WO2015042983A1 - 一种天线和通信设备 - Google Patents

一种天线和通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015042983A1
WO2015042983A1 PCT/CN2013/084792 CN2013084792W WO2015042983A1 WO 2015042983 A1 WO2015042983 A1 WO 2015042983A1 CN 2013084792 W CN2013084792 W CN 2013084792W WO 2015042983 A1 WO2015042983 A1 WO 2015042983A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna unit
transmitting
receiving
phase center
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/084792
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘余
青华平
李昆
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to ES13894097.8T priority Critical patent/ES2684772T3/es
Priority to CN201380001343.3A priority patent/CN104685843B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2013/084792 priority patent/WO2015042983A1/zh
Priority to EP13894097.8A priority patent/EP3043525B1/en
Publication of WO2015042983A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015042983A1/zh
Priority to US15/083,985 priority patent/US10044492B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1461Suppression of signals in the return path, i.e. bidirectional control circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/525Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between emitting and receiving antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40Circuits
    • H04B1/50Circuits using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
    • H04B1/52Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
    • H04B1/525Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40Circuits
    • H04B1/54Circuits using the same frequency for two directions of communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and a communication device. Background technique
  • the same-frequency full-duplex technology refers to a communication method in which the transmitting and receiving are performed simultaneously in two directions when the communication device performs wireless communication, and the transmitted signal and the received signal use the same spectrum resource.
  • the same-frequency full-duplex communication method can simultaneously transmit and receive signals at the same time.
  • the same frequency full duplex communication method can use the same spectrum resource for signal transmission and reception. Therefore, under the same spectrum resource conditions, the same-frequency full-duplex technology has twice the transmission rate of the time division duplexing technique and the frequency division duplexing technique.
  • the transmitter of the communication device When performing the same-frequency full-duplex communication, the transmitter of the communication device generates the same-frequency interference to the receiver.
  • the communication device performing the same-frequency full-duplex communication is generally provided with a circulator, and the circulator includes three ports. They can be defined as antenna ports, receiver ports, and transmitter ports, respectively, connected to the transmitting and receiving antennas, receivers, and transmitters.
  • the circulator can improve the isolation between the transmitter and the receiver, and reduce the interference of the transmitter to the receiver. .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna and a communication device.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • an antenna comprising at least one receiving antenna unit, at least one transmitting antenna unit, a transceiver antenna unit connected to a three-port device having a circulator characteristic, a signal output port, and a signal input port, wherein:
  • Each receive antenna unit and the receiver port of the three-port device pass through a power combiner Connected to the signal output port, the signal output port is configured to connect to a receiver; each of the transmit antenna unit and the transmitter port of the three-port device are respectively connected to the signal input port through a power splitter, the signal The input port is used to connect to the transmitter.
  • a connection between a phase center of each transmit antenna unit and a phase center of each receive antenna unit, and a phase center of the transmit and receive antenna unit and other a set of lines formed by the lines between the phase centers of each antenna unit, and an interference source antenna unit that generates co-channel interference to the antenna unit at the other end of the antenna unit at each end of the connection set The power allocation value satisfies the following conditions:
  • the difference in length between any two wires is equal to an odd multiple of half of the operating wavelength of the antenna, and the difference in length between any two wires in the subset including the number of wires greater than one is equal to an integer of the working wavelength of the antenna
  • the sum of the square roots of the power allocation values of the interference source antenna elements corresponding to all the connections in one subset is equal to the sum of the square roots of the power allocation values of the interference source antenna units corresponding to all the links in the other subset.
  • each transmitting antenna in the receiving antenna unit and the transmitting antenna unit, where the distance between the phase center and the phase center of the transceiver antenna unit is smaller than a preset distance, each transmitting antenna a line connecting the phase center of the unit with the phase center of each receiving antenna unit, and a line connecting the phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit with the phase center of each of the other antenna elements, and
  • the power allocation value of the interference source antenna unit that generates the same-frequency interference to the antenna unit at the other end of the antenna unit at each end of the connection in the connection set satisfies the following conditions: There is at least one type of dividing the connection set a subset manner, dividing all the lines in the connection set into at least one pair of subsets, and in two subsets of each pair of subsets, the length difference between any two lines between the subsets is equal to An odd multiple of half of the operating wavelength of the antenna, and a length difference between any two of the subsets including the number of connected lines greater than one
  • each of the subsets of the connection set The number of lines is one; the power allocation value of each antenna unit connected by the power splitter is equal.
  • the at least one receiving antenna unit is specifically two receiving antenna units, and the at least one transmitting antenna unit is specifically two transmitting antennas. L ;
  • phase centers of the two receiving antenna units are symmetric with respect to a phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit;
  • phase centers of the two transmit antenna elements are symmetric with respect to the phase center of the transmit and receive antenna elements.
  • a distance from a phase center of each receiving antenna unit to a phase center of each transmitting antenna unit All are equal.
  • the phase center of the transceiver antenna unit is to the phase center of each receiving antenna unit and The distances of the phase centers of each of the transmitting antenna elements are equal.
  • the method further includes: multiple receiving auxiliary antenna units and multiple transmitting auxiliary antenna units;
  • the phase center of the auxiliary antenna unit is located on an extension line of the phase center connection of each of the two receiving antenna units, and the phase centers of the respective receiving antenna units are symmetric with respect to the phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit;
  • Antenna units are respectively connected to the signal output port through the power combiner;
  • a phase center of each of the transmitting auxiliary antenna units is located on an extension line of a phase center connection of each of the two transmitting antenna units, and a phase center of each of the transmitting auxiliary antenna units is symmetric about a phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit;
  • a transmitting auxiliary antenna unit is respectively connected to the signal input port through the power splitter.
  • the three-port device is a circulator.
  • the receiving antenna unit is an array of a single feed or a plurality of feeds, where the transmit antenna unit is composed of a single feed or multiple feeds.
  • the array, the transceiver antenna unit is an array of a single feed or a plurality of feeds.
  • the antenna is further provided with a reflective surface
  • All of the receiving antenna elements coincide with the phase bit center of the receiving antenna element array composed of the transmitting and receiving antenna elements, and coincide with the focus of the reflecting surface.
  • a communication device including a receiver, a transmitter, and An antenna as described above;
  • a signal output port of the antenna is connected to the receiver
  • a signal input port of the antenna is coupled to the transmitter.
