WO2015027553A1 - 一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置 - Google Patents

一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015027553A1
WO2015027553A1 PCT/CN2013/085719 CN2013085719W WO2015027553A1 WO 2015027553 A1 WO2015027553 A1 WO 2015027553A1 CN 2013085719 W CN2013085719 W CN 2013085719W WO 2015027553 A1 WO2015027553 A1 WO 2015027553A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
defoaming
spinning solution
inner cylinder
kettle
wall
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PCT/CN2013/085719
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周家村
胡广敏
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海斯摩尔生物科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2015027553A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015027553A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0042—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
    • B01D19/0052—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow in rotating vessels, vessels containing movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/91—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
    • B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/12—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/14—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
    • B29B7/845—Venting, degassing or removing evaporated components in devices with rotary stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/86—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for working at sub- or superatmospheric pressure
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • D01D1/065—Addition and mixing of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt; Homogenising
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/10—Filtering or de-aerating the spinning solution or melt
    • D01D1/103—De-aerating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a defoaming device for a high-viscosity spinning solution, in particular to a high-viscosity pure chitosan spinning liquid industrial defoaming device.
  • Pure chitosan fiber refers to a fiber made from extracts from shrimps and crab shells, and has many special advantages compared with conventional natural fibers and synthetic fibers. The first is to not rely on oil, and not to compete for land with food, to open up the third source of chemical fiber; second, waste utilization, in line with the sustainable development trend of green and environmental protection. Further, the pure chitosan fiber has broad-spectrum antibacterial property, mildew resistance, excellent biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity, and also has the functions of adsorption chelation, hemostasis, and scar reduction. Based on its functional role, it can be widely used in aerospace, medical and health, military civil textiles, filtration protection and other fields, with huge market potential and positively promoting human health.
  • the spinning solution In the wet spinning, the spinning solution is extruded from the spinneret into the coagulation bath at a high pressure. If bubbles are introduced into the coagulation bath, bubbles are ejected in the bath, causing the yarn to break. Therefore, it must be defoamed before spinning. Since the viscosity of the pure chitosan spinning solution is more than 450,000 mpa ⁇ s, it is nearly ten times the viscosity of the viscose fiber spinning solution. According to the conventional conventional defoaming method, the production efficiency is extremely low, and it is difficult to achieve industrial production.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide an industrial defoaming device with high defoaming efficiency and good defoaming effect, and the defoaming device is applicable to a wide range of viscosity of the spinning solution.
  • An industrial defoaming device for a high-viscosity pure chitosan spinning solution comprising a defoaming kettle and a stirring device, wherein a head of the defoaming kettle is provided with a feeding port and a vacuum suction port, and a bottom position of the bottom of the lower head is set a liquid outlet, the stirring device comprising a stirring shaft and a stirring power device; the stirring shaft is composed of an upper stirring shaft and a lower stirring shaft with a propeller; the upper end of the upper stirring shaft and the stirring power device
  • the output shaft of the reducer is fixedly connected, passes through the mechanical sealing device, and extends into the defoaming kettle, and the lower end of the lower agitating shaft is mounted on the bottom bracket, and the bottom bracket is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the inner wall of the defoaming kettle; the defoaming kettle
  • the axial center is fixedly provided with an inner cylinder body, the upper end of the inner cylinder body is closed, and
  • An annular feed pipe is fixedly arranged above the body of the defoaming kettle, and the annular feed pipe is connected with the feed port, and a portion below the horizontal center surface of the annular feed pipe is covered with a discharge hole.
  • the upper end of the inner cylinder body is closed by a circular plate which is filled with liquid discharge holes.
  • the shaft line of the output shaft of the agitating power reducer, the shaft line of the agitating shaft, the axial line of the inner cylinder, the center line of the mechanical seal, and the center line of the liquid outlet are in a straight line.
  • the lower head of the defoaming kettle is provided with a sampling port.
  • the annular feed conduit is fixed by a bracket fixed above the umbrella-shaped diffuser of the inner wall of the defoaming kettle, the inner cylinder being fixed by the upper support rod and the lower support rod.
  • the defoaming kettle is provided with a stopper; the upper head of the defoaming kettle is provided with a vacuum inlet, a vacuum gauge and an electric contact pressure gauge, an observation port, a manhole, a compressed air venting port and a safety valve, and Mirror light, water inlet, compressed air inlet.
