WO2015030187A1

WO2015030187A1 - Water-mixture-fuel generation device

Info

Publication number: WO2015030187A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/072771
Authority: WO
Inventors: 前田和幸; 最上賢一
Original assignee: 独立行政法人水産大学校; 丸福水産株式会社; ロハス株式会社; Ｊｒｃｓ株式会社
Priority date: 2013-08-29
Filing date: 2014-08-29
Publication date: 2015-03-05
Also published as: KR101864517B1; JPWO2015030187A1; CN105531356A; JP5941224B2; CN105531356B; KR20160047464A

Abstract

Provided is a water-mixture-fuel generation system capable of generating a water-mixture fuel without using an additive. Either a fuel oil serving as a continuous phase and water serving as a dispersion phase, or water serving as the continuous phase and a fuel oil serving as the dispersion phase are introduced into a fluid mixer. The introduced water or fuel oil serving as the dispersion phase is micronized to a particle size of not more than several µm by the fluid mixer disposed in the vicinity of a fuel injection device, is uniformly dispersed in the introduced fuel oil or water serving as the continuous phase, and is injected before the water and the fuel oil separate, and thus a water-mixture fuel is generated and delivered without using an additive.

Description

Water-mixed fuel generator

The present invention relates to a water-mixed fuel generating device, and more specifically, (1) a device for generating water-mixed fuel by mixing fuel oil as a continuous phase and water as a dispersed phase, and (2) water as a continuous phase. And a fuel oil as a dispersed phase to produce a water-mixed fuel. Here, the water-mixed fuel refers to (1) water that is a dispersoid and fuel oil that is a dispersion medium, and (2) a dispersion fuel that is a mixture of fuel oil that is a dispersoid and water that is a dispersion medium. In the following, the water-mixed fuel produced in (1) is referred to as “fine water-grain type water-mixed fuel”, and the water-mixed fuel produced in (2) is referred to as “micro-oil-type water-mixed fuel”. "

The technique of adding water to fuel is well known as a method that can reduce NOx relatively easily and reliably in equipment such as engines and boilers. There is also a report that NOx and fuel consumption can be reduced simultaneously by adding water to the fuel, but generally an additive (surfactant) is required to mix water with light oil or heavy oil A ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

JP 2010-275380 A

However, in the case of using an additive, it is necessary to consider the cost required for the apparatus for adding the additive and the additive itself, and there is a possibility that the effect of improving fuel efficiency is offset.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a water-mixed fuel generation that can selectively generate two types of water-mixed fuels (“fine water droplet type water mixed fuel” and “fine oil particle type water mixed fuel”) without additives. An object is to provide an apparatus.

The invention according to claim 1 introduces fuel oil as a continuous phase and water as a dispersed phase or water as a continuous phase and fuel oil as a dispersed phase into a fluid mixer, and water or water as an introduced dispersed phase or The fuel oil is refined to a particle size including several μm or less by a fluid mixer installed in the vicinity of the fuel injection device, and is made uniform in the fuel oil or water as the introduced continuous phase so that the water and the fuel oil are By injecting before separating, water-mixed fuel is produced and derived without additives.

The invention described in claim 2 is the invention described in claim 1, characterized in that the mixing ratio of water as a continuous phase or a dispersed phase can be set to an arbitrary value. Here, the mixing ratio (addition ratio) of water is a percentage obtained by multiplying the value obtained by dividing the addition amount [kg] of water by the sum of the addition amount [kg] of water and the fuel consumption [kg] by 100. .

Invention of Claim 3 is invention of

Claim

1 or 2, Comprising: The fuel oil as a continuous phase and the water as a dispersed phase are introduce | transduced in the fluid mixer, and the water as the introduced dispersed phase is introduced. Is refined to a particle size containing several μm or less by a fluid mixer to form fine water droplets, and by homogenizing in the fuel oil as the introduced continuous phase, fine water particles can be formed without additives. A form of generating mixed water mixed fuel,
Water as a continuous phase and fuel oil as a dispersed phase are introduced into a fluid mixer, and the introduced fuel oil as a dispersed phase is refined to a particle size including several μm or less by a fluid mixer. Forming a water-mixed fuel in which fine oil particles are mixed without additives by making it into oil particles and making it uniform in water as an introduced continuous phase,
It is possible to select.

The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 3, and in the case of generating and deriving the water mixed fuel in which minute water particles are mixed, the fuel as a continuous phase is previously provided in the fluid mixer. Introduce only oil, and then gradually reduce the fuel oil as a continuous phase to be introduced into the fluid mixer to a predetermined ratio, and water as a dispersed phase to be introduced into the fluid mixer to a predetermined ratio. By gradually increasing, while introducing the fuel oil as the continuous phase and the water as the dispersed phase into the fluid mixer at a predetermined ratio,
When generating and deriving a water-mixed fuel containing minute oil particles, only water as a continuous phase is introduced into the fluid mixer in advance, and then the continuous phase is introduced into the fluid mixer. The water as a continuous phase is reduced to a predetermined ratio and the fuel oil as a dispersed phase to be introduced into the fluid mixer is increased to a predetermined ratio. The fuel oil is introduced at a predetermined ratio.

The present invention provides a water-mixed fuel generating device that selectively generates two types of water-mixed fuel without additives by refining water or fuel oil as a dispersed phase to a particle size including several μm or less. Can be provided.

