WO2015024450A1 - Lhrh拮抗剂衍生物及其药物用途 - Google Patents

Lhrh拮抗剂衍生物及其药物用途 Download PDF

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WO2015024450A1
WO2015024450A1 PCT/CN2014/083865 CN2014083865W WO2015024450A1 WO 2015024450 A1 WO2015024450 A1 WO 2015024450A1 CN 2014083865 W CN2014083865 W CN 2014083865W WO 2015024450 A1 WO2015024450 A1 WO 2015024450A1
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aph
cancer
cpa
stereoisomer
cbm
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French (fr)
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刘克良
周宁
高星
周文霞
程军平
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中国人民解放军军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所
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Publication of WO2015024450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015024450A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/23Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH]; Related peptides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/08Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the prostate
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/08Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/18Feminine contraceptives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/02Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the hypothalamic hormones, e.g. TRH, GnRH, CRH, GRH, somatostatin
    • A61P5/04Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the hypothalamic hormones, e.g. TRH, GnRH, CRH, GRH, somatostatin for decreasing, blocking or antagonising the activity of the hypothalamic hormones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/06Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the anterior pituitary hormones, e.g. TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • A61P5/28Antiandrogens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • A61P5/32Antioestrogens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • A61P5/36Antigestagens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a decapeptide derivative having LHRH receptor antagonistic activity
  • the present invention also relates to a process for preparing the decapeptide derivative, a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and a medicament thereof for preparing a drug having an action of inhibiting pituitary secretion of gonadotropin
  • LHRH Lotinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone
  • LH luteinizing hormone
  • FSH follicle stimulating hormone
  • LHRH consists of ten amino acid residues and the C-terminus contains an amide structure.
  • the primary structure of LHRH is as follows: p-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH 2
  • LHRH antagonists can inhibit the release of LH by blocking the action of LHRH, and thus can be used for the treatment of sex hormone-related diseases such as prostate cancer.
  • LHRH antagonists Compared with agonists, LHRH antagonists have the advantages of rapid effect, no overshoot, rapid recovery after drug withdrawal, and strong controllability of serum androgen levels. It is expected that LHRH antagonists are superior to agonists in the treatment of prostate cancer, are more acceptable to patients, and have greater application prospects than agonists.
  • LHRH antagonists Although there are many LHRH antagonists currently developed, as a peptide drug, most of them still have shortcomings such as low bioavailability, short half-life in vivo, and high histamine release, which limits the clinical application of LHRH antagonists. Applications. Individual literature reports that high concentrations of LHRH antagonists can aggregate themselves when injected subcutaneously to form amyloid fibrillar aggregates, and polypeptide molecules can be slowly released from the ends of aggregates, thus having a sustained release effect (Maji, S ⁇ , D. Schubert, et al. "Amyloid as a depot for the Formulation of long-acting drugs.” PLoS Biology, 2008, 6(2): 240-252.
  • This aggregate is a stable reservoir containing only peptide drugs with a highly ordered tissue structure.
  • LHRH antagonism The common structure of the agents found that they mostly have a hydrophobic N-terminus and a hydrophobic C-terminus, and a hydrophilic intermediate zone (3 to 6 in the middle). This structure can form two structures based on the secondary structure by ⁇ -sheet folding. (Struthem, RS; Tanaka, G.; Koerber, S. C; Solmajer, ⁇ ; Baniak, EL; Gierasch. L. ⁇ ; Vale, W.; Rivier, J.; Hagler, AT Design of Biologically Active,
  • Conformationally Constrained GnRH Antagonists, proteins Structure, Function Genet. 1990, 8, 295-304.
  • the amphipathic nature of this secondary structure may be the molecular basis for the self-assembly of such polypeptides.
  • LHRH antagonists and receptors are bound in the form of hairpins, 7 is not a key site for binding to the receptor, and 7 is located at the junction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to use amino acids with different structures. Replacing the 7-position amino acid of LHRH antagonist, while maintaining the original activity, by changing the length and steric hindrance of the peptide chain, the aggregation form and release rate of the aggregate can be adjusted to achieve different degrees of sustained release effect, and a new long-acting LHRH is obtained. Antagonist analogs. Summary of the invention
  • the inventors have made unremitting efforts and a large number of experimental studies, and surprisingly found that the compound of the formula (I) or a stereoisomer thereof or a physiologically toxic salt thereof not only has good LHRH antagonistic activity, but also The invention can be self-assembled into aggregates of different forms in vitro, and thus has a long in vivo action time, and can achieve a sustained release effect, thereby completing the present invention.
  • the first aspect of the invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a stereoisomer thereof or a non-physiologically acceptable salt thereof, RD-Nal-D-Cpa-D-Pal-Ser-Aph(Hor)-D-Aph(Cbm)-Aaa -Ilys-Pro-
  • R is Ac, Cbm or R 1 ;
  • n can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
  • Aaa 7 is Thr, Phe, Met, He, Val, Tyr, Nle, Nleu, ⁇ -Leu, Acc 3 , Acc 5 , Acc 6 , Clpa, Mle, Cpa or the following structure:
  • X is d- 6 alkyl, d- 6 alkoxy, d- 6 alkyl acyl or halogen;
  • Aaa 10 is D-Ala, D-Val, Sar or Ca- Me-Ala.
