WO2015036315A1 - Procédé de traitement thermique d'un gisement de pétrole souterrain - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement thermique d'un gisement de pétrole souterrain Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015036315A1
WO2015036315A1 PCT/EP2014/068866 EP2014068866W WO2015036315A1 WO 2015036315 A1 WO2015036315 A1 WO 2015036315A1 EP 2014068866 W EP2014068866 W EP 2014068866W WO 2015036315 A1 WO2015036315 A1 WO 2015036315A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
injection
oil reservoir
strand
underground
fracking
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PCT/EP2014/068866
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir Stehle
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Wintershall Holding GmbH
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Publication of WO2015036315A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015036315A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/592—Compositions used in combination with generated heat, e.g. by steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2405—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection in association with fracturing or crevice forming processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the thermal treatment of an underground oil reservoir and to a process for the production of oil from a subterranean oil reservoir.
  • petroleum In natural petroleum reservoirs, petroleum is generally present in the voids of porous reservoirs which are closed to the surface by impermeable facings.
  • underground oil reservoirs In addition to crude oil and natural gas, underground oil reservoirs generally contain more or less saline water. This water is also called deposit water or formation water.
  • deposit water In the cavities in which the petroleum is present, it may be very fine cavities, capillaries, pores or the like. The cavities may, for example, have a diameter of only 1 ⁇ m.
  • At least one well is usually first drilled (drilled) into the underground oil reservoir. After sinking the well into the subterranean oil reservoir, oil generally initially flows to the surface through the borehole due to the natural intrinsic pressure of the subsurface oil reservoir.
  • the intrinsic pressure of the underground oil reservoir can be caused, for example, by gases present in the reservoir, such as methane, ethane or propane. This phase of oil production is also referred to as primary oil production.
  • At least part of the underground oil reservoir is generally hydraulically fractured.
  • suitable flowable formulations which are also referred to as fracking liquids, pressed under high pressure in the underground Erdöllager GmbH.
  • the pressure is usually in the range of 500 to 1000 MPa.
  • parts of the underground oil reservoir are broken hydraulically. This process is also referred to as hydraulic fracturing.
  • Hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracturing or fracturing of an underground oil deposit) is the occurrence of a fracture event in the surrounding rock of a well in an underground oil reservoir as a result of the hydraulic action of a liquid or gas pressure on the bedrock of the underground oil reservoir
  • fluids containing water, gelling agents and, if necessary, proppants such as sand or proppant are described, which increase the permeability of the underground oil reservoir, thereby increasing the rate of delivery of petroleum trapped in cavities the underground oil reservoir facilitates the flow of petroleum to the production wells, and the proppants contained in the fracturing fluid serve to stabilize the fracture cracks formed during the fraying so that these cracks remain open after the completion of the fracking.
  • thermal treatment of the underground oil reservoir Another known method for increasing the production rates of oil from an underground oil reservoir is the thermal treatment of the underground oil reservoir.
  • Thermal treatment processes are particularly used in underground oil reservoirs containing high viscosity petroleum.
  • thermal treatment of oil shale deposits is used.
  • a fuel and an oxidant are generally injected into the underground oil reservoir.
  • the fuel and the oxidizer react exothermally in the subterranean oil reservoir with evolution of heat.
  • the heat development modifies the rheological properties of the petroleum contained in the subterranean oil reservoir, thereby increasing the production rate.
  • the RU 2 210 589 discloses a A method of thermal treatment of a subsurface oil reservoir wherein an aqueous solution of an oxidizer and a fuel is injected into the subterranean oil reservoir. Subsequently, an initiator solution is injected which initiates the exothermic reaction between oxidant and fuel.
  • the aqueous solution of oxidant and fuel contains ammonium salts of organic or inorganic acids and an alkali hypochlorite and optionally salts of nitric acid.
  • the initiator solution is an aqueous solution of copper sulfate, aluminum chloride or acids.
  • the initiator solution is injected separately after injection of the aqueous solution containing an oxidizer and a fuel.
  • the exothermic reaction takes place mainly in the borehole interior.
  • the underground oil reservoir is heated only slightly. The method is therefore mainly suitable for stimulating boreholes. Efficient heating of the underground oil reservoir is not achieved by the method according to RU 2 102 589.
  • the RU 2 401 941 also describes a method for the thermal treatment of underground oil deposits.
  • two formulations are injected simultaneously into the well through two separate injection strands.
  • the two injection strands are formed by an inner tube, which is enclosed by an outer tube.
  • the inner tube forms the first injection strand.
  • the annular space between the inner tube and the outer tube forms the second injection strand.
  • the formulations injected separately from each other at the same time mix in the bore.
