WO2015018195A1 - 一种具备自控系统的连续固态发酵制取乙醇的装置及工艺 - Google Patents

一种具备自控系统的连续固态发酵制取乙醇的装置及工艺 Download PDF

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WO2015018195A1
WO2015018195A1 PCT/CN2014/071580 CN2014071580W WO2015018195A1 WO 2015018195 A1 WO2015018195 A1 WO 2015018195A1 CN 2014071580 W CN2014071580 W CN 2014071580W WO 2015018195 A1 WO2015018195 A1 WO 2015018195A1
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continuous solid
fermentation
state fermentation
fermentation tank
fermenter
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PCT/CN2014/071580
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李十中
仉磊
李光明
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清华大学
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Priority to AP2016009078A priority Critical patent/AP2016009078A0/xx
Publication of WO2015018195A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015018195A1/zh
Priority to US14/958,482 priority patent/US20160083684A1/en
Priority to AU2016100122A priority patent/AU2016100122A4/en
Priority to ZA2016/01548A priority patent/ZA201601548B/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/12—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing fuels or solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/16—Solid state fermenters, e.g. for koji production
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/50—Means for positioning or orientating the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/10—Rotating vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
    • C12M27/20—Baffles; Ribs; Ribbons; Auger vanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/04—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by injection or suction, e.g. using pipettes, syringes, needles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/16—Screw conveyor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/18—Rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M37/00—Means for sterilizing, maintaining sterile conditions or avoiding chemical or biological contamination
    • C12M37/04—Seals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/065—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage with microorganisms other than yeasts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
    • C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fermentation for producing fuel ethanol. Specifically, it relates to a solid-state fermentation apparatus and process for producing fuel ethanol, and particularly to a self-controlled continuous solid fermentation apparatus and process for preparing fuel ethanol based on a saccharide raw material.
  • Sweet sorghum is the preferred target for such non-grain crops because of its drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, strong adaptability, and high sugar content in stems.
  • Sweet sorghum straw produces ethanol mainly in liquid and solid fermentation.
  • liquid fermentation the fresh sweet sorghum straw is pressed to extract juice, and the juice is fermented.
  • a preservative which is disadvantageous to the fermenting yeast, and a certain amount of sugar remains in the solid material after pressing, which will cause The ethanol yield is reduced; the solid fermentation is to directly ferment the sweet sorghum straw, which reduces the strength of the raw material pretreatment, avoids the use of preservatives, reduces the sugar loss, and can fundamentally overcome the shortage of liquid fermentation.
  • the inventors of the present invention disclose a continuous solid state fermentation apparatus and process for producing fuel ethanol.
  • the continuous fermentation is achieved by the following steps:
  • the continuous solid-state fermentation tank rotation speed is controlled at 0.03 ⁇ 0.4 rpm, and the continuous solid-state fermentation tank temperature is maintained at 25 ⁇ 40 °C to convert the fermentable sugar into ethanol.
  • the technical scheme of the self-control continuous solid-state fermentation device for preparing fuel ethanol disclosed in Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN 102071222A is as follows:
  • the feeder is connected with the closed silo, and the sealed silo is provided with a level gauge, a bacterial liquid spray pipe, and an outlet thereof.
  • the double-roller cutting machine is installed; the outlet of the double-roller cutting machine is connected with the feeding screw feeder, the feeding screw feeder is inserted into the feeding sealing chamber and fixed, the feeding sealing chamber and the continuous solid-state fermentation tank
  • the mechanical seal is used; the continuous solid fermenter body is provided with an inclination angle inclined along the axis toward the outlet direction, and the outer wall of the tank is fixed with a gum, and the transmission of the transmission is meshed with the gums to drive the continuous solid fermentation tank on the support wheel.
  • the bottom of the continuous solid fermenter body is connected with the discharge sealing chamber, the exhaust sealing port is provided with an exhaust port, and a breathing valve, a discharge sealing chamber and a continuous solid fermentation tank are installed.
  • Mechanical seals are used.
  • a gate valve is installed at the outlet of the discharge seal chamber and is sealed to the subsequent equipment through the gate valve.