  • R is Ac or Cbm.
  • Aaa 7 is Thr, He, Nle, Nleu, ⁇ -Leu, Acc 3 , Acc 5 or Acc 6
  • Aaa 1() is D-Ala.
  • the compound or a stereoisomer thereof or a physiologically toxic salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the compound of the invention is selected from the group consisting of compounds (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), ( 11).
  • the compound of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of compounds (1), (2), (4), (7), (10), (11).
  • the numbers of (1) to (19) represent the numbers of the compounds.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing a compound according to any one of the first aspects of the present invention, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a physiologically toxic salt thereof, which comprises using a solid phase synthesis method, using MBHA resin as a carrier, Boc- or The Fmoc-protection strategy, DIC/HOBT or HBTU/DIEA is a condensation reagent, HC1/dioxane or piperidine/DMF is a deprotection reagent, and the decapeptide derivative is cleaved from the MBHA resin in liquid HF after the reaction.
  • the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound according to any one of the first aspects of the invention, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a physiologically toxic salt thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or form Agent.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a compound according to any one of the first aspects of the invention, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a physiologically toxic salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a sex hormone related disease or for contraception.
  • the sex hormone related diseases include sex hormone related cancer, adolescent precocious puberty, benign prostatic hyperplasia, endometriosis, irregular menstruation (such as amenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding or ovulation disorder) or infertility.
  • the sex hormone related cancer includes prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, breast cancer or ovarian cancer and the like.
  • the medicament is a sustained release formulation.
  • the present invention also relates to a compound of any one of the first aspects of the present invention, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a physiologically toxic salt thereof, for use in the preparation of a pituitary secreting gonadotropin (e.g., LH and/or FSH) and/or Inhibits glandular secretion hormones (eg estrogen, progesterone and/or The use of testosterone in medicines.
  • a pituitary secreting gonadotropin e.g., LH and/or FSH
  • glandular secretion hormones eg estrogen, progesterone and/or The use of testosterone in medicines.
  • the medicament is a sustained release formulation.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of preventing or treating a sex hormone related disease or contraception, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of the first aspect of the invention, or a stereoisomer thereof, or The step of a physiologically toxic salt.
  • the sex hormone related diseases include sex hormone related cancer, adolescent precocious puberty, benign prostatic hyperplasia, endometriosis, irregular menstruation (such as amenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding or ovulation disorder) or infertility.
  • the sex hormone related cancer includes prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, breast cancer or ovarian cancer and the like.
  • the invention further relates to a method of inhibiting secretion of a gonadotropin (e.g., LH and/or FSH) from the pituitary gland and/or inhibiting a hormone secreting hormone (e.g., estrogen, progestin, and/or testosterone), the method comprising: A method for preventing or treating an effective amount of a compound of any one of the first aspects of the invention, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a physiologically toxic salt thereof.
  • a gonadotropin e.g., LH and/or FSH
  • a hormone secreting hormone e.g., estrogen, progestin, and/or testosterone
  • stereoisomer is used to mean its corresponding D- or L-stereo configuration.
  • the d- 6 alkyl group means a straight-chain and branched saturated hydrocarbon group containing a specified number of carbon atoms, and is usually, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, or a secondary group. Butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl and the like.
  • alkyl also encompasses cycloalkyl, i.e., a cyclic C 3 -C 6 hydrocarbon group, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • cycloalkyl i.e., a cyclic C 3 -C 6 hydrocarbon group, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • alkyl refers to both straight and branched chain alkyl groups including the specified number of carbon atoms.
  • the d- 6 alkoxy group means a d- 6 alkyl-0- group, wherein the -6 alkyl group is a d- 6 alkyl group as described herein.
  • alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy and heptyloxy.
  • the alkyl acyl group means d- 6 alkyl-CO-, wherein the Ci- 6 alkyl group is as described herein.
  • the halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • the compound and its stereoisomer and its non-physiologically toxic salt not only have good LHRH antagonistic activity, but also self-assemble into aggregates of different forms in vitro, and thus have a long in vivo action time, A sustained release effect can be achieved for the preparation of a sustained release preparation.
  • the compounds of the invention may be used as hormonal agents in animals, preferably in mammals, especially humans.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention and/or a stereoisomer thereof or a non-physiologically toxic salt thereof, together with a conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient” herein includes any or all of a solvent, a dispersion medium, a coating, an antibacterial or antifungal agent, an isotonic and sustained release agent, and a similar physiologically compatible preparation suitable for intravenous injection. , intramuscular, subcutaneous, or other modes of administration, such as oral administration.
  • the active compound may be coated to protect the compound from the effects of acid or other natural conditions, depending on the mode of administration.
  • physiologically intoxicating salt means a salt or a combination thereof which retains the expected physiological activity of the parent compound without causing any unexpected toxic side effects.
  • physiologically intoxicating salt means a salt or a combination thereof which retains the expected physiological activity of the parent compound without causing any unexpected toxic side effects.
  • the cation according to the salt may be: an inorganic salt such as a potassium salt, a lithium salt, a zinc salt, a copper salt, a cerium salt, a cerium salt or a calcium salt, or an organic salt such as a trialkylammonium salt.