  • the first formulation is a mixture containing an oxidizer and a fuel.
  • an aqueous solution of urea and ammonium nitrate is used, to which further additives, for example, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid and water-soluble metal salts can be added, if desired.
  • the second formulation initiates the exothermic reaction between oxidant and fuel.
  • aqueous solutions of alkali metal nitrite, borohydride and a lye or sodium hydroxide and borohydride are used in the process of RU 2 401 941.
  • the RU 2 349 743 also describes a method for the thermal treatment of underground oil deposits.
  • the method is preferably used in underground oil reservoirs containing high-viscosity petroleum.
  • an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is injected with a concentration of 30 wt .-% hydrogen peroxide through a hole in the underground oil reservoir.
  • an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is injected into the underground oil reservoir.
  • the hydrogen peroxide solution mixes with the aqueous alkali hydroxide solution in the underground oil reservoir.
  • the alkali metal hydroxide catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. In this exothermic decomposition temperatures in the range of 500 ° C are reached.
  • the method according to RU 2 349 743 has the advantage over the methods described above that heating of the underground oil reservoir is possible with this method.
  • a disadvantage of the process according to RU 2 349 743 is that, especially in dense subterranean oil reservoirs, the mixing of the successively injected aqueous solutions is not reliably ensured. It is difficult to predict how the aqueous solutions will disperse in the subterranean formation, so that large losses of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution or aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution may occur in the process according to RU 2 349 743.
  • Another disadvantage of the method is that a decomposition of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution can already begin during the injection. This is because both aqueous formulations are successively injected through the same tubing.
  • the RU 2 278 250 also describes a process for the thermal treatment of underground oil deposits.
  • at least two holes are drilled in the underground oil reservoir. The area between the two holes is heated.
  • a solution containing hydrogen peroxide is injected.
  • the second well is injected with an aqueous solution that initiates the exothermic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
  • aqueous solutions containing sodium permanganate are used as the initiator solution.
  • the hydrogen peroxide solution has a concentration in the range of 18 to 50 wt .-%.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for the thermal treatment of underground oil deposits that the disadvantages of the prior art described above, or not only to a reduced extent.
  • the process according to the invention is intended to ensure reliable mixing and thus the most complete possible reaction of the formulations used.
  • the area of underground oil reservoir, which is heated during the thermal treatment, should be as accurately predictable and controllable. Premature use of the exothermic reaction at the surface of the underground oil reservoir or in the well, which is brought down into the underground Erdöllageriereica should be reliably prevented.
  • This object is achieved by a method for thermal treatment of an underground oil reservoir (1), the Frackrisse (5) and in which at least one injection well (2) is drilled, said injection well (2) perforation (32o) and perforation openings (32u) and two separate injection strands (6, 9), wherein the first injection strand (6) passes through the perforation openings (32u) and the second injection strand (9) via the perforation openings (32o) in conjunction with the fracture tears (5) of the underground oil reservoir ( 1), wherein two formulations F1 and F2 (7,8) are injected separately through the two injection strands (6,9) through the perforation openings (32o, 32u) into the fracture cracks (5) of the underground oil reservoir (1) in the underground oil reservoir (1) mix together and enter an exothermic reaction.
  • the subject of the present invention is also a process for the extraction of crude oil from an underground oil reservoir (1) which has tail cracks (5) and into which at least one injection well (2) and at least one production well (15) are drilled, the injection well (2 ) Comprises perforation openings (32o) and perforation openings (32u) and two separate injection strands (6,9),
  • first injection strand (6) via the perforation openings (32u) and the second injection strand (9) via the perforation openings (32o) in conjunction with the Frackrissen (5) of the underground Erdöllager Maschinen (1) comprising the steps a) thermal treatment of underground oil reservoir (1), wherein two formulations F1 and F2 (7,8) are injected separately through the two injection strands (6,9) through the perforation openings (32o, 32u) into the fracture cracks (5) of the underground oil reservoir (1) and mix in the underground oil reservoir (1) with each other and enter into an exothermic reaction. b) injecting a flooding agent (1 1) through the at least one injection well (2) and removal of petroleum from at least one production well (15).
  • the inventive method for thermal treatment of an underground oil reservoir (1) can be used in principle in all underground deposits containing petroleum.
  • the process according to the invention is preferably used in unconventional underground oil reservoirs (1).
  • unconventional underground oil reservoirs (1) are understood as meaning reservoirs which have a dense reservoir matrix and / or contain oil with a high viscosity.
  • Unconventional underground oil reservoirs (1) are, for example, shale-oil deposits, bitumen deposits, Heavy oil deposits or oil-shale deposits.
