WO2016044984A1 - 一种天线系统 - Google Patents

一种天线系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016044984A1
WO2016044984A1 PCT/CN2014/087133 CN2014087133W WO2016044984A1 WO 2016044984 A1 WO2016044984 A1 WO 2016044984A1 CN 2014087133 W CN2014087133 W CN 2014087133W WO 2016044984 A1 WO2016044984 A1 WO 2016044984A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
receiving
transmitting
antennas
pair
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/087133
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘晟
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2014/087133 priority Critical patent/WO2016044984A1/zh
Priority to EP14902738.5A priority patent/EP3185359B1/en
Priority to CN201480081518.0A priority patent/CN106663872B/zh
Publication of WO2016044984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016044984A1/zh
Priority to US15/466,145 priority patent/US10680790B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1461—Suppression of signals in the return path, i.e. bidirectional control circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • H04B1/12—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
    • H04B1/123—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements using adaptive balancing or compensation means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2291—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in bluetooth or WI-FI devices of Wireless Local Area Networks [WLAN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/525—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between emitting and receiving antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/50—Circuits using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
    • H04B1/52—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
    • H04B1/525—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna system.
  • a wireless local area network WLAN: WLAN
  • FWA fixed wireless access
  • a base station English: Base Station, referred to as Communication nodes such as: BS) or access point (English: Access Point, AP for short), relay station (English: Relay Station, RS), and user equipment (English: User Equipment, UE for short) usually have their own signals.
  • BS Base Station
  • AP Access Point
  • RS Relay Station
  • user equipment English: User Equipment, UE for short
  • the ability to receive signals from other communication nodes Since the attenuation of the wireless signal in the wireless channel is very large, the signal from the communication peer arrives at the receiving end is very weak compared to its own transmitted signal. For example, the power difference between the transmitting and receiving signals of one communication node in the mobile cellular communication system is reached.
  • the transmission and reception of the wireless signal are usually distinguished by different frequency bands or time segments, that is, frequency division duplex (English: Frequency Division Duplex, referred to as : FDD) or Time Division Duplex (English: Time Division Duplex, referred to as: TDD).
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • full duplex technology can be employed in the prior art. Unlike existing FDD or TDD technologies, wireless full-duplex technology can perform both receive and transmit operations on the same wireless channel. Thus, in theory, the wireless full-duplex technology has twice the spectral efficiency of FDD or TDD technology.
  • the premise of implementing wireless full-duplex is to avoid, reduce and eliminate the strong interference of the transmitting signal of the same transceiver to the received signal (called self-interference), so as not to affect the correct reception of the useful signal. .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna system for solving the self-interference of the antenna in the prior art. Big technical problems.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides an antenna system, including:
  • M transmit antenna pairs two transmit antennas of each of the M transmit antenna pairs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the same symmetry axis; M is a positive integer;
  • N receiving antenna pairs two receiving antennas of each of the N receiving antenna pairs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the symmetry axis; N is a positive integer;
  • M branching devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the M transmitting antennas; and are used for splitting one transmitting signal into two transmitting signals and respectively transmitting them to two transmitting antennas of corresponding transmitting antenna pairs;
  • the combining device is a reverse combining device; or, the shunt device is an inverting shunt device, and the combining device is an in-phase combining device.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides an antenna system, including:
  • L transceivers share a pair of antennas, and two antennas of each of the L transceiver core pairs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the same symmetry axis; L is a positive integer;
  • 2L transceiver isolation devices one-to-one corresponding to each transceiver shared antenna, for isolating the received signal and the transmission signal of each of the transceiver common antennas;
  • the L branching devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the L transceivers and shared antenna pairs; and are configured to split one transmission signal into two transmission signals, and send the two transmission and reception isolation devices to the corresponding two pairs of the corresponding transceiver pair antenna;
  • the L combining devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the L transceiver cores; the two receiving signals received by the two antennas corresponding to the corresponding transceiver pair are respectively combined into the receiving device through the transceiver device a signal; the shunt device is a co-directional shunt device, the combining device is a reverse combining device; or the shunt device is an inverting shunt device, and the combining device is a phase-integrated device .
  • the antenna system includes: M transmit antenna pairs, and the M transmit antennas Two transmit antennas of each pair of transmit antennas are symmetrically distributed along the same axis of symmetry on both sides of the axis of symmetry; M is a positive integer; N receive antenna pairs, each of the N receive antenna pairs receive The two receiving antennas of the antenna pair are symmetrically distributed along the symmetry axis on both sides of the symmetry axis; N is a positive integer; M branching devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the M transmitting antenna pairs; The signal is divided into two transmitting signals, which are respectively sent to two transmitting antennas of the corresponding transmitting antenna pair; N combining devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the N receiving antenna pairs; two pairs for corresponding receiving antenna pairs are used The two receiving signals received by the receiving antenna are combined into one receiving signal; wherein, the shunting device is a non-directional shunt device, and the shunt device is a reverse combining device; or, the shunt device
  • any pair of transmitting antennas and any pair of receiving antennas form an isosceles trapezoid or rectangle, so all other transmissions received at any receiving antenna pair
  • the signals from each pair of transmitting antennas comprise two pairs of equal-amplitude (or opposite) signals, which are mutually canceled by the combination of the reverse (or the same) combining means.
  • multiple transmitting and receiving antenna pairs are arranged in a coaxially symmetric manner, so the spatial signal propagation path between any two antenna pairs is completely symmetrical, so that any antenna pairs the three types of self-interfering signals received by the three types of components
  • the equal amplitudes are in phase (or inverting) and therefore cancel each other out at the receiving end by inverting (or in phase) combining. Therefore, the strong interference of the transmitted signal on the received signal is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an antenna pair in a SISO scenario in the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIGS. 2a-2b are structural diagrams of an antenna system in a SISO scenario in the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a structural structural diagram of an antenna pair in a MIMO scenario in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • 4a-4d are different structural diagrams of antenna pairs in a MIMO scenario in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of configuring an antenna pair in a SISO scenario according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a self-interference signal of each receiving branch in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of an antenna system in a MIMO scenario according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna system for solving the technical problem that the antenna self-interference is large in the prior art.
  • the antenna system includes the following parts: M transmit antenna pairs, two transmit antennas of each of the M transmit antenna pairs are symmetrically distributed along the same axis of symmetry on both sides of the symmetry axis, ie, each transmit antenna The two transmitting antennas of the pair are axially symmetrically distributed along the axis of symmetry; M is a positive integer.
  • N receiving antenna pairs two receiving antennas of each of the N receiving antenna pairs are symmetrically distributed along the symmetry axis on both sides of the symmetry axis, that is, two receiving antennas of each receiving antenna pair Axis symmetrically distributed along the axis of symmetry; N is a positive integer.
  • M branching devices are in one-to-one correspondence with M transmitting antenna pairs; and are used to split one transmitting signal into two transmitting signals and respectively transmit them to two transmitting antennas of corresponding transmitting antenna pairs.
