WO2015029682A1 - 等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法および外側継手部材 - Google Patents
等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法および外側継手部材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015029682A1 WO2015029682A1 PCT/JP2014/070046 JP2014070046W WO2015029682A1 WO 2015029682 A1 WO2015029682 A1 WO 2015029682A1 JP 2014070046 W JP2014070046 W JP 2014070046W WO 2015029682 A1 WO2015029682 A1 WO 2015029682A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cup
- shaft
- velocity universal
- welding
- cup member
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
- B21K1/765—Outer elements of coupling members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0006—Electron-beam welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/04—Electron-beam welding or cutting for welding annular seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/42—Induction heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/02—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like
- F16D1/027—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like non-disconnectable, e.g. involving gluing, welding or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
- F16D1/064—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable
- F16D1/068—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable involving gluing, welding or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
- F16D3/2055—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part having three pins, i.e. true tripod joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/226—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part
- F16D3/227—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part the joints being telescopic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/11—Joints, e.g. ball joints, universal joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22326—Attachments to the outer joint member, i.e. attachments to the exterior of the outer joint member or to the shaft of the outer joint member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0061—Joining
- F16D2250/0076—Welding, brazing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
- Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
- Y10S464/905—Torque transmitted via radially extending pin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
- Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
- Y10S464/906—Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/47—Molded joint
- Y10T403/477—Fusion bond, e.g., weld, etc.
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint and an outer joint member.
- the constant velocity universal joint that constitutes the power transmission system of automobiles and various industrial machines connects the two shafts on the drive side and the driven side so that torque can be transmitted, and transmits rotational torque at a constant speed even if the two shafts have an operating angle. can do.
- Constant velocity universal joints are broadly classified into fixed constant velocity universal joints that allow only angular displacement and sliding constant velocity universal joints that allow both angular displacement and axial displacement.
- a sliding type constant velocity universal joint is used on the differential side (inboard side), and a fixed type constant velocity universal joint is used on the drive wheel side (outboard side).
- the constant velocity universal joint is composed of a cup part in which a track groove that engages a torque transmitting element is formed on the inner peripheral surface, and an axial direction from the bottom part of this cup part. And an outer joint member having an extended shaft portion.
- This outer joint member is used to integrally form the cup and shaft by subjecting a solid bar-shaped material (bar material) to plastic processing such as forging and ironing, cutting, heat treatment, grinding, etc. There are many.
- a member having a long shaft portion may be used as the outer joint member.
- the inboard side outer joint member of the drive shaft on one side is made a long stem, and this long stem is rotatably supported by a rolling bearing.
- the length of the long stem portion varies depending on the vehicle type, but is approximately 300 to 400 mm.
- the shaft portion since the shaft portion is long, it is difficult to integrally form the cup portion and the shaft portion with high accuracy. For this reason, there is a type in which the cup portion and the shaft portion are formed of separate members and both members are joined by friction welding. Such a friction welding technique is described in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the intermediate product 71 ′ of the outer joint member 71 includes a cup member 72 and a shaft member 73 and is joined by friction welding. As shown in FIG. 15, the joining portion 74 has a burr 75 on the inner and outer diameters accompanying the pressure contact.
- the rolling bearing see FIG. 1
- the burr 75 on the outer diameter side of the joining portion 74 is removed by processing such as turning. There is a need.
- the intermediate product 71 ′ is a finished product of the outer joint member 71 by machining a spline, a retaining ring groove, and the like, through heat treatment, grinding, and the like. Therefore, although there is a difference in the shape of the details between the outer joint member 71 and the intermediate product 71 ′, in FIG. 16, the difference in the shape of the details is omitted to simplify the description, and the outer side as a finished product is omitted.
- the joint member 71 and the intermediate product 71 ′ are denoted by the same reference numerals. The same applies to the following description.
- the burrs 75 of the joint 74 generated by the friction welding described above are hardened by friction heat and subsequent cooling, and have a distorted shape spreading in the radial direction and the axial direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, when the burr 75 on the outer diameter side is removed by turning, the turning tip is abraded violently due to high hardness, and the turning tip tends to be chipped due to the distorted shape. For this reason, it is difficult to increase the turning speed, and the amount of cutting per pass of the turning tip is small and the number of passes is increased. Therefore, there is a problem that the cycle time is long and the manufacturing cost is increased.
- cup member 72 and the shaft member 73 used for the friction welding shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 and the welding shown in FIG. 17 are joined at intermediate positions of shaft portions having different shapes and sizes for each vehicle type. Therefore, as described later, it has been found that there is a problem in terms of cost reduction by improving productivity and integrating cup member types.
- the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the object thereof is to reduce the welding cost as well as the strength and quality of the welded portion, to improve the productivity, and to reduce the cost by integrating the products,
- An object of the present invention is to provide an outer joint member manufacturing method and an outer joint member that can reduce the load of production management.
- the present inventors diligently studied and verified to achieve the above object, and found the following findings. And based on these multifaceted knowledge, a new manufacturing concept was conceived and the present invention was achieved.
- (1) In terms of production technology in laser welding and electron beam welding, the cup member and the shaft member are placed in a sealed space and evacuated, and the hollow cavity is also welded in a vacuumed state to blow the melt. The rise and the generation of bubbles are suppressed.
- productivity when welding a cup member and a shaft member that have been subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment in order to improve productivity, the temperature of the peripheral portion increases due to heat during welding, and the heat treatment portion There is a concern that the hardness of the steel will decrease.