  • the inner wall of the continuous solid-state fermentation tank body is installed with a plurality of sets of fabric boards, the number of each set of cloth boards is 6-10, and the installation angle is adjustable; the same group of cloth boards are equally spaced on the same section, and the cloth boards of different sections are staggered. , to change the degree of material agitation and regulate the material flow rate.
  • a material stacking seal is adopted between the double-roller blanking machine and the closed silo, and the fermentation sealing material is sealed between the discharge sealing chamber and the gate valve.
  • the nozzles, connecting parts of the device, and their connections to other devices before and after are densely connected
  • the connection is sealed and adapted to the rotary motion of the fermenter body to ensure the sealing effect of the whole process.
  • the rotation speed of the continuous solid state fermentation tank is adjustable between 0.03 and 0.4 rpm.
  • the above-mentioned apparatus and process for continuous fermentation still have some defects, for example: 1. Due to the large size of the straw particles after pulverization, the feed port is often blocked when fed by a conventional feeder, and needs to be dredged frequently, thereby affecting production. Efficiency; 2. After the fermented straw is intertwined and entangled, it will block the discharge port, which will also affect the production efficiency; 3.
  • the invention solves the problems of high pretreatment cost of liquid fermentation raw materials, low production efficiency of solid state fermentation and difficulty in continuous process in the process of ethanol production from sweet sorghum straw. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a self-controlled continuous solid-state fermentation device and a process for preparing fuel ethanol according to material flow characteristics and combined with the operation characteristics of the fermentation process, and realizes continuous production of sweet sorghum straw fuel ethanol.
  • a self-controlled continuous solid state fermentation apparatus for producing fuel ethanol
  • the apparatus comprising: a feeder (101), a feed screw feeder (102), a bacterial liquid spray pipe (103) a feed sealing chamber (109), a fermentor body (105), a discharge screw feeder (114), characterized in that: the outlet of the feeder (101) is connected to the feed screw feeder (102), feeding The screw feeder (102) is provided with a bacterial liquid spray pipe (103), the feed screw feeder (10 2 ) is inserted into the feed sealing chamber (109) and fixed, and the feed sealing chamber (109) and the continuous solid state A mechanical seal is used between the fermenter bodies (105); the continuous solid fermenter body (105) is provided with an inclination angle inclined along the axis toward the outlet, and the outer wall of the tank is fixed with a gum (106), the shifting speed The oscillating speed is adjustable between 0.
  • the rotation speed of the rotating body is adjustable between 0. 03 ⁇ 0. 4 rpm.
  • a plurality of sets of fabric boards are installed on the inner wall of the continuous solid-state fermentation tank body (105), and the number of the cloth boards in each group is 11-15, and the installation angle is adjustable, which is used to change the stirring degree of the materials and regulate the material flow speed;
  • the spacing is distributed on the same section, and the fabric boards of different sections are staggered to change the mixing degree of the material and regulate the material flow speed.
  • the outlet of the continuous solid-state fermentation tank (105) is connected to a discharge screw feeder (114), and the discharge screw feeder (114) is provided with an exhaust port (107) and a breathing valve ( 108), the discharge screw feeder (114) is mechanically sealed with the continuous solid fermentation tank body (105) and is sealingly connected with the subsequent equipment.
  • the fermentor body (105) has an inclination of 1 to 5 degrees from the horizontal plane, and one end of the feed port is higher than one end of the discharge port.
  • a plurality of temperature measuring ports are formed outside the fermentor body (105) to form a temperature measuring port group (111) to monitor the temperature inside the fermenting tank.
  • the inner wall of the continuous solid fermenter body (105) is installed with a plurality of sets of fabric boards, each of which has 11-15 sheets; the same group of cloth boards are equally spaced on the same section.
  • the fabric boards of different cross sections are staggered to change the mixing degree of the material and regulate the material flow speed.
  • each nozzle of the device, the connecting portion, and the connection with other devices before and after the device are sealed and matched with the rotary motion of the fermenter body to ensure the sealing effect of the whole process.
  • the rpm is adjustable between 0.03 ⁇ 0.44 rpm.
  • a process for the continuous solid state fermentation of fuel ethanol comprising the steps of:
  • the step of adding the species is carried out in a screw feeder before the material enters the continuous solid state fermentation tank.