  • N combining devices one-to-one corresponding to N receiving antenna pairs; configured to synthesize two receiving signals received by two receiving antennas of a corresponding receiving antenna pair into one receiving signal; wherein, the splitting device is a same direction
  • the circuit device is a reverse combining device; or the shunt device is an inverting shunt device, and the combining device is a non-inverting device.
  • the phases of the two transmit signals are the same or opposite; correspondingly, after the reverse combiner device or the in-phase combiner device, the transmit signals with the same phase or opposite phase cancel each other.
  • an antenna pair is axially symmetrically distributed along the axis of symmetry, indicating that the two antennas of one antenna pair are axially symmetrically distributed along the axis of symmetry, that is, the two antennas are respectively located on two sides of the axis of symmetry, and the two antennas are connected to the axis of symmetry
  • the distance at any point is equal.
  • the distance between the two antennas of each antenna pair may or may not be equal.
  • the antennas of different antenna pairs can be arranged on the same straight line.
  • the two antennas of the first antenna pair form a linear column with a distance of 2 mm from the antenna to the axis of symmetry.
  • the straight line formed by the two antennas of the second antenna pair coincides with the straight line of the first antenna pair, but the distance from the antenna to the symmetry axis is 3 mm, so the straight line column of the first antenna pair and the second antenna pair is The same linear column, on which a total of 4 antennas are arranged.
  • the antenna system is suitable for a Single Input Single Output (SISO) system.
  • SISO Single Input Single Output
  • FIG. 1 a possible distribution map of the pair of transmitting antennas and the pair of receiving antennas.
  • the axis of symmetry is a horizontal axis of symmetry.
  • the axis of symmetry may also be an axis of symmetry in the vertical direction.
  • the Dividing device is exemplified by a Power divider
  • the Combining device is exemplified by a Power Combiner. In practice, other devices can be used, such as Balun.
  • the transmit antenna pair includes an antenna TX 1 and an antenna TX 2 .
  • the receiving antenna pair includes an antenna RX 1 and an antenna RX 2 .
  • the distance between the pair of transmitting antennas and the distance between the pair of receiving antennas may or may not be equal. In Fig. 1, the distance between the pair of transmitting antennas and the distance between the pair of receiving antennas are not equal, so the four antennas constitute an isosceles trapezoid.
  • the four antennas may form a rectangle when the distance between the pair of transmitting antennas and the distance between the pair of receiving antennas are equal.
  • the antenna system further includes an in-phase power divider corresponding to the pair of transmitting antennas.
  • the in-phase power splitter is configured to split one transmit signal into two transmit signals and respectively transmit them to the antenna TX 1 and the antenna TX 2 of the corresponding transmit antenna pair.
  • the transmission signal transmitted to the antenna TX 1 and the transmission signal transmitted to the antenna TX 2 are the same amplitude and the like. In other words, the two transmitted signals have the same phase and the phase difference is zero.
  • the antenna system further comprises a reverse combiner corresponding to the receiving antenna pair for The two received signals received by the two receiving antennas of the corresponding receiving antenna pair are combined into one receiving signal.
  • the two transmit signals are combined by the reverse combiner into one receive signal after passing through the equal length transmission line.
  • the signals transmitted by the transmit antenna TX 1 reach the receive antenna RX 1 and the antenna RX 2 via the spatial paths p 1 and p 4 , respectively.
  • the signals transmitted by the transmitting antenna TX 2 reach the receiving antenna RX 1 and the antenna RX 2 via the spatial paths p 2 and p 3 , respectively, to form an interference signal.
  • the two interfering signals are equal in phase when they reach the receiving antenna RX 1 and the antenna RX 2 through the channels of the spatial paths p 1 and p 2 , and then pass through the reverse combining The devices cancel each other out.
  • the interference signals passing through the spatial paths p 3 and p 4 are equally in-phase when they reach the receiving antenna RX 1 and the antenna RX 2 , and therefore cancel each other after passing through the reverse combiner at the receiving end. Therefore, the interference of the transmitted signal on the received signal is avoided.
  • the corresponding pair of transmitting antennas may be a reverse power splitter, and the two transmitted signals output from the reverse splitter are opposite in phase.
  • the pair of receiving antennas is the in-phase combiner.
  • the two interfering signals are equal-amplitude inverted when they reach the receiving antenna RX 1 and the antenna RX 2 through the channels of the spatial paths p 1 and p 2 , and then cancel each other after passing through the same direction combiner.
  • the interference signals passing through the spatial paths p 3 and p 4 are also equal amplitude inverted when they reach the receiving antenna RX 1 and the antenna RX 2 , and thus cancel each other after passing through the same direction combiner at the receiving end.
  • the antenna system is applicable to a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) scenario.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • the first transmit antenna pair includes an antenna TX 11 and an antenna TX 12 .
  • the antenna TX 11 and the antenna TX 12 are axially symmetrically distributed along the axis of symmetry.
  • the second transmit antenna pair includes an antenna TX 21 and an antenna TX 22 .
  • the antenna TX 21 and the antenna TX 22 are axially symmetrically distributed along the axis of symmetry.
  • the first receiving antenna pair includes RX 11 and antenna RX 12 .
  • the antenna RX 11 and the antenna RX 12 are axially symmetrically distributed along the axis of symmetry.
  • the second receiving antenna pair includes an antenna RX 21 and an antenna RX 22 .
  • the antenna RX 21 and the antenna RX 22 are axially symmetrically distributed along the axis of symmetry.
  • the first pair of receiving antennas and the first pair of transmitting antennas form an isosceles trapezoid.
  • the first pair of receiving antennas and the second pair of transmitting antennas form an isosceles trapezoid.
  • the second receiving antenna pair forms an isosceles trapezoid with the first transmitting antenna pair and the second transmitting antenna pair, respectively.
  • the antenna system also includes a first in-phase (reverse) splitter (not shown) having an output coupled to the first transmit antenna pair, respectively.
  • a first reverse (in-phase) combiner the first receive antenna pair being coupled to the input of the combiner.
  • the antenna system also includes a second in-phase (reverse) power splitter having an output coupled to the second transmit antenna pair, respectively.
  • a second reverse (in-phase) combiner the second receive antenna pair being coupled to the input of the combiner.
  • the received interference signal of the first transmitting antenna pair includes two pairs of equal amplitude in-phase (reverse)
  • the signals are then cancelled by the first reverse (in-phase) combiner connected to the first receive antenna pair.
  • the received interference signal of the second transmitting antenna pair also includes two pairs of equal amplitude in-phase (reverse) signals, which are then cancelled by the first reverse (in-phase) combiner.
  • the received interference signal of the first transmitting antenna pair includes two pairs of equal amplitude in-phase
  • the (reverse) signal is then cancelled by the first reverse (in-phase) combiner connected to the first receive antenna pair.
