WO2015041017A1 - 二次電池 - Google Patents

二次電池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015041017A1
WO2015041017A1 PCT/JP2014/072384 JP2014072384W WO2015041017A1 WO 2015041017 A1 WO2015041017 A1 WO 2015041017A1 JP 2014072384 W JP2014072384 W JP 2014072384W WO 2015041017 A1 WO2015041017 A1 WO 2015041017A1
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Prior art keywords
secondary battery
container
extensible sheet
negative electrode
positive electrode
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2014/072384
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
暁宏 茂出木
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Envision AESC Energy Devices Ltd
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NEC Energy Devices Ltd
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Priority to US15/023,091 priority Critical patent/US9871238B2/en
Priority to JP2015537621A priority patent/JPWO2015041017A1/ja
Publication of WO2015041017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015041017A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/474—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chargeable / dischargeable secondary battery.
  • Secondary batteries that can be charged and discharged are used in hybrid cars, electric cars, or electric assist bicycles.
  • the secondary battery is configured by, for example, a battery element in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are stacked via a separator made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like, and housed in a container together with an electrolytic solution.
  • the secondary battery configured as described above, for example, when a sharp metal piece such as a nail pierces the container, a short circuit occurs between the positive electrode and the negative electrode due to the metal piece, and an excessive current flows. There is a risk that the battery will generate heat and the battery will explode or ignite.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a method of preventing a short circuit from occurring between the positive electrode and the negative electrode when a metal piece pierces the battery container. Specifically, by arranging a polymer sheet having an elongation rate of 1% or more on the outer peripheral surface of the container, when the metal piece pierces the container, the polymer sheet extends along the metal piece and Can cover the sides. As a result, since a polymer sheet with extremely low electrical conductivity is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, it is possible to prevent a short circuit from occurring between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and to prevent the battery from bursting or igniting. Can be prevented.
  • Patent Document 1 since a polymer sheet having extremely low electrical conductivity is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the container, when the metal piece pierces the container, the metal piece is inserted between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. A short circuit is prevented.
  • the battery element composed of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is in a state where energy is accumulated. Therefore, if the polymer sheet breaks in any moment, a short circuit occurs between the positive electrode and the negative electrode through the metal piece, an excessive current flows instantaneously, the battery generates heat, and the battery may explode or ignite There is.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery that solves the problem that a container may rupture or ignite when a metal piece pierces the container.
  • the secondary battery of the present invention is at least partially surrounded by an extensible sheet having an extensibility of surface resistivity of 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ / sq to 10 10 ⁇ / sq, and is housed in a container together with the electrolyte. And a battery element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated or wound with a separator interposed therebetween.
  • the energy stored in the battery element is gradually released, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery from being ruptured or ignited.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a secondary battery according to the present invention. It is the schematic which shows a mode when a metal piece pierces the secondary battery of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of other embodiment of the secondary battery which concerns on this invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a secondary battery of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a secondary battery having a battery element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and can also be applied to a secondary battery having a battery element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound via a separator.
  • a positive electrode 1 and a negative electrode 2 are laminated via a separator 3 to form a battery element 4.
  • the battery element 4 is accommodated in the container 5 together with the electrolytic solution.
  • One end of the positive electrode tab 6 is located in the container 5 and connected to each positive electrode 1, and the other end of the positive electrode tab 6 is located outside the container 5.
  • One end of the negative electrode tab 7 is located in the container 5 and connected to each negative electrode 2, and the other end of the negative electrode tab 7 is located outside the container 5.
  • the positive electrode tab 6 and the negative electrode tab 7 are located on two opposing surfaces of the container 5, but the positive electrode tab 6 and the negative electrode tab 7 may be located in the same direction.
  • the extensible sheet 11 is disposed so as to cover the battery element 4.
  • the extensible sheet 11 in the present invention is characterized by having a surface resistivity of 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ / sq to 10 10 ⁇ / sq and an elongation of 10% or more.
  • Examples of the extensible sheet 11 include a polyurethane film and cellophane.
  • the extensible sheet 11 has extensibility. Therefore, the metal piece 20 extends along the metal piece 20 that penetrates the container 5. Can be covered. As a result, the extensible sheet 11 is interposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2.
  • Patent Document 1 which is an example of the related art described above, a polymer sheet having extremely low electrical conductivity was used. However, the extensible sheet 11 of the present invention has a resistance of 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ / sq to 10 10 ⁇ / sq. Has surface resistivity.
  • the surface resistivity is on the order of 10 ⁇ 3
  • the surface resistivity is on the order of 10 11 or more. That is, unlike the polymer sheet of Patent Document 1, the extensible sheet of the present invention has a little electrical conductivity, so that a small amount of electricity can flow. Therefore, the extensible sheet 11 is brought into contact with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 by the metal piece 20, and a short circuit is caused by the extensible sheet 11, and a short circuit current flows through the extensible sheet 11, thereby The energy held by the element 4 is gradually released. Since the energy held by the battery element 4 is gradually released, the secondary battery generates heat, and the risk of explosion or ignition is suppressed.
  • the extensible sheet 11 is disposed between the battery element 4 and the inner wall surface of the container 5 so as to cover the battery element 4, but for example, as shown in FIG.
  • the extensible sheet 11 can also be arranged so as to cover the outside.
  • the container 5 can be comprised with the laminate film which covers both surfaces of metal layers, such as aluminum foil, with a resin layer, and at least one layer can also be comprised with the extensible sheet