  • an inorganic salt such as a potassium salt, a lithium salt, a zinc salt, a copper salt, a cerium salt, a cerium salt or a calcium salt
  • an organic salt such as a trialkylammonium salt.
  • the compound of the present invention, and its stereoisomer, non-physiological salt or pharmaceutical composition containing the same may be administered in any manner known per se, such as oral, muscle, subcutaneous, etc., for administration of a pharmaceutical form such as a tablet or a capsule.
  • a pharmaceutical form such as a tablet or a capsule.
  • buccal tablets, chewable tablets, tinctures, suspensions, transdermal agents, micro-emulsions, implants, syrups, and the like It may be a general preparation, a sustained release preparation, a controlled release preparation, and various microparticle delivery systems.
  • various biodegradable or biocompatible carriers well known in the art can be widely used.
  • the dose of the compound of the present invention or a stereoisomer thereof or a non-physiologically toxic salt thereof depends on many factors such as the nature and severity of the disease to be prevented or treated, the sex, age, weight, sensitivity of the patient or animal. And the individual reaction, the specific compound used, the route of administration, the number of administrations, and the desired therapeutic effect.
  • the above dosages may be administered in a single dosage form or divided into several, for example two, three, four dosage forms.
  • the single maximum dose will generally not exceed 30 mg/kg body weight, for example 0.001-30 mg/kg, preferably 0.01-5 mg/kg, and the preferred dose range is 0.5-2 mg/kg body weight. However, in some cases it is also possible to use a single dose of 30 mg/kg or more or 0.001 mg/kg or less.
  • the abbreviations used in the present invention have the following meanings:
  • the above amino acid containing a chiral center is D or L type.
  • Lg MBHA resin (0.96mmol) as solid phase carrier, BOP/DIEA as condensing agent, according to the amino acid sequence of the compound, according to the standard Boc solid phase peptide synthesis method (Reference: Huang Weide, Chen Changqing, Peptide Synthesis, Science Press , 1985), firstly synthesized Leu 7 -Ilys ( Cbz ) 8 -Pro 9 -D-Ala 10 -MBHA resin.
  • Example 2 suppression of testosterone in rats and the role of histamine release EC 5.
  • the effect of inhibiting testosterone in experimental rats was tested: Before the experiment, the body weight of the animals was weighed, and the blood was collected from the posterior venous plexus of the glass capillary. The serum was separated and the serum testosterone content was determined by chemiluminescence method. The testosterone content and body weight were randomly divided into groups of 4 animals. After the subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg of the test compound, 8, 16, and 24 hours, the blood was collected from the posterior venous plexus, centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 8 min, and the separated serum was chemiluminescence (Beckman Coulter Access Immunoassay System Chemiluminescence) Instrument) Determination of serum testosterone content.
  • chemiluminescence Beckman Coulter Access Immunoassay System Chemiluminescence
  • Assay method Compounds were mixed with PBS buffer to prepare 2.0 / mL, 20.0 g / mL, 200 / mL mother liquor for use. Five SD male rats were sacrificed by intraperitoneal injection of cold PBS, and the peritoneal fluid was aspirated and centrifuged at a low temperature. After repeated washing, the cells were combined and precipitated. Add a suitable amount of PBS to make a single cell suspension, and dilute the leukocyte dilution to obtain a part (about 2xl0).
  • the results of serum testosterone determination showed that the LHRH antagonist of the present invention can maintain the activity of the original antagonist after modifying the 7-position with different amino acids, and effectively reduce the serum testosterone content (the meaning of the testosterone content reduction: with the blank group rats) Compared with the testosterone content in rats before administration, there was a statistically significant decrease.
  • the compound of the present invention is dissolved in 1 ml, 5% mannitol, 0.01% aqueous sodium azide solution, and is placed in a 1 mg/ml solution, incubated at room temperature for 4 hours, and diluted with 5 to 50 ⁇ . Configured to 50 ⁇ , dropped on a copper mesh of carbon support film, precipitated for 5 min, 2% The phosphotungstic acid was stained for 1 min by HITACH transmission electron microscopy, and the image was magnified 70000 ⁇ 80000. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the compound of the present invention formed amyloid fibers or blister-like aggregates, as shown in FIG. Example 4: Aggregate Dialysis Experiment
  • Fluorescence Spectrophotometer The excitation light is at 280 nm, the emission is from 290 nm to 500 nm, the excitation slit is 5 nm, and the emission slit is 10 nm.
  • the release of each compound was determined as described above, as shown in Table 3.
  • the release rate of the compound was found to be related to the steric hindrance of the 7-position base acid.
  • the greater the 7-position steric hindrance the faster the release rate of the aggregate. Therefore, the aggregate of the compound of the present invention can regulate the aggregation morphology and the rate of depolymerization by changing the structure of the amino acid at position 7, thereby achieving different degrees of sustained release.
  • Degarelix 111 372 554 is a commercial gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) blocker for prostate cancer treatment.
  • GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone

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Abstract

本发明提供了具有LHRH受体拮抗活性的十肽衍生物:R-D-Nal-D-Cpa-D-Pal-Ser-Aph(Hor)-D-Aph(Cbm)-Aaa7-Ilys-Pro-Aaa10-NH2,本发明还提供了所述化合物的制备方法、药物组合物、及其在制备具有抑制垂体分泌促性腺激素作用的药物、抑制性腺分泌甾类激素作用的药物及治疗前列腺癌、子宫内膜癌、与生殖有关的性激素依赖相关疾病、避孕等药物中的用途。

Description

LHRH拮抗剂衍生物及其药物用途 技术领域
本发明涉及具有 LHRH受体拮抗活性的十肽衍生物,本发明还涉 及所述十肽衍生物的制备方法, 含它们的药物组合物, 以及它们在制 备具有抑制垂体分泌促性腺激素作用的药物、 抑制性腺分泌 类激素 作用的药物及治疗前列腺癌、 子宫内膜癌、 与生殖有关的性激素依赖 相关疾病、 避孕等药物中的用途, 以及治疗上述疾病的方法。 背景技术
LHRH(促黄体生成素释放激素)是由下丘脑分泌的肽激素之一, 它的主要作用是促进垂体合成并释放黄体生成素( LH )和卵泡刺激素 ( FSH ) , 激发青春期发育和调节生殖、 生育及性激素相关过程。
LHRH由十个氨基酸残基组成, C -端含有酰胺结构。 LHRH的一级 结构如下: p-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2
LHRH拮抗剂通过阻断 LHRH作用进而抑制 LH的释放,因此可 以用于性激素相关疾病如前列腺癌等症的治疗。与激动剂相比, LHRH 拮抗剂具有显效速度快、 无上冲现象、 停药后恢复快、 对血清雄激素 水平可控性强等优点。 可以预料, LHRH拮抗剂治疗前列腺癌的疗效 优于激动剂, 更易被患者所接受, 比激动剂具有更大的应用前景。
目前所发展的 LHRH拮抗剂虽然已有很多, 但作为一种肽类药物, 大多数仍然存在生物利用度低, 体内半衰期短, 组胺释放量高等不足 之处, 限制了 LHRH拮抗剂在临床上的应用。 个别文献报道, 高浓度 的 LHRH拮抗剂在皮下注射给药时自身可以发生聚集, 形成淀粉样纤 维状聚集体, 而多肽分子能够从聚集体末端緩慢释放, 从而具有緩释 的效果 ( Maji, S. Κ·, D. Schubert, et al. "Amyloid as a depot for the formulation of long-acting drugs." PLoS Biology, 2008, 6(2) :240-252 )。 这种聚集体是一个只包含多肽药物的稳定储库, 具有高度有序的组织 结构。 通过分析 LHRH拮抗剂的共同结构发现, 它们大多具有一个疏 水的 N端和一个疏水的 C端,以及一个亲水的中间区域(中间 3〜6位), 这种结构可通过 β折叠形成基于二级结构的两亲性。 ( Struthem,R. S.; Tanaka, G.; Koerber, S. C; Solmajer, Τ·; Baniak,E. L.; Gierasch. L. Μ·; Vale, W.; Rivier, J.; Hagler, A. T. Design ofBiologically Active,
conformationally Constrained GnRH Antagonists, proteins: Structure, Function Genet. 1990,8, 295-304. ) 。 这种二级结构的两亲性可能是该类 多肽能够自组装的分子基础。
LHRH拮抗剂与受体是以发卡形式结合的, 7位不是与受体结合 的关键位点, 而 7位正好位于亲水和疏水的交界处, 因此, 本发明的 目的就是用不同结构的氨基酸替换 LHRH拮抗剂 7位氨基酸,在保持 原有活性的同时, 通过改变肽链长度和空间位阻, 达到调节聚集体聚 集形态和释放速度, 从而达到不同程度的緩释效果, 得到新型长效 LHRH拮抗剂类似物。 发明内容
本发明人经过不懈的努力和大量的实验研究, 令人惊奇地发现, 式(I )所示化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐, 不仅具有良 好的 LHRH拮抗活性, 而且在体外可自组装成不同形态的聚集体, 因 此具有较长的体内作用时间, 可以达到緩释的效果, 由此完成了本发 明。
R-D-Nal-D-Cpa-D-Pal-Ser-Aph(Hor)-D-Aph(Cbm)-Aaa7-Ilys-Pro- Aaa10-NH2
式(I ) 本发明第一方面涉及式(I ) 所示的化合物, 或其立体异构体或其 无生理毒性的盐, R-D-Nal-D-Cpa-D-Pal-Ser-Aph(Hor)-D-Aph(Cbm)-Aaa -Ilys-Pro-
Aaa -NH
式(I )
其中, R为 Ac、 Cbm或 R1 ;
其中 为一 CO ( CH2 ) nCH3;
n可以为 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5或 6;
Aaa7为 Thr, Phe, Met, He, Val, Tyr, Nle, Nleu, β-Leu, Acc3, Acc5, Acc6, Clpa, Mle, Cpa或以下结构:
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中 X为 d_6烷基, d_6烷氧基, d_6烷基酰基或卤素; 。
Aaa10为 D-Ala, D-Val, Sar或 Ca-Me-Ala。
在本发明的实施方案中, R为 Ac或 Cbm。