  • the received interference signal of the second transmitting antenna pair also includes two pairs of equal amplitude in-phase (reverse) signals, which are then cancelled by the first reverse (in-phase) combiner.
  • any receive antenna pair and any transmit antenna pair form an isosceles trapezoid or rectangle, so the other received antenna pairs are received.
  • the signals from each transmitting antenna pair include two pairs of equal amplitude in-phase (reverse) signals, and thus cancel each other after being combined by the reverse (in-phase) combiner. Therefore, the antenna system in this embodiment can cancel the antenna self-interference.
  • each antenna pair can be configured in various forms. Several specific examples are described below.
  • the two transmitting antennas of each transmitting antenna pair are arranged in a straight line, so that one transmitting antenna column is formed, and each transmitting antenna column includes at least one transmitting antenna pair of transmitting antennas; therefore, M
  • the transmitting antennas of the transmitting antenna pair are arranged in a straight line to form at least one transmitting antenna column; similarly, the receiving antennas of the N receiving antenna pairs are arranged in a straight line to form at least one receiving antenna column; the at least one transmitting antenna column and the at least one transmitting antenna column
  • a receiving antenna column is alternately arranged.
  • black solid dots indicate pairs of transmitting antennas
  • white circles indicate pairs of receiving antennas.
  • the transmit antenna columns of the transmit antenna pair and the receive antenna columns of the receive antenna pair are alternately arranged.
  • the transmission antenna array formed by the pair of transmitting antennas, the receiving antenna array formed by the pair of receiving antennas, the transmitting antenna array formed by the pair of transmitting antennas, and the receiving antenna array formed by the pair of receiving antennas are sequentially arranged.
  • each antenna column comprises two antenna pairs.
  • the antenna types on the same antenna column may be the same, that is, either a receiving antenna or a transmitting antenna.
  • the antenna types on the same antenna column may also be different, that is, may include a receiving antenna, and may also include a transmitting antenna.
  • the columns formed by the pair of transmitting antennas and/or the pair of receiving antennas are symmetrically distributed in another axial direction perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.
  • two transmitting antennas of each transmitting antenna pair are arranged in a straight line to form one transmitting antenna column, and M transmitting antenna pairs are arranged in a straight line to form an even number of transmitting antenna columns;
  • two receiving antennas of each receiving antenna pair Forming a receiving antenna array in a straight line, the N receiving antenna pairs are arranged in a straight line to form an even number of receiving antenna columns;
  • the even number of transmitting antenna columns are distributed on both sides of another symmetric axis perpendicular to the symmetric axis
  • the even number of receiving antenna columns are distributed on both sides of the other symmetry axis.
  • FIG. 4b in which a solid black dot indicates a pair of transmitting antennas, and a white circle indicates a pair of receiving antennas.
  • the transmitting antenna columns of the transmitting antenna pair are symmetrically distributed on the other symmetric axis on the other axis of symmetry.
  • the receiving antenna columns of the receiving antenna pair are symmetrically distributed on the other side of the other axis of symmetry with the other axis of symmetry.
  • the same antenna column may comprise different antenna types, ie a pair of symmetric transmit antenna columns in an even number of transmit antenna columns respectively coincide with a pair of symmetric receive antenna columns in the receive antenna column, in which case the transmission
  • the distance between the antenna and the axis of symmetry is not equal to the distance between the receiving antenna and the axis of symmetry.
  • the pair of transmitting antennas and the pair of receiving antennas are distributed on both sides of a boundary line perpendicular to the axis of symmetry according to the type of the antenna.
  • the M transmit antenna pairs are distributed on one side of the boundary line
  • N The pair of receiving antennas are distributed on the other side of the dividing line.
  • a solid black dot indicates a pair of transmitting antennas
  • a white circle indicates a pair of receiving antennas.
  • the pair of transmitting antennas and the pair of receiving antennas are distributed on both sides of the dividing line according to the type of the antenna. For example, in Figure 4c, from left to right, two columns of transmit antenna pairs, two columns of receive antenna pairs.
  • two transmit antennas of each transmit antenna pair form one transmit antenna column, and at least two transmit antenna pairs form a transmit antenna column, but each pair of transmit antennas and the symmetric axis of at least two transmit antenna pairs The distances between them are not equal.
  • two transmit antenna pairs are formed by a pair of transmit antennas, that is, two pairs of transmit antennas are arranged on one transmit antenna array, but the distance between the antennas of the two pairs of transmit antennas and the symmetric axis is not equal.
  • the antenna can be extended in the direction of the symmetry axis, or the antenna can be extended in a direction perpendicular to the symmetry axis, thereby improving the spatial multiplexing capability.
  • the transmitting antennas in the pair of transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas in the pair of receiving antennas are arranged in a cross-polarization manner on the same straight line perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.
  • the line inclined from the lower left corner to the upper right corner represents the transmitting antenna
  • the line inclined from the upper left corner to the lower right corner represents the receiving antenna.
  • Each line may include a pair of receiving antennas and a pair of transmitting antennas, and may also include multiple pairs of receiving antennas and pairs of transmitting antennas. When there are a large number of antenna pairs, a plurality of columns can be arranged along the direction of the symmetry axis.
  • the use of cross-polarization increases the isolation between the two antennas in a pair of cross-polarized antennas.
  • any of the transmit antenna pairs and any of the receive antenna pairs in Figures 4a-4d form an isosceles trapezoid or a rectangle, and therefore, in any of the received antenna pairs, the signals of all the transmit antenna pairs received are from
  • the signal for each transmit antenna pair consists of two pairs of equal amplitude in-phase (or reverse) signals, and therefore cancel each other after combining by the reverse (or in-phase) combiner.
  • the configuration of the antenna element shown in FIG. 4a to FIG. 4d is the same as that of the array antenna used in the cellular network system.
  • the panel antenna has the characteristics of small antenna area, mature and reliable. Therefore, the antenna pair in the embodiment of the present application can be formed by configuring the panel antenna.
  • the panel antenna includes a P-column antenna, and each column antenna adopts Q array elements, P is a positive integer, and Q is an even number.
  • Each column of antennas is either configured as a transmit antenna or configured as
  • the receiving antennas are symmetrically arranged in a manner of a central symmetry axis, and the array elements of each column of antennas are combined into Q/2 transmitting antenna pairs or receiving antenna pairs.
  • Each of the transmitting antenna pair and the receiving antenna pair respectively adopts the foregoing splitting device or combining device to perform splitting and combining, so that any receiving antenna cancels the signals of each of the received transmitting antenna pairs, thereby effectively improving transmission and reception.
  • the antenna system includes the following parts: L transceiver common antenna pairs, and two antennas of each of the L transceiver core pairs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the symmetry axis along the same symmetry axis, that is, each The transceiver common antenna pair is axially symmetrically distributed along the symmetry axis; L is a positive integer; 2L transceiver isolation devices are in one-to-one correspondence with each transceiver common antenna, and are used for isolating the received signal and the transmission signal of each transceiver shared antenna; The L branching devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the L transceivers and the shared antenna pair; the two transmitting signals are divided into two transmitting signals, and respectively sent to the corresponding two antennas of the corresponding transmitting and receiving common antenna pair by the transmitting and receiving isolation device; The combining device has
  • the transceiver is shared by the transceiver, such as a circulator, a coupler, a balun, etc., which is well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described herein.
