively; the maximum absorption wavelength of the colored state is 530nm, the transmittance is 5.68%, the transmittance difference is 46.8%; the maximum transmittance of the decolorized state is 61.8%; The fading time was 1.5 s and 1.3 s, respectively.
- the electrochromic thin film of the present invention can be obtained by any of the film forming methods disclosed in the prior art.
- the preferred film forming method of the present invention is as follows:
- the present invention provides a novel electrochromic polymer material and a preparation method thereof.
- the polymer material can be sprayed on the surface of ITO glass or FTO glass to form a film; and, in practical applications, the polymer material has low driving voltage, short response time, and poor transmittance in a colored state and an achromatic state. Larger, with a cycle life of more than 10,000 cycles, it is ideal for applications such as smart windows and electrochromic displays.
- Figure 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Compound II
- Figure 2 is a nuclear magnetic carbon spectrum of Compound II
- Figure 3 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of an exemplary copolymer according to the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a cyclic voltammogram of a film formed according to an exemplary copolymer of the present invention
- Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the transmittance of a colored state and an achromatic state of a film formed by an exemplary copolymer according to the present invention
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the difference in transmittance between a colored state and a decolorized state of a film formed by an exemplary copolymer according to the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the multipotential transition of a film formed according to an exemplary copolymer of the present invention
- Figures 9 and 10 are graphs showing the instantaneous charge of the film formed by the exemplary copolymer according to the present invention in the process of color erasing and coloring, respectively.
- the present invention provides a polythiophene electrochromic material which is [3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene]-thiophene-[3,4-dimethoxythiophene as shown in Formula I. Copolymer
- the polymer of the present invention has a number average molecular weight ranging from 3.0 x 10 4 g/mol to 5.5 x 10 4 g/mol, further preferably from 3.6 x 10 4 g/mol to 4.5 x 10 4 g/moL.
- m, n, q within this ratio range can ensure that the obtained polymer has low driving voltage, transparent oxidation state and high transmittance, short response time, sprayable operation, etc. Excellent performance.
- the invention also provides a preparation method of the polythiophene electrochromic material, which comprises the following steps: Step 1: catalyzing the 3,4-dimethoxy thioha and 2-ethylhexanol under the catalysis of an ether exchange catalyst The reaction takes place to obtain 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene;
- Step 2 Oxidative polymerization of 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene and 3,4-dimethoxythiophene under the action of an oxidizing agent to obtain [3, 4 shown in Formula I) a bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene]-thiophene-[3,4-dimethoxyoxythiophene] copolymer.
- the ether exchange reaction catalyst is p-nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, and the reaction solvent is toluene.
- the selection of this particular catalyst and solvent is effective in catalyzing the ether exchange reaction.
- step 1 the molar ratio of 3,4-dimethoxythiophene to 2-ethylhexanol is 1:4 to 1:6, preferably 3,4-dimethoxythiazide and 2-ethylhexanol.
- the molar ratio of the feed is 1:5, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to the 3,4-dimethoxythiophene is 1:10 to 1:15.
- the above dosage ratio is obtained by the inventors on the basis of a large number of experimental studies, and the amount ratio of the materials is optimized as much as possible while ensuring the synthesis yield.
- the reaction time in the step 1 is 24 to 48 hours, and the reaction temperature is 110 to 130 °C.
- the reaction time is from 32 to 40 hours, and the reaction temperature is from 118 to 125 °C. This reaction condition ensures that the ether exchange reaction proceeds to a more complete extent.
- step 1 is: adding 3,4-dimethoxythiophene, 2-ethylhexanol, p-nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, and toluene to the flask connected to the Soxhlet extractor, 3,4-
- the molar ratio of dimethoxythiophene to 2-ethylhexanol is 1:4 ⁇ 1:6, and the molar ratio of catalyst to 3,4-dimethoxythiophene is 1:10-1:15.
- the mixture is heated to 110-130 ° C and kept at reflux for 24 to 48 hours, then cooled to room temperature, washed with water several times, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation.
- the crude product is purified by column chromatography to give an oily liquid, ie, 3, 4 - bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene.
- the oxidizing agent in the step 2 is anhydrous ferric chloride
- the reaction solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, chloroform or nitrodecane.
- the anhydrous ferric chloride is oxidizing, and it is possible to better promote chemical oxidative polymerization of the monomer and copolymerization between the monomers in the above specific reaction solvent.
- the molar amount of 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene and 3,4-dimethoxythiophene in step 2 is m, n and q, respectively, and has the following ratio: 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 0.5 m, 0 ⁇ q ⁇ m, preferably 0.4 m ⁇ q ⁇ 0.5 m.