The conceptual diagram of the water mixed fuel production | generation apparatus as this embodiment. A schematic diagram of water-mixed fuel. Control block diagram. The graph which shows the change of the fuel consumption by the mixing ratio of the water in two types of water mixed fuel. The graph which shows the change of NOx by the mixing ratio of the water in two types of water mixed fuel. The graph which shows the change of PM by the mixing ratio of the water in "a fine water grain type water mixed fuel." The photograph which shows the reduction effect of PM by the mixing ratio of water in "a fine water grain type water-mixed fuel". The particle size distribution of water particles in “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” (when water is mixed with C heavy oil). A photomicrograph of oil particles in "Fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel". The graph which shows the change of a fuel consumption in case the mixing ratio of the water in "a fine oil grain type water mixed fuel" is 30%. Model of spray combustion when using water-mixed fuel. The schematic diagram of the spray combustion process of fuel oil. The schematic diagram of the spray combustion process of "micro oil droplet type water mixed fuel".

Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a water-mixed fuel generating device A according to this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water-mixed fuel generated by the water-mixed fuel generating device A. FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of a “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” in which minute water droplets Wa are mixed in the fuel oil F, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” in which minute oil particles Fa are mixed.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the water-mixed fuel generator A (1) does not require an additive when mixing the water W or the fuel oil F into the fuel oil F or the water W. 2) “A fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” (a state in which water droplets Wa, which are fine water particles are mixed in the fuel oil F), and “A fine oil particle type water mixed fuel” (a small amount of water in the water W). It is characterized in that the water-mixed fuel in one of the states can be generated by selectively setting two states (a state in which oil particles Fa which are fuel oil particles are mixed).

For this reason, the water-mixed fuel generating device A can achieve (1) simultaneous reduction of fuel consumption, NOx and PM, and (2) a device K such as an engine or a boiler, which will be described later, which is one form of the fuel injection device. The oil is atomized by being installed between the fuel oil tank T1 described later and supplying the “micro oil droplet type water mixed fuel” generated by the water mixed fuel generating device A to the combustion chamber of the device K. Since the droplet Fa can be directly injected into the combustion chamber (the atomization mechanism in the fuel injection device can be eliminated), not only the fuel injection device can be simplified, but also spray combustion can be improved (combustion promotion). Become. And (3) it is expected to be used as a technology to comply with NOx tertiary regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

As shown in FIG. 1, the water-mixed fuel generator A is connected to a fuel oil supply pipe 9 as a fuel supply line that connects a fuel oil tank T1 and a device K such as an engine or a boiler to a device K such as an engine or a boiler. And is connected to a fuel oil tank T1 that is a supply source of the fuel oil F. That is, the water-mixed fuel generating device A can be applied by retrofitting the existing fuel oil supply pipe 9 and the fuel oil tank T1 via the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 and the fuel oil outflow pipe 1 described later. Water mixed fuel is generated by using the fuel oil F supplied from the fuel oil tank T1 through the fuel oil outflow pipe 1, and the generated water mixed fuel is supplied to the equipment K such as an engine or a boiler through the fuel oil supply pipe 9. It can be supplied. In the present embodiment, in addition to the above-described configuration, the water-mixed fuel generating device A is retrofitted to a device K such as an engine or a boiler via a return pipe 10 described later.

More specifically, the water-mixed fuel generator A includes a fuel oil F (for example, light oil or heavy oil) as a continuous phase or dispersed phase accommodated in the fuel oil tank T1, and a dispersed phase accommodated in the water tank T2. Alternatively, water W (for example, tap water or pure water) as a continuous phase is merged and introduced into the fluid mixer M, and the introduced water W or fuel oil F as the dispersed phase is several μm by the fluid mixer M. The particle size is reduced to a particle size including the following, preferably to a particle size of several μm to about 20 μm, and uniformized in the introduced fuel oil F or water W.

At this time, the fluid mixer M is installed in the vicinity (position as close as possible) of a device K such as an engine or a boiler which is a form of the fuel injection device, and the fuel oil F and water W are made uniform. Is separated from the combustion chamber of the device K before being separated.

With such a configuration, in the water-mixed fuel generating apparatus A, “fine water droplet type water mixed fuel” or “fine oil particle type water mixed fuel” is selectively generated as the water mixed fuel without any additive. The derived water-mixed fuel is supplied to a device K such as an engine or a boiler, and the supplied water-mixed fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, thereby driving the device K such as the engine or the boiler. I am doing so.

More specifically, in the fluid mixer M, the fuel oil F or water W as a continuous phase and the water W or fuel oil F as a dispersed phase are introduced, and the introduced water W or water W as a dispersed phase is introduced. 80% or more, preferably 90% or more of the fuel oil F is refined to a particle size of several μm to about 20 μm by the fluid mixer M to form fine water particles Wa or oil particles Fa, and the introduced continuous phase The fuel oil F is made uniform in the fuel oil F or the water W, so that the fine water droplets Wa are mixed in the fuel oil F without any additives, or the water W is minute in the water W. It is possible to generate and derive a “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” in which the oil particles Fa are mixed.

In the case of generating and deriving “a fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” in which fine water particles Wa are mixed, only the fuel oil F as a continuous phase is introduced into the fluid mixer M in advance, and thereafter The amount of fuel oil F as a continuous phase introduced into the fluid mixer M is gradually reduced to a predetermined ratio, and the amount of water W as a dispersed phase introduced into the fluid mixer M is gradually reduced to a predetermined ratio. By increasing the amount, the amount of the fuel oil F as the continuous phase and the amount of the water W as the dispersed phase are introduced into the fluid mixer M at a predetermined ratio. In this case, the mixing ratio (addition ratio) of water W as a dispersed phase mixed with fuel oil F as a continuous phase can be set to an arbitrary value.