  • the material in the step (b), is continuously moved toward the outlet by the self-rotating motion of the continuous solid-state fermentation tank.
  • the strain used in the fermentation is CGMCC1949.
  • the continuous solid fermentation apparatus and process of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
  • the improved design of the inlet and outlet of the continuous solid fermenter and the proper inclination of the fermenter and the rotation speed enable the material to move stably and smoothly, realizing the continuous development of the solid-state fermentation process, eliminating the need for manual unloading.
  • the step of transporting to the next device improves the utilization rate of the fermenter, thereby effectively improving production efficiency, saving manpower and reducing labor intensity, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing energy consumption and production cost.
  • the angle of the cloth board in the fermenter can be flexibly adjusted, which can change the mixing degree of the material and regulate the material flow speed to meet the needs of different heat dissipation in different stages of fermentation, ensure the normal fermentation, and play a certain role in regulating production.
  • the device can change the rotation speed of the fermenter by adjusting the rotation speed of the motor, and the production capacity can be adjusted within a range, thereby further realizing the controllability of the production amount.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a self-controlled continuous solid-state fermentation apparatus of the present invention.
  • Reference numerals in the figure 101-feeder; 102-feed screw feeder; 1 03-bacterial spray pipe; 1 04-steam nozzle; 105-continuous solid state fermentation tank; 106-gum; 107 - Exhaust port; 1 08 - Breathing valve; 109- Feed sealing chamber; 110-bearing wheel; 111-temperature measuring port group; 112-transmission drive unit; 1 1 3-insulation layer; 1 14-discharge screw feeding Device.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the cloth sheets of any of the cloth sheets in the fermenter shown in Fig. 1. detailed description
  • the invention provides a device for continuously solid-state fermentation of fuel ethanol and a process thereof, so as to solve the problems of high pretreatment cost of liquid fermentation raw materials, low production efficiency and continuous operation of solid fermentation in the process of ethanol production from sweet sorghum straw.
  • the continuous production of sweet sorghum straw fuel ethanol is realized.
  • the feed hopper is eliminated and a discharge screw feeder is added at the discharge port, the following problems are avoided, for example: 1. Since the smashed straw is easily entangled, conventional When the feeder feeds, it will often block the feed inlet and need to be dredged frequently, thus affecting the production efficiency. 2. After the fermented straw, the fibers are intertwined, which is easy to block the discharge port, which will also affect the production efficiency.
  • the strain used in the fermentation process of the present invention is CGMCC1949, which can grow well on corn medium, thereby avoiding the use of the traditional wort medium, reducing the production cost, and making the concentration of the strain. The increase also further improves the fermentation efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a self-controlled continuous solid-state fermentation apparatus of the present invention.
  • the outlet of the feeder 101 is connected to the feed screw feeder 102, the feed screw feeder 102 is provided with a bacterial liquid spray pipe 103, and the feed screw feeder 102 is extended into the feed sealing chamber.
  • the feed sealing chamber 109 and the continuous solid fermenting tank body 105 are mechanically sealed; the continuous solid fermenting tank body 105 is provided with an inclined angle inclined along the axis toward the outlet, and the outer wall of the tank is fixed with a gingival 106, shifting
  • the machine driving device 112 meshes with the gum 106 to drive the continuous solid fermentation tank
  • the rpm is adjustable between 0. 03 ⁇ 0. 4rpm.
  • a plurality of sets of fabric boards are installed on the inner wall of the continuous solid-state fermentation tank 105, and the number of the cloth boards in each group is 11-15, and the installation angle is adjustable, which is used to change the stirring degree of the materials and regulate the material flow speed; On the same section, the fabric boards of different sections are staggered to change the degree of material agitation and regulate the material flow rate.
  • the outlet of the continuous solid fermentation tank body 105 is connected to the discharge screw feeder 114.
  • the discharge screw feeder 114 is provided with an exhaust port 107, and is equipped with a breathing valve 108, and the discharge screw feeder A mechanical seal is applied between 114 and the continuous solid state fermentor body 105 and is sealingly coupled to subsequent equipment.