- the oxidizing agent anhydrous ferric chloride is used in an amount of 5 to 6 times the sum of the amounts of the three thiophene monomer materials.
- the molar ratio of the above monomers can ensure that the obtained polymer has superior performance such as low driving voltage, transparent oxidized state, high transmittance, short response time, and sprayable operation.
- the reaction time in the step 2 is 24 to 72 hours, and the reaction temperature is 10 to 35 °C. Preferably, the reaction time is 48-72 hours and the reaction temperature is 20-25 °C.
- the reaction conditions are mild and can ensure that the polymerization proceeds to a more complete extent.
- step 2 is: dissolving anhydrous FeCl 3 in 30 mL of ethyl acetate, adding to the flask and stirring, 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene, 3,4-dioxane
- the thiophene was dissolved in ethyl acetate and slowly dropped into the flask through a constant pressure dropping funnel.
- the molar ratio of 3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene, thiophene and 3,4-dimethoxythiophene in the range of m, n and q is 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 0.5 m, 0 ⁇ q ⁇ m.
- the oxidant anhydrous ferric chloride is used in an amount of 5-6 times the sum of the three thiha monomer materials.
- the mixture is stirred at 10 to 35 ° C for 24-72 hours, and the reaction mixture is dropped into the sterol.
- the precipitate was precipitated, suction filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was collected, dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and added to hydrazine hydrate, and the solution was converted to dark red.
- the excess solvent is spin-dried, and the remaining solution is added dropwise to the sterol precipitate.
- the filter cake is dissolved in chloroform, the insoluble matter is filtered off, the remaining solution is added dropwise to the sterol precipitate, and the mixture is filtered, and the filter cake is vacuum dried to obtain a red product.
- copolymer The component of the present invention containing the above polythiophene electrochromic material (i.e., [3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)thiophene]-thiophene-[3,4-dimethoxythiophene] copolymer)
- it is an electrochromic film
- the electrochromic film can be prepared by a common technical means disclosed in the prior art, preferably by spraying.
- the color of the electrochromic film can be converted between red and transparent, and has the advantages of low driving voltage, transparent oxidation state, high transmittance, short response time, and sprayable operation.
- the oxidation-reduction potential is 0.7 V and 0.4 V, respectively; the maximum absorption wavelength of the colored state is 530 nm, the transmittance is 5.68%, the transmittance difference is 46.8%; the maximum transmittance of the decolorized state is 61.8%; coloring and fading
- the time is 1.5 s and 1.3 s, respectively.
- Example 1 Polythiophene electrochromic material
- the specific method is as follows:
- the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C for 48 h, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 2 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the solution was changed. It is dark red. The excess solvent was removed by spin-drying, and the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance diagram of compound II is shown in Fig. 1, in which the ordinate represents the peak intensity, and the horizontal cross The mark represents the chemical shift.
- the nuclear magnetic carbon map of Compound II is shown in Figure 2. In the figure, the ordinate represents the peak intensity and the abscissa represents the chemical shift.
- ⁇ 11, 14, 23, 24, 29, 31, 39
- the peak of 73 corresponds to a 2-ethylhexyl carbon atom.
- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the correctness of the structure of Compound II.
- Fig. 3 The nuclear magnetic resonance of the copolymer of the above formula I is shown in Fig. 3.
- the ordinate represents the peak intensity
- the abscissa represents the chemical shift
- the three-peak integral area ratio is 1:5:35.
- the integrated area ratio of the three-peak theory should be 1: 5:32.
- Figure 3 illustrates the correctness of the structure of the resulting copolymer.
- Fig. 4 The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the obtained copolymer is shown in Fig. 4.
- the ordinate is the transmittance and the abscissa is the wave number.
- Figure 4 illustrates the functional group of the final product without design.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in this example was 4.3 x 10 4 g/mol.
- the molecular weight of the obtained copolymer was measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and the instrument used was an Agilent LC1200 liquid chromatograph.
- the specific test conditions were as follows: High performance liquid chromatography grade tetrahydrofuran was used as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the sample concentration was 1 g/L, the injection volume was 20 ⁇ L, and the calibration curve was generated from monodisperse polystyrene (the same below). .
- Example 2 Polythiophene electrochromic material
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained copolymer was 3.6 x 10 4 g/mol, 5.2 x 10 4 g/mol, 4.1 x 10 4 g/mol, 4 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 4 g/mol, respectively.
- the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 24 hours, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction filtered, and washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 2 to 4 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added. The solution turned dark red. The excess solvent was removed by spin-drying, and the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate. The filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, the insoluble matter was filtered off, the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate, suction filtered, and the filter cake was collected by vacuum drying to obtain a red product (copolymer). I), yield 20%.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in this example was 4.1 ⁇ 10 4 g/moL.