For example, when the mixing ratio of water W is set to 30%, the amount of fuel oil F as a continuous phase introduced into the fluid mixer M is gradually reduced from 100% to 70%. At the same time, the amount of water W as a dispersed phase introduced into the fluid mixer M is gradually increased from 0% to 30%. As a result, a “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” in which fine water particles Wa are mixed is generated.

In the case of producing and deriving a “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” in which minute oil particles Fa are mixed, only water W as a continuous phase is introduced into the fluid mixer M in advance, The amount of water W as a continuous phase introduced into the fluid mixer M is gradually reduced to a predetermined ratio as quickly as possible, and the amount of fuel oil F as a disperse phase introduced into the fluid mixer M is predetermined. By increasing the ratio as quickly as possible, the amount of water W as a continuous phase and the amount of fuel oil F as a dispersed phase are introduced into the fluid mixer M at a predetermined ratio. In this case, the mixing ratio of the water W as the continuous phase mixed with the fuel oil F as the dispersed phase can be set to an arbitrary value.

For example, when the mixing ratio of water W is set to 30%, the amount of water W as a continuous phase introduced into the fluid mixer M is as quickly as possible from 100% to 30%. While gradually decreasing, the amount of the fuel oil F as a dispersed phase introduced into the fluid mixer M is increased as quickly as possible from 0% to 70%. As a result, a “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” in which minute oil particles Fa are mixed is generated.

Thus, the fuel oil F as the dispersed phase is increased as quickly as possible within a relatively large range of 0% to 70%, and is introduced into the fluid mixer M as a turbulent flow. Therefore, 70% of the fuel oil F as the dispersed phase is mixed as fine oil particles Fa in 30% of the water W as the continuous phase.

Here, the addition ratio of the above-described water W is the addition ratio of water = (addition amount of water [kg] / (addition amount of water [kg] + consumed fuel oil amount [kg])) × 100 (%). Calculated by the formula.

The water mixing ratio (addition ratio) is shown on a mass basis for the following reason.

(1) The density of fuel oil is not constant, the density of general diesel oil is about 0.83, but the density of C heavy oil is about 0.98. Further, the density of water or fuel oil varies depending on the temperature. For example, the density of water is 0.999840 at 0 ° C. and 0.98805 at 50 ° C. Also, the density of the fuel oil decreases with increasing temperature, similar to water. For this reason, when the mixing ratio of water is shown on a volume basis, the mixing ratio changes with each temperature change, so it is necessary to write the density and temperature of the fuel oil and water each time, and a complicated calculation is required. It becomes. On the other hand, when shown on a mass basis, it takes a constant value regardless of the type (density difference) of the fuel oil and the temperature at the time of the experiment.

(2) The calorific value of fuel oil is an important factor in the combustion of fuel oil. This value is indicated by the calorific value 燃料 [kJ / kg] per unit mass of fuel. The unit of fuel consumption in academic materials and experiments is indicated by the mass standard [kg / h].

Next, the configuration of the water-mixed fuel generating apparatus A will be described more specifically. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the water-mixed fuel generating device A connects the base end portion of the fuel oil outflow pipe 1 to the bottom of the fuel oil tank T1 containing the fuel oil F, The first flow meter R1 and the first electric flow control valve V1 are arranged in series in this order. In addition, the base end portion of the water outflow pipe 2 is connected to the bottom of the water tank T2 containing the water W. In the middle of the water outflow pipe 2, a second flow meter R2, a second electric flow control valve V2, and an emergency shutoff valve V3 are arranged in this order in series. And the front-end | tip part of the fuel oil outflow pipe 1 and the front-end | tip part of the water outflow pipe 2 are connected, and while connecting the base end part of the merging fluid introduction pipe 3 to this connection part, The inlet of the fluid mixer M is connected, and an electric pump P1 for water-mixed fuel is disposed in the middle part of the combined fluid introduction pipe 3. Here, the mixing ratio of the water W and the fuel oil F is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the first and second electric flow control valves V1, V2.

The electric pump P1 for water-mixed fuel sucks the combined fluid of the fuel oil F and the water W in the combined fluid introduction pipe 3 and discharges (pressure-feeds) them toward the fluid mixer M to join the fluid mixer M. The fluid is introduced. The outlet of the fluid mixer M is connected to the base end of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4, and the tip of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 is connected to the fuel oil supply pipe 9 via the second electric three-way valve Vc2. ing. There is a branch portion in the middle of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4, and the base end portion of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 is connected to the branch portion. The water-mixed fuel circulating pipe 5 is connected to the pressure regulating valve V4 and the first electric three-way. It reaches the inlet of the water-mixed fuel electric pump P1 via the valve Vc1.

A separation tank T3 is connected to the first electric three-way valve Vc1 via a water-mixed fuel recovery pipe 6, a fuel oil tank T1 is connected to the separation tank T3 via a fuel oil recovery pipe 7, and a water recovery pipe 8 The water tank T2 is connected via the to form a recovery unit. The first electric three-way valve Vc1 can switch the flow path to the downstream side of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 and the water-mixed fuel recovery pipe 6 side. The water-mixed fuel recovered in the separation tank T3 through the water-mixed fuel recovery pipe 6 separates the fuel oil F and water W from each other in the separation tank T3 due to the difference in specific gravity, and the separated fuel oil F is recovered as fuel oil. The separated water W is returned to the water tank T2 by the water electric pump P3 via the water recovery pipe 8 while being returned to the fuel oil tank T1 by the fuel oil electric pump P2 via the pipe 7.