在本发明的实施方案中, Aaa7为 Thr, He, Nle, Nleu, β-Leu, Acc3, Acc5或 Acc6
在本发明的实施方案中, Aaa1()为 D-Ala。
在本发明的具体实施方案中, 所述化合物或其立体异构体或其无 生理毒性的盐, 其选自以下化合物:
(l)Ac-D-Nal1-D-Cpa2-D-Pal3-Ser4-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm )
6-Ile7-Ilys8-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2
( 2 ) Ac-D-Nal^D-Cpa^D-Pal^SeZ-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm )
6-Var-Ilys8-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2
( 3 ) Ac-D-Nal】-D-Cpa2-D-Pal3-Ser4-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm ) 6-Nle7-Ilys8-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2
( 4 ) Ac-D-Nal】-D-Cpa2-D-Pal3-Ser4-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm ) 6-(Acc6)7-Ilys8-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2
( 5 ) Ac-D-Nal^D-Cpa^D-Pal^SeZ-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm ) 3/: O S90s1£ osoiAV
Figure imgf000005_0001
¾〕v-
(( ) s 〕vq s-
( 〕vq s- 优选地, 本发明化合物选自化合物(1)、 (2) 、 (3) 、 (4) 、 (5) 、 (6) 、 (7) 、 (8) 、 (9) 、 (10) 、 (11) 。
更优选地, 本发明化合物选自化合物(1)、 (2)、 (4)、 (7)、 (10) 、 (11) 。
在本发明中, (1) ~ (19) 的编号即代表化合物的编号。 本发明还涉及本发明第一方面任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构 体或其无生理毒性的盐的制备方法, 其包括采用固相合成方法, 以 MBHA 树脂为载体, Boc-或 Fmoc-保护策略, DIC/HOBT 或 HBTU/DIEA为缩合试剂, HC1/二氧六环或哌啶 /DMF为脱保护试剂, 反应完后以液体 HF将十肽衍生物从 MBHA树脂上切割下来。 本发明还涉及药物组合物,其含有至少一种本发明第一方面任一项 所述的化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐, 以及任选的可药 用载体或赋形剂。 本发明还涉及本发明第一方面任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构 体或其无生理毒性的盐在制备用于预防或治疗性激素相关疾病或用于 避孕的药物中的用途。
在本发明中, 所述性激素相关疾病包括性激素相关癌症、青春期性 早熟、 前列腺增生、 子宫内膜异位、 月经不调 (如闭经、 功能失调性 子宫出血或排卵障碍) 或不孕症等。
在本发明中, 所述性激素相关癌症包括前列腺癌、 子宫内膜癌、 乳 腺癌或卵巢癌等。
在本发明的实施方案中, 所述药物为緩释制剂。 本发明还涉及本发明第一方面任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构 体或其无生理毒性的盐在制备用于抑制垂体分泌促性腺激素(例如 LH 和 /或 FSH) 和 /或抑制性腺分泌 类激素 (例如雌激素、 孕激素和 /或 睾酮) 的药物中的用途。
在本发明的实施方案中, 所述药物为緩释制剂。 本发明还涉及预防或治疗性激素相关疾病或避孕的方法,所述方法 包括给有需要的受试者预防或治疗有效量的本发明第一方面任一项的 化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐的步骤。
在本发明中, 所述性激素相关疾病包括性激素相关癌症、青春期性 早熟、 前列腺增生、 子宫内膜异位、 月经不调 (如闭经、 功能失调性 子宫出血或排卵障碍) 或不孕症等。
在本发明中, 所述性激素相关癌症包括前列腺癌、 子宫内膜癌、 乳 腺癌或卵巢癌等。 本发明还涉及抑制垂体分泌促性腺激素(例如 LH和 /或 FSH )和 / 或抑制性腺分泌 类激素 (例如雌激素、 孕激素和 /或睾酮) 的方法, 所述方法包括给有需要的受试者预防或治疗有效量的本发明第一方面 任一项的化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐的步骤。 除非另有说明, 在本申请中使用的术语具有以下含义。
在本发明中, 所有氨基酸构型除注明为 D-型外, 均为 L-型。
在本发明中,所用术语"立体异构体"是指其相应的 D-或 L-立体构 型。
在本发明中,所述 d_6烷基是指包含指定数目碳原子的直链和支链 的饱和烃基, 通常例如是甲基、 乙基, 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 仲丁 基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 3-戊基、 己基等。 术语"烷基"也包括环烷基, 即 环状 C3-C6烃基, 如环丙基、 环丁基、 环戊基和环己基。 优选地, 本文 所用的术语"烷基"是指包括指定数目碳原子的直链和支链的链状烷基。