- the cup member 72 shown in FIGS. 15 to 17 has the following problems.
- the cup member 72 is formed with a short shaft portion whose diameter is reduced from the bottom portion of the cup portion by forging or the like.
- the short shaft portion is set based on the shape and dimensions of the shaft member 73, and the shaft portion It is the structure joined in the middle position.
- the shaft member 73 is required to have various shaft diameters and outer peripheral shapes in addition to the standard length stem and long stem type depending on the vehicle to be assembled. For this reason, when the short shaft portion of the cup member 72 is set with reference to the shape and dimensions of the shaft member 73 and joined at an intermediate position of the shaft portion 73, the short shaft portion of the cup member 72 joined to the shaft member 73 Since both the shaft diameter (joining diameter), shape, and length (joining position) are different, a dedicated cup member 72 is required for one kind of shaft member 73. Therefore, it has been found that there is a problem in terms of cost reduction by improving productivity and integrating cup member types.
- the present invention separates a cup portion formed on the inner periphery with a track groove engaged with a torque transmitting element and a shaft portion formed on the bottom portion of the cup portion.
- the cup member and the shaft member are made of medium carbon
- the cup member is prepared by forming a joining end face on the outer surface of the bottom part in the machining step, and the shaft member.
- the joining end face of the cup member and the joining end face of the shaft member are abutted, and the abutting portion is Mosquito From the outside of the flop member be one which welding by irradiating a beam in the radial direction, characterized in that the outer diameter of the joining end surface in the same size for each joint size.
- the present invention as an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes a cup part formed on the inner periphery of a track groove with which a torque transmission element engages and a shaft part formed on the bottom part of the cup part as separate members.
- the cup member and the shaft member are made of medium carbon steel
- a cylindrical portion and a bottom portion are integrally formed by forging, and a joining end surface is formed on an outer surface of the bottom portion.
- the shaft member is joined to an end portion to be joined to the bottom portion.
- the fact that the outer diameter of the joining end surface is the same for each joint size is limited to one type of cup member, that is, one product number.
- a plurality of types (multiple product numbers) of cup members are set with one joint size according to different specifications of the maximum operating angle, and the outer diameters of the end surfaces for joining of these cup members are set to the same size. It is a concept of wrapping things.
- a plurality of types (multiple product numbers) of cup members are set with one joint size, and the outer diameters of the end surfaces for joining of these cup members are the same size.
- the outer diameter of the end face for joining the cup member and the outer diameter of the end face for joining the shaft member are not necessarily the same size.
- the end face for joining the cup member in consideration of the state of the weld bead, etc.
- the outer diameter of the end surface for joining the shaft member is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the shaft member.
- the outer diameter of the end surface for joining the shaft member is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the end surface for joining the cup member. Appropriate dimensional differences may be added.
- the outer diameter of the joining end surface of the cup member and the shaft member is set to the same dimension for each joint size, the outer diameter of the joining end surface of the cup member and the joining end surface of the shaft member It is a concept including an appropriate dimensional difference between the outer diameter and the outer diameter.
- the fact that the outer diameter of the joining end face is the same for each joint size includes cases where the type of the constant velocity universal joint is different, for example, on the inboard side, Make the outer diameter of the above-mentioned joining end face of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint and the double offset type constant velocity universal joint equal, or on the outboard side, the Rzeppa type constant velocity universal joint and the undercut-free type constant velocity universal joint It is a thing of the concept also including making the outer diameter of the said end surface for joining into the same dimension. Furthermore, it is also possible to make the outer diameters of the joining end faces of the constant velocity universal joints on the inboard side and the outboard side the same.
- outer joints that can improve the strength and quality of welds, reduce welding costs, improve the productivity of cup members and shaft members, reduce costs by integrating product types of cup members, and reduce production management.
- a member manufacturing method and an outer joint member can be realized.
- At least one of the cup member and the shaft member before welding can be an intermediate part that is not subjected to heat treatment.
- finish processing such as heat treatment and grinding, or post-quenching cutting is performed. It is suitable for cup members and shaft members having shapes and specifications that affect the hardness of the heat-treated portion because the temperature at the periphery increases due to the heat during welding. Part numbers are assigned to the above intermediate parts for management.
- At least one of the cup member and the shaft member before welding can be a finished part subjected to heat treatment.
- Cup parts as finished parts shared for each joint size and various shaft parts for each vehicle type by making finished parts such as heat treatment and grinding after heat treatment and cutting after quenching, etc.
- shaft members having specifications can be obtained, they can be managed by assigning product numbers. Therefore, the cost reduction and the production management load reduction due to the integration of the cup member types become remarkable.
- common cup members and shaft members with various shaft specifications can be used for finished parts such as forging, turning, heat treatment, and finishing processing such as grinding and quenching. They can be manufactured separately, improving productivity, including reduction of setup.
- cup member and the shaft member as a finished part are not limited to those subjected to the finishing process such as the grinding process after the heat treatment and the post-quenching cutting process described above, and the heat-treated cup with the finishing process remaining.
- the concept includes a member and a shaft member.
- the hardness of the welded portion between the cup member and the shaft member is preferably in the range of Hv 200 to 500. If it is less than Hv200, it is difficult to ensure the strength required for the product function, which is not desirable. On the other hand, if it exceeds Hv500, there is a risk of cracking, which is not desirable.