  • the unconventional underground oil reservoirs (1) generally have a permeability of less than 10 mD before the fracking process is carried out.
  • the viscosity of the petroleum is generally in the range of 10 to 10,000 mPas.
  • the viscosity of the bitumen can be well over 10,000 mPas.
  • unconventional shale-oil deposits oil production is only possible after massive thermal treatment of the reservoir rock (pyrolysis).
  • the cracks (5) in the underground oil reservoir (1) are preferably produced by a fracking process.
  • the cracks (5) generated by this fracking process are also referred to as fracking cracks (5).
  • Suitable fracking processes are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
  • a fracking liquid which may contain a proppant, at high pressure in the underground Erdöllagerchou (1) is pressed.
  • fracture cracks (5) are formed in the underground oil reservoir (1).
  • the method by which the fracture cracks (5) are formed in the underground oil reservoir (1) is not essential to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, the condition of an underground oil reservoir (1) in which a fracking zone (50) has been produced by a fracking process and has fracking cracks (5).
  • Figure 1 shows a vertical section through the underground Erdöllager Too (1).
  • a vertical injection well (2) was drilled into the subterranean crude oil deposit (1).
  • a borehole section was perforated, to create the perforation openings (3).
  • the perforation openings (3) were produced by methods known per se.
  • the ball perforation is preferably used here, as described, for example, in RU 2 358 100.
  • Suitable fracking liquids and fracking processes are described, for example, in WO 2008/106695 and US Pat. No. 7,213,651.
  • the spatial extent of the fracking zone (50) depends strongly on the geological conditions of the underground oil reservoir (1). In addition, the spatial extent of the fracking zone (50) depends on the applied pressure and the duration of the fracking process.
  • the fracking zone (50) generally has a radial extent in the range of 10 to 200 m, preferably in the range of 15 to 150 m and particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 70 m, in each case measured from the injection bore (2) in the region of the perforation openings (3).
  • Figure 1 a shows the state of the underground Erdöllager Too (1) after the implementation of a single-stage fracking process.
  • Figure 1 b) shows the state of the underground Erdöllager Too (1) after carrying out a two-stage fracking process.
  • the perforation openings (3) were produced in the lower region of the injection bore (2) and subsequently the part of the underground oil reservoir (1) adjoining the perforation openings (3) in the lower area was scrapped. Subsequently, in the overlying part of the injection well (2) further perforation openings (3) were generated and the adjoining region of the underground Erdöllagermaschine (1) was cracked.
  • At least one injection well (2) is drilled into the subterranean crude oil deposit (1).
  • the term "at least one injection well (2)” according to the invention comprises both exactly one injection well (2) and two or more injection wells (2).
  • the terms "at least one injection well (2)” and “one injection well (2)” are synonymous according to the invention
  • the injection bore (2) comprises perforation openings (32o) and perforation openings (32u) and two injection strands (6, 9) separated from one another.
  • the injection strands (6, 9) are separated from one another in the injection bore (2), that is to say that the first injection strand (6) and the second injection strand (9) have no hydrodynamic connection to one another within the injection bore (2).
  • no hydrodynamic compound is understood according to the invention to mean that no liquids, in particular no formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8), can be exchanged between the two injection strands (6, 9) within the injection well (2) Injection strands (6, 9) within the injection bore (2) are sealed off from one another for this purpose
  • at least one packer (4) is used as the subject of the present invention. 9) within the injection bore (2) have no hydrodynamic connection to one another.
  • the first injection strand (6) has a hydrodynamic connection to the perforation openings (32u).
  • the second injection strand (9) has a hydrodynamic connection to the perforation openings (32o).
  • This allows the introduction of the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) via the injection strands (6, 9) in the Frackrisse (5) of the fracking zone (50).
  • the term "hydrodynamic compound" is understood according to the invention to mean that liquids can be exchanged via these compounds, in particular the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) ) is also referred to as the second injection strand (9) according to the invention.
  • the formulation F1 (7) may be injected through the first injection string (6) or through the second injection string (9).
  • the formulation F1 (7) is injected through the first injection string (6) and the formulation F2 (8) is injected through the second injection string (9) into the dressing cracks (5) of the fraying zone (50).
  • the formulation F1 (7) is injected through the second injection strand (9) and the formulation F2 (8) through the first injection strand (6) into the fracking cracks (5) of the fraying zone (50).
  • the perforation openings (32o) and the perforation openings (32u) are in a hydrodynamic connection via the fracking cracks (5) of the fraying zone (50). This makes it possible that the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) via the Frackrisse (5) in the fracking zone (50) mix together and enter into an exothermic reaction.