The tip of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 is connected to a second electric three-way valve Vc2 provided in the vicinity of the supply inlet of the apparatus K such as the engine or boiler of the fuel oil supply pipe 9. The second electric three-way valve Vc2 includes a state in which the fuel oil supply pipe 9 communicates with the device K such as an engine or a boiler and the fuel oil tank T1, and a downstream side portion of the fuel oil supply pipe 9 (fuel injection of the device K). The flow path can be switched between a state in which the portion connected to the apparatus) and the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 communicate with each other. In a state where the fuel oil supply pipe 9 communicates with the fuel oil tank T1, the fuel oil is directly supplied from the fuel oil tank T1 to the engine or the boiler K. On the other hand, in a state where the downstream side portion of the fuel oil supply pipe 9 and the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 communicate with each other, a device K such as an engine or a boiler passes from the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 to the downstream side portion of the fuel oil supply pipe 9. Is supplied with water-mixed fuel.

The portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 located near the outlet of the fluid mixer M is connected to the base end of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5, while the water-mixed fuel electric pump P1 in the combined fluid introduction pipe 3 is connected. Is connected to the tip of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 to form a circulation channel J.

The fluid mixer M refines the introduced water W or fuel oil F as a dispersoid to a particle size including several μm or less, and makes it uniform in the fuel oil F or water W as a introduced dispersion medium. Anything can be used. Desirably, as in the fluid mixer M of the present embodiment, 90% or more of the introduced water W or fuel oil F as a dispersoid is refined to a particle size of several μm to about 20 μm to form fine water droplets Wa or The oil particles Fa can be made uniform in the introduced fuel oil F or water W as a dispersion medium, for example, “Fluid Mixing” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) "Apparatus" can be employed. This “fluid mixing device” is a static fluid mixing device that does not have a drive unit, and has a plurality of fluids (in this embodiment, water W and fuel oil F) in which honeycomb-structured elements are arranged in series inside the unit. Is a device that realizes ultra-fine atomization and uniform mixing in a short time by applying a shearing force by passing through a pressure.

The water-mixed fuel generating apparatus A configured as described above is provided with a controller C. The controller C includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM connected to each other via an internal bus. (Random Access Memory) and other computer devices. The CPU has a built-in timer, reads a control program stored in the ROM into the RAM, and executes calculations such as a water addition ratio according to the control program.

As shown in FIG. 3, the controller C receives output information from the operation unit Op and the first to second flow meters R1 to R2 via the input interface, while the controller C receives the first to second flowmeters. 2 Electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 to V2, an emergency shutoff valve V3, a pressure adjusting valve V4, a first electric three-way valve Vc1, a second electric three-way valve Vc2, and each electric pump P1 to P3 via an output interface Control information.

In the water-mixed fuel generating apparatus A configured as described above, the operation unit Op is manually operated to select which of the two types of water-mixed fuel is generated, and a desired water addition ratio is set. Thus, the desired water addition amount [kg] and the consumed fuel oil amount [kg] are calculated, and the respective opening amounts of the first to second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 to V2 are determined and determined. The first to second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 to V2 perform the opening operation for the respective opening amounts. The flow rates of the fluids (fuel oil F and water W) flowing through the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are detected by the first and second flow meters R1 and R2, respectively. Each detection information is input to the controller C. The opening amounts of the first to second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 to V2 are feedback controlled until a set desired water addition ratio is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of the water W and the fuel oil F reach the set amounts.

The mixed fluid in which a desired water addition ratio is obtained is introduced into the fluid mixer M by the water-mixed fuel electric pump P1, and the dispersoid water W or fuel oil F is contained in the fluid mixer M. 90% or more of the water becomes fine water particles Wa or oil particles Fa refined to a particle size of several μm to about 20 μm, and is made uniform in the fuel oil F or water W as a dispersion medium, and is a water-mixed fuel Is derived.

More specifically, in the case of generating “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” at the mixing ratio of fuel oil 70: water 30, the first electric flow rate adjustment valve V1 is fully opened, while the second electric flow rate adjustment is performed. The valve V2 is fully closed (a state in which only the fuel oil F is operated). At this time, the emergency shutoff valve V3 and the pressure regulating valve V4 are left open. The second electric three-way valve Vc2 is brought into a state where the fuel oil tank T1 and the device K such as an engine or a boiler are communicated with each other in the fuel oil supply pipe 9, and from the fuel oil tank T1 via the fuel oil supply pipe 9. Fuel oil F is supplied to equipment K such as an engine or a boiler.

In such a state, the fuel in the merged fluid introduction pipe 3 and the circulation flow path J is determined from the flow rate of the fuel oil F detected by the first flow meter R1 and the elapsed time of the fuel oil F flowing out from the fuel oil tank T1. When the controller C determines that the oil F is full, the first electric flow rate adjusting valve V1 is gradually throttled from the fully open state (100% opening degree) to the 70% opening degree, and the second electric flow rate adjusting valve V2 is turned on. The opening is gradually adjusted from the fully closed state (0% opening) to the 30% opening. Further, the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve V4 is adjusted so that the pressure of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 becomes a set value (for example, about 0.5 MPa).