- the outer joint member manufacturing method and the outer joint member of the constant velocity universal joint according to the present invention, the strength and quality of the welded portion, the welding cost is reduced, the productivity of the cup member and the shaft member is improved, and It is possible to realize an outer joint member manufacturing method and an outer joint member capable of reducing costs and reducing production management by integrating the types of cup members.
- FIG. 2b shows the whole structure of the drive shaft to which 1st Embodiment is applied about the outer joint member which concerns on this invention. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the outer joint member of FIG. 2b is an enlarged view of the weld of FIG. 2a.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the manufacturing process of the outer joint member of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cup member after the ironing process, showing the cup member before welding. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cup member after turning. It is a front view of the bar material as a material which shows the shaft member before welding. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shaft member after a forge process.
- FIGS. 3 to 10 show a first embodiment of a method for manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint according to the present invention
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the outer joint member according to the present invention. Shown in First, a first embodiment of an outer joint member will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and then a first embodiment of a method for manufacturing an outer joint member will be described with reference to FIGS. .
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall structure of a drive shaft 1 in which the outer joint member 11 of the first embodiment is used.
- the drive shaft 1 includes a sliding type constant velocity universal joint 10 disposed on the differential side (right side in the figure: hereinafter also referred to as inboard side) and a drive wheel side (left side in the figure: hereinafter also referred to as outboard side).
- the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 and the intermediate shaft 2 that couples the two constant velocity universal joints 10 and 20 so as to transmit torque are the main components.
- a sliding type constant velocity universal joint 10 shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called double offset type constant velocity universal joint (DOJ).
- the constant velocity universal joint 10 includes an outer joint member 11 having a cup portion 12 and a long shaft portion (hereinafter, also referred to as a long stem portion) 13 extending in the axial direction from the bottom portion of the cup portion 12, and an outer joint member 11.
- a cylindrical inner peripheral surface 42 of the member 11 and a spherical outer peripheral surface 43 of the inner joint member 16 are fitted with a spherical outer peripheral surface 45 and a spherical inner peripheral surface 46, respectively, and a cage 44 holding the ball 41.
- the center of curvature O 1 of the spherical outer peripheral surface 45 of the cage 44 and the center of curvature O 2 of the spherical inner peripheral surface 46 are offset from the joint center O by the same distance on the opposite side in the axial direction.
- the inner ring of the support bearing 6 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the long stem portion 13, and the outer ring of the support bearing 6 is fixed to the transmission case via a bracket (not shown).
- the outer joint member 11 is rotatably supported by the support bearing 6, and by providing such a support bearing 6, the outer joint member 11 is prevented from swinging during operation or the like as much as possible.
- a fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called Rzeppa type constant velocity universal joint, and has an outer side having a bottomed cylindrical cup portion 21a and a shaft portion 21b extending in the axial direction from the bottom portion of the cup portion 21a.
- a torque transmission element disposed between the joint member 21, the inner joint member 22 accommodated in the inner periphery of the cup portion 21 a of the outer joint member 21, and the cup portion 21 a and the inner joint member 22 of the outer joint member 21.
- a cage 24 that is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the cup portion 21 a of the outer joint member 21 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner joint member 22 and holds the ball 23.
- An undercut-free type constant velocity universal joint may be used as the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20.
- the intermediate shaft 2 has torque transmission splines (including serrations; the same applies hereinafter) 3 at the outer diameters at both ends. Then, the spline 3 on the inboard side is spline-fitted with the hole portion of the inner joint member 16 of the sliding type constant velocity universal joint 10, whereby the inner joint member 16 of the intermediate shaft 2 and the sliding type constant velocity universal joint 10. Are coupled so that torque can be transmitted. Further, the spline 3 on the outboard side is spline-fitted with the hole of the inner joint member 22 of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20, so that the intermediate shaft 2 and the inner joint member 22 of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 are connected. Connected to transmit torque. As the intermediate shaft 2, a solid type is shown, but a hollow type can also be used.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the outer joint member 11 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2a is a partial longitudinal sectional view
- FIG. 2b is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 2a.
- the outer joint member 11 is open at one end, and has a bottom with a plurality of track grooves 30 and a cylindrical inner peripheral surface 42 on which balls 41 (see FIG. 1) roll at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface.
- the outer joint member 11 is formed by welding a cup member 12a and a shaft member 13a.
- the cup member 12a shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b is made of medium carbon steel containing 0.40 to 0.60% by weight of carbon such as S53C, and has a track groove 30 and a cylindrical inner peripheral surface 42 formed on the inner periphery. It is an integrally molded product comprising a cylindrical portion 12a1 and a bottom portion 12a2. A convex portion 12a3 is formed on the bottom portion 12a2 of the cup member 12a.
- a boot mounting groove 32 is formed on the outer periphery on the opening side of the cup member 12a, and a retaining ring groove 33 is formed on the inner periphery.
- the shaft member 13a has a bearing mounting surface 14 and a retaining ring groove 15 formed on the outer periphery on the cup member 12a side, and a spline Sp formed on the opposite end.
- the shaft member 13a is made of medium carbon steel containing 0.30 to 0.55 wt% carbon such as S40C.
- the joining end surface 50 (see FIG. 4b) formed on the convex portion 12a3 of the bottom portion 12a2 of the cup member 12a and the joining end surface 51 (see FIG. 5c) of the end portion on the cup member 12a side of the shaft member 13a are brought into contact with each other. Welded by electron beam welding in the radial direction from the outside of 12a. As shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, the welded portion 49 is formed by a bead of a beam irradiated from the radially outer side of the cup member 12a.