  • a plurality of temperature measuring ports are formed on the outer side of the continuous solid state fermenting tank of the present invention to form a temperature measuring port group 1 11 for monitoring the temperature in the fermenting tank, and the temperature in the fermenting tank should be maintained at 25-40 ° C.
  • An insulating layer may be provided outside the continuous solid state fermentor of the present invention, as used in cold regions or seasons. This ensures the stability of the fermentation temperature and also achieves temperature control.
  • the smashed sweet sorghum straw is sent from the feeder 101 to the feed screw feeder 102, and mixed with the bacterial liquid input from the bacterial liquid spray pipe 103, and the mixed material enters the fermentation tank through the screw feeder 102. 1 05; the transmission drive unit 12 12 meshes with the gingival 106, thereby driving the continuous solid fermentation tank body 105 to move at a certain speed under the support of the idler wheel 110, and the sweet sorghum straw material is under the action of its own gravity and the cloth plate.
  • the inclined tank is continuously moved to the fermenter outlet and then continuously discharged through the discharge screw feeder 1 14 .
  • the material is continuously fermented in the flow process, and the fermented material enters the ethanol distillation process.
  • the outer side of the fermenter has a heat-dissipating layer 11 3 which can be disassembled and assembled, and a water sprinkler or air-cooling device to determine whether to heat or cool the tank according to the different needs of the fermentation heat.
  • the mixed gas of carbon dioxide, ethanol gas and steam generated by the fermentation is discharged from the exhaust port 107, and then enters the mixed gas processing device to recover carbon dioxide and ethanol gas.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the cloth sheets of any of the cloth sheets in the fermenter shown in Fig. 1.
  • Example 1 continuous fermentation
  • the mature sweet sorghum straw is harvested, and the sweet sorghum straw having a water content of 70%, a total sugar content of 11%, and a reducing sugar content of 7% is used as a raw material, and is pulverized into a filament having a diameter of 1 to 2 mm and a length of less than 30 ⁇ .
  • CGMCC1949 strain was added to the screw feed feeder, mixed with the pulverized material, and continuously fermented in a continuous solid state fermenter.
  • the inoculum of the fermenting bacteria was 10% (V/W), and the operating parameters were adjusted to maintain the temperature in the tank at 25 to 40 ° C.
  • the fermentation time was 24 hours, and the fermentation tank rotation speed was 0.25 rpm. After fermentation, the ethanol yield was 91.2%, and the total sugar conversion rate was 94.2%.
  • the mature sweet sorghum straw is harvested, and the sweet sorghum straw having a water content of 70%, a total sugar content of 12% and a reducing sugar content of 8% is used as a raw material, and is pulverized into a filament having a diameter of 1 to 2 mm and a length of less than 30 ⁇ .
  • CGMCC1949 strain was added to the screw feed feeder, mixed with the pulverized material, and continuously fermented in a continuous solid fermenter. Fermentation bacteria inoculation amount is 15% (V / W), adjust the operating parameters, keep the tank temperature is 25 ⁇ 40 ° C, fermentation time 30 hours, fermenter rotation speed is 0. lrpm 0 measured after fermentation, ethanol The rate was 92.3% and the total sugar conversion rate was 96.4%.