  • the defoaming kettle is composed of an upper head, a cylinder and a lower head, and the upper head and the lower head are all elliptical heads.
  • the annular feed conduit is arranged above the body of the defoaming kettle, the annular feed conduit is connected with the feed port and a plurality of discharge pores are arranged at the bottom to high-viscosity pure chitosan with high pressure power.
  • the spinning solution is transported to the annular feed pipe through the feed port, and then extruded through the discharge orifice, and dripped to the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate under the action of gravity. Since the diameter of the small hole is only 1mm-5mm, when the spinning solution is extruded and separated from the discharge hole, the discharge small hole acts as a shearing force, and the pressure in the defoaming kettle is 500pa. Under the action of 5000pa, the bubble quickly escapes and completes the first defoaming effect of high pressure separation shearing.
  • the pure chitosan spinning droplet flow which realizes the first defoaming is carried out on the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate, under the action of gravity and the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate with ⁇ inclination angle, from the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate
  • the edge flows toward the outer edge of the umbrella-shaped diffuser. During the flow, it acts as a thinning spinning solution.
  • the interface layer of the spinning solution changes continuously, increasing the defoaming area.
  • the pressure in the defoaming kettle is 500pa.
  • the bubble quickly escapes; the spinning solution flowing to the outer edge of the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate is dripped under the action of gravity, and the outer edge of the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate shears the spinning solution, and the spinning
  • the silk liquid interface layer changes, the pressure in the defoaming kettle is 500pa Under the action of 5000pa, the bubble quickly escapes, and the second defoaming effect of filming and shearing is completed.
  • the defoaming kettle of the present invention is provided with an inner cylinder body and a lower agitating shaft with a propeller, and a portion of the inner cylinder wall above the umbrella diffuser and an upper end sealing cap of the inner cylinder
  • the special structure of the liquid-filled pores is filled, and the pure chitosan spinning solution for the second defoaming process is lifted by the propeller stirring, and is lifted from the bottom of the kettle body to the upper part of the inner cylinder body, then these pure shells are gathered.
  • the sugar spinning solution can only be extruded through a small hole of a diameter of 1 mm to 5 mm to achieve the defoaming effect of the above a; when the spinning droplet flows to the top of the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate to the bottom of the kettle body, The defoaming effect of the above b, the completion of one of the steps of the agitation lifting device achieves the two defoaming effects of the above a and b.
  • the disadvantage that the spinning solution at the bottom of the defoaming tank is difficult to defoam by the conventional defoaming method is avoided.
  • the unit operates continuously to achieve high efficiency, high quality defoaming.
  • the viscosity of pure chitosan spinning solution is 550,000 mpa ⁇ s Within the range, the higher the viscosity, the higher the dry rupture strength of the pure chitosan fiber prepared therefrom, the greater the dry rupture elongation and the better the spinnability.
  • the pure chitosan spinning solution will degrade over time and the viscosity will decrease.
  • the device of the invention makes the defoaming time greatly shortened, the viscosity of the spinning solution does not change much, and the high-quality spinning solution is quickly prepared.
  • the invention not only realizes high efficiency and high quality defoaming of the pure chitosan spinning solution, but also ensures the industrial production of high quality pure chitosan fiber.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the present invention
  • a high-viscosity chitosan spinning liquid defoaming device comprises a defoaming kettle 1 and a stirring device, wherein the reaction vessel 1 is composed of an upper head, a cylinder body and a lower head welding, the upper head and the lower head
  • the heads are all elliptical heads, and the specifications of the upper head, the barrel and the lower head material can be determined according to factors such as the size of the pressure bearing and the volume.
  • the upper head of the defoaming kettle 1 is provided with a feed port 3, a vacuum suction port 5 and a vacuum vacuum inlet port 15, and the function of the vacuum vacuum inlet port 15 is: after the defoaming of the spinning solution in the kettle is completed The vacuum inside the defoaming kettle 1 is destroyed and becomes normal pressure, which facilitates the output of the spinning solution.
  • the upper head of the defoaming kettle 1 is provided with a water inlet 27 for washing the defoaming kettle 1.
  • the upper head of the defoaming kettle 1 is further provided with a vacuum gauge and an electric contact pressure gauge 17, an observation port 21, and a manhole. 23. Compressed air venting port and safety valve 24, mirror lamp 26, compressed air inlet port 25.