At this time, the first electric three-way valve Vc1 switches the flow path to the downstream side of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 and the water-mixed fuel recovery pipe 6 side so that the fuel oil F and the water-mixed fuel pass through the water-mixed fuel recovery pipe 6. It is made to collect | recover in separation tank T3. From the flow rate of the fuel oil F detected by the first flow meter R1, the flow rate of the water W detected by the second flow meter R2, and the elapsed time that the fuel oil F has flowed out of the fuel oil tank T1, the combined fluid introduction pipe 3 If the controller C determines that the mixing ratio of the water-mixed fuel in the inside and the circulation channel J is 70% fuel oil: 30% water, the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 is connected to the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 in the first electric three-way valve Vc1. The flow path is switched so that the electric pump P1 is in communication with the electric pump P1, and the second electric three-way valve Vc2 is in a state where the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 and the downstream portion of the fuel oil supply pipe 9 are in communication with each other. Switch the flow path to.

In this way, water W having a weight ratio of 30% is minutely mixed by subsequently mixing water W into fuel oil F filled in merged fluid introduction pipe 3 and circulation flow path J. Can be mixed in 70% of the fuel oil F in a state of a water droplet Wa (see FIG. 2A). That is, while the amount of the fuel oil F is gradually reduced from 100% to 70%, the amount of the water W is gradually increased from 0% to 30%, while both of them are connected to the fluid mixer M via the merged fluid introduction pipe 3. In the fluid mixer M, 90% or more of the water W of the dispersoid is refined into water particles Wa having a particle diameter of several μm to about 20 μm, and the fuel oil F as a dispersion medium The “fine water droplet type water mixed fuel” that has been made uniform therein is generated, and the generated “fine water particle type water mixed fuel” is supplied to a device K such as an engine or a boiler.

Further, in the case of generating “fine oil particle type water mixed fuel” at the mixing ratio of the fuel oil 70: water 30, the first electric flow rate adjusting valve V1 is fully closed, while the second electric flow rate adjusting valve V2 is Fully open (fuel oil is not supplied). At this time, the emergency shutoff valve V3 and the pressure regulating valve V4 are left open. The second electric three-way valve Vc2 is brought into a state where the fuel oil tank T1 and the device K such as an engine or a boiler are communicated with each other in the fuel oil supply pipe 9, and from the fuel oil tank T1 via the fuel oil supply pipe 9. The fuel oil F is supplied directly to equipment K such as an engine or a boiler.

In such a state, the merging fluid introduction pipe 3 and the circulation passage J are filled with water from the flow rate of the water W detected by the second flow meter R2 and the elapsed time when the water W flows out of the water tank T2. Controller C determines that the amount of fuel oil F introduced from the fully closed state as soon as possible from the fully closed state is increased, and finally adjusted to 70% opening, 2 Adjust the electric flow control valve V2 from the fully open state to an opening of 30%. Further, the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve V4 is adjusted so that the pressure of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 becomes a set value (for example, about 0.5 MPa).

At this time, the first electric three-way valve Vc1 switches the flow path to the downstream side of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 and the water-mixed fuel recovery pipe 6 side, so that water and the water-mixed fuel are separated through the water-mixed fuel recovery pipe 6 It is made to collect | recover in T3. From the flow rate of the fuel oil F detected by the first flow meter R1, the flow rate of the water W detected by the second flow meter R2, and the elapsed time that the fuel oil F has flowed out of the fuel oil tank T1, the combined fluid introduction pipe 3 If the controller C determines that the mixing ratio of the water-mixed fuel in the inside and the circulation channel J is 70% fuel oil: 30% water, the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 is connected to the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 in the first electric three-way valve Vc1. The second electric three-way valve Vc2 switches the flow path so that the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 and the fuel oil supply pipe 9 are in communication with each other. Switch.

In this way, the fuel oil F having a weight ratio of 70% is obtained by subsequently mixing the fuel oil F into the water W filled in the merged fluid introduction pipe 3 and the circulation flow path J. It can be mixed in 30% of water W in the state of minute oil particles Fa (see FIG. 2B). That is, while the amount of water W is gradually reduced from 100% to 30%, the amount of fuel oil F is gradually increased from 0% to 70%, while both are mixed with the fluid mixer M via the merged fluid introduction pipe 3. In the fluid mixer M, 90% or more of the dispersoid fuel oil F is refined into oil particles Fa having a particle diameter of several μm to about 20 μm, and water W as a dispersion medium. The “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” that is homogenized therein is generated, and the generated “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” is supplied to a device K such as an engine or a boiler.

The water-mixed fuel produced by the water-mixed fuel generator A configured as described above is atomized by a fluid mixer M so that 90% or more of water or fuel oil as a dispersoid is a particle size of several μm to about 20 μm. Since it is dispersed in the fuel oil, the following unprecedented characteristics can be obtained.

(1) The water-mixed fuel produced by the water-mixed fuel generator A has a particle diameter of several μm to about 20 μm of water particles Wa or oil particles Fa mixed in the fuel oil F, and the diesel engine E Since there are many particles smaller than the gap between the plunger and the barrel of the fuel injection pump provided in FIG.

Also, the particle size of the atomized fuel oil (oil particles Fa) injected from the nozzle of the fuel injection pump is 10 to several tens of microns (μm), although it varies depending on the injection conditions. In contrast, since 90% or more of the water (water droplets Wa) atomized by the fluid mixer M has a particle size of several μm to about 20 μm, there are many water particles Wa in the injected oil particles Fa. It will be possible. When this is heated by the high temperature of the combustion chamber, the water particles Wa having a boiling point lower than that of the oil particles Fa evaporate first, and the volume becomes about 1500 times under atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the surrounding oil particles Fa can be further atomized (causing a micro explosion) to improve combustion.