  • each of the two antennas of the transmitting and receiving common antenna pair forms at least one transmitting and receiving common antenna column, and at least two transmitting and receiving common antenna pairs form a transmitting and receiving common antenna column, but at least two transmitting and receiving common antenna pairs are shared by each pair.
  • the distance between the antenna and the axis of symmetry is not equal to each other.
  • transceiver common antenna array formed by all the transceiver common antenna pairs are independent of each other.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the antenna system when L is 1, and the antenna system is suitable for the SISO scenario.
  • the antenna system includes a first transceiver shared antenna TR 1 and a second transceiver shared antenna TR 2 .
  • the outputs of the in-phase/reverse splitter are respectively connected to the first transceiver shared antenna TR 1 and the second transceiver shared antenna TR 2 .
  • the power splitter divides one transmit signal into two signals and sends them to the first transceiver shared antenna TR 1 and the second transceiver shared antenna TR 2 , respectively, and the phases of the two transmit signals are the same or opposite.
  • the outputs of the first transceiver shared antenna TR 1 and the second transceiver shared antenna TR 2 are connected to the input of the reverse/in-phase combiner.
  • the combiner combines the two output signals received by the first transceiver shared antenna TR 1 and the second transceiver shared antenna TR 2 into one output signal.
  • the self-interference signal received by each receiving branch mainly includes three types of components, which are: a signal that is transmitted to the receiving branch by the transmitting and receiving isolation device of the receiving branch of the receiving branch, and an antenna echo transmitting signal. And spatially transmitted signals from other antennas.
  • FIG. 6 which is a schematic diagram of a self-interference signal when the transmitting and receiving antennas are shared. 6
  • the interfering signal from the received signal y 1 comprises three main components, namely x 1 transmit signal leaking through the circulator to a receiving branch signal x 10, x 1 transmit signal formed by the antenna 1 TR The echo reflected signal x 11 and the self-interference signal x 21 corresponding to the transmitted signal x 2 from the antenna TR 2 .
  • the self-interference signal included in the received signal y 2 mainly includes three components, which are the signal x 20 of the transmitting signal x 2 leaking to the receiving branch via the circulator 1 and the echo formed by the antenna TR 2 by the transmitting signal x 1 .
  • the three types of self-interference signal components corresponding to the antenna pair TR 1 and TR 2 are equal-amplitude in-phase (reverse) signals, and thus are reversed ( The same phase) combines and cancels each other.
  • the antenna system can be applied to a MIMO scene.
  • the antenna TR 11 and the antenna TR 12 further include a second transceiver shared antenna pair.
  • the second transceiver common antenna pair includes an antenna TR 21 and an antenna TR 22 .
  • the three types of self-interference signal components corresponding to the antenna TR 11 and the antenna TR 12 are respectively equal-amplitude in-phase (reverse) signals, and thus are reversed ( The same phase) combines and cancels each other.
  • the antenna TR 21 and the antenna TR 22 the three types of self-interference signal components corresponding to the antenna TR 21 and the antenna TR 22 are respectively equal-amplitude in-phase (reverse) signals, so The reverse (in-phase) combiners cancel each other out after they are combined.
  • the spatial signal propagation path between any two transmitting and receiving common antenna pairs is completely symmetrical, so any transmitting and receiving common antenna pair receiving
  • the three types of components of the two-way self-interference signal that is, the signal that the transmitting branch of the receiving branch and the transmitting and receiving common antenna leaks to the receiving branch through the transmitting and receiving isolation device, the antenna echo reflected signal, and the spatially propagated from other antennas
  • the signals are equally in phase (or inverting), so they are canceled by the inverting (or in-phase) combining devices at the receiving end.
  • the antenna system in the embodiment of the present application can implement self-interference cancellation in a full-duplex system, and can also be applied to systems such as FDD, for example, it can replace the duplexer in the FDD system or reduce the index requirement of the duplexer.
  • the antenna system in the embodiment of the present application has high transmission and isolation isolation, low complexity, small transmission power loss, and can reuse the planar antenna structure in the existing cellular system.
  • auxiliary circuits such as adjustable attenuators, adjustable phase shifters, etc., can be used to overcome the problem of unsatisfactory and mismatched actual devices and circuits, but no matter what type of auxiliary circuit is used, Within the scope of protection of this application.
  • the antenna system includes: M transmit antenna pairs, and two transmit antennas of each of the M transmit antenna pairs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the symmetric axis along the same symmetry axis; a positive integer; N receiving antenna pairs, two receiving antennas of each of the N receiving antenna pairs are symmetrically distributed along the symmetry axis on both sides of the symmetry axis; N is a positive integer; M a splitting device, one-to-one corresponding to the M transmitting antenna pairs; configured to split one transmitting signal into two transmitting signals and respectively transmit to two transmitting antennas of corresponding transmitting antenna pairs; N combiners a one-to-one correspondence with the N receiving antenna pairs; for synthesizing two receiving signals received by two receiving antennas of a corresponding receiving antenna pair into one receiving signal; wherein the shunting device is a non-directional shunt device The combined device is a reverse combining device; or, the shunt device is an inverting shunt device, and the combined device is an in
  • any pair of transmitting antennas and any pair of receiving antennas form an isosceles trapezoid or rectangle, so all other transmissions received at any receiving antenna pair
  • the signals from each pair of transmitting antennas comprise two pairs of equal-amplitude (or opposite) signals, which are mutually canceled by the combination of the reverse (or the same) combining means.