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

　短絡による破裂や発火を防止することができる二次電池を提供する。本発明の二次電池１０は、表面抵抗率が１０－２Ω／ｓｑ～１０１０Ω／ｓｑの伸長性を有する伸長性シート１１によって少なくとも一部が囲まれており、電解液とともに容器５に収容された、正極電極１と負極電極２とがセパレータ３を介して積層または巻回した電池要素４を有する。

Description

二次電池
　本発明は、充放電可能な二次電池に関する。
　ハイブリッドカー、電気自動車、あるいは電動アシスト自転車などに、充放電ができる二次電池が用いられている。
　二次電池は、例えば、複数の正極電極と複数の負極電極とをポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどからなるセパレータを介して積層された電池要素が電解液とともに容器に収容され密封されて構成される。
　上記のように構成された二次電池の場合、例えば釘などの鋭利な金属片が容器に突き刺さった場合、金属片によって正極電極と負極電極との間で短絡が生じ、過大な電流が流れ、電池が発熱し、電池が破裂または発火する危険がある。
　そこで、関連技術の一例として、特許文献１には、金属片が電池容器に突き刺さった時に正極電極と負極電極との間に短絡が生じないようにする方法が開示されている。具体的には、容器の外周面に伸び率が１％以上の高分子シートを配置することで、金属片が容器に突き刺さった場合に、高分子シートが金属片に沿って延びて金属片の側面を覆うことができる。その結果、正極電極と負極電極との間には電気伝導性が極めて低い高分子シートが介在するため、正極電極と負極電極との間で短絡が生じることを防止でき、電池の破裂や発火を防止することができる。
特開２００２－１５１１５９号公報
　上記の特許文献１の場合、容器の外周面に電気伝導性の極めて低い高分子シートが配置されているため、金属片が容器に突き刺さった場合、正極電極と負極電極との間で金属片を介した短絡が防止される。しかしながら、正極電極と負極電極からなる電池要素はエネルギーが蓄積された状態にある。そのため、なんらかの拍子に高分子シートが破れると、金属片を介して正極電極と負極電極との間で短絡が生じ、瞬時に過大な電流が流れ、電池が発熱し、電池が破裂または発火する危険がある。
　本発明の目的は、容器に金属片が突き刺さった時に破裂または発火する可能性がある、といった課題を解決する二次電池を提供することにある。
　本発明の二次電池は、表面抵抗率が１０－２Ω／ｓｑ～１０１０Ω／ｓｑの伸長性を有する伸長性シートによって少なくとも一部が囲まれており、電解液とともに容器に収容された、正極電極と負極電極とがセパレータを介して積層または巻回した電池要素を有する。
　本発明によれば、電池要素に蓄積されたエネルギーが徐々に放出されるため、二次電池の破裂や発火を防止することができる。
本発明に係る二次電池の一実施形態の断面概略図である。 本発明の二次電池に金属片が突き刺さった時の様子を示す概略図である。 本発明に係る二次電池の他の実施形態の概略断面図である。
　以下に、添付の図面に基づき、本発明の実施の形態の詳細について説明する。なお、同一の機能を有する構成には添付図面中、同一の番号を付与し、その説明を省略することがある。
　図１は、本発明の二次電池の一実施形態の概略構成図である。なお、図１では、正極電極と負極電極とがセパレータを介して積層された電池要素を有する二次電池を示している。しかしながら、本発明はこれに限定されず、正極電極と負極電極とがセパレータを介して巻回した電池要素を有する二次電池にも適用可能である。
　正極電極１と負極電極２とがセパレータ３を介して積層され、電池要素４が形成されている。電池要素４は電解液とともに容器５内に収容されている。正極タブ６の一方の端部は容器５内に位置し、各正極電極１と接続されており、正極タブ６の他方の端部は容器５の外部に位置している。また、負極タブ７の一方の端部は容器５内に位置し、各負極電極２と接続されており、負極タブ７の他方の端部は容器５の外部に位置している。本実施形態では、正極タブ６と負極タブ７とが容器５の対向する２つの面に位置しているが、正極タブ６と負極タブ７とが同じ方向に位置していても構わない。
　本発明の二次電池１０では、電池要素４を覆うように伸長性シート１１が配置されている。本発明における伸長性シート１１は、表面抵抗率が１０－２Ω／ｓｑ～１０１０Ω／ｓｑかつ、伸び率が１０％以上であることを特徴としている。伸長性シート１１としては、例えばポリウレタンフィルムやセロハンなどが挙げられる。