  • the antenna includes at least one receiving antenna unit, at least one transmitting antenna unit, a transmitting and receiving antenna unit connected with a three-port device having a circulator characteristic, a signal output port, a signal input port, each receiving antenna unit and three
  • the receiver port of the port device is respectively connected to the signal output port through a power synthesizer, and the signal output port is used for connecting the receiver, and the transmitter ports of each of the transmitting antenna unit and the three-port device are respectively connected to the signal input port through the power splitter.
  • the signal input port is used to connect the transmitter, so that by adjusting the distance between the antenna elements, different interferences of the plurality of transmitted signals to the plurality of received signals can be canceled each other in the power combiner, thereby reducing the communication device The interference of the transmitted signal on the received signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a positional relationship diagram of phase centers of antenna elements in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a positional relationship diagram of phase centers of antenna elements in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing a positional relationship of phase centers of antenna elements in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a positional relationship of phase centers of antenna elements in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the antenna includes at least one receiving antenna unit (two in the figure, respectively, a receiving antenna unit 102 and a receiving antenna unit 102). At least one transmitting antenna unit (two in the figure, respectively, a transmitting antenna unit 104, a transmitting antenna unit two 105), a transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 connected to a three-port device 106 having a circulator characteristic, and a signal output port 110 , signal input port 109, where:
  • the receiver ports of each of the receiving antenna elements and the three-port device 106 are respectively connected to the signal output port 110 through a power combiner 108, and the signal output port 110 is used to connect the receiver 113; the transmission of each of the transmitting antenna units and the three-port device 106
  • the port is connected to the signal input port 109 via a power splitter 107, and the signal input port 109 is used to connect to the transmitter 114.
  • the antenna includes at least one receiving antenna unit, at least one transmitting antenna unit, a transmitting and receiving antenna unit connected with a three-port device having a circulator characteristic, a signal output port, a signal input port, each receiving antenna unit and three
  • the receiver port of the port device is respectively connected to the signal output port through a power synthesizer, and the signal output port is used for connecting the receiver, and the transmitter ports of each of the transmitting antenna unit and the three-port device are respectively connected to the signal input port through the power splitter.
  • the signal input port is used to connect the transmitter, so that by adjusting the distance between the antenna elements, different interferences of the plurality of transmitted signals to the plurality of received signals can be canceled each other in the power combiner, thereby reducing the communication device The interference of the transmitted signal on the received signal.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail below in conjunction with a specific implementation manner.
  • the antenna includes at least one receiving antenna unit, at least one transmitting antenna unit, a transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 connected to a three-port device 106 having a circulator characteristic, a signal output port 110, and a signal input port 109, wherein:
  • the receiver ports of each of the receiving antenna elements and the three-port device 106 are respectively connected to the signal output port 110 through a power combiner 108, and the signal output port 110 is used to connect the receiver 113; the transmission of each of the transmitting antenna units and the three-port device 106
  • the port is connected to the signal input port 109 via a power splitter 107, and the signal input port 109 is used to connect to the transmitter 114.
  • the receiver port of the three-port device 106 is a port for transmitting the signal received by the transceiver antenna unit 101 to the receiver 113
  • the transmitter port of the three-port device 106 is a port for receiving the signal transmitted by the transmitter 114.
  • the three port device 106 also includes an antenna port that is coupled to the transceiver antenna unit 101.
  • the three-port device 106 having the circulator characteristic has a function of transmitting and receiving isolation, and has a signal direction. The signal can only be transmitted unidirectionally in the signal direction inside the three-port device 106, and the signal direction can be clockwise or counterclockwise, and the receiver port Can be the next port of the antenna port along the signal direction, day
  • the line port can be the next port of the transmitter port along the signal direction.
  • the three port device 106 can preferably be a circulator.
  • the signal input port 109 is a port for feeding a transmission signal from the antenna to the antenna, and may be a transmission line (such as a microstrip line), a waveguide, or a device including a transmission conversion (such as a microstrip line waveguide conversion), if the connection allows, It can also be the input port of the power splitter.
  • the signal output port 110 is a port for transmitting a received signal from an antenna to an external device, and may be a transmission line (such as a microstrip line), a waveguide, or a device including a transmission conversion (such as a microstrip line waveguide conversion), if the connection allows It can also be the output port of the power combiner.
  • the receiving antenna unit may be a single feed or an array of multiple feeds.
  • the transmit antenna unit may also be a single feed or an array of multiple feeds.
  • the transmit and receive antenna unit 101 may also be a single feed or multiple feeds.
  • the transmission signal of the transmitter 114 can be distributed to the respective transmitting antenna unit and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 by the power splitter 107 in a predetermined ratio for transmission.
  • the signals received by the respective receiving antenna units and the transmitting and receiving antenna units 101 can be combined by the power combiner 108 and transmitted to the receiver 113.
  • the antenna may further be provided with a reflecting surface, and the phase center of the receiving antenna unit array composed of all the receiving antenna units and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101, and the transmitting antenna unit array composed of all the transmitting antenna units and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101.
  • the phase centers coincide and coincide with the focus of the reflecting surface.
  • the reflective surface may be a parabolic reflective surface or a reflective surface of other shapes.
  • Each receiving antenna unit and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 may constitute an array of receiving antenna elements, and each of the transmitting antenna units and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 may form an array of transmitting antenna elements, and may set a phase center of the receiving antenna unit array, a phase center of the transmitting antenna unit array, and The focal points of the reflecting surfaces coincide.
  • the antenna can be used for point-to-point communication.
  • the distance between the antenna elements in the array of receiving antenna elements is greatly adjustable, and the distance between the antenna elements in the array of transmitting antenna elements is large, and the distance is The adjustment can effectively reduce the side lobes.
  • each antenna unit and the power allocation relationship of each transmitting antenna unit and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 can be set as follows:
  • the first method comprises a connection between a phase center of each transmitting antenna unit and a phase center of each receiving antenna unit, and a connection between a phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 and a phase center of each of the other antenna units.
  • the difference in length between the lines is equal to an odd multiple of half the operating wavelength of the antenna, and the difference in length between any two of the subsets including the number of connected lines greater than one is equal to an integer multiple of the operating wavelength of the antenna, and all of the subsets are connected.
  • the sum of the square roots of the power allocation values of the interference source antenna elements corresponding to the lines is equal to the sum of the
  • the phase center of the antenna unit is an equivalent center of the antenna unit for signal transmission and reception.