- the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50 and the joining end face 51 is set to the same dimension for each joint size.
- the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50 of the cup member 12a and the outer diameter B of the joining end face 51 of the shaft member 13a are not necessarily the same size.
- the outer diameter B of the joining end face 51 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50, or conversely, the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50 is smaller than the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50. Appropriate dimensional differences may be added such as slightly increasing the diameter B.
- the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50 and the joining end face 51 is set to the same dimension for each joint size.
- the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50 and the outer diameter of the joining end face 51 are the same. This is a concept including that there is an appropriate dimensional difference with B.
- the bearing mounting surface 14 and the like can be processed in advance, and post-processing after welding can be eliminated. Further, since burrs do not appear in the weld due to electron beam welding, post-processing of the weld can be omitted, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Furthermore, 100% inspection by ultrasonic flaw detection of the welded portion can be reliably performed.
- FIG. 3 shows an outline of the manufacturing process of the outer joint member.
- the cup member 12a is manufactured by a manufacturing process including a bar material cutting process S1c, a forging process S2c, an ironing process S3c, and a turning process S4c, as shown.
- the shaft member 13a is manufactured by a manufacturing process including a bar material cutting process S1s, a turning process S2s, and a spline processing process S3s.
- the intermediate parts of the cup member 12a and the shaft member 13a manufactured in this way are each assigned a product number and managed.
- the machining process in the claims means a turning process S4c, a turning process S2s, and a grinding process S5s, which will be described later, among the above manufacturing processes.
- Bar material cutting step S1c Based on the forging weight, the bar material is cut at a predetermined length to produce a billet.
- Forming process S2c The billet is forged, and the cylindrical part, the bottom part, and the convex part are integrally formed as a shape material of the cup member 12a.
- the manufacturing process of the shaft member 13a will be described.
- Bar material cutting process S1s Based on the total length of the shaft part, the bar material is cut at a predetermined length to produce a billet. Thereafter, depending on the shape of the shaft member 13a, the billet may be forged into an approximate shape by upset forging.
- Induction hardening and tempering are performed as heat treatment on at least the track grooves 30, the cylindrical inner peripheral surface 42 and the outer periphery of the shaft portion 13 of the cup portion 12 after welding. The weld is not heat treated.
- a hardened layer of about HRC 58 to 62 is formed on the track groove 30 and the cylindrical inner peripheral surface 42 of the cup portion 12. Further, a hardened layer of about HRC 50 to 62 is formed in a predetermined range on the outer periphery of the shaft portion 13.
- the heat treatment process is incorporated after the welding process, the temperature of the peripheral part rises due to the heat during welding, and the cup member and shaft having a shape and specifications that affect the hardness of the heat treatment part. Suitable for parts.
- FIG. 4a is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state after the ironing of the cup member 12a
- FIG. 4b is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state after the turning.
- the cylindrical portion 12a1', the bottom portion 12a2 'and the convex portion 12a3' are integrally formed in the forging step S2c.
- the track grooves 30 and the cylindrical cylindrical surface 42 are ironed, and the inner periphery of the cylindrical portion 12a1 'is finished as shown in FIG. 4a.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in each processing step of the shaft member 13a.
- FIG. 5 a is a front view showing a billet 13 a ′′ obtained by cutting a bar material
- FIG. 5 b is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a raw material 13 a ′ obtained by forging the billet 13 a ′′ into an approximate shape by upset forging
- FIG. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-section which shows the shaft member 13a after a turning process and a spline process.
- the billet 13a "shown in FIG. 5a is manufactured. If necessary, the billet 13a" is expanded by upset forging as shown in FIG. A shaped member 13a ′ having a recess 52 formed on the side end (the end on the cup member 12a side) is manufactured.
- the outer diameter of the shaft member 13a, the bearing mounting surface 14, the retaining ring groove 15, the inner diameter portion 53 of the recess 52, the joining end surface 51 and the outer diameter B thereof are turned.
- the spline processing step S3s the spline Sp is processed at the opposite end of the recess 52 by rolling or pressing.
- the outer diameter B of the joining end surface 50 of the convex portion 12a3 of the bottom portion 12a2 of the cup member 12a shown in FIG. 4b is set to be the same size with one joint size.
- the shaft member 13a shown in FIG. 5c is for a long stem, the outer diameter B of the joining end surface 51 at the end on the cup member 12a side is not related to the shaft diameter or the outer peripheral shape of the cup member 12a. It is set to the same dimension as the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50.
- the joining end surface 51 of the shaft member 13 a is set at a position closer to the cup member 12 a than the bearing mounting surface 14.
- the cup member 12a Since the dimensions are set in this way, the cup member 12a is shared, only the shaft member 13a is manufactured in various shaft diameters, lengths and outer peripheral shapes according to the vehicle type, and both the members 12a and 13a are welded. Thus, the outer joint member 11 suitable for various vehicle types can be manufactured. Details of sharing the cup member 12a will be described later.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are schematic views showing the welding apparatus.
- FIG. 6 shows a state before welding
- FIG. 7 shows a state where welding is performed.
- the welding apparatus 100 mainly includes an electron gun 101, a rotating device 102, a chuck 103, a center hole guide 104, a tail stock 105, a work cradle 106, a centering jig 107, a case 108, and a vacuum pump 109.
- the configuration is as follows.
- the cup member 12a and the shaft member 13a which are workpieces, are placed on the workpiece cradle 106 in the welding apparatus 100.