  • the present invention thus also relates to a method in which the first injection strand (6) and the second injection strand (9) have a hydrodynamic connection to one another via the tailings cracks (5) of a fraying zone (50).
  • the injection well (2) comprises an inner tube that acts as a first injection string (6) and an outboard tube that encloses the inner tube.
  • the annular space between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube preferably forms the second injection strand (9).
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore also a method in which the injection bore (2) comprises an inner tube and an outer tube enclosing the inner tube, wherein the inner tube acts as the first injection strand (6) and the annular space between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube functions as a second injection string (9).
  • a preferred embodiment of the injection bore (2) is shown by way of example in FIG.
  • FIG. 2a shows the section of a vertical section through the underground oil reservoir (1) in the region of the fracking zone (50).
  • the injection bore (2) comprises an inner tube which acts as the first injection strand (6) and an outer tube which encloses the inner tube.
  • the second injection strand (9) is in this case formed by the annular space between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube.
  • the injection bore (2) has perforation openings (31), (32o) and (32u). These perforation openings correspond to the perforation openings (3) as in FIG. 1 a). shown.
  • FIG. 2a) there are two packers (4) in the injection bore (2) which seal the first injection strand (6) with respect to the second injection strand (9). The two packers (4) interrupt the hydrodynamic connection between the two injection strands (6, 9) within the injection bore (2).
  • the formulation F1 (7) is injected through the perforation opening (32u) into the fracking cracks (5) of the fraying zone (50).
  • the flow direction of formulation F1 (7) is indicated by arrows in FIG. 2a).
  • the formulation F2 (8) is injected through the perforation opening (32o) into the fracking cracks (5) of the fracking zone (50) through the annular space serving as the second injection strand (9) in FIG. 2a).
  • the flow direction of formulation F2 (8) is indicated by arrows in FIG. 2 a).
  • the two packers (4) encapsulate the perforation opening (31) from the first and second injection strand (6, 9). Thus, no liquids can escape from the injection bore (2) into the fracking cracks (5) through the encapsulated perforation opening (31).
  • FIG. 2b shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • only one packer (4) is present in the injection bore (2) to interrupt the hydrodynamic connection between the injection strands (6, 9).
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the process according to the invention, in which the fracture cracks (5) of the fraying zone (50) were produced by a two-stage fracking process.
  • FIG. 3 shows the section of a vertical section of the underground oil reservoir (1) in the region of the fracking zone (50). The fracking process was carried out in two stages, as described for FIG. 1 b). Accordingly, the injection bore (2) has two spaced-apart perforation openings (32o), (32u).
  • a packer (4) is placed in the non-perforated area between the perforations (32o) and (32u) to interrupt the hydrodynamic communication between the first injection string (6) and the second injection string (9).
  • the distance between the perforation openings (32o) and (32u) is generally in the range of 5 to 100 m, preferably in the range of 5 to 50 m and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 30 m.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is thus also a method in which the perforation openings (32o) and the perforation openings (32u) are at a distance from each other which is in the range of 5 to 100 m.
  • the mixing of the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) takes place in the fracking cracks (5) of the fracking zone (50). After mixing the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) begins a chemical exothermic reaction between the two formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) in Frackrissen (5) of the fracking zone (50).
  • the inventive method ensures the mixing of the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) in the fracking zone (50).
  • the losses of the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) are minimized by the method according to the invention.
  • the location and spacing of the perforations (32o, 32u) accurately predicts the area where the exothermic reaction takes place, which is consequently heated.
  • the state after onset of the exothermic reaction is shown by way of example in FIG. 4a).
  • the exothermic reaction between the two formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) begins.
  • the flow direction of the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) is indicated by arrows in FIG. 4a).
  • heated zones (10) are generally produced.
  • the temperature of the heated zones (10) is generally in the range between 80 ° C and 1200 ° C.
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) in the fracking cracks (5) of the fraying zone (50) mix and undergo an exothermic reaction, whereby in the underground oil reservoir (1) heated zone (10) is formed.
  • the thermal treatment process is carried out so that the heated zone (10) after carrying out the thermal treatment has a temperature of at least 150 ° C, preferably at least 200 ° C and particularly preferably at least 300 ° C.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a method in which the temperature of the heated zone (10) has a temperature in the range from 80 to 1200 ° C., preferably in the range from 100 to 1000 ° C. and more preferably in the range from 150 to 800 ° C has. Due to the thermal treatment and the temperature increase due to the exothermic reaction, the fracture cracks (5) present in the underground oil reservoir (1) are remediated.
  • the subterranean crude oil deposit (1) and especially the tailings cracks (5) produced in the fraying process are heavily contaminated with water.