  • the bottom of the lower end of the defoaming kettle 1 is provided with a liquid outlet 4, a liquid outlet 4
  • the spinning solution is connected to the spinning liquid outlet and the waste water outlet, the spinning liquid outlet is connected to the horizontal end of the tee; the waste water outlet is connected to the downward vertical end of the tee, and the waste water outlet is used for discharging the cleaning defoaming kettle 1 Waste water
  • the lower head also has a sampling port 18 for easy understanding of the defoaming of the spinning solution.
  • a stopper 19 may be further disposed in the defoaming tank 1 to facilitate control of the capacity of the spinning solution in the defoaming tank 1.
  • the annular feed pipe 7 is in communication with the feed port 3, and is fixed by a bracket 20 fixed above the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate 10 on the inner wall of the defoaming kettle 1, and uniformly distributed on the pipe wall below the horizontal center plane.
  • Full diameter is 1mm ⁇ 5mm discharge orifice 8.
  • the inner cylinder 9 is fixed to the axial center position in the defoaming tank 1 by the upper support rod 22 fixed to the inner wall of the defoaming tank 1 and the lower support rod 12.
  • the upper end of the inner cylinder 9 is covered with a diameter of 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the circular plate of the liquid discharge orifice 11 is closed, and the purpose thereof is to prevent the spinning liquid lifted from the propeller 14 from directly flowing out from the upper end cylinder mouth, and to allow the spinning liquid to pass from the upper end cylinder body to the circular plate.
  • the liquid outlet hole 11 is extruded and flows to the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate, and the bubble is released to play the defoaming effect; in addition, due to the rapid lifting of the spinning solution and the liquid outlet hole at the upper end of the inner cylinder body
  • the resistance of the closed circular plate of 11 generates a large pressure on the side wall of the upper cylinder, and the spinning solution is also extruded from the outlet hole 11 of the upper cylinder side wall and flows to the umbrella-shaped diffuser plate. The bubbles are released to achieve the effect of defoaming.
  • the umbrella-shaped diffuser 10 is fixed on the upper support rod 22 for convenient maintenance.
  • the partial umbrella-shaped diffuser 10 can be fixed to the upper support rod 22 by bolts, and the umbrella-shaped diffuser 10 divides the inner cylinder 9 into two.
  • the agitating shaft is fixedly connected by the upper agitating shaft 2 and the lower agitating shaft 14 with a propeller, and the lower end of the upper agitating shaft 2 and the upper end of the lower agitating shaft 14 with the propeller are welded with a rib flange.
  • the bolts are fixedly connected. This is not only the need to assemble the defoaming kettle, but also the need to repair the device; the bottom bracket 6 is fixed with a wear-resistant Teflon sleeve, and the lower end of the lower agitating shaft is directly set.
  • the bottom bracket 6 functions to support the fixed stirring shaft;
  • the stirring power device comprises a power bearing 13, a motor table, a motor and a matching speed reducer; the lower end of the power bearing 13 is fixed Installed in the center position of the outer wall of the upper head of the defoaming kettle 1, the seat bearing is fixedly mounted therein, and the function thereof is to stabilize the stirring shaft;
  • the motor table is fixed to the center position of the upper end surface of the power bearing 13 by bolts, The function is to fix the motor and the associated reducer as a platform; the output shaft of the reducer and the upper end of the upper agitator shaft 2 are fixedly connected by a coupling.
  • the mechanical sealing device 16 is fixedly mounted at the center of the upper head of the defoaming kettle 1 for sealing the gap between the defoaming kettle 1 and the upper agitating shaft 2; the lower agitating shaft 14 with the propeller is The propeller is welded to the lower agitating shaft, and the height of the propeller is smaller than the height of the inner cylinder 9. 75mm---120mm, there is a gap between the outer edge of the propeller and the inner cylinder wall of the inner cylinder 9. The size of the gap can be determined according to factors such as the viscosity of the spinning solution and the lifting speed.
  • the invention not only realizes high efficiency and high quality defoaming of the pure chitosan spinning solution, but also ensures the industrial production of high quality pure chitosan fiber.