在本发明中, 所述 d_6烷氧基是指 d_6烷基 -0-基团, 其中所述的 _6烷基为本文所述的 d_6烷基。 烷氧基实例包括甲氧基、 乙氧基、 正 丙氧基、 异丙氧基、 正丁氧基和庚氧基。 在本发明中, 所述 烷基酰基是指 d_6烷基 -CO-, 其中所述的 Ci_6烷基如本文所述。
在本发明中, 所述卤素为氟、 氯、 溴或碘。 根据本发明, 所述化合物及其立体异构体和其无生理毒性的盐不 仅具有良好的 LHRH拮抗活性,而且在体外可自组装成不同形态的聚 集体, 因此具有较长的体内作用时间, 可以达到緩释的效果, 用于制 备緩释制剂。 因此本发明化合物可作为激素类药用于动物, 优选用于 哺乳动物, 特别是人。
本发明因此还涉及含有本发明所述化合物和 /或其立体异构体或 其无生理毒性盐以及常规可药用载体或赋形剂的药物组合物。这里"可 药用载体或赋形剂"包括任一种或所有溶剂, 分散介质, 包衣, 抗菌剂 或抗真菌剂, 等渗及緩释试剂, 以及类似的生理配伍制剂, 以适合静 脉注射, 肌肉注射, 皮下注射, 或其它给药方式, 如口服给药。 根据 给药的方式, 可将活性化合物包衣以保护化合物免受酸或其它自然条 件的影响而失活。
本发明所用术语"无生理毒性的盐"是指可保留母体化合物预期生 理活性而不会产生任何意料之外毒副作用的盐或者它们的组合物。 例 如: 盐酸盐, 氢溴酸盐, 硫酸盐, 磷酸盐, 硝酸盐, 以及醋酸盐, 草 酸盐, 酒石酸盐, 琥珀酸盐, 苹果酸盐, 苯甲酸盐, 双羟萘酸盐, 海 藻酸盐, 甲磺酸盐, 萘磺酸盐等。 根据盐中含有的阳离子又可为: 钾 盐, 锂盐, 锌盐, 铜盐, 钡盐, 铋盐, 钙盐等无机盐, 还可为诸如三 烷基铵盐等有机盐。
本发明所述化合物及其立体异构体、 无生理毒性盐或含有它的药 物组合物可以以已知的任何方式给药, 如口服、 肌肉、 皮下等, 给药 剂型例如片剂、 胶嚢、 口含片、 咀嚼片、 酏剂、 混悬剂、 透皮剂、 微 嚢包埋剂、 埋植剂、 糖浆剂等。 可以是普通制剂、 緩释制剂、 控释制 剂及各种微粒给药系统。 为了将单位给药剂型制成片剂, 可以广泛使 用本领域公知的各种生物可降解的或生物相容载体。关于载体的例子, 如盐水基及各种緩冲水溶液、 乙醇或其它多元醇、 脂质体、 聚乳酸、 乙酸乙烯酯、 聚酐、 聚羟乙酸、 胶原、 聚原酸酯等。
本发明所述化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性盐的给药剂 量取决于许多因素, 例如所要预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度, 患 者或动物的性别、 年龄、 体重, 敏感性及个体反应, 所用的具体化合 物, 给药途径, 给药次数以及所希望达到的治疗效果等。 上述剂量可 以单一剂量形式或分成几个, 例如二、 三、 四个剂量形式给药。 单个 最大剂量一般不超过 30mg/Kg 体重,例如 0.001-30mg/Kg , 优选 0.01-5mg/Kg, 较佳剂量范围为 0.5 - 2mg/Kg体重。 但是, 在某些情 况下, 也可能使用 30mg/Kg体重以上或者 0.001mg/Kg以下的单个剂 量。 在本发明中使用的缩写具有下面的含义:
Ac - 乙酰基
Ala - 丙氨酸,
Aph - 4-氨基苯丙氨酸
Boc -叔丁氧羰基,
Cpa - 对氯苯丙氨酸,
DIEA -二异丙基乙胺,
HOBt - 1-羟基苯并三唑,
Hor - 二氢乳清酸,
Leu - 亮氛酸,
ILys - 异丙基赖氨酸
MBHA - 苯基氨甲基树脂,
Nal - 萘丙氨酸,
Nleu - 正亮氨酸
Ca-Me-Ala - Ca-甲基-丙氨酸
Pal - 3-吡啶丙氨酸,
Phe - 苯丙氨酸, RP-HPLC - 反相高效液相色谱
Pro - 脯氨酸,
Ser - 丝氨酸,
(o)Mph -邻甲基苯丙氨酸,
(m)Mph - 间甲基苯丙氨酸,
(p)Mph -对甲基苯丙氨酸,
(p)Cpa-对氯苯丙氨酸,
Sar-氮甲基甘氨酸,
Figure imgf000010_0001
Mle
上述含有手性中心的氨基酸为 D或 L型。 附图说明
图 1 化合物 (4) 、 (7) 、 (10) 的透射电镜图 具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述, 但是本领 域技术人员将会理解, 下列实施例仅用于说明本发明, 而不应视为限 定本发明的范围。 实施例中未注明具体条件者, 按照常规条件或制造 商建议的条件进行。 所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者, 均为可以通 过市购获得的常规产品。 实施例所用固相合成载体 MBHA树脂为天津南开合成责任有限 公司产品; DIC、 HOBT、 HBTU、 DIEA以及 Boc -保护或 Fmoc-保 护的天然氨基酸由上海吉尔生化公司以及成都诚诺新技术有限责任公 司产品, Boc-或 Fmoc-保护的非天然氨基酸除说明外均由本实验室合 成提供。 实施例 1: 十肽衍生物的合成