  • multiple transmitting and receiving antenna pairs are arranged in a coaxially symmetric manner, so the spatial signal propagation path between any two antenna pairs is completely symmetrical, so that any antenna pairs the three types of self-interfering signals received by the three types of components
  • the equal amplitudes are in phase (or inverting) and therefore cancel each other out at the receiving end by inverting (or in phase) combining. Therefore, the strong interference of the transmitted signal on the received signal is reduced.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种天线系统，包括：M个发射天线对，M个发射天线对中的每个发射天线对的两个发射天线对称分布在同一对称轴的两侧；N个接收天线对，N个接收天线对中的每个接收天线对的两个接收天线对称分布在所述对称轴的两侧；M个分路器件，与M个发射天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别发送给对应的发射天线对的两个发射天线；N个合路器件，与N个接收天线对一一对应；用于将对应的接收天线对的两个接收天线接收的两路接收信号合成为一路接收信号；其中，分路器件为同向分路器件，合路器件为反向合路器件；或，分路器件为反相分路器件，合路器件为同相合路器件。

Description

一种天线系统 技术领域
本申请涉及无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线系统。
背景技术
在移动蜂窝通信系统、无线局域网(英文：Wireless Local Area Network，简称：WLAN)、固定无线接入(英文：Fixed Wireless Access，简称：FWA)等无线通信系统中，基站(英文：Base Station，简称：BS)或接入点(英文：Access Point，简称：AP)、中继站(英文：Relay Station，简称：RS)以及用户设备(英文：User Equipment，简称：UE)等通信节点通常具有发射自身信号和接收其它通信节点信号的能力。由于无线信号在无线信道中的衰减非常大，与自身的发射信号相比，来自通信对端的信号到达接收端时信号已非常微弱，例如，移动蜂窝通信系统中一个通信节点的收发信号功率差达到80dB～140dB甚至更大。因此，为了避免同一收发信机的发射信号对接收信号造成阻塞和干扰，无线信号的发送和接收通常采用不同的频段或时间段加以区分，即采用频分双工(英文：Frequency Division Duplex，简称：FDD)或时分双工(英文：Time Division Duplex，简称：TDD)方式。
为了提高频谱效率，在现有技术中可以采用全双工技术。不同于现有的FDD或TDD技术，无线全双工技术可以在相同无线信道上同时进行接收与发送操作。这样，理论上无线全双工技术的频谱效率是FDD或TDD技术的两倍。实现无线全双工的前提在于尽可能地避免、降低与消除同一收发信机的发射信号对接收信号的强干扰(称为自干扰，Self-interference)，使之不对有用信号的正确接收造成影响。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种天线系统，用以解决现有技术中的天线自干扰较 大的技术问题。
本申请第一方面提供了一种天线系统，包括：
M个发射天线对，所述M个发射天线对中的每个发射天线对的两个发射天线对称分布在同一对称轴的两侧；M为正整数；
N个接收天线对，所述N个接收天线对中的每个接收天线对的两个接收天线对称分布在所述对称轴的两侧；N为正整数；
M个分路器件，与所述M个发射天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别发送给对应的发射天线对的两个发射天线；
N个合路器件，与所述N个接收天线对一一对应；用于将对应的接收天线对的两个接收天线接收的两路接收信号合成为一路接收信号；其中，所述分路器件为同向分路器件，所述合路器件为反向合路器件；或，所述分路器件为反相分路器件，所述合路器件为同相合路器件。
本申请第二方面提供一种天线系统，包括：
L个收发共用天线对，所述L个收发共用天线对中的每个收发共用天线对的两个天线对称分布在同一对称轴的两侧；L为正整数；
2L个收发隔离器件，与每个收发共用天线一一对应，用于隔离所述每个收发共用天线的接收信号和发射信号；
L个分路器件，与所述L个收发共用天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别经所述收发隔离器件发送给对应的收发共用天线对的两个天线；
L个合路器件，与所述L个收发共用天线对一一对应；用于将对应的收发共用天线对的两个天线接收的两路接收信号分别经所述收发隔离器件后合成为一路接收信号；所述分路器件为同向分路器件，所述合路器件为反向合路器件；或，所述分路器件为反相分路器件，所述合路器件为同相合路器件。
本申请实施例中提供的一个或多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果或优点：
本申请实施例中，天线系统包括：M个发射天线对，所述M个发射天线 对中的每个发射天线对的两个发射天线沿同一对称轴对称分布在该对称轴的两侧；M为正整数；N个接收天线对，所述N个接收天线对中的每个接收天线对的两个接收天线沿所述对称轴对称分布在该对称轴的两侧；N为正整数；M个分路器件，与所述M个发射天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别发送给对应的发射天线对的两个发射天线；N个合路器件，与所述N个接收天线对一一对应；用于将对应的接收天线对的两个接收天线接收的两路接收信号合成为一路接收信号；其中，分路器件为同向分路器件，合路器件为反向合路器件；或，分路器件为反相分路器件，合路器件为同相合路器件。因为发射天线对和接收天线对以同一对称轴对称放置，即共对称轴，所以任意发射天线对和任意接收天线对构成等腰梯形或矩形，所以，在任一接收天线对接收到的其他所有发射天线对的信号中，来自每个发射天线对的信号均包括两对等幅同向(或反向)的信号，经过反向(或同向)合路器件合并后均相互抵消。对于收发共用天线，多个收发天线对采用共轴对称的方式布置，所以任意两个天线对之间的空间信号传播路径完全对称，因此任一天线对接收的两路自干扰信号的三类分量均等幅同相(或反相)，因此在接收端经反相(或同相)合并相互抵消。因此降低了发射信号对接收信号的强干扰。
附图说明
图1为本申请第一实施例中SISO场景下天线对的配置结构图；
图2a-图2b为本申请第一实施例中SISO场景下的天线系统的结构图；
图3为本申请第一实施例中MIMO场景下天线对的配置结构图；
图4a-图4d为本申请第一实施例中MIMO场景下天线对的不同配置结构图；
图5为本申请第二实施例中SISO场景下天线对的配置结构图；
图6为本申请第二实施例中每个接收支路的自干扰信号的组成示意图；