Abstract

一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，包括脱泡釜（1）、搅拌装置，脱泡釜（1）设有进料口（3）、真空抽气口（5）、出液口（4）；搅拌装置包括搅拌轴和搅拌动力装置；搅拌轴由上搅拌轴（2）和带有螺旋桨的下搅拌轴（14）固定连接组成；脱泡釜（1）轴心位置固定设有内筒体（9），内筒体（9）的上端部筒体口封闭，下端部筒体口开放；内筒体（9）上半部的外壁上固定设有上支撑杆（22），上支撑杆（22）上面固定设置伞状散流板（10），伞状散流板（10）的外边缘与脱泡釜（1）的内壁之间有间隙，内边缘与内筒体（9）的外壁之间无间隙；内筒体（9）的筒体壁在伞状散流板（10）上面的部分布满出液小孔（11）；螺旋桨与内筒体（9）的内壁之间有间隙。

Description

一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高黏度纺丝液的脱泡装置,尤其涉及一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液工业化脱泡装置。
背景技术
纯壳聚糖纤维是指利用虾、蟹壳中的提取物制成的纤维，与传统的天然纤维和合成纤维相比具有许多特殊优点。首先是既不依赖石油，又不与粮食争夺土地，开辟了化学纤维的第三原料来源；二是废物利用，符合绿色、环保的可持续发展趋势。进一步讲，纯壳聚糖纤维具有广谱抑菌性、防霉性、优异的生物相容性和无免疫原性，还具有吸附螯合，止血促愈、减少疤痕的作用。基于其功能作用，可广泛应用于航天、医疗卫生、军用民用纺织品、过滤防护等领域，市场潜力巨大，并对人类的健康事业的起到积极地推动作用。
众所周知,纯壳聚糖纺丝液的黏度越高，所纺制的纯壳聚糖纤维的干断裂强度越高，干断裂伸长率越大，可纺性越好，高黏度的纯壳聚糖纺丝液是纺制高品质纯壳聚糖纤维的重要保障，因此，只有高黏度的纯壳聚糖纺丝液才更符合高品质纯壳聚糖纤维的纺丝要求。
从虾蟹壳提取片状壳聚糖的过程中，其组织中会产生大量的间隙，这些间隙会有空气充盈；另外，片状壳聚糖原料是2片或多片的叠合而成，其间隙间也存有大量气体，这些气体在片状壳聚糖溶解的过程中，粘结在壳聚糖溶液内部，极难脱出；同时，壳聚糖溶液在搅拌溶解、过滤、输送的过程中也会产生大量气泡，这些气泡直至输送到脱泡釜内。
湿法纺丝时，纺丝液以高压从喷丝板挤出进入凝固浴液，若带有气泡进入凝固浴液，气泡在浴液中冒出，导致断丝。因此纺丝前必须对其进行脱泡处理。由于纯壳聚糖纺丝液的黏度大于450000mpa·s，是黏胶纤维纺丝液黏度的近十倍，按现有的常规脱泡方式生产效率极低，难以实现工业化生产。
技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种脱泡效率高、脱泡效果好的工业化脱泡装置，所述脱泡装置适用纺丝液的黏度范围广。
 技术解决方案
本发明所采用的技术方案是 ：
一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，包括脱泡釜、搅拌装置，所述脱泡釜上封头设有进料口、真空抽气口，下封头底部中心位置设有出液口，所述搅拌装置包括搅拌轴和搅拌动力装置；所述搅拌轴由上搅拌轴和带有螺旋浆的下搅拌轴固定连接组成；所述上搅拌轴的上端与搅拌动力装置的减速机输出轴固定连接，穿过机械密封装置，伸入脱泡釜内，下搅拌轴下端安装在底部支架上，所述底部支架固定安装在脱泡釜内壁底部中心位置；所述脱泡釜轴心位置固定设有内筒体，所述内筒体的上端部筒体口封闭，下端部筒体口开放；所述内筒体上半部的外壁上固定设有上支撑杆，上支撑杆上面固定设置伞状散流板，所述伞状散流板的外边缘与脱泡釜的内壁之间有间隙，内边缘与内筒体的外壁之间无间隙；所述内筒体的筒体壁在伞状散流板上面的部分布满出液小孔；所述螺旋浆与所述内筒体的内壁之间有间隙。
所述脱泡釜釜体内上方固定设有环状进料管道，所述环状进料管道与进料口连通，所述环状进料管道水平中心面以下部分布满出料小孔。
所述上支撑杆与内筒体的轴线夹角 a ＝ 65°～ 80°。