以 lg MBHA树脂 ( 0.96mmol ) 为固相载体, BOP/DIEA为缩合 剂, 根据化合物的氨基酸序列, 按标准的 Boc固相多肽合成方法 (参 考文献: 黄惟德, 陈常庆著, 多肽合成, 科学出版社, 1985 ),首先合 成 Leu7-Ilys ( Cbz ) 8-Pro9-D-Ala10-MBHA树脂。 以化合物 (1 ) 的合 成为例: 按照标准 Boc策略依次与 6位的保护氨基酸单元、 及 5位的 Boc-Aph ( Fmoc )缩合, 同上脱除 Fmoc保护基后, 加入 2mmol的乳 清酸或其他要修饰的单元、 2mmolHBTU、 2mmolDIEA, 反应 4-10 小时后茚三酮检测, 反应完全后, 再按照标准 Boc策略依次连接好剩 余氨基酸,放入 HF切割仪的反应器中,同上处理,冷冻干燥后得 1.47g 白色干粉,粗肽收率 93.5%。经中压色谱纯化得纯品,纯肽收率 12.1%。 ESI-MS: [Μ+2Η]810·6 (理论值: 1620.2 ) 。
按照上述方法制备了化合物 (2 ) ~ ( 19 ) , 化合物的质谱鉴定结 果如表 1所示
表 1 化合物的质谱测定结果 化合物 质谱测得分子量
( 1 ) 1633.4
( 2 ) 1619.2 (3) 1633.6
(4) 1644.7
(5) 1651.4
(6) 1666.4
(7) 1631.6
(8) 1633.6
(9) 1633.0
(10) 1602.7
(11) 1726.4
(12) 1631.5
(13) 1670.6
(14) 1670.3
(15) 1670.5
(16) 1633.4
(17) 1700.6
(18) 1661.0
(19) 1633.5
实施例 2: 大鼠体内抑制睾酮作用和组胺释放 EC5。测定实验 大鼠体内抑制睾酮作用实验: 实验前称动物体重, 玻璃毛细管球 后静脉丛采血, 分离血清后用化学发光法测定血清睾酮含量, 按睾酮 含量和体重随机分组, 每组 4只动物, 分别于一次性皮下注射 2mg/kg 待测化合物后 8、 16、24小时等,球后静脉丛采血, 5000rpm离心 8min, 将分离得到的血清用化学发光法 (美国 Beckman Coulter公司 Access Immunoassay System化学发光仪 ) 测定血清睾酮含量。
组胺释放 EC5。测定方法: 将化合物用 PBS緩冲液分别配成 2.0 /mL, 20.0 g/mL, 200 /mL母液备用。 5只 SD雄性大鼠处死后腹 腔注射冷 PBS, 开膛吸出腹腔液低温离心, 重复洗涤一次后合并沉淀细 胞, 加适量 PBS制成单细胞悬液, 白细胞稀释液稀释, 取其部分(约含 2xl06个细胞)加入若干离心管中, 然后分别加入化合物母液, 浓度配 成 0 (全脱颗粒管) , 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 30.0, 100.0 g/mL, 37。C水浴中孵育 15 min,全脱颗粒管煮沸 5 min,水浴中止反应, 4。C、 1500 rpm离心 5 min后, 取上清液用化学发光测定仪在 EX340 nm和 EM460 nm波长处测定荧光强度, 根据仪器的相关公式自动计算组胺释 放百分率, 得出每个化合物的 EC5。。 EC5。值越大, 表明样品导致组胺 释放的能力越弱。
按照上述方法, 活性测定结果见表 2。 表 2 化合物抑制大鼠睾酮分泌的评价结果
Figure imgf000013_0001
血清睾酮含量测定结果表明,本发明的 LHRH拮抗剂在用结构不 同的氨基酸修饰 7位后, 能够保持原有拮抗剂的活性, 有效降低血清 睾酮含量(睾酮含量降低的含义: 与空白组大鼠和给药前大鼠体内的 睾酮含量相比, 均有统计学意义上的显著降低。 ) ;
组胺释放 EC5。测定结果表明, 本发明的化合物具有低组胺释放活 性, 能够有效降低组胺释放引起的副作用。 实施例 3: 透射电镜法观察聚集体形态
将本发明的化合物溶解在 1 ml, 5%的甘露醇, 0.01%的叠氮钠水溶 液中,配置成 1 mg/ml的溶液, 放在室温孵育 4小时, 取 5 用母液稀 释到 50 μί, 配置成 50 μΜ, 滴在碳支持膜的铜网上, 沉淀 5 min, 2% 的磷钨酸染色 1 min HITACH透射电镜观察,图片放大 70000~80000 透射电镜观察发现, 本发明化合物形成了淀粉样纤维或嚢泡状聚 集体,如图 1所示。 实施例 4: 聚集体透析实验
孵育 18天的 400 本发明化合物的溶液(5%的甘露醇, 0.01%的 叠氮钠水溶液中,配置成 1 mg/ml的溶液),加入截留分子量为 3.5KDa 的 透析管中,管外为 9 mL 的母液(5%的甘露醇,0.01%的叠氮钠水溶液), 注意不要让膜的两侧有气泡, 为了测定管外溶液浓度, 取管外溶液 250μί 稀释到 500μί, 荧光分光光度计激发光在 280 nm, 发射光在 290nm~500nm, 激发光狭缝为 5 nm, 发射光狭缝为 10nm
按照上述方法, 测定了各化合物的释放, 如表 3所示。 发现化合 物的释放速率与 7位象基酸的空间位阻有关。 对同一种聚集状态的化 合物, 7位位阻越大, 聚集体的释放速率越快。 因此, 本发明化合物 的聚集体, 可通过改变 7位氨基酸的结构调节聚集形态和解聚速度, 从 而实现不同程度的緩释作用。 表 3 聚集体的释放
化合物 荧光 (AU) =335 nm
1 d 3 d 10 d
(1) 387 630 814
(2) 227 379 712
(3) 125 140 178
(4) 431 693 1000
(5) 280 405 468
(6) 179 189 308
(7) 352 537 819
(8) 312 419 450
(9) 283 338 430
(10) 255 278 403
Degarelix 111 372 554 其中 Degarelix是一种商品化的用于前列腺癌治疗的促性腺激素释放激 素(GnRH ) 阻断剂。
尽管本发明的具体实施方式已经得到详细的描述, 本领域技术人 员将会理解。 根据已经公开的所有教导, 可以对那些细节进行各种修 改和替换, 这些改变均在本发明的保护范围之内。 本发明的全部范围 由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。