  • the thermal treatment the temperature rise
  • the water in the Frackrissen (5) heated or even evaporated. This increases the mobility of the water contained in the Frackrissen (5), in the case of evaporation, the water from Frackrissen (5) even removed.
  • Additives which have been added to the fracking liquids used to form the fracking cracks (5), such as thickening agents, are destroyed during the thermal treatment.
  • the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) can be simultaneously or temporally offset, that is, injected one after the other into the fracture tears (5) of the fraying zone (50).
  • the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) are injected simultaneously into the fracking cracks (5) of the fraying zone (50).
  • the duration of injection of formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) may be carried out for a period of time ranging from 1 day to 1 year. In general, the duration of injection of formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) is 1 week to 9 months, preferably 1 week to 6 months. Due to the continuous inflow of the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) through the perforation openings (32o, 32u), the exothermic reaction in the fracking cracks (5) in the fracking zone (50) is maintained. The formation of the heated zone (10) changes the rheological properties of the fluids contained in the fracture cracks (5).
  • the liquids contained in the fracking cracks (5) can also be displaced by the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8).
  • the heated zone (10) expands continuously.
  • gaseous products of the reaction between the formulations F1 and F2 are pressed into the deposit.
  • a combined effect on the deposit occurs due to gas flooding and heat input.
  • the injection of the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) is carried out until the heated zone (10) corresponds to the expansion of the fracking zone (50).
  • FIG. 4b This embodiment is shown by way of example in FIG. 4b).
  • the injection of a flooding agent (11) can take place here through the first injection strand (6) and / or the second injection strand (9).
  • the packer (4) and optionally the inner tube, which has served as the first injection strand (6) removed before the injection of the flooding agent (1 1).
  • the encapsulated perforation (31) are free again and the flooding agent (1 1) can enter through all perforation, which were generated in the fracking process to form the Frackrisse (5), in the underground Erdöllager GmbH (1).
  • Figure 4b shows an example of an embodiment in which the flooding agent (1 1) without removal of the packer (4) in the underground Erdöllageriere (1) is injected.
  • the flooding agent (11) only flows through the perforation openings (32o and 32u) into the underground oil reservoir (1).
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of an embodiment in which the flooding agent (1 1) after removal of the packer (4) in the underground oil reservoir (1) is injected.
  • the flooding agent (11) flows through all the perforation openings into the underground oil reservoir (1).
  • Suitable flooding agents (11) are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Preferred flours (1 1) are flours which contain at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight and especially preferably at least 90% by weight of water. It is also possible to use as flooding agent (1 1) only water. Pure water, partially desalinated seawater, seawater or formation water can be used here as water.
  • the flooding agent (1 1) may contain 0 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0 to 20 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0 to 10 wt .-% further conventional additives.
  • the wt .-% - information with regard to the flooding agent (1 1) each relate to the total weight of the flooding agent used (1 1). Thickeners, surfactants, urea or glycerol, for example, can be used as further customary additives.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a process for the extraction of crude oil from an underground oil reservoir (1) which has tail cracks (5) and into which at least one injection well (2) and at least one production well (15) are drilled, comprising the steps a ) thermal treatment of the underground Erdöllagerchou (1) by the inventive method, b) injecting a flood medium (1 1) through the at least one injection well (2) and removal of petroleum from at least one production well (15).
  • the water contained in the aqueous flooding agent (11) is heated or evaporated.
  • the heated aqueous flooding agent (11) mobilizes the oil present in the underground oil reservoir (1) and displaces it in the direction of the production wells (15).
  • the oil is taken from the production wells (15).
  • the aqueous flooding agent (1 1) can also be evaporated to water vapor.
  • the aqueous flooding agent (1 1) is heated or evaporated. This has over conventional methods in which water vapor is used as a flood, the advantage that the heat loss is minimal and that costly and technically complex generators for steam generation on the surface of the underground oil reservoir (1) can be omitted.
  • the heated zone (10) is cooled.
  • the injection of the aqueous flooding agent (1 1) is carried out until the temperature of the heated zone (10) to temperatures below 80 ° C, preferably below 100 ° C, cooled.
  • the inventive method for thermal treatment of the underground Erdöllageriere (1) is performed again to again form a heated zone (10). Subsequently, the injection of an aqueous flooding agent (1 1) can be made again.
  • the injection hole (2) may be a vertical, a quasi-horizontal or a horizontal hole.
  • the injection bore (2) is designed as a vertical bore.
  • the production holes (15) can be configured as vertical, quasi-horizontal or horizontal holes.
  • the production bores (15) are preferably configured as quasi-horizontal or horizontal bores, particularly preferably as horizontal bores.