(2) The “fine oil particle type water mixed fuel” generated by the water mixed fuel generating apparatus A has a particle diameter of several μm to about 20 μm in which 90% or more of the oil particles Fa mixed in the water are Since it is equal to or smaller than the particle size of the fuel oil atomized by the atomization mechanism of the fuel injection device installed in the boiler or diesel engine, the atomization mechanism of the fuel injection device is unnecessary, This makes it possible to reduce the cost and increase the performance of the fuel injection devices installed in boilers and diesel engines.

The water-mixed fuel derived from the fluid mixer M is supplied to a device K such as an engine or boiler (diesel engine in this embodiment) through the downstream side of the water-mixed fuel deriving pipe 4 and the fuel oil supply pipe 9. At this time, the second electric three-way valve Vc2 is controlled so that the upstream side of the fuel oil supply pipe 9 is disconnected by a manual operation of the operation unit Op. Here, the fluid mixer M is installed at a position as close as possible to a device K such as an engine or a boiler which is a form of the fuel injection device. Then, after the water-mixed fuel is generated by the water-mixed fuel generating device A, the water-mixed fuel can be immediately injected from a device K such as an engine or a boiler which is a form of the fuel injection device. By doing so, the water-mixed fuel is injected without separating the water W and the fuel oil F, and corrosion of the fuel supply system due to the water W contained in the fuel oil F and the separated water W can be prevented.

When 90% or more of the water W of the dispersoid is refined to a desired particle size of several μm to about 20 μm, a circulation channel J is formed through the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5 to circulate the water-mixed fuel. By circulating in the flow path J, the water mixed fuel passes through the fluid mixer M a plurality of times.

The surplus of the water-mixed fuel supplied to the equipment K such as the engine or the boiler is guided to the suction side of the water-mixed fuel electric pump P1 installed in the circulation passage J via the return pipe 10.

At the time of start / stop or emergency, only fuel oil F can be supplied to equipment K such as an engine or a boiler. In this case, the controller C is controlled to close the valve and the emergency shutoff valve V3 is closed, and the second electric three-way valve Vc2 is switched and controlled by manual operation of the operation unit Op. The fuel oil F is supplied to the equipment K such as a boiler via the fuel oil supply pipe 9.

In addition, the controller C controls the closing of the emergency shutoff valve V3 at the time of start / stop or emergency, and controls the second electric three-way valve Vc2 to switch from the water mixed fuel outlet pipe 4 of the water mixed fuel generating device A. While stopping the supply of the water-mixed fuel to the equipment K such as the engine or the boiler, the fuel oil F is automatically supplied from the fuel oil tank T1 to the equipment K such as the engine or the boiler via the fuel oil supply pipe 9. It can also be done.

In this case, since the controller C ensures that only the fuel oil F is supplied to the equipment K such as the engine or the boiler, the unexpected situation that the equipment K such as the engine or the boiler is suddenly stopped or damaged. Occurrence can be avoided. At this time, the controller C, which controls the closing of the emergency shutoff valve V3 as described above, and controls the switching of the second electric three-way valve Vc2, controls the closing of the first electric flow rate adjusting valve V1, and the pressure adjusting valve. V4 is controlled to open, and the first electric three-way valve Vc1 is controlled to switch within the circulation passage J formed by the combined fluid introduction pipe 3, the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 4, and the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 5. Circulate water-mixed fuel.

In the water-mixed fuel generating apparatus A configured as described above, since an additive (surfactant) is unnecessary, it is not necessary to provide an additive charging apparatus for charging the additive (surfactant). Accordingly, the water-mixed fuel generating device A can be reduced in size and weight because the additive charging device is not provided. In addition, the fluid mixer M needs to be installed immediately before the fuel injection device, but other equipment may be installed in an arbitrary space and connected to the fluid mixer M by piping. It has the feature that it can be designed.

[Experiment 1]
In this experiment 1, using the water-mixed fuel generating apparatus A of the present embodiment that does not require an additive, the NOx reduction effect by the “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel”, fuel consumption and PM (particulate matter: An experiment was conducted to clarify the effect on Particulate Matter. As a result, it was shown that not only NOx but also fuel consumption and PM can be simultaneously reduced by using this water-mixed fuel generator A.

That is, a water-mixed fuel device A configured as described above is connected to a small high-speed diesel engine of 214 kW / 3101 min ⁻¹ as a test engine, and this test engine is operated to perform the following experiment. It was.

In this experiment, the test engine was operated at a load factor of 75% on marine characteristics, and fuel consumption, the state of each part of the engine, and exhaust gas data such as NOx and PM were collected. As the fluid mixer M, “Ramond Nanomixer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23), was adopted. The fuel oil used was a commercially available light oil and low-sulfur A heavy oil (Type 1 No. 1), and tap water was used for the water. In addition, the water addition ratio is obtained by measuring the time during which a certain amount of fuel oil (for example, 3 kg) is consumed and the mass of water consumed within that time, thereby calculating the formula for the water addition ratio described above. Calculated by applying.

[Result of Experiment 1]
FIG. 4 shows the change in fuel consumption due to the mixing of water in “fine water droplet type water mixed fuel” and “fine oil particle type water mixed fuel” (hereinafter also referred to as both fuels). When “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” is used, the fuel efficiency is improved as the mixing ratio of water is increased, and the fuel efficiency is improved by about 5% by setting the mixing ratio to 30%. On the other hand, the use of “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” further improves the fuel efficiency, which is reduced by about 8% at a water mixing ratio of 30%.