  • the two ends of each connection in the connection set respectively correspond to an antenna unit for transmitting signals (which may be a transmitting antenna unit or a transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101) and an antenna unit for receiving signals (which may be a receiving antenna unit or a transmitting and receiving antenna) Unit 101), the transmitted signal of the antenna unit that performs the signal transmission interferes with the received signal of the antenna unit that receives the signal.
  • the interference source antenna unit therein may be a transmitting antenna unit.
  • the interference source antenna unit may be the transceiver antenna unit 101.
  • each connection can have an interference source antenna unit, an interfered antenna unit, and an interference signal.
  • the subset may include one or more wires, and for the subset including the number of wires greater than one, wherein the length difference between any two wires is equal to the antenna working.
  • the length difference between any two lines between the subsets is equal to an odd multiple of half the antenna operating wavelength, such that any two connections between each subset of the subset
  • each pair of subsets the interference source antenna corresponding to all the connections in one subset
  • the sum of the square roots of the power allocation values of the units is equal to the sum of the square roots of the power allocation values of the interference source antenna elements corresponding to all the links in the other subset, that is, the sum of the amplitudes of the interference signals corresponding to all the links in one subset is equal to The sum of the amplitudes of the interfering signals corresponding to all the connections in the other subset.
  • the interference signals corresponding to the connections in the subset may be superimposed on each other, and the amplitude of the interference signal obtained by superimposing one subset is equal to the amplitude of the interference signal superimposed by the other subset. Cancel each other out.
  • the co-channel interference in the antenna only leaves the port mismatch interference generated at the antenna port of the three-port device 106. Because, after power distribution, the transmit signal power of the transceiver antenna unit 101 is only a part of the power of the entire antenna transmit signal, so the strength of the port mismatch interference is relative to the transmit The ratio of the intensity of the transmitted signal is significantly reduced. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can reduce the interference of the transmitted signal of the antenna on the received signal.
  • the same-frequency interference of the antenna working wavelength corresponding to the frequency point position can be reduced, and at the same time, the same-frequency interference of the frequency band near the frequency point position can be reduced to some extent.
  • the phase center of each transmitting antenna unit and the phase center of each receiving antenna unit satisfy the following conditions:
  • the difference in length between the lines is equal to an odd multiple of half the operating wavelength of the antenna, and the difference in length between any two of the subsets including the number of connected lines greater than one is equal to an integer multiple of the operating wavelength of the antenna, and all of the subsets are connected.
  • the sum of the square roots of the power allocation values of the interference source antenna elements corresponding to the lines is equal to the sum of the squares of the power allocation values of the dry and other source antenna elements corresponding to all the links in the other subset.
  • the condition in the second method is similar to that in the first method.
  • the difference is that in the second method, only the position of each antenna unit whose phase center distance from the transmitting and receiving antenna is smaller than a certain value, and each transmitting antenna unit in the antenna unit are required.
  • the power distribution relationship of the transceiver antenna unit 101 is set, and the antenna unit with a long distance can be ignored.
  • the number of the wires in each subset of the wire set is one, and the power allocation value of each antenna unit connected to the power distributor 107 is equal.
  • the interference signals corresponding to the connections in the connection set can be paired and offset.
  • the power splitter 107 is equally distributed.
  • the at least one receiving antenna unit may be specifically two receiving antenna units, and the at least one transmitting antenna unit may be specifically two transmitting antenna units.
  • the phase centers of the respective two receiving antenna units are symmetric with respect to the phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101, and the phase centers of the respective two transmitting antenna units are symmetric with respect to the phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101.
  • the power splitter 107 can be set to be equally distributed, so that the power of each of the transmitting antenna unit and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 is equal.
  • Two receiving antenna units, two transmitting antenna units, and a phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 The positional relationship can be as shown in Figure 2.
  • the phase centers of the two receiving antenna units and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 are on the same straight line, and the phase centers of the two transmitting antenna units and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 are on the same straight line, and the angle between the two straight lines is shown in the figure.
  • the two receiving antenna units and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 constitute an array of receiving antenna elements, and the two transmitting antenna units and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 constitute an array of transmitting antenna elements. This antenna structure can effectively reduce side lobes.
  • the path lengths of the interference antennas of the transmitting antenna unit 104, the receiving antenna unit 103, and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 are bb 2 and a 2 , respectively, and the transmitting antenna unit 2 and the receiving antenna unit 102 are 102.
  • the path lengths of the interference signals of the receiving antenna unit 2 and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 are respectively b 2 and ba 2 , and the path length of the interference signal of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 to the receiving antenna unit 102 and the receiving antenna unit 2 is ai .
  • the difference between the two path lengths in a 2 and bb 2 is an odd multiple of half of the operating wavelength of the antenna, and the difference between the other two path lengths is also an odd number of half of the operating wavelength of the antenna. Times, in this way, the phase difference of the corresponding interference signal is
  • the distance from the phase center of each receiving antenna unit to the phase center of each transmitting antenna unit may be set to be equal.
  • the path lengths of the interference antennas of the transmitting antenna unit 104 to the receiving antenna unit 102, the receiving antenna unit 103, and the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 are respectively b, b, a 2
  • the transmitting antenna unit 2 is the receiving antenna unit a 102, two receiving antenna unit 103, the path length of the interference signal receiving antenna unit 101, respectively, b, b, a 2, reception antenna unit 101 receiving antenna unit 102 a receiving antenna
  • the path length of the interference signal of unit two 103 is .
  • the difference between b and b can be set to an odd multiple of half of the operating wavelength of the antenna, and the difference between a 2 and b is also an odd multiple of half of the operating wavelength of the antenna, so that the phase of the corresponding interference signal
  • the corresponding relationship can be as follows:
  • ba + ⁇ 2 2 can be obtained, which can give the following results:
  • phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 may be set to be equal to the phase center of each receiving antenna unit and the phase center to each transmitting antenna unit.
  • you can also set w, then:
  • each antenna element can be The positional relationship between them is set.
  • a plurality of receiving auxiliary antenna units 111 and a plurality of transmitting auxiliary antenna units 112 may be added.
  • the phase center of each of the receiving auxiliary antenna units 111 is located on an extension line of the phase center connection of each of the two receiving antenna units, and the phase centers of the respective receiving auxiliary antenna units 111 are both about the transmitting and receiving antennas.
  • the phase center of the unit 101 is symmetric, and each of the receiving auxiliary antenna units 111 is connected to the signal output port 110 through the power combiner 108; the phase center of each of the transmitting auxiliary antenna units 112 is located at an extension of the phase center of each of the two transmitting antenna units.