所述内筒体的上端部筒体口用布满出液小孔的圆板封闭。
所述搅拌动力装置减速机输出轴的轴心线、搅拌轴的轴心线、内筒体的轴心线、机械密封装置的中心线、出液口的中心线在一条直线上。
所述脱泡釜的下封头设有取样口。
所述环状进料管道是通过固定在脱泡釜内壁伞状散流板上方的托架而固定，所述内筒体是通过上支撑杆和下支撑杆固定。
所述脱泡釜内设限位器；所述脱泡釜上封头设有破坏真空进气口、真空表和电接点压力表、观察口、人孔、压缩空气放气口和安全阀、视镜灯、进水口、压缩空气进气口。
所述的脱泡釜由上封头、筒体和下封头焊接组成，所述上封头、下封头都为椭圆形封头。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是 ：
1、从本发明的结构上看：
a、由于脱泡釜釜体内上方设有环状进料管道，所述环状进料管道与进料口连通且底部设有多个出料小孔，以高压动力将高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液通过进料口输送至环状进料管道，再由出料小孔挤出，在重力的作用下滴流至伞状散流板上, 由于小孔直径仅有1mm-5mm，纺丝液从出料小孔挤出分离时，出料小孔起到剪切作用，在脱泡釜内压力500pa --5000pa的作用下，气泡快速脱出，完成高压分离剪切的第一次脱泡效果。
b、实现第一次脱泡的纯壳聚糖纺丝液滴流在伞状散流板上，在重力及具有α倾角的伞状散流板的共同作用下，从伞状散流板内边缘向伞状散流板外边缘流动，流动的过程中，起到了摊薄纺丝液的作用，纺丝液界面层不断发生变化,增大了脱泡面积，在脱泡釜内压力500pa --5000pa作用下，气泡快速脱出；流至伞状散流板外边缘的纺丝液，在重力的作用下滴流，伞状散流板外边缘对纺丝液起到剪切作用，纺丝液界面层发生变化，在脱泡釜内压力500pa --5000pa作用下，气泡快速脱出，完成摊膜、剪切的第二次脱泡效果。
c、本发明所述的脱泡釜内设有内筒体和带有螺旋浆的下搅拌轴，以及所述内筒体壁在伞状散流板上面的部分和内筒体上端部密封盖上布满出液小孔的特殊结构，实现第二次脱泡过程的纯壳聚糖纺丝液经过螺旋浆搅拌提升，从釜体底部提升至内筒体的上部，那么，这些纯壳聚糖纺丝液只能通过直径为1mm-5mm的出液小孔挤出，实现上述a的脱泡效果；当纺丝液滴流到伞状散流板上面至釜体底部的过程中，实现上述b的脱泡效果，完成这一搅拌提升装置的一个流程就实现了上述a和上述b两个脱泡效果。特别是避免了常规脱泡法在脱泡釜底部的纺丝液难以脱泡的弊病。此装置连续运行，实现高效率、高质量脱泡。
2、从脱泡的实际效果来看：在同容积、同截面积的脱泡釜内用本发明，6吨黏度为 450000 mpa ·s 的纯壳聚糖纺丝液6.5小时--8小时内能完全脱泡，用常规真空脱泡技术，6吨黏度为 450000 mpa ·s 的纯壳聚糖纺丝液40小时--50小时能完全脱泡，可见，本发明能提高脱泡效率约5-7倍。
3、众所周知，纯壳聚糖纺丝液的黏度在550000 mpa ·s 的范围内，黏度越高，由其制备成的纯壳聚糖纤维干断裂强度越高，干断裂伸长率越大，可纺性越好。纯壳聚糖纺丝液会随着时间的延长发生降解，黏度降低，本发明的装置使得脱泡时间大大缩短，纺丝液黏度变化不大，快速制备出高品质的纺丝液。
由此可见，本发明不但实现了纯壳聚糖纺丝液高效率、高质量脱泡，还保证了高质量纯壳聚糖纤维的工业化生产。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的俯视图；
说明书中数字说明：
脱泡釜---1，上搅拌轴---2，进料口--- 3，出液口---4，真空抽气口---5，底部支架---6 ，环状进料管道---7，出料小孔---8，内筒体---9，伞状散流板---10，出液小孔---11，下支撑杆---12，动力支座 ---13，带有螺旋桨的下搅拌轴---14，破坏真空进气口----15，机械密封装置---16，真空表和电接点压力表---17，取样口---18，限位器---19，托架---20，观察口 ---21，上支撑杆---22， 人孔---23，压缩空气放气口和安全阀----24，压缩空气进气口—25，视镜灯---26，进水口---27。