  • FIG. 6 shows by way of example an embodiment of the method according to the invention for the extraction of crude oil.
  • FIG. 6 shows a horizontal section through the underground oil reservoir (1).
  • two injection wells (2) are drilled.
  • fracking zones (50) having tailoring cracks (5) were formed starting from the injection bores (2).
  • two horizontal production wells (15) were drilled in the underground oil reservoir.
  • the fracking zones (50) were thermally treated by the method according to the invention, whereby the heated zones (10) were formed.
  • an aqueous flooding agent (11) is injected through the injection bores (2). This is heated or evaporated in the heated zones (10).
  • the flooding agent (1 1) subsequently displaces the crude oil in the direction of the horizontal production wells (15) and is conveyed from these.
  • the injection well (2) by which the underground crude oil deposit (1) has been thermally treated, is used as a production well (15) in the process for the production of crude oil.
  • a further subject of the present invention is therefore also a process for the in situ combustion of petroleum in an underground oil reservoir (1) having tail cracks (5) and in which at least one injection well (2) is drilled, comprising the steps a1) thermal treatment of the underground oil reservoir (1) by the method according to the invention, b1) injection of an oxygen-containing mixture through the at least one injection well (2).
  • the subject matter of the present invention is also a process for the production of crude oil, wherein after step a) and before step b) the following step is carried out: b1) injecting an oxygen-containing mixture through the at least one injection well (2).
  • the oxygen-containing mixture is injected through the injection well (2) into the heated zone (10) of the underground oil reservoir (1).
  • an oxygen-containing mixture for example, pure oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air can be used.
  • air is used as the oxygen-containing mixture.
  • the oxygen-containing gases described above may be used in admixture with water.
  • the oil contained in the heated zone (10) is oxidized.
  • the oil contained in the underground oil reservoir (1) may also burn. This process is also referred to as in situ petroleum burning.
  • the heated zone (10) in this embodiment preferably has a temperature in the range of 200 to 1200 ° C, preferably in the range of 300 to 1000 ° C and more preferably in the range of 400 to 1000 ° C.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that large volumetric combustion fronts can be formed. In conventional in-situ oil burning processes, combustion fronts of this size can only be achieved by very long term injection of an oxidizer.
  • process step b1) By in-situ petroleum combustion, which is initiated by injecting an oxygen-containing mixture according to process step b1), the temperature in the combustion zone can be increased even further. As a result, the fracking zone (50) is further heated. According to process step b1) is thus a thermal treatment of Underground oil reservoir (1) possible without further formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) must be injected. In other words, in process step b1), a thermal treatment of the underground oil reservoir (1) is carried out using as the means for heating the underground oil reservoir (1) the oil contained in the underground oil reservoir (1) / burned.
  • a flood agent (11) can be injected through the injection bore (2) into the underground oil reservoir (1).
  • the preferably aqueous flooding agent (11) is hereby heated or evaporated as described above.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is thus also a method in which, after method step b1) in method step c1), a flooding agent (11) is injected through the at least one injection bore (2) into the underground oil reservoir (1).
  • a process for the extraction of crude oil from the subterranean crude oil deposit (1) can thus also follow the method according to the invention for in-situ petroleum combustion.
  • the above statements and preferences apply accordingly.
  • Suitable formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) which, after mixing in the fracking cracks (5) of the fracking zone (50) in the subterranean crude oil deposit (1), undergo an exothermic reaction and thus form the heated zone (10) are in principle familiar to the person skilled in the art known. According to the invention, it is possible to use all known formulations which are suitable for undergoing an exothermic reaction after mixing. Preference is given to formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) which are chemically stable separately from one another and thus do not undergo an exothermic reaction in separate form, that is to say as individual formulations. As a result, the occupational safety is increased, since an onset of the exothermic reaction before mixing the formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) can be safely excluded.
  • Suitable formulations F1 and F2 (7, 8) are disclosed, for example, in the patents described in the introductory part of the present invention.
  • formulation F1 (7) contains an oxidizing agent and formulation F2 (8) contains a fuel.
  • formulation F1 (7) contains a peroxide and the formulation F2 (8) contains an initiator which initiates the decomposition of the peroxide.
  • formulation F1 (7) includes an oxidizer and a fuel and formulation F2 (8) contains an initiator that initiates the exothermic reaction between the oxidant and the fuel of formulation F1 (7).
  • the formulation F1 (7) used is an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution which contains 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight and particularly preferably 20 to 30% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, based on the total weight of the Formulation F1 (7).
  • Formulation F2 (8) uses an aqueous initiator solution which initiates the exothermic decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide.