  • the phase centers of the respective transmitting auxiliary antenna units 112 are symmetric with respect to the phase center of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101, and each of the transmitting auxiliary antenna units 112 is connected to the signal input port 109 through the power splitter 107, respectively.
  • the receiving antenna unit 111 and each receiving antenna unit may use the same antenna unit, and each transmitting antenna unit 112 and each transmitting antenna unit may use the same antenna unit.
  • the power splitter 107 can be arranged to be equally distributed such that the power of the transmit signals of the respective transmit antenna elements, transmit transmit antenna elements 112, and transmit and receive antenna elements 101 are equal.
  • each antenna unit When the position of each antenna unit is set, since the auxiliary antenna unit is far from the center of the antenna, the interference introduced by each of the transmitting auxiliary antenna units 112 and the interference received by each of the receiving auxiliary antenna units 111 can be ignored, and therefore,
  • the above-described derivation calculation results corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 3 set the positional relationship of each of the receiving antenna elements, the respective transmitting antenna elements, and the transmitting and receiving antenna elements 101.
  • the introduction of the plurality of receiving auxiliary antenna units 111 and the plurality of transmitting auxiliary antenna units 112 can further reduce the ratio of the power of the transmitting and receiving antenna unit 101 to the total transmitting power of the antenna, thereby further reducing the interference of the antenna transmitting signal on the received signal. .
  • aFa ⁇ bfa may be set, that is, 60.
  • Corresponding interference signal superposition (because, a 2 , ⁇ are equal, so their corresponding interference signals do not have phase difference, can be superimposed on each other) and cancel the interference signal corresponding to b 2 , specifically can set the difference between a and b 2
  • the antenna includes at least one receiving antenna unit, at least one transmitting antenna unit, a transmitting and receiving antenna unit connected with a three-port device having a circulator characteristic, a signal output port, a signal input port, each receiving antenna unit and three
  • the receiver port of the port device is respectively connected to the signal output port through a power synthesizer, and the signal output port is used for connecting the receiver, and the transmitter ports of each of the transmitting antenna unit and the three-port device are respectively connected to the signal input port through the power splitter.
  • the signal input port is used to connect the transmitter, so that multiple transmissions can be made by adjusting the distance between the antenna elements.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication device.
  • the communication device includes a receiver 113, a transmitter 114, and an antenna according to the foregoing embodiment.
  • the signal output port 110 of the antenna is connected to the receiver 113.
  • the signal input port 109 of the antenna is connected to the transmitter 114.
  • a person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments may be completed by hardware, or may be instructed by a program to execute related hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk or the like.