图7为本申请第二实施例中MIMO场景下天线系统的结构图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供一种天线系统，用以解决现有技术中的天线自干扰较大的技术问题。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
首先描述发射天线和接收天线在物理上是相互独立的情况下，本申请实施例中的天线系统的组成。该天线系统包括以下部分：M个发射天线对，M个发射天线对中的每个发射天线对的两个发射天线沿同一对称轴对称分布在所述对称轴的两侧，即每个发射天线对的两个发射天线沿所述对称轴呈轴对称分布；M为正整数。
N个接收天线对，N个接收天线对中的每个接收天线对的两个接收天线沿所述对称轴对称分布在所述对称轴的两侧，即每个接收天线对的两个接收天线沿所述对称轴呈轴对称分布；N为正整数。
M个分路器件，与M个发射天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别发送给对应的发射天线对的两个发射天线。
N个合路器件，与N个接收天线对一一对应；用于将对应的接收天线对的两个接收天线接收的两路接收信号合成为一路接收信号；其中，分路器件为同向分路器件，合路器件为反向合路器件；或，分路器件为反相分路器件，合路器件为同相合路器件。换言之，经过分路器件之后，两路发射信号的相位相同或相反；对应的，经过反向合路器件或同相合路器件之后，相位相同或相反的发射信号就会相互抵消。
其中，一个天线对沿对称轴呈轴对称分布，表示一个天线对的两个天线沿对称轴呈轴对称分布，即该两个天线分别位于对称轴的两边，且两个天线到该对称轴的任意一点的距离相等。每一个天线对的两个天线之间的距离可以相等，也可以不相等。在不相等的情况下，不同天线对的天线可以排布在同一条直线列上。举例来说，第一个天线对的两个天线形成一个直线列，天线到对称轴的距离的为2mm。第二个天线对的两个天线形成的直线列与第一天线对的直线列重合，但是天线到对称轴的距离为3mm，所以第一个天线对和第二个天线对的直线列即为同一个直线列，在该直线列上，共布置有4个天线。
举例来说，当M和N均为1时，该天线系统适用于单输入单输出(英文：Single Input Single Output，简称：SISO)系统。请参考图1所示，为发射天线对和接收天线对的一种可能的分布图。在本实施例中，对称轴为水平对称轴。在具体实施过程中，对称轴也可以是垂直方向上的对称轴。在本实施例以及下述实施例中，分路器件(Dividing device)以功分器(Power divider)为例，合路器件(Combining device)以合路器(Power combiner)为例。在实际运用中，可以采用其它器件，例如巴伦(Balun)。
其中，发射天线对包括天线TX1和天线TX2。接收天线对包括天线RX1和天线RX2。发射天线对之间的距离和接收天线对之间的距离可以相等也可以不相等。在图1中，发射天线对之间的距离和接收天线对之间的距离不相等，所以四个天线构成等腰梯形。当发射天线对之间的距离和接收天线对之间的距离相等时，四个天线可以构成矩形。
接下来请再参考图2a所示，该天线系统还包括1个同相功分器，与发射天线对对应。同相功分器用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别发送给对应的发射天线对的天线TX1和天线TX2。其中，发送到天线TX1的发射信号和发送到天线TX2的发射信号是同幅等项的。换言之，该两路发射信号的相位相同，相位之差为0。
相应的，该天线系统还包括1个反向合路器，与接收天线对对应，用于 将对应的接收天线对的两个接收天线接收的两路接收信号合成为一路接收信号。
然后，两路发射信号经过等长的传输线后由反向合路器合并为一路接收信号。请继续参考图2a所示，发射天线TX1发射的信号分别经过空间路径p1和p4到达接收天线RX1和天线RX2。同理，发射天线TX2发射的信号分别经过空间路径p2和p3到达接收天线RX1和天线RX2形成干扰信号。由于发射天线对和接收天线对构成等腰梯形，所以两路干扰信号经过空间路径p1和p2的信道到达接收天线RX1和天线RX2时是等幅同相的，然后经过反向合路器后相互抵消。同样地，经过空间路径p3和p4的干扰信号到达接收天线RX1和天线RX2时也是等幅同相，因此经过接收端的反向合路器后相互抵消。因此避免了发射信号对接收信号的干扰。
当然，在实际运用中，与发射天线对对应的可以是反向功分器，从反向功分器输出的两路发射信号的相位相反。而与接收天线对对应的是同相合路器。请参考图2b所示。因此，两路干扰信号经过空间路径p1和p2的信道到达接收天线RX1和天线RX2时是等幅反相的，然后经过同向合路器后相互抵消。同样地，经过空间路径p3和p4的干扰信号到达接收天线RX1和天线RX2时也是等幅反相，因此经过接收端的同向合路器后相互抵消。
接下来介绍当M和N均大于1的情况，此时该天线系统适用于多输入多输出(英文：Multiple Input Multiple Output，简称：MIMO)场景中。
以M和N分别取值为2为例，请参考图3所示，第一发射天线对包括天线TX11和天线TX12。天线TX11和天线TX12沿对称轴呈轴对称分布。第二发射天线对包括天线TX21和天线TX22。天线TX21和天线TX22沿对称轴呈轴对称分布。第一接收天线对包括RX11和天线RX12。天线RX11和天线RX12沿对称轴呈轴对称分布。第二接收天线对包括天线RX21和天线RX22。天线RX21和天线RX22沿对称轴呈轴对称分布。在本实施例中，第一接收天线对和第一发射天线对形成等腰梯形。第一接收天线对和第二发射天线对形成等腰梯形。 同理，第二接收天线对分别和第一发射天线对以及第二发射天线对形成等腰梯形。
该天线系统还包括第一同相(反向)功分器(未图示)，该功分器的输出端分别连接至第一发射天线对。第一反向(同相)合路器，第一接收天线对连接至该合路器的输入端。该天线系统还包括第二同相(反向)功分器，该功分器的输出端分别连接至第二发射天线对。第二反向(同相)合路器，第二接收天线对连接至该合路器的输入端。
对于第一接收天线对来说，因为和第一发射天线对和第二发送天线对均构成等腰梯形，所以接收到的第一发射天线对的干扰信号中包括两对等幅同相(反向)的信号，然后经过与第一接收天线对连接的第一反向(同相)合路器合并后相互抵消。接收到的第二发射天线对的干扰信号中也包括两对等幅同相(反向)的信号，然后经过第一反向(同相)合路器合并后相互抵消。同样的，对于第二接收天线对来说，因为和第一发射天线对和第二发送天线对均构成等腰梯形，所以接收到的第一发射天线对的干扰信号中包括两对等幅同相(反向)的信号，然后经过与第一接收天线对连接的第一反向(同相)合路器合并后相互抵消。接收到的第二发射天线对的干扰信号中也包括两对等幅同相(反向)的信号，然后经过第一反向(同相)合路器合并后相互抵消。
因此，依此类推，对于M个发射天线对和N个接收天线对来说，任一接收天线对和任一发射天线对都形成等腰梯形或矩形，所以在任一接收天线对接收到的其它所有发射天线对的干扰信号中，来自每个发射天线对的信号均包括两对等幅同相(反向)的信号，因此经过反向(同相)合路器合并后相互抵消。因此，本实施例中的天线系统能够抵消天线自干扰。
在该天线系统包括较多对发射天线对和接收天线对时，每个天线对的配置方式可以有多种形式，以下举几个具体的例子进行说明。