 本发明的实施方式
为了把本专利说明清楚，现结合附图的图1、2，具体说明如下：
一种高黏度壳聚糖纺丝液脱泡装置，包括脱泡釜1、搅拌装置，所述的反应釜1由上封头、筒体和下封头焊接组成，所述上封头、下封头都为椭圆形封头，可根据承压的大小、容积大小等因素来确定上封头、筒体和下封头材料的规格型号。
脱泡釜1的上封头上设有进料口3、真空抽气口5和破坏真空进气口15，所述破坏真空进气口15的作用是：当釜内纺丝液脱泡完成后，破坏脱泡釜1内真空，变成常压，便于输出纺丝液。
脱泡釜1的上封头设有进水口27，便于对脱泡釜1进行清洗，所述脱泡釜1上封头还设有真空表和电接点压力表17、观察口21、人孔23、压缩空气放气口和安全阀24、视镜灯26、压缩空气进气口25。
脱泡釜1下封头底部中心位置设有出液口4， 出液口 4 通过三通与纺丝液出口和废水出口连接，纺丝液出口连接在三通的水平一端；废水出口连接在三通向下垂直的一端，所述废水出口是用于排放清洗脱泡釜 1 的废水 ；下封头还设有取样口18，便于了解纺丝液脱泡的情况。
所述脱泡釜1内还可以设限位器19，便于控制脱泡釜1内纺丝液的容量情况。
所述环状进料管道7是与进料口3连通，通过固定在脱泡釜1内壁伞状散流板10上方的托架20而固定，其水平中心面以下部分的管壁上均匀布满直径为1mm～ 5mm的出料小孔8。
内筒体9是通过固定在脱泡釜1内壁的上支撑杆22上和下支撑杆12而固定在脱泡釜1内的轴心线位置。所述内筒体9的上端部筒体口用布满直径为 1mm～ 5mm 的出液小孔11的圆板封闭，其目的是既阻止螺旋浆14提升上来的纺丝液从上端部筒体口直接流出，又能让纺丝液从上端部筒体口圆板上的出液小孔11挤出，流到伞状散流板上，气泡脱出，起到脱泡作用；另外，由于纺丝液的快速提升及内筒体上端部筒体口带有出液小孔11的封闭圆板的阻力，对上部筒体的侧壁产生一个较大的压力，纺丝液也会从上部筒体侧壁出液小孔11挤出，流到伞状散流板上，气泡脱出，从而达到脱泡的效果。
所述伞状散流板10固定在上支撑杆22上，为维修方便，部分伞状散流板10可以采用螺栓固定在上支撑杆22上，伞状散流板10将内筒体9分成上部和下部两部分；所述环状散流板10与内筒体9的轴线夹角 a 在 65° ～ 80° 所述环状散流板10的外边缘与脱泡釜1的釜内壁之间有的间隙，间隙一般大于 5cm； 所述环状散流板10的内边缘与内筒体9的外壁之间无间隙；所述伞状散流板10经过抛光处理。
所述搅拌轴由上搅拌轴2和带有螺旋浆的下搅拌轴14固定连接组成，上搅拌轴2的下端和带有螺旋桨的下搅拌轴14的上端都焊接有加强筋的法兰，通过螺栓将两者固定连接，这样做既是装配脱泡釜的需要，也是维修本装置的需要；底部支架6内固定设有耐磨的聚四氟乙烯材料的轴套，下搅拌轴的下端直接套装在底部支架6的轴套内，底部支架6的作用就是支撑固定搅拌轴；所述搅拌动力装置包括动力支座13、电机工作台、电机及配套的减速机；所述动力支座13下端固定安装在脱泡釜1的上封头外壁中心位置上，内部固定安装着带座轴承，其作用是稳定搅拌轴；所述电机工作台通过螺栓固定在动力支座13上端面的中心位置，其作用是作为一个平台来固定电机及配套的减速机；减速机的输出轴与上搅拌轴2的上端用联轴器固定连接。
所述机械密封装置16固定安装在脱泡釜1的上封头中心位置上，用于密封脱泡釜1和上搅拌轴2之间的间隙；所述的带有螺旋桨的下搅拌轴14就是将螺旋浆焊接在下搅拌轴上，螺旋浆的高度小于内筒体9的高度 75mm---120mm， 螺旋浆的外边缘与内筒体9的内筒壁之间有的间隙，间隙的大小可根据纺丝液的黏度大小、提升速度等因素来决定。
本发明不但实现了纯壳聚糖纺丝液高效率、高质量脱泡，还保证了高质量纯壳聚糖纤维的工业化生产。
上述实施例和附图为非限制性的描述，旨在说明本发明结构原理，应该理解，在不偏离本发明实质精神的条件下对本发明装置所做的任何等同或相似的替代、变型或修改都包括在本发明权利要求书的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