  • the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., which are within the spirit and scope of the present invention, should be included in the protection of the present invention. Within the scope.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种天线和通信设备,涉及无线通信技术领域,所述天线包括至少一个接收天线单元、至少一个发射天线单元、连接有具有环形器特性的三端口器件的收发天线单元、信号输出端口、信号输入端口,其中:每个接收天线单元和所述三端口器件的接收机端口分别通过功率合成器与所述信号输出端口连接,所述信号输出端口用于连接接收机;每个发射天线单元和所述三端口器件的发射机端口分别通过功率分配器与所述信号输入端口连接,所述信号输入端口用于连接发射机。采用本发明,可以降低通信设备中发射信号对接收信号的干扰。

Description

说 明 书 一种天线和通信设备 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域, 特别涉及一种天线和通信设备。 背景技术
同频全双工技术, 是指在通信设备进行无线通信时, 发射和接收双向同时 进行, 且发射信号和接收信号使用相同频谱资源的通信方式。 与时分双工的通 信方式相比, 同频全双工的通信方式可以在同一时刻同时进行信号的发送和接 收。 与频分双工的通信方式相比, 同频全双工的通信方式可以使用相同的频谱 资源进行信号的发送和接收。 所以, 在相同的频谱资源条件下, 同频全双工技 术比时分双工技术和频分双工技术的传输速率高一倍。
在进行同频全双工通信时, 通信设备的发射机会对接收机产生同频干扰, 现有技术中, 进行同频全双工通信的通信设备一般设置有环形器, 环形器包括 三个端口分别可以定义为天线端口、 接收机端口、 发射机端口, 分别与收发天 线、 接收机、 发射机连接, 环形器可以提升发射机和接收机之间的隔离度, 降 低发射机对接收机的干扰。
在实现本发明的过程中, 发明人发现现有技术至少存在以下问题: 上述采用环形器的结构中, 会由于环形器天线端口的失配而产生同频干 扰, 发射机通过天线发射的信号会有部分被天线反射回环形器并进入接收机, 从而, 会导致发射信号对接收信号的干扰过高。 发明内容
为了降低通信设备中发射信号对接收信号的干扰, 本发明实施例提供了一 种天线和通信设备。 所述技术方案如下:
一方面, 提供了一种天线, 所述天线包括至少一个接收天线单元、 至少一 个发射天线单元、 连接有具有环形器特性的三端口器件的收发天线单元、 信号 输出端口、 信号输入端口, 其中:
每个接收天线单元和所述三端口器件的接收机端口分别通过功率合成器 与所述信号输出端口连接, 所述信号输出端口用于连接接收机; 每个发射天线单元和所述三端口器件的发射机端口分别通过功率分配器 与所述信号输入端口连接, 所述信号输入端口用于连接发射机。
在所述第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中,每个发射天线单元的相位中 心与每个接收天线单元的相位中心之间的连线、及所述收发天线单元的相位中 心与其它每个天线单元的相位中心之间的连线组成的连线集合, 以及所述连线 集合中每个连线两端的天线单元中对另一端的天线单元产生同频干扰的干扰 源天线单元的功率分配值, 满足如下的条件:
存在至少一种对所述连线集合划分子集的方式, 将所述连线集合中的全部 连线划分到至少一对子集中, 且在每对子集的两个子集中, 子集间的任意两个 连线之间的长度差等于所述天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 包含连线数量大于一 的子集内的任意两个连线之间的长度差等于所述天线工作波长的整数倍,且一 个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和等于另 一个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和。
在所述第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中,在相位中心与所述收发天线 单元的相位中心之间的距离小于预设距离的接收天线单元和发射天线单元中, 每个发射天线单元的相位中心与每个接收天线单元的相位中心之间的连线、及 所述收发天线单元的相位中心与其它每个天线单元的相位中心之间的连线组 成的连线集合, 以及所述连线集合中每个连线两端的天线单元中对另一端的天 线单元产生同频干扰的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值, 满足如下的条件: 存在至少一种对所述连线集合划分子集的方式, 将所述连线集合中的全部 连线划分到至少一对子集中, 且在每对子集的两个子集中, 子集间的任意两个 连线之间的长度差等于所述天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 包含连线数量大于一 的子集内的任意两个连线之间的长度差等于所述天线工作波长的整数倍,且一 个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和等于另 一个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和。
结合所述第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式和第二种可能的实现方式, 在 所述第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中, 所述连线集合中的每个子集中连线 的数量为一; 所述功率分配器连接的每个天线单元的功率分配值相等。
在所述第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中, 所述至少一个接收天线单元 具体为两个接收天线单元, 所述至少一个发射天线单元具体为两个发射天线单 L ;
所述两个接收天线单元各自的相位中心关于所述收发天线单元的相位中 心对称;
所述两个发射天线单元各自的相位中心关于所述收发天线单元的相位中 心对称。
结合所述第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式,在所述第一方面的第五种可 能的实现方式中,每个接收天线单元的相位中心到每个发射天线单元的相位中 心的距离都相等。
结合所述第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式,在所述第一方面的第六种可 能的实现方式中, 所述收发天线单元的相位中心到每个接收天线单元的相位中 心和到每个发射天线单元的相位中心的距离都相等。
结合所述第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式,在所述第一方面的第七种可 能的实现方式中, 还包括: 多个接收辅助天线单元和多个发射辅助天线单元; 各接收辅助天线单元的相位中心位于所述两个接收天线单元各自的相位 中心连线的延长线上,且各接收辅助天线单元的相位中心两两关于所述收发天 线单元的相位中心对称; 各接收辅助天线单元分别通过所述功率合成器与所述 信号输出端口连接;
各发射辅助天线单元的相位中心位于所述两个发射天线单元各自的相位 中心连线的延长线上,且各发射辅助天线单元的相位中心两两关于所述收发天 线单元的相位中心对称; 各发射辅助天线单元分别通过所述功率分配器与所述 信号输入端口连接。
在所述第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中, 所述三端口器件为环形器。 在所述第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式中, 所述接收天线单元为单个馈 源或多个馈源组成的阵列, 所述发射天线单元为单个馈源或多个馈源组成的阵 列, 所述收发天线单元为单个馈源或多个馈源组成的阵列。
结合所述第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式,在所述第一方面的第十种可 能的实现方式中, 所述天线还设置有反射面;
全部接收天线单元与所述收发天线单元组成的接收天线单元阵列的相位 位中心相重合, 且与所述反射面的焦点相重合。
另一方面, 提供了一种通信设备, 所述通信设备包括接收机、 发射机以及 如上所述的天线;
所述天线的信号输出端口与所述接收机连接;
所述天线的信号输入端口与所述发射机连接。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案的有益效果是:
本发明实施例中, 天线包括至少一个接收天线单元、 至少一个发射天线单 元、 连接有具有环形器特性的三端口器件的收发天线单元、 信号输出端口、 信 号输入端口,每个接收天线单元和三端口器件的接收机端口分别通过功率合成 器与信号输出端口连接, 信号输出端口用于连接接收机, 每个发射天线单元和 三端口器件的发射机端口分别通过功率分配器与信号输入端口连接,信号输入 端口用于连接发射机, 这样, 可以通过调节各天线单元之间的距离, 使多个发 射信号对多个接收信号的不同干扰能够在功率合成器中相互抵消, 从而, 可以 降低通信设备中发射信号对接收信号的干扰。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例描述中所 需要使用的附图作筒单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明 的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1是本发明实施例提供的天线的结构示意图;
图 2是本发明实施例提供的天线中各天线单元的相位中心的位置关系图; 图 3是本发明实施例提供的天线中各天线单元的相位中心的位置关系图; 图 4是本发明实施例提供的天线中各天线单元的相位中心的位置关系图; 图 5是本发明实施例提供的天线中各天线单元的相位中心的位置关系图; 图 6是本发明实施例提供的通信设备的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明 实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例一
本发明实施例提供了一种天线, 如图 1所示, 该天线包括至少一个接收天 线单元(图中以两个为例,分别为接收天线单元一 102、接收天线单元二 103 )、 至少一个发射天线单元(图中以两个为例, 分别为发射天线单元一 104、 发射 天线单元二 105 )、 连接有具有环形器特性的三端口器件 106 的收发天线单元 101、 信号输出端口 110、 信号输入端口 109, 其中:
每个接收天线单元和三端口器件 106 的接收机端口分别通过功率合成器 108与信号输出端口 110连接, 信号输出端口 110用于连接接收机 113; 每个 发射天线单元和三端口器件 106的发射机端口分别通过功率分配器 107与信号 输入端口 109连接, 信号输入端口 109用于连接发射机 114。
本发明实施例中, 天线包括至少一个接收天线单元、 至少一个发射天线单 元、 连接有具有环形器特性的三端口器件的收发天线单元、 信号输出端口、 信 号输入端口,每个接收天线单元和三端口器件的接收机端口分别通过功率合成 器与信号输出端口连接, 信号输出端口用于连接接收机, 每个发射天线单元和 三端口器件的发射机端口分别通过功率分配器与信号输入端口连接,信号输入 端口用于连接发射机, 这样, 可以通过调节各天线单元之间的距离, 使多个发 射信号对多个接收信号的不同干扰能够在功率合成器中相互抵消, 从而, 可以 降低通信设备中发射信号对接收信号的干扰。 实施例二
本发明实施例提供了一种天线, 下面将结合具体的实施方式对图 1所示的 天线进行详细阐述。 该天线包括至少一个接收天线单元、 至少一个发射天线单 元、 连接有具有环形器特性的三端口器件 106的收发天线单元 101、 信号输出 端口 110、 信号输入端口 109, 其中:
每个接收天线单元和三端口器件 106 的接收机端口分别通过功率合成器 108与信号输出端口 110连接, 信号输出端口 110用于连接接收机 113; 每个 发射天线单元和三端口器件 106的发射机端口分别通过功率分配器 107与信号 输入端口 109连接, 信号输入端口 109用于连接发射机 114。
其中, 三端口器件 106的接收机端口是用于将收发天线单元 101接收的信 号传输给接收机 113的端口, 三端口器件 106的发射机端口是用于接收发射机 114发送的信号的端口,三端口器件 106还包括天线端口,与收发天线单元 101 连接。具有环形器特性的三端口器件 106具有收发隔离的功能,具有信号方向, 信号在三端口器件 106内部只能沿信号方向单向传输,信号方向可以是顺时针 方向或逆时针方向, 接收机端口可以是天线端口沿信号方向的下一个端口, 天 线端口可以是发射机端口沿信号方向的下一个端口。该三端口器件 106可以优 选为环形器。 信号输入端口 109是用于将发射信号从天线外馈入天线的端口, 可以是传输线 (如微带线)、 波导、 或包含传输转换的器件 (如微带线波导转 换), 如果连接允许, 还可以是功率分配器的输入端口。 信号输出端口 110是 用于将接收信号从天线传出到外部器件的端口, 可以是传输线(如微带线)、 波导、 或包含传输转换的器件 (如微带线波导转换), 如果连接允许, 还可以 是功率合成器的输出端口。
接收天线单元可以为单个馈源或多个馈源组成的阵列,发射天线单元也可 以为单个馈源或多个馈源组成的阵列, 收发天线单元 101也可以为单个馈源或 多个馈源组成的阵列。
发射机 114的发射信号可以通过功率分配器 107按预定的比例分配到各发 射天线单元和收发天线单元 101 , 进行发射。 各接收天线单元和收发天线单元 101接收到的信号可以通过功率合成器 108进行合并后传输到接收机 113。
优选的, 该天线还可以设置有反射面, 而且, 全部接收天线单元与收发天 线单元 101组成的接收天线单元阵列的相位中心, 与全部发射天线单元与收发 天线单元 101组成的发射天线单元阵列的相位中心相重合, 且与反射面的焦点 相重合。
其中, 该反射面可以为抛物面形的反射面, 也可以是其它形状的反射面。 各接收天线单元与收发天线单元 101可以组成接收天线单元阵列,各发射天线 单元与收发天线单元 101可以组成发射天线单元阵列, 可以设置接收天线单元 阵列的相位中心、发射天线单元阵列的相位中心及反射面的焦点相重合。这样, 因为该天线可以用于点对点的通信。 而且, 在这种天线结构下, 接收天线单元 阵列中的各天线单元之间的距离可调空间很大,发射天线单元阵列中的各天线 单元之间的距离可调空间很大, 通过对距离的调节, 可以有效的减小旁瓣。
优选的, 可以按照如下的方式对各天线单元的位置以及各发射天线单元和 收发天线单元 101的功率分配关系进行设置:
方式一,每个发射天线单元的相位中心与每个接收天线单元的相位中心之 间的连线、及收发天线单元 101的相位中心与其它每个天线单元的相位中心之 间的连线组成的连线集合, 以及连线集合中每个连线两端的天线单元中对另一 件:、 -、 5 u υ;'、 、 存在至少一种对连线集合划分子集的方式, 将连线集合中的全部连线划分 到至少一对子集中, 且在每对子集的两个子集中, 子集间的任意两个连线之间 的长度差等于天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 包含连线数量大于一的子集内的任 意两个连线之间的长度差等于天线工作波长的整数倍, 且一个子集中全部连线 对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和等于另一个子集中全部连 线对应的干尤源天线单元的功率分配值的平方 ^之和。
其中, 天线单元的相位中心是天线单元进行信号发射接收的等效中心。 连 线集合中的每个连线的两端分别对应一个进行信号发射的天线单元(可以是发 射天线单元或收发天线单元 101 )和一个进行信号接收的天线单元(可以是接 收天线单元或收发天线单元 101 ),此进行信号发射的天线单元的发射信号会对 此进行信号接收的天线单元的接收信号产生干扰。如果连线两端分别为接收天 线单元和发射天线单元, 或为收发天线单元 101和发射天线单元, 那么其中的 干扰源天线单元可以是发射天线单元。 如果连线两端分别为收发天线单元 101 和接收天线单元,那么其中的干扰源天线单元可以是收发天线单元 101。这样, 每个连线可以对应有一个干扰源天线单元、一个被干扰天线单元和一个干扰信 号。
方式一中, 对于上述各子集, 子集包含的连线数量可以为一个或多个, 对 于包含连线数量大于一的子集, 其中, 任意两个连线之间的长度差等于天线工 作波长的整数倍, 这样, 子集内任意两个连线对应的干扰信号相位差为