- the chuck 103 and the centering jig 107 at one end of the welding apparatus 100 are connected to the rotating apparatus 102, and the cup member 12a is gripped by the chuck 103 in a state where the cup member 12a is centered by the centering jig 107, and is rotated.
- a center hole guide 104 is integrally attached to a tail stock 105 at the other end of the welding apparatus 100, and both are configured to be able to advance and retract in the axial direction (left and right direction in FIG. 7).
- the center hole of the shaft member 13a is set in the center hole guide 104 and is centered.
- a vacuum pump 109 is connected to the case 108 of the welding apparatus 100.
- the sealed space means a space 111 formed by the case 108.
- the entire cup member 12 a and the shaft member 13 a are accommodated in the sealed space 111.
- An electron gun 101 is provided at a position corresponding to the joining end faces 50 and 51 of the cup member 12a and the shaft member 13a. The electron gun 101 is configured to be close to a predetermined position with respect to the workpiece.
- the cup member 12a and the shaft member 13a which are workpieces, are stocked at a place different from the welding apparatus 100.
- Each workpiece is taken out by, for example, a robot, conveyed into the case 108 of the welding apparatus 100 opened to the atmosphere shown in FIG. 6, and set at a predetermined position of the workpiece cradle 106.
- the center hole guide 104 and the tail stock 105 are retracted to the right in the drawing, and a gap is provided between the joining end surfaces 50 and 51 of the cup member 12a and the shaft member 13a.
- the door (not shown) of the case 108 is closed, and the vacuum pump 109 is activated to depressurize the sealed space 111 formed in the case 108. Thereby, the inside of the recessed part 52 and the internal diameter part 53 of the shaft member 13a is also pressure-reduced.
- the center hole guide 104 and the tail stock 105 move forward to the left, and the gap between the end surfaces 50 and 51 for joining the cup member 12a and the shaft member 13a is formed. Disappear.
- the cup member 12 a is centered by the centering jig 107 and fixed by the chuck 103, and the shaft member 13 a is supported by the center hole guide 104.
- the work cradle 106 moves away from the work. At this time, the interval between the workpiece cradle 106 and the workpiece may be very small, and thus the interval is not shown in FIG.
- the electron gun 101 approaches the work to a predetermined position, rotates the work, and starts preheating.
- the preheating condition is set to a temperature lower than the welding temperature by bringing the electron gun 101 closer to the workpiece and increasing the spot diameter. By preheating, burning cracks can be prevented by slowing the cooling rate after welding.
- the electron gun 101 is retracted to a predetermined position, and an electron beam is irradiated in the radial direction from the outside of the workpiece to start welding.
- the electron gun 101 is retracted and the rotation of the workpiece is stopped.
- the door of the case 108 is opened and opened to the atmosphere. Then, with the workpiece cradle 106 raised and supporting the workpiece, the center hole guide 104 and the tail stock 105 are retracted to the right, and the chuck 103 is released. Thereafter, for example, the robot grabs the workpiece, removes it from the welding apparatus 100, and aligns it with the cooling stocker. Thereafter, the intermediate product of the outer joint member 11 performs ultrasonic flaw detection, and proceeds to a heat treatment step S7 as a post-process. In this embodiment, since the whole cup member 12a and shaft member 13a are accommodated in the sealed space 111, the configuration of the sealed space 111 in the case 108 can be simplified.
- the above-described welding apparatus 100 uses the cup member 12a.
- the pressure in the sealed space 111 was set to 6.7 Pa or less for welding.
- Electron beam welding was performed. As a result, a welded portion having a raised height (0.5 mm or less) on the weld surface that does not affect the incorporation of the bearing 6 into the shaft portion of the outer joint member 11 was obtained.
- the weld zone hardness after completion of welding could be suppressed within the range of Hv 200 to 500, and the welding strength was high and stable welding condition and quality could be obtained. Furthermore, by welding the sealed space 111 of the welding apparatus 100 at atmospheric pressure or lower, it is possible to suppress a pressure change in the hollow cavity during welding, and to prevent the melt from being blown up or drawn into the inner diameter side. did it.
- the shaft member 13b shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is for a standard stem on the inboard side.
- the shaft member 13b is formed with a joining end surface 51 that abuts the joining end surface 50 (see FIG. 4b) of the bottom 12a2 (projection 12a3) of the cup member 12a.
- the outer diameter B of the joining end face 51 is formed to have the same dimension as the outer diameter B of the joining end face 51 of the long stem type shaft member 13a shown in FIG.
- this shaft member 13b is for a standard stem on the inboard side, the length of the shaft portion is short, and a sliding bearing surface 18 is formed in the central portion in the axial direction, and a plurality of oil grooves 19 are formed on this sliding bearing surface 18. Is formed. A spline Sp and a retaining ring groove 48 are formed at the end opposite to the cup member 12a side.
- the diameter B of the joining end surface 51 of the shaft members 13a and 13b is the same regardless of the difference in the types of stems and long stems with standard lengths, as well as various shaft diameters and outer peripheral shapes for each vehicle type. Set to dimensions.
- the outer diameter B of the joining end surfaces 50 and 51 of the cup member 12a and the shaft members 13a and 13b is set to the same dimension for each joint size, there are various cup members and vehicle types that are shared for each joint size.
- a shaft member having a shaft specification can be prepared in a state before the heat treatment, and a part number can be assigned to each of the intermediate parts of the cup member 13a and the shaft members 13a and 13b for management.