　図２に示すように、釘などの鋭利な金属片２０が容器５に突き刺さった時、伸長性シート１１は伸長性を有するので、容器５を貫いた金属片２０に沿って延びて金属片２０を覆うことができる。その結果、正極電極１と負極電極２との間には伸長性シート１１が介在する。上述した関連技術の一例である特許文献１では、電気伝導性が極めて低い高分子シートを用いていたが、本願発明の伸長性シート１１は、１０－２Ω／ｓｑ～１０１０Ω／ｓｑの表面抵抗率を有する。例えば導電性を有するアルミニウムシートの場合、表面抵抗率は１０－３オーダーであり、例えば絶縁性を有する一般的な帯電防止フィルムの場合、表面抵抗率は１０１１オーダー以上である。つまり、本願発明の伸長性シートは、特許文献１の高分子シートとは異なり、少しの導電性を有するため、少量の電気を流すことが可能である。そのため、金属片２０によって伸長性シート１１は正極電極１と負極電極２とに接触するとともに、伸長性シート１１によって短絡が生じ、伸長性シート１１を介して微小な短絡電流が流れることで、電池要素４が保持するエネルギーが徐々に放出される。電池要素４が保持するエネルギーが徐々に放出されることで、二次電池が発熱し、破裂や発火する危険が抑制される。
　なお、上述の実施形態では、電池要素４を覆うように電池要素４と容器５の内壁面との間に伸長性シート１１を配置していたが、例えば図３に示すように、容器５の外側を覆うように伸長性シート１１を配置することもできる。また、容器５は、アルミ箔などの金属層の両面を樹脂層で覆ってなるラミネートフィルムで構成でき、樹脂層のうち少なくとも一層を伸長性シート１１で構成することもできる。
　以上、実施形態を参照して本願発明を説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。本願発明の構成や詳細には、本願発明の範囲内で当業者が理解し得る様々な変更をすることができる。
　この出願は、２０１３年９月２０日に出願された日本出願特願２０１３－１９５３６８を基礎とする優先権を主張し、その開示の全てをここに取り込む。
１　正極電極
２　負極電極
３　セパレータ
４　電池要素
５　容器
１０　二次電池
１１　伸長性シート
 

Claims (5)

  1. 　表面抵抗率が１０－２Ω／ｓｑ～１０１０Ω／ｓｑの伸長性を有する伸長性シートによって少なくとも一部が囲まれており、電解液とともに容器に収容された、正極電極と負極電極とがセパレータを介して積層または巻回した電池要素を有する、二次電池。
  2. 　前記伸長性シートは前記電池要素と前記容器の内壁面との間に配置されている、請求項１に記載の二次電池。
  3. 　前記伸長性シートは、前記容器の外側を覆うように配置されている、請求項１に記載の二次電池。
  4. 　前記容器は複数の層で構成されるラミネートフィルムからなり、前記複数の層のうちの少なくとも一層が、前記伸長性シートからなる、請求項１に記載の二次電池。
  5. 　前記伸長性シートの伸び率が１０％以上である、請求項１から４のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。
PCT/JP2014/072384 2013-09-20 2014-08-27 二次電池 Ceased WO2015041017A1 (ja)

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US15/023,091 US9871238B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2014-08-27 Secondary battery
JP2015537621A JPWO2015041017A1 (ja) 2013-09-20 2014-08-27 二次電池

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WO2020072838A1 (en) * 2018-10-03 2020-04-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Resistive polymer membranes for energy storage devices

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