  • Preferred suitable initiator solutions (formulation F2 (8)) are aqueous solutions which contain at least one initiator selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and an alkali permanganate. As the alkali permanganate, sodium permanganate and / or potassium permanganate are particularly preferred.
  • the initiator solution (formulation F2 (8)) generally contains 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably 4 to 10 wt .-% of at least one of the initiators described above, respectively based on the total weight of formulation F2 (8).
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the formulation F1 (7) contains 10 to 50% by weight of hydrogen peroxide and 50 to 90% by weight of water and the formulation F2 (8) contains 90 to 99.9% by weight.
  • % Water and 0.1 to 10% by weight of at least one initiator selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and alkali permanganates.
  • the oxidizing agent for example, dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4 ), hydrogen peroxide, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, alkali chlorates and alkali metal perchlorates are suitable.
  • hydrocarbons such as kerosene or petroleum, urea or glycerol can be used.
  • oxidizing agent is ammonium nitrate.
  • formulation F1 (7) used is a solution comprising 10 to 60% by weight of ammonium nitrate, 10 to 30% by weight of water, 10 to 40% by weight of urea and 0 to 10% by weight. Iron nitrate and 0 to 2 wt .-% ammonia.
  • the formulation F2 (8) used here is a solution which contains 10 to 60% by weight of sodium nitrite and 40 to 90% by weight of water.
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the formulation F1 (7) comprises 10 to 60% by weight of ammonium nitrate, 10 to 30% by weight of water, 10 to 40% by weight of urea and 0 to 10% by weight. Contains% iron nitrate and 0 to 2 wt .-% ammonia and the formulation contains F2 (8) 10 to 60 wt .-% sodium nitrite and 40 to 90 wt .-% water.
  • a further subject of the present invention is an injection well (2) which is drilled into an underground oil reservoir (1) with fracking cracks (5) comprising perforations (32o) and perforations (32u) and two separate injection strands (6,9) the first injection strand (6) via the perforation openings (32u) and the second injection strand (9) via the perforation openings (32o) in conjunction with the Frackrissen (5) of the underground Erdöllagerchou (1), and the first injection strand (6) and second injection strand (9) within the injection bore (2) have no hydrodynamic connection to one another.
  • Another object of the present invention is an injection well (2), in which the first injection strand (6) and the second injection strand (9) via the Frackrisse (5) of a fracking zone (50) have a hydrodynamic connection to each other.
  • Another object of the present invention is an injection well (2) comprising an inner tube and an outer tube enclosing the inner tube, the inner tube acting as a first injection string (6) and the annulus between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube functions as the second injection string (9).
  • Figure 1 a shows the state of an underground Erdöllager Too (1) after performing a single-stage fracking process.
  • Figure 1 b shows the state of an underground oil reservoir (1) after carrying out a two-stage fracking process.
  • Figures 2a), 2b) and 3 show the section of a vertical section through the underground Erdöllager Too (1) in the region of the fracking zone (50).
  • Figures 4a) and 4b) show a vertical section through the underground Erdöllager Too (1) in the region of the fracking zone (50), after formation of the heated zone (10).
  • Figure 5 shows a vertical section through the underground Erdöllager Wu (1) area of the fracking zone (50), wherein through the injection hole (2) a flood medium (1 1) the underground Erdöllager Maschinen (1) is injected.
  • Figure 6 shows a horizontal section through the underground Erdöllager Too (1) in which through the injection hole (2) a flood medium (1 1) is injected and from the horizontal production wells (15) oil is promoted.
  • the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments, without, however, limiting it thereto.
  • Embodiment 1 A deep-lying oil shale deposit is developed which is only weakly saturated with petroleum and has a dense deposit matrix.
  • the thickness of the oil-bearing layer of the underground oil reservoir (1) is in the range of 30 to 40 meters and has a deposit temperature of 95 ° C.
  • the conventional extraction methods allow only a maximum of 5% of the oil contained in the underground oil reservoir (1).
  • the underground oil reservoir (1) is developed by the so-called in-situ petroleum burning.
  • three vertical holes are drilled into the underground oil reservoir (1), with the vertical holes, which serve as injection holes (2), drilled in series.
  • the row of boreholes is on the line corresponding to the direction of maximum horizontal geomechanical stress of the deposit matrix.
  • the distance between the vertical injection bores (2) is approx. 300 m.
  • the near area of the injection well (2) is scanned in one or two stages, wherein the fracking zones (50) form, which have the Frackrisse (5).
  • a conventional fracking liquid containing a ceramic proppant is used for fraying. After formation of the fracture tears (5) in the fracking zone (50), formulations F1 and F2 are injected through the injection wells (2).