Fig. 5 shows the change in NOx depending on the mixing ratio of water in both fuels. When “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” is used, NOx decreases with an increase in the mixing ratio of water, and is reduced by about 35% by setting the mixing ratio to 30%. On the other hand, when “fine oil particle type water mixed fuel” is used, the NOx reduction effect is small.

Fig. 6 shows the change in PM depending on the mixing ratio of water in both fuels. When “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” is used, PM decreases as the mixing ratio of water increases, and is reduced by half by setting the mixing ratio to 20%, and by approximately 60% by setting it to 30%. Yes.

Fig. 7 shows the effect of reducing PM by the mixing ratio of water when "fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel" is used. The color of the collection filter is changed from carbon black to gray in proportion to the mixing ratio of water, and the color is light gray by setting the mixing ratio to 30%.

FIG. 8 shows the particle size distribution of water particles (when water is mixed with C heavy oil) in “fine water droplet type water mixed fuel” in which 30% of water is mixed in fuel oil (C heavy oil). Since the mode diameter of the water particles (the particle diameter corresponding to the mode of distribution) has been refined to be a value in the vicinity of 1 μm (less than 2 μm) including a nano-level (less than 1 μm) particle size, Combustion can be improved by explosion.

[Experiment 2]
In Experiment 2, using the water-mixed fuel generating apparatus A of the present embodiment that does not require an additive, the change in fuel consumption when the mixing ratio of water in the “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” is 30% is clarified. An experiment was conducted.

In this experiment, the test engine was operated at a load factor of 75%, 50% and 25% on the marine characteristics, respectively, and fuel consumption data was collected during those operations. As the fluid mixer M, “Ramond Nanomixer” (trade name) was adopted as in Experiment 1. Commercial fuel oil was used as fuel oil, and tap water was used as water. In addition, the mixing ratio of water is determined by measuring the time during which a certain amount of fuel oil (for example, 1 to 3 kg) is consumed and the mass of water consumed within that time. Calculated by applying the formula.

[Result of Experiment 2]
FIG. 9 shows a photomicrograph of oil particles in a “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” in which 30% of water is mixed in commercially available light oil. This was taken of a “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” produced by setting the discharge pressure of the water-mixed fuel electric pump P1 of the water-mixed fuel generating device (inlet pressure of the fluid mixer M) to 0.6 MPa. Is. As shown in FIG. 9, most of the oil particles are atomized to 20 μm or less.

FIG. 10 shows a change in fuel consumption (%) in “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” in which 30% of water is mixed in commercially available light oil. This figure compares the case where water is not mixed in light oil with the case where 30% of water is mixed. By using “fine oil-grain water-mixed fuel” mixed with 30% water, fuel efficiency is improved by 7% to 8% at any load factor of 25%, 50%, and 75%. .

[Consideration of results]
The above experiment showed that CO ₂ (fuel consumption), NOx, and PM can be reduced at the same time. In this section, this reason and future prospects and problems will be discussed.

In FIG. 4, the fuel economy is improved because the amount of air introduced into the spray is increased by mixing water with fuel oil, and the combustion in the diffusion combustion period is particularly promoted. Further, it is considered that the combustion is improved by increasing the premixed combustion amount, and the PM is also decreased as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 5, NOx decreases with the mixing ratio of water. This is because (1) the temperature decrease due to the heat of vaporization accompanying the evaporation of water and (2) the effect of the increase in specific heat due to the water vapor generated by the evaporation of water. Conceivable.

In FIG. 8, since the water droplets of the “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” have a particle size of several μm to about 20 μm, the fuel efficiency is improved by the micro explosion effect.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, since the “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” does not need to be atomized by the combustion injection device, (1) combustion is improved by eliminating the atomization process in the combustion chamber. In addition to greatly reducing fuel consumption, (2) the atomization mechanism of the fuel injection device is not required, and the fuel injection device installed in the boiler or diesel engine can be reduced in cost and performance.

Also, from the relationship between the load factor and the fuel consumption when using the “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” shown in FIG. 10, the fuel efficiency is improved by 7 to 8% at all load factors. This shows that the combustion is improved regardless of external factors such as the fuel injection amount, the injection pressure, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the like.

Fig. 11 shows a model diagram of spray combustion when water-mixed fuel is used. FIG. 11A shows the case of only fuel oil, and Qa shows the amount of injected fuel oil in a rod shape. FIG. 11B shows a case where water is mixed with fuel oil. By mixing water with fuel oil, the amount Qc of mixed water is added to the amount Qb of injected fuel, and the total injection amount. (Qb + Qc) increases and the amount of air introduced into the spray increases. That is, compared with FIG. 11 (a), the amount of air with respect to the injected fuel amount Qb substantially equal to Qa increases, so that combustion is promoted particularly during the diffusion combustion period, and fuel consumption can be improved and PM can be reduced. There is sex. In addition, the combustion temperature decreases due to the increase in heat of vaporization when water evaporates and the specific heat after evaporation, and NOx is reduced. In FIGS. 4 to 6, it is considered that the reason why the fuel consumption is improved and the NOx and PM are reduced when the mixing ratio of water is increased is shown.