  1. 1、一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，包括脱泡釜(1)、搅拌装置，所述脱泡釜(1)上封头设有进料口 (3)、真空抽气口（5），下封头底部中心位置设有出液口(4)，所述搅拌装置包括搅拌轴和搅拌动力装置；所述搅拌轴由上搅拌轴（2）和带有螺旋浆的下搅拌轴（14）固定连接组成；所述上搅拌轴（2）的上端与搅拌动力装置的减速机输出轴固定连接，穿过机械密封装置（16），伸入脱泡釜(1)内，下搅拌轴下端安装在底部支架（6）上，所述底部支架（6）固定安装在脱泡釜(1)内壁底部中心位置；所述脱泡釜(1)轴心位置固定设有内筒体（9），所述内筒体（9）的上端部筒体口封闭，下端部筒体口开放；所述内筒体（9）上半部的外壁上固定设有上支撑杆（22），上支撑杆（22）上面固定设置伞状散流板（10），所述伞状散流板（10）的外边缘与脱泡釜(1)的内壁之间有间隙，内边缘与内筒体9的外壁之间无间隙；所述内筒体（9）的筒体壁在伞状散流板（10）上面的部分布满出液小孔（11）；所述螺旋浆与所述内筒体（9）的内壁之间有间隙。
    2、如权利要求1所述的一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，其特征在于，所述脱泡釜(1)釜体内上方固定设有环状进料管道(7)，所述环状进料管道(7)与进料口（3）连通，所述环状进料管道(7)水平中心面以下部分布满出料小孔（8）。
    3、如权利要求1或2所述的一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，其特征在于，所述上支撑杆（22）与内筒体（9）的轴线夹角 a 在65°～ 80°之间。
    4、如权利要求1或2所述的一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，其特征在于，所述内筒体（9）的上端部筒体口用布满出液小孔（11）的圆板封闭。
    5、如权利要求3所述的一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，其特征在于，所述内筒体（9）的上端部筒体口用布满出液小孔（11）的圆板封闭。
    6、如权利要求5所述的一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，其特征在于：所述搅拌动力装置减速机输出轴的轴心线、搅拌轴的轴心线、内筒体（9）的轴心线、机械密封装置（16）的中心线、出液口（4）的中心线在一条直线上。
    7、如权利要求6所述的一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，其特征在于 ：所述脱泡釜(1) 的下封头设有取样口 (18)。
    8、如权利要求7所述的一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置，其特征在于 ：所述环状进料管道(7)是通过固定在脱泡釜(1)内壁伞状散流板（10）上方的托架（20）而固定，所述内筒体（9）是通过上支撑杆（22）和下支撑杆（ 12 ）固定。
    9、如权利要求8所述的一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置 ，其特征在于 ：所述脱泡釜(1)内设限位器（19）；所述脱泡釜(1)上封头设有破坏真空进气口（15）、真空表和电接点压力表(17)、观察口 （21）、人孔（23）、压缩空气放气口和安全阀（24）、视镜灯（26）、进水口（27）、压缩空气进气口（25）。
    10、如权利要求9所述一种高黏度纯壳聚糖纺丝液的工业化脱泡装置 ，其特征在于 ：所述的脱泡釜(1)由上封头、筒体和下封头焊接组成，所述上封头、下封头都为椭圆形封头。
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