Claims

1.式 (I ) 所示的化合物, 或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐, R-D-Nal-D-Cpa-D-Pal-Ser-Aph(Hor)-D-Aph(Cbm)-Aaa7-Ilys-Pro- Aaa10-NH2
式(I )
其中, R为 Ac、 Cbm或 R1 ;
其中 为一 CO ( CH2 ) nCH3;
n可以为 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5或 6;
Aaa7为 Thr, Phe, Met, He, Val, Tyr, Nle, Nleu, β-Leu, Acc3, Acc5, Acc6, Clpa, Mle, Cpa或以下结构:
Figure imgf000016_0002
其中 X为 d_6烷基, d_6烷氧基, d_6烷基酰基或卤素; 。
Aaa10为 D-Ala, D-Val, Sar或 Ca-Me-Ala。
2. 权利要求 1的化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐,其 选自以下化合物:
(l)Ac-D-Nal1-D-Cpa2-D-Pal3-Ser4-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm ) 6-Ile7-Ilys8-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2;
( 2 ) Ac-D-Nal^D-Cpa^D-Pal^SeZ-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm ) 6-Var-Ilys8-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2;
( 3 ) Ac-D-Nal】-D-Cpa2-D-Pal3-Ser4-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm ) 6-Nle7-Ilys8-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2;
( 4 ) Ac-D-Nal】-D-Cpa2-D-Pal3-Ser4-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm ) 6-(Acc6)7-Ilys8-Pro9-D-Ala10-NH2;
( 5 ) Ac-D-Nal^D-Cpa^D-Pal^SeZ-Aph ( Hor ) 5-D-Aph ( Cbm ) / S98f80n:/:0s>l>d/ osos OiozM
Figure imgf000017_0001
s J ( ) ( ( )6 ¾vvsaH qu 9daaz av Sd di---- --- Λ
&
<
s ( ) ( )6 qvvsaH- Iv aa IKa L Sd ld. sB dH.-- ώ ώ Q ώ ώ ώ
O O O O o o
Figure imgf000017_0002
3. 药物组合物, 其含有至少一种权利要求 1-2任一项所述的化合 物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐, 以及任选的可药用载体或赋 形剂。
4. 权利要求 3的药物组合物, 其为緩释制剂。
5.权利要求 1-2任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理 毒性的盐在制备用于预防或治疗性激素相关疾病或用于避孕的药物中 的用途。
6. 权利要求 5的用途,其中所述性激素相关疾病包括性激素相关 癌症、 青春期性早熟、 前列腺增生、 子宫内膜异位、 月经不调 (如闭 经、 功能失调性子宫出血或排卵障碍) 或不孕症。
7. 权利要求 6的用途, 其中所述性激素相关癌症包括前列腺癌、 子宫内膜癌、 乳腺癌或卵巢癌等。
8. 权利要求 5-7任一项的用途, 其中所述药物为緩释制剂。
9.权利要求 1-2任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理 毒性的盐在制备用于抑制垂体分泌促性腺激素 (例如 LH和 /或 FSH ) 和 /或抑制性腺分泌 类激素 (例如雌激素、 孕激素和 /或睾酮) 的药 物中的用途。
10. 权利要求 9的用途, 其中所述药物为緩释制剂。
11. 预防或治疗性激素相关疾病或避孕的方法, 所述方法包括给 有需要的受试者预防或治疗有效量的权利要求 1-2任一项所述的化合 物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐的步骤。
12. 权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中所述性激素相关疾病包括性激 素相关癌症、 青春期性早熟、 前列腺增生、 子宫内膜异位、 月经不调
(如闭经、 功能失调性子宫出血或排卵障碍)或不孕症等。
13. 权利要求 12所述的方法, 其中所述性激素相关癌症包括前列 腺癌、 子宫内膜癌、 乳腺癌或卵巢癌等。
14. 抑制垂体分泌促性腺激素(例如 LH和 /或 FSH )和 /或抑制性腺 分泌 类激素(例如雌激素、 孕激素和 /或睾酮)的方法, 所述方法包 括给有需要的受试者预防或治疗有效量的权利要求 1-2任一项所述的 化合物或其立体异构体或其无生理毒性的盐的步骤。
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