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Abstract

本发明属于微生物发酵生产燃料乙醇的技术领域。具体涉及一种生产燃料乙醇具备自控系统的连续固态发酵装置及工艺。所述工艺主要包括菌种添加和连续固态发酵两个步骤，即在粉碎物料进入连续固态发酵罐时向粉碎原料中添加发酵菌种，然后将上述混菌原料在连续固态发酵罐中进行发酵，使可发酵糖转化为乙醇。本发明采用连续固态发酵，可以充分利用秸秆中的可发酵糖分，避免了防腐剂的使用，节约了秸秆压榨所需要的高能耗，降低了大量无污水的排放，提高了生产效率、节约了生产成本产率；采用自控连续固态发酵装置，改变了传统生产方式，真正实现了固态发酵工艺的连续化、自动化；发酵罐体回转速度、布料板角度可调，加强了生产的可调可控性。

Description

一种具备自控系统的连续固态发酵制取乙醇的装置及工艺 技术领域
本发明属于微生物发酵生产燃料乙醇的技术领域。 具体涉及一种生 产燃料乙醇的固态发酵装置及工艺， 特别是一种基于糖质原料制取燃料 乙醇的自控连续固体发酵装置及工艺。
背景技术
随着社会的发展， 化石资源已渐趋枯竭， 世界各国开始致力于研究 可再生能源物质， 而可替代石油燃料的绿色新能源一一燃料乙醇受到了 国内外的广泛关注。 因其燃烧特性与汽油非常接近， 可以按一定比例与 汽油混合使用， 也可以直接作为燃料使用， 极大减少了有害气体的排放， 具有广阔的发展空间。
由于世界人口急剧增多， 为保证粮食供应， 逐渐有国家出台限制粮 食作物制乙醇的政策， 因此非粮作物生产乙醇将会成为发展趋势。 甜高 粱以其抗旱、 耐盐碱、 适应力强、 茎秆含糖量高等特性， 成为此类非粮 作物的优选对象。
甜高粱秸秆生产乙醇主要有液态和固态发酵两种方式。 液态发酵是 将新鲜甜高粱秸秆压榨取汁， 对汁液进行发酵， 但贮存汁液时需要加入 防腐剂， 对发酵酵母菌不利， 而压榨后的固体物料中还残留一定量的糖 分， 这些都将造成乙醇产率降低； 固态发酵是将甜高粱秸秆粉碎后直接 进行发酵， 降低了原料预处理的强度， 避免了防腐剂的使用， 减少了糖 损失， 能从根本上克服液态发酵的不足。
但目前的固态发酵技术大多数还沿用传统制酒工艺， 在固定的发酵 池或发酵罐内进行， 属于间歇操作， 酒气易挥发， 生产效率低。 而粉碎 秸秆类物料具有相互缠绕的特点， 艮难实现连续流动， 其运动的不确定 性也给监测带来困难。 因此， 开发新型设备， 降低成本和能耗， 提高乙 醇产率， 并实现固态发酵连续化是发展生物质发酵制取燃料乙醇工业的 当务之急。
在中国专利申请公布 CN 102071222A中， 本发明的发明人公开了一 种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态发酵装置及工艺。 其中的连续发酵是通过如 下步骤实现的：
( a )菌种添加： 在粉碎物料进入连续固态发酵罐体前向发酵原料中 添加发酵菌种； 发酵菌种接种量为 5% ~ 20% ( V/W );
( b )连续固态发酵： 将上述混合后的发酵料在连续固态发酵罐中进 行连续发酵， 发酵时间 30h
, 连续固态发酵罐体回转速度控制在 0. 03 ~ 0. 4rpm, 连续固态发酵 罐体内的温度保持在 25 ~ 40 °C , 使可发酵糖转化为乙醇。
在中国专利申请公布 CN 102071222A 中公开的制取燃料乙醇的自控 连续固态发酵装置的技术方案为： 送料器与密闭料仓相连， 密闭料仓上 设置有料位计、 菌液喷淋管， 其出口处安装双辊下料机； 所述双辊下料 机的出口与进料螺旋送料器连接， 进料螺旋送料器伸入进料密封仓内并 固定， 进料密封仓与连续固态发酵罐体之间采用机械密封； 连续固态发 酵罐体设有沿轴线向出口方向倾斜的倾角， 罐体外壁上固定有齿圏， 变 速机驱动装置与齿圏啮合， 驱动连续固态发酵罐体在托轮的支承下回转； 所述连续固态发酵罐体的出口处与出料密封仓连接， 所述出料密封仓上 设置排气口， 并安装有呼吸阀， 出料密封仓与连续固态发酵罐体之间采 用机械密封。 在出料密封仓的出口处安装闸板阀， 并通过闸门阀与后续 设备密封连接。
所述连续固态发酵罐体的内壁安装若干组布料板， 每组布料板数量 为 6-10个， 安装角度可调； 同组布料板等间距分布在同一截面上， 不同 截面的布料板交错排列， 以改变物料搅拌程度和调控物料流动速度。