- various outer joint members 11 according to demand can be quickly manufactured by combining with shaft members 13a and 13b having various shaft specifications for each vehicle type. . Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost and production management load by integrating the types of cup members 12a.
- cup members In the above, for the sake of easy understanding, the type integration of cup members has been explained by taking the difference between the standard length stem and the long stem as an example, but the standard length is not limited to this. This also applies to the integration of cup members with respect to shaft members having various shaft specifications for each vehicle type between the stems and shaft members having various shaft specifications for each vehicle type between the long stems.
- the cup member is shared by one joint size, and is managed with, for example, a product number C001.
- the shaft member has various shaft part specifications for each vehicle type, and is managed by being assigned product numbers S001, S002, to S (n), for example.
- the integration of the cup member types can reduce the cost and the production management load.
- the cup member is not limited to one type with one joint size, that is, one model number. For example, a plurality of types (multiple types with one joint size according to specifications with different maximum operating angles). No.) cup members are set, and those having the same outer diameter B of the joining end faces of these cup members are wrapped.
- FIG. 11 shows a second embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- the heat treatment process of the cup member in the heat treatment process S7 of FIG. 3 described above in the first embodiment is incorporated before the welding process S6 to form a heat treatment process S5c.
- a heat treatment process S5c As something to prepare.
- Contents excluding this point that is, the outline of each process described in the first embodiment of the manufacturing method, the state in the main processing steps of the cup member and the shaft member, the common use of the cup member, the welding method, and the product type integration Since the configuration of the outer joint member and the like are the same, all the contents of the first embodiment are applied mutatis mutandis to the present embodiment, and only different portions will be described.
- the cup member 12a has a shape extending from the joining end face 50 through the bottom portion 12a2 to the cylindrical portion 12a1 having a large diameter, and the portion subjected to heat treatment as quenching and tempering is the track groove 30 on the inner periphery of the cylindrical portion 12a1. This is a cylindrical inner peripheral surface 42. For this reason, normally, since there is no heat influence at the time of welding with respect to a heat treatment part, about cup member 12a, heat treatment is performed before welding and it prepares as a completed part. The manufacturing process of this embodiment is suitable for practical use.
- the cup member 12a is subjected to heat treatment as a finished product, and therefore is assigned and managed with a product number as a finished product. Therefore, the cost reduction and the production management load reduction due to the product type integration of the cup member 12a become remarkable.
- the cup member 12a can be manufactured independently up to a finished product that has undergone forging, turning, and heat treatment, and productivity is improved including reduction of setup.
- FIG. 10 which shows the example of the kind integration of the cup member described in the first embodiment
- FIG. 12 shows a third embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- the cup portion and shaft portion heat treatment step and the shaft portion grinding step S8 of the heat treatment step S7 of FIG. 3 described above in the first embodiment are incorporated before the welding step S6, and the cup This is a member heat treatment step S5c, a shaft member heat treatment step S4s, and a grinding step S5s. Therefore, both the cup member and the shaft member are prepared as finished products.
- the shaft member is formed with a hardened layer of about HRC 50 to 62 by induction hardening in a predetermined range of the outer peripheral surface in the heat treatment step S4s after the spline processing step S3s.
- the predetermined axial direction portion including the joining end face 51 is not subjected to heat treatment.
- duplication description is abbreviate
- the shaft member is moved to the grinding step S5s to finish the bearing mounting surface 14 and the like. Thereby, the shaft member as a finished product is obtained. Then, a product number as a finished product is assigned to the shaft member and managed.
- the manufacturing process of this embodiment is suitable for the case of a cup member and a shaft member having a shape and specifications that do not cause thermal effects during welding on the heat treatment part.
- both the cup member and the shaft member can be managed by assigning product numbers as finished products. Therefore, the cost reduction and the production management load reduction due to the integration of the types of cup members become more remarkable. Further, the cup member and the shaft member can be separately manufactured up to a finished product that has undergone forging, turning, heat treatment, grinding after heat treatment, and the like, and the productivity is further improved, including reduction of setup.
- the product numbers of the cup member and the shaft member in the drawing are the product numbers of the finished product. Since the outer joint member is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the cup member and the shaft member as a finished part are not limited to those subjected to the finishing process such as the grinding process after the heat treatment and the post-quenching cutting process described above, and the heat-treated cup with the finishing process remaining. It includes members and shaft members.
- the cup member is not limited to one type of joint size, that is, one model number. That is, as described above, for example, a plurality of types (plural model numbers) of cup members are set with one joint size according to different specifications of the maximum operating angle, and the outer diameters B of the joining end faces of these cup members are the same. Wrapping what is dimensioned. In addition to this, in order to manage the cup member in multiple forms of intermediate parts and finished parts before heat treatment in consideration of, for example, joint functions, actual conditions at the manufacturing site, productivity, etc. These types (multiple model numbers) of cup members are set, and those having the same outer diameter B of the joining end faces of these cup members are also wrapped.
- a sliding type constant velocity universal joint 10 shown in FIG. 13 is a tripod type constant velocity universal joint (TJ), and includes an outer joint having a cup portion 12 and a long stem portion 13 extending in the axial direction from the bottom of the cup portion 12.
- the inner joint member 16 is composed of a tripod member 17 in which three leg shafts 18 fitted with rollers 19 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the inner ring of the support bearing 6 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the long stem portion 13, and the outer ring of the support bearing 6 is fixed to the transmission case via a bracket (not shown). ing.