第一例，每个发射天线对的两个发射天线为直线排布，所以形成一个发射天线列，每个发射天线列包括至少一个发射天线对的发射天线；所以M个 发射天线对的发射天线按直线排布形成至少一个发射天线列；类似的，N个接收天线对的接收天线按直线排布形成至少一个接收天线列；所述至少一个发射天线列和所述至少一个接收天线列交替排布。具体请参考图4a所示。其中，黑色的实心圆点表示发射天线对，白色圆圈表示接收天线对。由图4a可以看出，在对称轴的方向上，发射天线对的发射天线列和接收天线对的接收天线列是交替排布的。例如从左往右，依次是发射天线对形成的发射天线列、接收天线对形成的接收天线列、发射天线对形成的发射天线列、接收天线对形成的接收天线列。
每个天线列上可以只有一个天线对，也可以有多个天线对。如图4a中所示，每个天线列包括两个天线对。可选的，同一天线列上的天线类型可以相同，即要么是接收天线，要么是发射天线。可选的，如图4b所示，同一天线列上的天线类型也可以不同，即可以包括接收天线，也可以包括发射天线。
第二例，发射天线对和/或接收天线对形成的列以与对称轴垂直的另一轴向对称分布。具体来说，每个发射天线对的两个发射天线按直线排布形成一个发射天线列，M个发射天线对按直线排布形成偶数个发射天线列；每个接收天线对的两个接收天线对按直线排布形成一个接收天线列，N个接收天线对按直线排布形成偶数个接收天线列；所述偶数个发射天线列分布在与所述对称轴垂直的另一对称轴的两侧；所述偶数个接收天线列分布在所述另一对称轴的两侧。具体请参考图4b所示，其中，黑色的实心圆点表示发射天线对，白色圆圈表示接收天线对。在本实施例中，发射天线对的发射天线列以另一对称轴对称分布在另一对称轴两边。同样，接收天线对的接收天线列以所述另一对称轴对称分布在所述另一对称轴两边。考虑到同一天线列可能包括不同的天线类型，即偶数个发射天线列中的一对对称的发射天线列分别与接收天线列中的一对对称的接收天线列重合，在这种情况下，发射天线和所述对称轴之间的距离与接收天线和所述对称轴之间的距离不相等。
第三例，发射天线对和接收天线对按照天线的类型分布在与所述对称轴垂直的分界线的两侧。具体来说，M个发射天线对分布在分界线的一侧，N 个接收天线对分布在分界线的另一侧。具体请参考图4c所示，其中，黑色的实心圆点表示发射天线对，白色圆圈表示接收天线对。发射天线对和接收天线对按照天线的类型分布在分界线的两侧。例如，在图4c中，从左往右，两列发射天线对、两列接收天线对。
可选的，每个发射天线对的两个发射天线形成一个发射天线列，至少两个发射天线对形成的发射天线列重合，但是至少两个发射天线对的每对发射天线和所述对称轴之间的距离互不相等。例如在本实施例中，两个发射天线对形成的发射天线列重合，即一个发射天线列上布置有两对发射天线，但是这两对发射天线的天线和所述对称轴之间的距离不相等。
以上各种排布方式，即可以在沿对称轴方向扩展天线，也可以在与对称轴垂直的方向扩展天线，所以提高了空间复用能力。
第四例，发射天线对中的发射天线和接收天线对中的接收天线采用交叉极化的方式排列在与对称轴垂直的同一条直线上。具体请参考图4d所示，其中，由左下角向右上角倾斜的线表示发射天线，由左上角向右下角倾斜的线表示接收天线。每一条直线上可以包括一对接收天线和一对发射天线，也可以包括多对接收天线和多对发射天线。当天线对较多时，可以沿对称轴方向排列多列列。采用交叉极化的方式可以增加交叉极化天线对中的两个天线之间的隔离度。
可以看出，在图4a-图4d中的任一发射天线对和任一接收天线对均构成等腰梯形或矩形，因此，在任一接收天线对接收到的所有发射天线对的信号中，来自每个发射天线对的信号均包括两对等幅同相(或反向)的信号，因此经过反向(或同相)合路器合并后均相互抵消。
在实际运用中，图4a-图4d所示的天线阵元的配置结构，与蜂窝网系统中常用的平板天线(Panel Antenna)所采用的阵元配置结构相同。平板天线具有天线面积小、成熟可靠等特点。因此，可以通过配置平板天线形成本申请实施例中的天线对。具体来说，平板天线包括P列天线，每列天线采用Q个阵元，P为正整数，Q为偶数。将每列天线要么配置为发射天线，要么配置为 接收天线，每列采用中心对称轴的方式对称，将每列天线的阵元组合成Q/2个发射天线对或接收天线对。每个发射天线对和接收天线对分别采用前述的分路器件或合路器件进行分路和合路，从而使得任一接收天线对接收到的每个发射天线对的信号均相互抵消，有效提高收发之间的隔离度。
接下来介绍发射天线和接收天线在物理上为同一个元件的情况，即收发共用天线时的天线系统的组成。该天线系统包括以下部分：L个收发共用天线对，L个收发共用天线对中的每个收发共用天线对的两个天线沿同一对称轴对称分布在所述对称轴的两侧，即每个收发共用天线对沿所述对称轴呈轴对称分布；L为正整数；2L个收发隔离器件，与每个收发共用天线一一对应，用于隔离每个收发共用天线的接收信号和发射信号；L个分路器件，与L个收发共用天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别经收发隔离器件发送给对应的收发共用天线对的两个天线；L个合路器件，与L个收发共用天线对一一对应；用于将对应的收发共用天线对的两个天线接收的两路接收信号分别经所述收发隔离器件后合成为一路接收信号；其中，分路器件为同向分路器件，合路器件为反向合路器件；或，分路器件为反相分路器件，合路器件为同相合路器件。
其中，分路器件和合路器件的含义与前述实施例中的含义相同，所以在此不再赘述。
可选的，在收发共用天线中，通过收发隔离器件，如环形器、耦合器、巴伦等实现收发共用，该部分为本领域技术人员所熟知的内容，所以在此不再赘述。
可选的，每个收发共用天线对的两个天线形成至少一个收发共用天线列，至少两个收发共用天线对形成的收发共用天线列重合，但至少两个收发共用天线对的每对收发共用天线和所述对称轴之间的距离互不相等。
当然，也可以是所有收发共用天线对形成的收发共用天线列两两相互独立。
请参考图5所示，为L取值为1时的天线系统的结构图，此时，该天线 系统适用于SISO场景。该天线系统包括第一收发共用天线TR1和第二收发共用天线TR2。同相/反向功分器的输出端分别连接于第一收发共用天线TR1和第二收发共用天线TR2。功分器将一路发射信号分为两路信号，分别发送给第一收发共用天线TR1和第二收发共用天线TR2，这两路发射信号的相位相同或相反。第一收发共用天线TR1和第二收发共用天线TR2的输出端连接至反向/同相合路器的输入端。合路器将第一收发共用天线TR1和第二收发共用天线TR2接收的两路输出信号合成一路输出信号。
每个接收支路收到的自干扰信号主要包括三类分量，分别为：与该接收支路收发共用天线的发射支路经收发隔离器件泄露到该接收支路的信号、天线回波发射信号以及经空间传播的来自其他天线的信号。接下来请参考图6所示，为收发天线共用时的自干扰信号的示意图。如图6所示，接收信号y1包含的自干扰信号主要包括三个分量，分别为发射信号x1经环形器1泄露到接收支路的信号x10、发射信号x1由天线TR1形成的回波反射信号x11以及来自天线TR2的发射信号x2对应的自干扰信号x21。同样的，接收信号y2包含的自干扰信号主要包括三个分量，分别为发射信号x2经环形器1泄露到接收支路的信号x20、发射信号x1由天线TR2形成的回波反射信号x22以及来自天线TR1的发射信号x1对应的自干扰信号x12。
在采用的收发隔离器件、天线等具有相同的电气特性时，天线对TR1和TR2对应的这三类自干扰信号分量，均分别为等幅同相(反向)信号，因此经过反向(同相)合路器合并后均相互抵消。
接下来介绍L取值为2的天线系统的结构图，该天线系统可以适用于MIMO的场景。请参考图7所示，与图5不同的是，在本实施例中，除了第一收发共用天线对，天线TR11和天线TR12，还包括第二收发共用天线对。第二收发共用天线对包括天线TR21和天线TR22。
对于第一收发共用天线对，天线TR11和天线TR12而言，天线TR11和天线TR12对应的三类自干扰信号分量均分别为等幅同相(反向)信号，因此经过反向(同相)合路器合并后均相互抵消。同样的，对于第二收发共用天线 对，天线TR21和天线TR22而言，天线TR21和天线TR22对应的三类自干扰信号分量均分别为等幅同相(反向)信号，因此经过反向(同相)合路器合并后均相互抵消。