所述双辊下料机与密闭料仓之间采用物料堆积密封， 所述出料密封 仓与闸板阀之间采用发酵料密封。
所述装置各管口、 连接部位， 及其与前后其他设备连接处都采用密 封连接， 并与发酵罐体的回转运动相适应， 保证运行全过程的密封效果。 所述连续固态发酵罐体的转速在 0.03 ~ 0.4rpm之间可调。 但是上述用于连续发酵的装置和工艺仍存在一些缺陷， 例如： 1. 由 于粉碎后的秸秆颗粒较大， 用常规的送料器进料时经常会堵塞进料口， 需要经常疏通， 从而影响生产效率； 2. 经过发酵后的秸秆交织缠连在一 起，会堵塞出料口， 同样会影响生产效率； 3. 由于在发酵中会产生热量， 使得发酵罐内温度不断升高， 当超出菌种的适宜温度区间时会影响发酵 效率； 4. 所用菌液由于培养基比较昂贵， 因此菌种生产成本较高， 加入 菌种时的使用浓度偏低， 发酵效率不够理想等； 5.发叫装置没有自控调 节， 亦影响正常生产。 因此， 本领域中仍需要能够实现自控连续固体发酵的装置和工艺。 以解决当前甜高粱秸秆制乙醇过程中液态发酵原料预处理成本高、 固态 发酵生产效率低以及连续化困难的问题。 发明内容
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明针对物料流动特性， 结合发酵工艺操 作特点， 提供了一种用于制取燃料乙醇的自控连续固态发酵装置及工艺， 实现甜高粱秸秆制燃料乙醇的连续化生产。
在本发明的第一方面， 提供了一种制取燃料乙醇的自控连续固态发 酵装置， 所述装置包括： 送料器 （101)、 进料螺旋送料器（102)、 菌液 喷淋管 （103)、 进料密封仓（109)、 发酵罐体（105)、 出料螺旋送料器 ( 114 ), 其特征在于： 送料器（101 ) 的出口与进料螺旋送料器（102 ) 连接， 进料螺旋送料器（102)上设有菌液喷淋管 （103), 进料螺旋送料 器（102)伸入进料密封仓（109) 内并固定， 进料密封仓（109)与连续 固态发酵罐体（ 105 )之间采用机械密封； 连续固态发酵罐体（ 105 )设 有沿轴线向出口方向倾斜的倾角， 罐体外壁上固定有齿圏 （106), 变速 机驱动装置（1 12 )与齿圏 （106 )啮合， 驱动连续固态发酵罐体（105 ) 在托轮（ 110 ) 的支承下回转转速在 0. 03 ~ 0. 4rpm之间可调。 连续固态 发酵罐体（ 105 )的内壁安装若干组布料板，每组布料板数量为 11-15个， 安装角度可调， 用以改变物料的搅拌程度和调控物料流动速度； 同组布 料板等间距分布在同一截面上， 不同截面的布料板交错排列， 以改变物 料搅拌程度和调控物料流动速度。 所述连续固态发酵罐体（ 105 )的出口 处与出料螺旋送料器（114 )相连接， 所述出料螺旋送料器（114 ) 上设 置排气口 （107 ), 并安装有呼吸阀 （108 ), 所述出料螺旋送料器（114 ) 与连续固态发酵罐体（ 105 )之间采用机械密封， 并与后续设备密封连接。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述发酵罐体（105 )与水平面的倾角 为 1—5° , 进料口一端高于出料口一端。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述发酵罐体（105 )外部安装有多个 测温口形成测温口组（111 ), 以监测发酵罐内的温度。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述连续固态发酵罐体（105 )的内壁 安装有若干组布料板， 每组布料板数量为 11-15 个； 同组布料板等间距 分布在同一截面上， 不同截面的布料板交错排列， 以改变物料搅拌程度 和调控物料流动速度。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述装置各管口、 连接部位， 及其与 前后其他设备连接处都采用密封连接， 并与发酵罐体的回转运动相适应， 保证运行全过程的密封效果。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述连续固态发酵罐体的转速在 0. 03 ~ 0. 4rpm之间可调。
在本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种用于制取燃料乙醇的连续固态发 酵的工艺， 包括如下步骤：