360° . «, (« = 0,1,2,...)。 对于划分的每对子集的两个子集中, 子集间的任意两个 连线之间的长度差等于天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 这样, 每对子集中子集间 的任意两个连线对应的干扰信号的相位差为 180° . (2 + l), (n = 0,1,2,■■■) .又有, 每对子集中,一个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方 根之和等于另一个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平 方根之和, 也即, 一个子集中全部连线对应的干扰信号的振幅之和等于另一个 子集中全部连线对应的干扰信号的振幅之和。 这样, 对于上述每对子集, 子集 内的连线对应的干扰信号可以相互叠加,一个子集内部叠加得到的干扰信号的 振幅与另一个子集内部叠加得到的干扰信号的振幅相等, 可以相互抵消。
经过上述干扰抵消, 天线内的同频干扰只剩下三端口器件 106天线端口处 产生的端口失配干扰。 由于, 经过功率分配, 收发天线单元 101的发射信号功 率只是整个天线发射信号功率的一部分, 所以, 端口失配干扰的强度相对于发 射信号的强度的比例得到了明显降低。 因此, 本发明实施例可以降低天线的发 射信号对接收信号的干扰。
通过方式一可以降低天线工作波长对应频点位置的同频干扰, 同时, 还可 以在一定程度上降低该频点位置附近频段的同频干扰。
方式二,在相位中心与收发天线单元 101的相位中心之间的距离小于预设 距离的接收天线单元和发射天线单元中,每个发射天线单元的相位中心与每个 接收天线单元的相位中心之间的连线、及收发天线单元 101的相位中心与其它 每个天线单元的相位中心之间的连线组成的连线集合, 以及连线集合中每个连 功率分配值, 满足如下的条件:
存在至少一种对连线集合划分子集的方式, 将连线集合中的全部连线划分 到至少一对子集中, 且在每对子集的两个子集中, 子集间的任意两个连线之间 的长度差等于天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 包含连线数量大于一的子集内的任 意两个连线之间的长度差等于天线工作波长的整数倍, 且一个子集中全部连线 对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和等于另一个子集中全部连 线对应的干尤源天线单元的功率分配值的平方 ^之和。
方式二中的条件与方式一中相似, 不同之处在于, 方式二中, 只需要对与 收发天线的相位中心距离小于某值的各天线单元的位置, 以及这些天线单元中 各发射天线单元和收发天线单元 101的功率分配关系进行设置,距离较远的天 线单元则可以忽略。
在上述的方式一和方式二中, 优选的, 可以设置, 连线集合中的每个子集 中连线的数量为一,且功率分配器 107连接的每个天线单元的功率分配值相等。
这种设置下, 连线集合中的各连线对应的干扰信号可以配对两两抵消。 功 率分配器 107采用等比例分配。
在本发明实施例中, 如图 1所示, 优选的, 该天线结构中, 上述至少一个 接收天线单元可以具体为两个接收天线单元, 上述至少一个发射天线单元可以 具体为两个发射天线单元, 而且, 两个接收天线单元各自的相位中心关于收发 天线单元 101的相位中心对称, 两个发射天线单元各自的相位中心关于收发天 线单元 101的相位中心对称。同时,可以设置功率分配器 107采用等比例分配, 这样, 各发射天线单元和收发天线单元 101发射信号的功率相等。
两个接收天线单元、 两个发射天线单元和收发天线单元 101的相位中心的 位置关系可以如图 2所示。 两个接收天线单元和收发天线单元 101的相位中心 在同一直线上, 两个发射天线单元和收发天线单元 101的相位中心在同一直线 上, 图中 为此两条直线的夹角。 两个接收天线单元和收发天线单元 101组成 接收天线单元阵列, 两个发射天线单元和收发天线单元 101组成发射天线单元 阵列。 这种天线结构可以有效的减小旁瓣。
如图, 发射天线单元一 104对接收天线单元一 102、 接收天线单元二 103、 收发天线单元 101的干扰信号的路径长度分别为 b b2、 a2, 发射天线单元二 105对接收天线单元一 102、接收天线单元二 103、收发天线单元 101的干扰信 号的路径长度分别为 b2、 b a2, 收发天线单元 101对接收天线单元一 102、 接收天线单元二 103的干扰信号的路径长度为 ai
为了使上述干扰信号能够两两抵消, 可以设置 、 a2、 b b2中的两个路 径长度之差为天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 另外两个路径长度之差也为天线工 作波长一半的奇数倍, 这样, 相应的干扰信号的相位差即为
180° -(2w + l), (w = 0,1,2,···), 可以相互抵消。 例如, 如下式所示:
λ
α2 = αχ + (2m + \)—,b2 =bx + {2n + \)—,m = 0,1,2, ···,« = 0,1,2,··· 另外, 根据几何关系可以得出下式:
Figure imgf000011_0001
θ)
综合上面两式, 可得: cos2 (θ) = ϋ - ),0 <θ<90^
16<¾ (<¾ +δ2)
^ =(2n + l)-,¾ =(2m + l)-,n = 0,1,2,···, m = 0,1,2,···
其中, 2 2 。 这样, 就可以 得出满足上述关系的 、 a2、 b2
优选的, 如图 3所示, 可以设置每个接收天线单元的相位中心到每个发射 天线单元的相位中心的距离都相等。 这样, 相当于图 2中的 等于 90。 。 如图 3, 发射天线单元一 104对接收天线单元一 102、 接收天线单元二 103、 收发天 线单元 101的干扰信号的路径长度分别为 b、 b、 a2, 发射天线单元二 105对接 收天线单元一 102、 接收天线单元二 103、 收发天线单元 101的干扰信号的路 径长度分别为 b、 b、 a2, 收发天线单元 101对接收天线单元一 102、 接收天线 单元二 103的干扰信号的路径长度为 。
为了使上述干扰信号能够两两抵消,可以设置 与 b之差为天线工作波长 一半的奇数倍, 且 a2与 b之差也为天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 这样, 相应的 干扰信号的相位差即为 180°. (2/2 + 1), (/2 = 0,1,2,...), 可以相互抵消。 相应的关 系式可以如下:
, 2η + 1 , Λ ,
ϋ = αλ λ Λ, η = 0,1,2,···
1 2
2m + 1
b = α + λ, m = 0,1,2,···
2 2
另外, 根据几何关系, 可得 b a +α2 2 , 这样可以得到如下结果:
Figure imgf000012_0001
这样, 就可以得出满足上述关系的 、 a2和!^。
进一步的, 可以设置收发天线单元 101的相位中心到每个接收天线单元的 相位中心和到每个发射天线单元的相位中心的距离都相等。 这样, 相当于图 3 中的 <¾ = < 2 = < 。 另夕卜, 还可以设 = w , 则有:
Figure imgf000012_0002
从而可以 a = jl +
Figure imgf000012_0003
+ 1) , n = 0,1,2, · · · b = ϊ{ 2 + 1)(2« + 1)-, n = 0,1,2, · · · 这样, 就可以对各天线单元之间的位置关系进行设置。
优选的, 图 2、 图 3所示的天线结构中, 还可以加入多个接收辅助天线单 元 111和多个发射辅助天线单元 112。 如图 4、 图 5所示, 各接收辅助天线单 元 111的相位中心位于两个接收天线单元各自的相位中心连线的延长线上, 且 各接收辅助天线单元 111的相位中心两两关于收发天线单元 101的相位中心对 称,各接收辅助天线单元 111分别通过上述功率合成器 108与信号输出端口 110 连接; 各发射辅助天线单元 112的相位中心位于两个发射天线单元各自的相位 中心连线的延长线上, 且各发射辅助天线单元 112的相位中心两两关于收发天 线单元 101的相位中心对称, 各发射辅助天线单元 112分别通过上述功率分配 器 107与信号输入端口 109连接。 其中, 各接收辅助天线单元 111与各接收天线单元可以采用相同的天线单 元, 各发射辅助天线单元 112与各发射天线单元可以采用相同的天线单元。 可 以设置功率分配器 107采用等比例分配, 这样, 各发射天线单元、 各发射辅助 天线单元 112和收发天线单元 101的发射信号的功率相等。