  • the injection bores (2) are provided with packers (4), as shown by way of example in FIG.
  • the formulations F1 and F2 are subsequently injected simultaneously through different perforation openings (32o, 32u) into the fracking cracks (5) of the fraying zone (50).
  • the formulation F1 has the following composition:
  • composition of solution A corresponds to a commercial nitrogen fertilizer: 35% by weight of urea
  • the formulation F2 has the following composition:
  • the injection rate when injecting the formulation F2 is two times smaller than the injection rate when injecting the formulation F1.
  • the total injection rates of formulations F1 and F2 are in the range of 3 to 10 L / sec.
  • a deep underground oil deposit (1) is being developed containing high viscosity petroleum with a viscosity in the range of 300 to 500 cP.
  • the underground oil reservoir (1) has a dense storage rock.
  • a vertical hole is drilled into the underground oil reservoir (1) which is used as the injection well (2).
  • the underground Erdöllager GmbH GmbH is one or two-stage cracked, with quasi vertical Frackrisse (5) form, as shown by way of example in Figure 6.
  • conventional fracking fluids containing ceramic proppant are used.
  • the vertical injection well (2) is provided with a packer (4), as shown by way of example in FIG.
  • the formulation F1 a 30% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution is injected into the subterranean crude oil deposit (1) through the first injection strand (6).
  • the formulation F1 also contains a thickening agent and others Additives that prevent the premature reaction of hydrogen peroxide and a dilution of the formulation F1 underground.
  • the thickener used is polyacrylamide. 400 m 3 of the formulation F1 are injected through the first perforation opening (32o). The total volume of the injected formulation F1 is 10 to 30% smaller than the volume of the fracking liquid used. Subsequently, 40 m 3 of water, which is thickened with polyacrylamide, are injected through the first injection strand (6).
  • Formulation F2 a solution containing 95 wt .-% water and 5 wt .-% sodium permanganate (NaMn0 4 3H 2 0) injected.
  • the two formulations F1 and F2 mix in Frackrissen (5) of the fracking zone (50) whereby the exothermic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is initiated.
  • the hydrogen peroxide decomposes under the formation of water vapor and oxygen, whereby temperatures of about 500 C are reached.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique d'un gisement de pétrole souterrain (1) qui présente des fissures de fracturation (5) et dans lequel au moins un puits d'injection (2) a été foré. Le puits d'injection (2) comprend des orifices de perforation (32o) et des orifices de perforation (32u) ainsi que deux trains de tubes d'injection (6, 9) séparés l'un de l'autre. Le premier train de tubes d'injection (6) est en liaison par le biais des orifices de perforation (32u) et le second train de tubes d'injection (9) par le biais des orifices de perforation (32o) avec les fissures de fracturation (5) du gisement de pétrole souterrain (1). Au moyen de ces deux trains de tubes d'injection (6, 9), deux formulations F1 et F2 (7, 8) sont injectées séparément l'une de l'autre par les orifices de perforation (32o, 32u) dans les fissures de fracturation (5) du gisement de pétrole souterrain (1) et elles se mélangent dans le gisement de pétrole souterrain (1) en participant à une réaction exothermique.
PCT/EP2014/068866 2013-09-10 2014-09-04 Procédé de traitement thermique d'un gisement de pétrole souterrain WO2015036315A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3757861A (en) * 1971-04-01 1973-09-11 Dow Chemical Co Oil recovery employing peroxides and alkalis
RU2349743C1 (ru) * 2007-07-11 2009-03-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт имени Г.В. Плеханова (технический университет)" Способ добычи высоковязкой нефти из карбонатных коллекторов
WO2010043239A1 (fr) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Tctm Limited Compositions de réduction de la viscosité du pétrole par émission de gaz pour stimuler la couche productive d’un gisement de pétrole
WO2012025150A1 (fr) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Tctm Limited Procédé et appareil destinés au traitement thermique d'un réservoir de pétrole

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3757861A (en) * 1971-04-01 1973-09-11 Dow Chemical Co Oil recovery employing peroxides and alkalis
RU2349743C1 (ru) * 2007-07-11 2009-03-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт имени Г.В. Плеханова (технический университет)" Способ добычи высоковязкой нефти из карбонатных коллекторов
WO2010043239A1 (fr) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Tctm Limited Compositions de réduction de la viscosité du pétrole par émission de gaz pour stimuler la couche productive d’un gisement de pétrole
WO2012025150A1 (fr) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Tctm Limited Procédé et appareil destinés au traitement thermique d'un réservoir de pétrole

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 200921, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2009-G06523, XP002720074 *

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