- Example 4 Polythiane electrochromic material
- the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 48 h, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 4 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the solution was changed. It is dark red. The excess solvent was removed by spin-drying, and the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in this example was 4.5 ⁇ 10 4 g/moL.
- Example 5 Polythioha electrochromic material
- the mixture was stirred at 15 ° C for 48 h, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 2 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the solution was changed. It is dark red. The excess solvent was removed by spin-drying, and the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in this example was 4.7 x 10 4 g/moL.
- Example 6 polythiophene electrochromic material
- the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 72 h, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 4 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the solution was changed. It is dark red. The excess solvent was removed by spin-drying, and the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in this example was 4.3 ⁇ 10 4 g/moL.
- the mixture was stirred at 30 ° C for 48 h, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction-filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 3 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the solution was changed. It is dark red. The excess solvent was removed by spin-drying, and the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in this example was 4.8 x 10 4 g/moL.
- Example 8 Polythiophene electrochromic material
- the mixture was stirred at 10 ° C for 72 h, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 2 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the solution was changed. It is dark red. The excess solvent was removed by spin-drying, and the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in this example was 4.0 ⁇ 10 4 g/moL.
- Example 9 polythiophene electrochromic material
- the mixture was stirred at 35 ° C for 24 h, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 4 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the solution was changed. It is dark red. The excess solvent was removed by spin-drying, and the remaining solution was added dropwise to the decyl alcohol precipitate.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained in this example was 4.4 x 10 4 g/moL.
- Example 10 Polythiophene electrochromic material
- the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C for 48 h, and the reaction mixture was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate, suction filtered, washed with decyl alcohol until the filtrate was colorless; the filter cake was dissolved in chloroform, stirred, and 3 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the solution was changed. It is dark red.
- Example 11 A component containing a polythiophene electrochromic material (electrochromic film)
- the dichlorosilane solution (2 mg/mL) of the copolymer obtained in Examples 1-9 was used, and an air compressor was connected (Zhejiang Yongyuan Electromechanical Manufacturing Co., Ltd., working voltage 220V, theoretical flow rate 89 L/min, exhaust pressure 0.8
- the MPa) art airbrush spray polymer solution forms an electrochromic film on the surface of the ITO glass.
- the electrochromic film containing the copolymer obtained in Example 6 was selected for performance test, and the results are as described below.
- the transmittance of the obtained copolymer film was measured using a V-670 type ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer (Jasco, Tokyo, Japan), and the wavelength scanning range was 200-1000 nm.
- the transmission of the colored and decolorized states of the polymer film in this embodiment is shown in Fig. 5.
- the ordinate represents the transmittance and the abscissa represents the wavelength.
- the red dotted line curve represents the transmittance of the polymer film in the colored state: the maximum absorption wavelength of the colored state is 530 nm, the transmittance is 5.68%, and the transmittance difference is 46.8%; the black solid curve represents the achromatic state.
- Transmittance The maximum transmittance of the achromatic state is
- the transmittance was 61.8%.
- the difference in transmittance between the colored state and the decolorized state of the polymer film in this embodiment is shown in Fig. 6.
- the ordinate represents the difference in transmittance
- the abscissa represents the wavelength, which is caused by the film of the same wavelength light polymer.
- the cyclic voltammetry curve, the multipotential step curve, and the chrono-electricity curve of the achromatic and coloring process were tested using a CHI-650D electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chenhua Instrument Co., Ltd.).
- the cyclic voltammetry test conditions are: a scan voltage range of -0.2 to IV, and a scan speed of 0.1 V/s.
- the cyclic voltammetry curve of the polymer film of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 7, in Fig. 7, the ordinate represents current, and the abscissa represents voltage. This figure shows that the redox potential of the polymer is 0.7 V and 0.4 V, respectively.
- the multipotential step curve of the polymer film of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 8.
- the ordinate represents current and the abscissa represents time.
- the response time was 95% of the time required for the current from highest to zero, with coloring and fading times of 1.5 s and 1.3 s, respectively.
- the instantaneous charge curve of the process of decolorization and coloration of the polymer film (area 1.92 cm 2 ) of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.
- the ordinate in the figure represents the amount of electricity, and the abscissa represents time.
- This figure illustrates that the charge density decoloration required for the discoloration drive of the polymer film is 0.00342 C/cm 2 , and the coloration is
- the color of the electrochromic film made of the copolymer material can be converted between red and transparent, and has low driving voltage, transparent oxidation state, high transmittance, short response time, and sprayable operation.
- the advantages. The embodiments of the present invention may be further combined or substituted, and the above-described embodiments are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope and scope of the present invention. Various changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
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CN103524718B (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
US20160046858A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
CN103524718A (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
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