在设置各天线单元的位置时, 因为, 辅助天线单元距离天线中心较远, 所 以, 可以忽略各发射辅助天线单元 112引入的干扰和各接收辅助天线单元 111 所受到的干扰, 因此, 仍可以按照图 2、 图 3对应的上述推导计算结果, 对各 接收天线单元、 各发射天线单元和收发天线单元 101的位置关系进行设置。 多 个接收辅助天线单元 111和多个发射辅助天线单元 112的引入, 可以进一步降 低收发天线单元 101发射信号的功率在天线总发射功率中的比例,从而可以进 一步降低天线发射信号对接收信号的干扰。
优选的, 在图 2所示的天线结构中, 可以设置 aFa^bfa, 即 为 60。 , 并通过设置 a和 b2的长度, 使 、 a2、 !^对应的干扰信号叠加(因为 、 a2、 ^相等, 所以他们对应的干扰信号不存在相位差, 能够相互叠加)并与 b2对应 的干扰信号相抵消, 具体可以设置 a与 b2之差为天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 这样, 相应的干扰信号的相位差即为 180° ' (2/2 + 1), (/2 = 0,1,2, · · ·) , 基于上述设 置,
Figure imgf000013_0001
= 2a2(l + cos 6') = 3α b2 = α + (2η + ΐ)—, η = 0Χ2, · · ·
Figure imgf000013_0002
这样, 就可以得出满足上述关系的 a和 b2
本发明实施例中, 天线包括至少一个接收天线单元、 至少一个发射天线单 元、 连接有具有环形器特性的三端口器件的收发天线单元、 信号输出端口、 信 号输入端口,每个接收天线单元和三端口器件的接收机端口分别通过功率合成 器与信号输出端口连接, 信号输出端口用于连接接收机, 每个发射天线单元和 三端口器件的发射机端口分别通过功率分配器与信号输入端口连接,信号输入 端口用于连接发射机, 这样, 可以通过调节各天线单元之间的距离, 使多个发 射信号对多个接收信号的不同干扰能够在功率合成器中相互抵消, 从而, 可以 降低通信设备中发射信号对接收信号的干扰。 另外, 还可以减小天线的旁瓣。 实施例三
本发明实施例提供了一种通信设备, 如图 6所示, 所述通信设备包括接收 机 113、 发射机 114以及上述实施例所述的天线, 天线的信号输出端口 110与 接收机 113连接, 天线的信号输入端口 109与发射机 114连接。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通 过硬件来完成, 也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成, 所述的程序可以存储 于一种计算机可读存储介质中, 上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器, 磁盘 或光盘等。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的 保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种天线, 其特征在于, 所述天线包括至少一个接收天线单元、 至少一 个发射天线单元、 连接有具有环形器特性的三端口器件的收发天线单元、 信号 输出端口、 信号输入端口, 其中:
每个接收天线单元和所述三端口器件的接收机端口分别通过功率合成器与 所述信号输出端口连接, 所述信号输出端口用于连接接收机;
每个发射天线单元和所述三端口器件的发射机端口分别通过功率分配器与 所述信号输入端口连接, 所述信号输入端口用于连接发射机。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线, 其特征在于, 每个发射天线单元的相位中 心与每个接收天线单元的相位中心之间的连线、 及所述收发天线单元的相位中 心与其它每个天线单元的相位中心之间的连线组成的连线集合, 以及所述连线 集合中每个连线两端的天线单元中对另一端的天线单元产生同频干扰的干扰源 天线单元的功率分配值, 满足如下的条件:
存在至少一种对所述连线集合划分子集的方式, 将所述连线集合中的全部 连线划分到至少一对子集中, 且在每对子集的两个子集中, 子集间的任意两个 连线之间的长度差等于所述天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 包含连线数量大于一 的子集内的任意两个连线之间的长度差等于所述天线工作波长的整数倍, 且一 个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和等于另一 个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线, 其特征在于, 在相位中心与所述收发天线 单元的相位中心之间的距离小于预设距离的接收天线单元和发射天线单元中, 每个发射天线单元的相位中心与每个接收天线单元的相位中心之间的连线、 及 所述收发天线单元的相位中心与其它每个天线单元的相位中心之间的连线组成 的连线集合, 以及所述连线集合中每个连线两端的天线单元中对另一端的天线 单元产生同频干扰的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值, 满足如下的条件:
存在至少一种对所述连线集合划分子集的方式, 将所述连线集合中的全部 连线划分到至少一对子集中, 且在每对子集的两个子集中, 子集间的任意两个 连线之间的长度差等于所述天线工作波长一半的奇数倍, 包含连线数量大于一 的子集内的任意两个连线之间的长度差等于所述天线工作波长的整数倍, 且一 个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和等于另一 个子集中全部连线对应的干扰源天线单元的功率分配值的平方根之和。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的天线, 其特征在于, 所述连线集合中的每个 子集中连线的数量为一; 所述功率分配器连接的每个天线单元的功率分配值相 等。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线, 其特征在于, 所述至少一个接收天线单元 具体为两个接收天线单元, 所述至少一个发射天线单元具体为两个发射天线单 元;
所述两个接收天线单元各自的相位中心关于所述收发天线单元的相位中心 对称;
所述两个发射天线单元各自的相位中心关于所述收发天线单元的相位中心 对称。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的天线, 其特征在于, 每个接收天线单元的相位中 心到每个发射天线单元的相位中心的距离都相等。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的天线, 其特征在于, 所述收发天线单元的相位中 心到每个接收天线单元的相位中心和到每个发射天线单元的相位中心的距离都 相等。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的天线, 其特征在于, 还包括: 多个接收辅助天线 单元和多个发射辅助天线单元;
各接收辅助天线单元的相位中心位于所述两个接收天线单元各自的相位中 心连线的延长线上, 且各接收辅助天线单元的相位中心两两关于所述收发天线 单元的相位中心对称; 各接收辅助天线单元分别通过所述功率合成器与所述信 号输出端口连接;
各发射辅助天线单元的相位中心位于所述两个发射天线单元各自的相位中 心连线的延长线上, 且各发射辅助天线单元的相位中心两两关于所述收发天线 单元的相位中心对称; 各发射辅助天线单元分别通过所述功率分配器与所述信 号输入端口连接。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线, 其特征在于, 所述三端口器件为环形器。
10、 根据权利要求 1 所述的天线, 其特征在于, 所述接收天线单元为单个 馈源或多个馈源组成的阵列, 所述发射天线单元为单个馈源或多个馈源组成的 阵列, 所述收发天线单元为单个馈源或多个馈源组成的阵列。
11、根据权利要求 10所述的天线, 其特征在于, 所述天线还设置有反射面; 全部接收天线单元与所述收发天线单元组成的接收天线单元阵列的相位中 中心相重合, 且与所述反射面的焦点相重合。
12、 一种通信设备, 其特征在于, 所述通信设备包括接收机、 发射机以及 权利要求 1-11中任一项所述的天线;
所述天线的信号输出端口与所述接收机连接;
所述天线的信号输入端口与所述发射机连接。
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