Fig. 12 shows a schematic diagram of the spray combustion process of fuel oil. As shown in FIG. 12, the fuel oil F ejected at a high speed from the nozzle nozzle of the fuel injection valve is atomized and evaporated in the combustion chamber. In this atomization process and the subsequent evaporation process, it is mixed with air introduced from the surroundings to become a combustible air-fuel mixture, and after about 1 ms (milliseconds), self-ignition and combustion start. As described above, in the conventional spray combustion apparatus, the fuel injected from the combustion injection apparatus shifts to the combustion process through two processes of “atomization” and “evaporation”.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a spray combustion process of “fine oil droplet type water mixed fuel” generated by the water mixed fuel generating apparatus A according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, by replacing the fuel oil shown in FIG. 12 with “fine oil particle type water mixed fuel”, the “evaporation process” starts in the combustion chamber without going through the “atomization process” shown in FIG. 12. Therefore, the fuel consumption is further improved. However, since the production of NOx is promoted by the activation of combustion, NOx may tend to increase. The reason why the NOx value of the “micro oil droplet type water mixed fuel” is higher than the NO x value of the “micro water droplet type water mixed fuel” in the same operation state shown in FIG.

From these results, by installing the water-mixed fuel generating device A according to the present embodiment between the fuel oil tank T1 and the fuel injection device in the equipment K such as an engine or a boiler, (1) fuel consumption, NOx and PM (2) It is installed between a fuel oil tank T1 and a device K such as an engine or a boiler which is a form of a fuel injection device, and a “micro oil droplet type” is installed in the combustion chamber. By supplying “water-mixed fuel”, the atomized oil droplets can be directly injected into the combustion chamber (the atomization mechanism in the fuel injection device can be eliminated), so that the fuel injection device can be simplified. Instead, spray combustion can be improved (combustion promotion).

Also, in combination with other NOx reduction technologies such as SCR and EGR, it can also be expected to play a role as a tertiary regulation compliant technology of IMO (International Maritime Organization).

[Summary]
1. Using a newly developed water-mixed fuel generator that can generate two types of water-mixed fuel without additives, an experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of water-mixed fuel on exhaust emissions. As a result, (1) By setting the water addition ratio in the “fine water droplet type water-mixed fuel” to 30%, the fuel consumption is about 5%, the NOx is about 35%, and the PM is about 60% simultaneously at an addition rate of 75%. It was shown that it can be reduced. (2) Even when the mixing ratio of water in the “fine oil particle type water-mixed fuel” is set to 30%, the fuel efficiency can be improved by 7% to 8% at the load factor of 25%, 50%, and 75%. .

2. A newly developed water-mixed fuel generator that does not require additives is installed between fuel oil tanks and equipment that requires fuel injection devices such as boilers and diesel engines. By generating the “water-mixed fuel”, the “atomization mechanism” of the fuel injection device becomes unnecessary, so that the fuel injection device installed in the boiler or diesel engine can be reduced in cost and performance.

A Water-mixed fuel generator M Fluid mixer T1 Fuel oil tank T2 Water tank T3 Separation tank R1 First flow meter R2 Second flow meter V1 First electric flow control valve V2 Second electric flow control valve V3 Emergency shut-off valve V4 Pressure Regulating valve P1 Water-mixed fuel electric pump P2 Fuel oil-powered pump P3 Water-powered pump Vc1 First electric three-way valve Vc2 Second electric three-way valve J Circulation channel C Controller Op Operation part W Water Wa Water droplet F Fuel oil Fa Oil grain 1 Fuel oil spill pipe 2 Water spill pipe 3 Combined fluid introduction pipe 4 Water mixed fuel outlet pipe 5 Water mixed fuel circulation pipe 6 Water mixed fuel recovery pipe 7 Fuel oil recovery pipe 8 Water recovery pipe 9 Fuel oil supply pipe 10 Return pipe

Claims

Fuel oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase or water as the continuous phase and fuel oil as the dispersed phase are introduced into the fluid mixer, and the introduced water or fuel oil as the dispersed phase is introduced in the vicinity of the fuel injection device. The particle size is reduced to a particle size of several μm or less by a fluid mixer installed in the tank, and is made uniform in the fuel oil or water as the introduced continuous phase and injected before the water and the fuel oil are separated. A water-mixed fuel generating device characterized by generating and deriving water-mixed fuel without an additive.
The water-mixed fuel generating device according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of water as a continuous phase or a dispersed phase can be set to an arbitrary value.
Fuel oil as a continuous phase and water as a dispersed phase are introduced into a fluid mixer, and the introduced water as a dispersed phase is refined to a particle size including several μm or less by a fluid mixer. A form that produces water-mixed fuel in which minute water particles are mixed without additives by homogenizing into the fuel oil as the introduced continuous phase, as well as granulating,
Water as a continuous phase and fuel oil as a dispersed phase are introduced into a fluid mixer, and the introduced fuel oil as a dispersed phase is refined to a particle size including several μm or less by a fluid mixer. Forming a water-mixed fuel in which fine oil particles are mixed without additives by making it into oil particles and making it uniform in water as an introduced continuous phase,
The water-mixed fuel generating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
When producing and deriving a water-mixed fuel containing minute water particles, only the fuel oil as a continuous phase is introduced into the fluid mixer in advance, and then introduced into the fluid mixer. By gradually reducing the fuel oil as a phase to a predetermined ratio and gradually increasing the water as a dispersed phase introduced into the fluid mixer to a predetermined ratio, the fuel oil as a continuous phase is introduced into the fluid mixer. And water as a dispersed phase are introduced at a predetermined ratio,
When generating and deriving a water-mixed fuel containing minute oil particles, only water as a continuous phase is introduced into the fluid mixer in advance, and then the continuous phase is introduced into the fluid mixer. The water as a continuous phase is reduced to a predetermined ratio and the fuel oil as a dispersed phase to be introduced into the fluid mixer is increased to a predetermined ratio. 4. The water-mixed fuel generating device according to claim 3, wherein the fuel oil is introduced at a predetermined ratio.