- the outer joint member 11 is rotatably supported by the support bearing 6, and the outer joint member 11 is prevented from swinging as much as possible during operation.
- FIG. 14 shows a partial longitudinal section of the outer joint member 11.
- the outer joint member 11 is open at one end, and is formed with a track groove 30 and an inner peripheral surface 31 on which the roller 19 (see FIG. 13) rolls at a three-way position in the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface.
- a long stem having a spline Sp extending in the axial direction from the bottom of the cup 12 and having a spline Sp as a torque transmission connecting portion on the outer periphery of the end opposite to the cup 12 side.
- the outer joint member 11 is formed by welding a cup member 12a and a shaft member 13a.
- the cup member 12 a is an integrally molded product including a cylindrical portion 12 a 1 and a bottom portion 12 a 2 in which a track groove 30 and an inner peripheral surface 31 are formed on the inner periphery.
- a convex portion 12a3 is formed on the bottom portion 12a2 of the cup member 12a.
- a boot mounting groove 32 is formed on the outer periphery of the cup member 12a on the opening side.
- the shaft member 13a has a bearing mounting surface 14 and a retaining ring groove 15 formed on the outer periphery on the cup member 12a side, and a spline Sp formed on the end opposite to the cup member 12a side.
- the joining end surface 50 formed on the convex portion 12a3 of the bottom 12a2 of the cup member 12a and the joining end surface 51 at the end of the shaft member 13a on the cup member 12a side are abutted and welded by electron beam welding from the outside in the radial direction. Yes.
- the welded portion 49 is formed by a bead of a beam irradiated from the radially outer side of the cup member 12a. Similar to the outer joint member of the first embodiment, the outer diameter B of the joining end face 50 and the joining end face 51 is set to the same dimension for each joint size.
- the bearing mounting surface 14 and the like can be processed in advance, and post-processing after welding can be eliminated. Further, since burrs do not appear in the weld due to electron beam welding, post-processing of the weld can be omitted, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Furthermore, 100% inspection by ultrasonic flaw detection of the welded portion can be reliably performed.
- the outer joint member of the present embodiment is the same as that described above in the first embodiment of the outer joint member and the first to third embodiments of the manufacturing method described above. Duplicate explanation is omitted.
- the electron beam welding is applied.
- laser welding can be similarly applied.
- the present invention can also be applied to an outer joint member of another sliding type constant velocity universal joint such as a type constant velocity universal joint, and further to an outer joint member of a fixed type constant velocity universal joint.
- the present invention is applied to the outer joint member of the constant velocity universal joint constituting the drive shaft.
- the present invention is also applied to the outer joint member of the constant velocity universal joint constituting the propeller shaft. Can do.
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Abstract
Description
(1)レーザ溶接や電子ビーム溶接における生産技術の面では、カップ部材と軸部材を密閉空間に設置して真空引きし、中空空洞部も真空化された状態で溶接することで溶融物の吹き上がりや気泡の発生が抑えられる。
(2)また、生産性の面では、生産性向上を図るために焼入れ焼戻しの熱処理を施したカップ部材と軸部材を溶接する場合、溶接時の熱で周辺部の温度が上昇し、熱処理部の硬度が低下する懸念がある。この問題に対しては、溶接工程の順序の入れ替えにより、継手機能への影響がない範囲で最も効率的でコスト低減が可能な工程で接合するという方法に着目した。例えば、溶接時の熱影響がないものであれば、焼入れ焼戻しの熱処理を施した完成状態のカップ部材と軸部材を溶接し、一方、熱影響があるものは、溶接後の熱処理とする工程とするなど、カップ部材や軸部材の形状、仕様等に応じて最適な工程をとるコンセプトを見出した。
(3)さらに、生産性や品種統合の面では、図15~17に示すカップ部材72には、次のような問題があることが判明した。すなわち、カップ部材72は、鍛造加工等によりカップ部の底部より縮径された短軸部が形成されるが、この短軸部が軸部材73の形状、寸法を基準にして設定され、軸部の途中位置で接合される構成となっている。軸部材73は、組み付けられる車両によって、標準的な長さのステムやロングステムというタイプの違いに加えて、種々の軸径や外周形状が要求される。このため、カップ部材72の短軸部を軸部材73の形状、寸法を基準にして設定し、軸部の途中位置で接合する場合、軸部材73と接合されるカップ部材72の短軸部の軸径(接合径)や形状、長さ(接合位置)の両方が異なるため、一種類の軸部材73に対して専用のカップ部材72が必要になる。したがって、生産性の向上やカップ部材の品種統合によるコスト低減の面でも問題があることが判明した。
鍛造重量に基づいてバー材を所定長さで切断し、ビレットを製作する。
ビレットを鍛造加工により、カップ部材12aの素形材として筒状部、底部および凸部を一体成形する。
前記素形材のトラック溝30および筒状円筒面42をしごき加工して、カップ部材12aの筒状部の内周を仕上げる。
しごき加工後の素形材に、外周面、ブーツ取付溝32、止め輪溝33などと接合用端面50(図4b参照)を旋削加工する。本実施形態では、旋削加工工程S4cの後、中間部品としてのカップ部材12aに品番を付与して管理する。