当L大于2时，依此类推，因为多个收发共用天线对采用共轴对称的配置方式，任意两个收发共用天线对之间的空间信号传播路径完全对称，因此任一收发共用天线对接收的两路自干扰信号的三类分量，即与接收支路收发共用天线的发射支路经收发隔离器件泄漏到该接收支路的信号、天线回波反射信号、以及经空间传播的来自其它天线的信号，均等幅同相(或反相)，因此在接收端经反相(或同相)合路器件合并相互抵消。
本申请实施例中的天线系统可以实现全双工系统中的自干扰抵消，也可应用于FDD等系统，例如，可以替代FDD系统中的双工器或降低双工器的指标要求。本申请实施例中的天线系统的收发隔离度高，复杂度低、发射功率损耗小，可重用现有蜂窝系统中的平板天线结构。
本领域的技术人员可以理解，本发明中采用的天线、分路器件、合路器件、收发隔离器件等模拟器件和电路，在实际系统中受制造工艺和加工精度的限制，电气特性不可能理想地完全相同，因此，本申请中所用的“等幅”、“同相”、“反相”等描述，均是原理性的。实际实现中，可以通过增加一些辅助电路，如可调衰减器、可调移相器等，来克服实际器件和电路的不理想、不匹配的问题，但无论采用何种类型的辅助电路，均在本申请的保护范围内。
申请实施例中提供的一个或多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果或优点：
本申请实施例中，天线系统包括：M个发射天线对，所述M个发射天线对中的每个发射天线对的两个发射天线沿同一对称轴对称分布在该对称轴的两侧；M为正整数；N个接收天线对，所述N个接收天线对中的每个接收天线对的两个接收天线沿所述对称轴对称分布在该对称轴的两侧；N为正整数；M个分路器件，与所述M个发射天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别发送给对应的发射天线对的两个发射天线；N个合路器 件，与所述N个接收天线对一一对应；用于将对应的接收天线对的两个接收天线接收的两路接收信号合成为一路接收信号；其中，分路器件为同向分路器件，合路器件为反向合路器件；或，分路器件为反相分路器件，合路器件为同相合路器件。因为发射天线对和接收天线对以同一对称轴对称放置，即共对称轴，所以任意发射天线对和任意接收天线对构成等腰梯形或矩形，所以，在任一接收天线对接收到的其他所有发射天线对的信号中，来自每个发射天线对的信号均包括两对等幅同向(或反向)的信号，经过反向(或同向)合路器件合并后均相互抵消。对于收发共用天线，多个收发天线对采用共轴对称的方式布置，所以任意两个天线对之间的空间信号传播路径完全对称，因此任一天线对接收的两路自干扰信号的三类分量均等幅同相(或反相)，因此在接收端经反相(或同相)合并相互抵消。因此降低了发射信号对接收信号的强干扰。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种天线系统，其特征在于，包括：
    M个发射天线对，所述M个发射天线对中的每个发射天线对的两个发射天线对称分布在同一对称轴的两侧；M为正整数；
    N个接收天线对，所述N个接收天线对中的每个接收天线对的两个接收天线对称分布在所述对称轴的两侧；N为正整数；
    M个分路器件，与所述M个发射天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别发送给对应的发射天线对的两个发射天线；
    N个合路器件，与所述N个接收天线对一一对应；用于将对应的接收天线对的两个接收天线接收的两路接收信号合成为一路接收信号；其中，所述分路器件为同向分路器件，所述合路器件为反向合路器件；或，所述分路器件为反相分路器件，所述合路器件为同相合路器件。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述M个发射天线对的发射天线按直线排布形成至少一个发射天线列，每个发射天线列包括至少一个发射天线对的发射天线；所述N个接收天线对的接收天线按直线排布形成至少一个接收天线列，每个接收天线列包括至少一个接收天线对的接收天线；所述发射天线列和所述接收天线列交替排布。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述M个发射天线对的发射天线按直线排布形成偶数个发射天线列；所述发射天线列对称分布在与所述对称轴垂直的另一对称轴的两侧；所述N个接收天线对的接收天线按直线排布形成偶数个接收天线列，所述接收天线列对称分布在所述另一对称轴的两侧。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述偶数个发射天线列中的一对对称的发射天线列分别与所述接收天线列中的一对对称的接收天线列重合，所述一对对称发射天线列上的发射天线和所述对称轴之间的距离与所述一对对称的接收天线列上的接收天线和所述对称轴之间的距离不同。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述M个发射天线对分布在与所述对称轴垂直的分界线的一侧，所述N个接收天线对分布在所述分界线的另一侧。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述每个发射天线对的两个发射天线形成一个发射天线列，至少两个发射天线对形成的发射天线列重合，所述至少两个发射天线对的每对发射天线和所述对称轴之间的距离互不相等。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述发射天线对中的发射天线和所述接收天线对中的接收天线采用交叉极化的方式排列在与所述对称轴垂直的同一条直线上。
  8. 一种天线系统，其特征在于，包括：
    L个收发共用天线对，所述L个收发共用天线对中的每个收发共用天线对的两个天线对称分布在同一对称轴的两侧；L为正整数；
    2L个收发隔离器件，与每个收发共用天线一一对应，用于隔离所述每个收发共用天线的接收信号和发射信号；
    L个分路器件，与所述L个收发共用天线对一一对应；用于将一路发射信号分为两路发射信号，分别经所述收发隔离器件发送给对应的收发共用天线对的两个天线；
    L个合路器件，与所述L个收发共用天线对一一对应；用于将对应的收发共用天线对的两个天线接收的两路接收信号分别经所述收发隔离器件后合成为一路接收信号；所述分路器件为同向分路器件，所述合路器件为反向合路器件；或，所述分路器件为反相分路器件，所述合路器件为同相合路器件。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述每个收发共用天线对的两个天线形成至少一个收发共用天线列，至少两个收发共用天线对形成的收发共用天线列重合，所述至少两个收发共用天线对的每对收发共用天线和所述对称轴之间的距离互不相等。
PCT/CN2014/087133 2014-09-22 2014-09-22 一种天线系统 WO2016044984A1 (zh)

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EP14902738.5A EP3185359B1 (en) 2014-09-22 2014-09-22 Antenna system
CN201480081518.0A CN106663872B (zh) 2014-09-22 2014-09-22 一种天线系统
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