[バー材切断工程S1s]
軸部全長に基づいてバー材を所定長さで切断し、ビレットを製作する。その後、軸部材13aの形状に応じて、ビレットをアプセット鍛造により概略形状に鍛造加工する場合もある。
ビレットの外周面(軸受装着面14、止め輪溝15、スプライン下径、端面など)とカップ部材12a側端部の接合用外面51(図5c参照)を旋削加工する。
旋削加工後の軸部材にスプラインを転造加工する。ただし、スプラインの加工は転造加工に限られるものではなく、適宜プレス加工等に置き換えることもできる。本実施形態では、スプライン加工後、中間部品としての軸部材13aに品番を付与して管理する。
カップ部材12aの接合用端面50と軸部材13aの接合用端面51を突合せて溶接する。
溶接後のカップ部12の少なくともトラック溝30、筒状内周面42および軸部13の外周の必要範囲に熱処理として高周波焼入れ焼戻しを行う。溶接部は熱処理を施さない。カップ部12のトラック溝30や筒状内周面42はHRC58~62程度の硬化層が形成される。また、軸部13の外周の所定範囲にHRC50~62程度の硬化層が形成される。
熱処理後、軸部13の軸受装着面14等を研削加工して仕上げる。これにより、外側継手部材11が完成する。
2 中間シャフト
3 スプライン
4 ブーツ
5 ブーツ
6 サポートベアリング
10 摺動式等速自在継手
11 外側継手部材
12 カップ部
12a カップ部材
12a1 筒状部
12a2 底部
13 長寸軸部
13a 軸部材
14 軸受装着面
16 内側継手部材
17 トリポード部材
19 トルク伝達要素(ローラ)
20 固定式等速自在継手
21 外側継手部材
22 内側継手部材
23 トルク伝達要素(ボール)
24 保持器
30 トラック溝
31 内周面
40 トラック溝
41 トルク伝達要素(ボール)
42 筒状内周面
49 溶接部
50 接合用端面
51 接合用端面
52 凹部
100 溶接装置
101 電子銃
108 ケース
109 真空ポンプ
111 密閉空間
B 外径
O 継手中心
O1 曲率中心
O2 曲率中心
Sp スプライン
Claims (8)
- トルク伝達要素が係合するトラック溝を内周に形成したカップ部と、このカップ部の底部に形成された軸部とを別部材で構成し、前記カップ部を形成するカップ部材と前記軸部を形成する軸部材とを溶接してなる等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法において、
前記カップ部材と軸部材を中炭素鋼で形成し、前記カップ部材として、その筒状部と底部を鍛造加工により一体に形成した後、機械加工工程において前記底部の外面に接合用端面を形成したカップ部材を準備し、前記軸部材として、機械加工工程において前記カップ部材の底部と接合される接合用端面を形成した軸部材を準備し、前記カップ部材の接合用端面と軸部材の接合用端面を突合せて、この突合せ部に前記カップ部材の外側から半径方向にビームを照射して溶接するものであって、前記接合用端面の外径をジョイントサイズ毎に同一寸法にしたことを特徴とする等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。 - 前記溶接前のカップ部材と軸部材の少なくとも一方を、熱処理を施さない中間部品としたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記溶接前のカップ部材と軸部材の少なくとも一方を、熱処理を施した完成部品としたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記溶接が電子ビーム溶接であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記カップ部材と軸部材を密閉空間に設置して大気圧以下の状態で溶接することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記カップ部材と軸部材の溶接部の硬度がHv200~500であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- トルク伝達要素が係合するトラック溝を内周に形成したカップ部と、このカップ部の底部に形成された軸部とを別部材で構成し、前記カップ部を形成するカップ部材と前記軸部を形成する軸部材とを溶接してなる等速自在継手の外側継手部材において、
前記カップ部材と軸部材が中炭素鋼からなり、前記カップ部材は、鍛造加工により筒状部と底部が一体成形され、この底部の外面に接合用端面が形成されたものであり、前記軸部材は、前記底部に接合される端部に接合用端面が形成されたものであり、前記両接合用端面を突合せて前記カップ部材と軸部材が溶接されており、この溶接部が前記カップ部材の外側から半径方向に照射されたビームによるビードで形成されていると共に、前記接合用端面の外径がジョイントサイズ毎に同一寸法に設定されていることを特徴とする等速自在継手の外側継手部材。 - 前記カップ部材と軸部材の溶接部の硬度がHv200~500であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材。
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US14/911,348 US9605715B2 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2014-07-30 | Method of manufacturing outer joint member of constant velocity universal joint, and outer joint member |
EP14839291.3A EP3040570B1 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2014-07-30 | Method for manufacturing outside joint member in constant-velocity universal joint, and outside joint member |
CN201480047762.5A CN105492791B (zh) | 2013-08-29 | 2014-07-30 | 等速万向联轴器的外侧联轴器构件的制造方法以及外侧联轴器构件 |
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JP6472611B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-16 | 2019-02-20 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法 |
JP6385730B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-17 | 2018-09-05 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法および外側継手部材 |
JP6396087B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-18 | 2018-09-26 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法 |
JP6639811B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-11 | 2020-02-05 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材 |
JP6618728B2 (ja) | 2015-07-09 | 2019-12-11 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法および溶接部の超音波探傷検査方法 |
JP6588262B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2019-10-09 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の軸部材の鍛造方法 |
JP6685683B2 (ja) | 2015-09-24 | 2020-04-22 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法および溶接部の超音波探傷検査方法 |
JP2017072154A (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材 |
JP6719895B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-07 | 2020-07-08 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の外側継手部材 |
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EP3040570A4 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
JP2015064101A (ja) | 2015-04-09 |
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CN105492791A (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
US9605715B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
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