( a )菌种添加： 在粉碎物料进入连续固态发酵罐体前向发酵原料中 添加发酵菌种； 发酵菌种接种量为 5-20% ( V/W ); 菌种接种浓度为 1—9 X l OVml;
( b )连续固态发酵： 将上述混合后的发酵料在连续固态发酵罐中进 行连续发酵， 发酵时间 24-40 h, 连续固态发酵罐体回转速度控制在 0.03- 0.4rpm, 连续固态发酵罐体内的温度保持在 25 ~40°C, 使可发酵 糖转化为乙醇；
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述步骤 )的菌种添加过程是在物 料进入连续固态发酵罐体前的螺旋送料器中进行。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述步骤（b) 中， 通过连续固态发酵 罐体的自身回转运动实现物料不断向出口方向运动。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述发酵所用的菌种为 CGMCC1949。 本发明的连续固体发酵装置和工艺具有如下有益效果：
( 1 )连续固态发酵罐进出料口的改进设计以及发酵罐体恰当的倾角 与回转速度的配合使得物料能够稳定、 顺畅地运动， 真正实现了固态发 酵工艺的连续化， 省去了人工卸料再运送至下一装置的步骤， 提高了发 酵罐利用率， 从而有效提高了生产效率， 节省了人力并减小劳动强度， 进而达到降低能耗和生产成本的目的。
( 2)连续发酵是在一密闭系统中进行， 物料发酵完成后直接进入下 一单元， 操作过程无间歇， 物料不与空气接触， 并且排气口的设计能起 到罐内控压的作用， 使之维持微正压， 保证了发酵时菌种所必须的厌氧 环境， 有益于发酵。
( 3)发酵罐内布料板角度可以灵活调整， 能够改变物料搅拌程度和 调控物料流动速度， 以满足发酵不同阶段散热量不同的需要， 保证发酵 正常进行， 并对生产起到一定的调控作用。
(4)该装置能够通过调节电机转速来改变发酵罐的回转速度， 使其 生产能力在一范围内可调， 进一步实现了生产量的可控性。
( 5 )采用固态发酵降低了原料的预处理强度， 节省了时间和人力； 能充分利用甜高粱秸秆中的可发酵糖分， 且无防腐剂的使用， 减少了糖 损失， 保证了菌种生长的活性， 提高了产品质量和产率。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明的自控连续固态发酵装置的结构示意图。 图中附图标 记： 101-送料器； 102-进料螺旋送料器； 1 03-菌液喷淋管； 1 04-蒸汽管 口； 105-连续固态发酵罐体； 106-齿圏； 107 -排气口； 1 08 -呼吸阀； 109- 进料密封仓； 110-托轮； 111-测温口组； 112-变速机驱动装置； 1 1 3-保 温层； 1 14-出料螺旋送料器。
图 2为图 1所示的发酵罐体内任一布料板截面的布料板分布示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态发酵的装置及其工艺， 以解决当前甜高粱秸秆制乙醇过程中液态发酵原料预处理成本高、 固态 发酵生产效率低和连续化困难的问题， 实现甜高粱秸秆制燃料乙醇的连 续化生产。
在本发明的发酵装置中， 由于取消了进料斗， 并在出料口增设出料 螺旋送料器， 从而避免了下述问题， 例如： 1. 由于粉碎后的秸秆容易交 织缠连， 用常规的送料器进料时经常会堵塞进料口， 需要经常疏通， 从 而影响生产效率； 2. 经过发酵后的秸秆其纤维交织在一起， 极易堵塞出 料口， 同样会影响生产效率。
此外， 在本发明的发酵工艺中使用的菌种为 CGMCC1949 , 这种菌种可 以在玉米培养基上良好生长， 从而避免了使用传统的麦芽汁培养基， 降 低了生产成本， 使得菌种的浓度增高， 也进一步提高了发酵效率。
下面结合附图， 对本发明做进一步说明。
图 1为本发明的自控连续固态发酵装置的结构示意图。 如图 1所示， 送料器 101的出口与进料螺旋送料器 102连接， 进料螺旋送料器 102上 设有菌液喷淋管 103 ,进料螺旋送料器 102伸入进料密封仓 1 09内并固定， 进料密封仓 109与连续固态发酵罐体 105之间采用机械密封； 连续固态 发酵罐体 105设有沿轴线向出口方向倾斜的倾角， 罐体外壁上固定有齿 圏 106 , 变速机驱动装置 112与齿圏 106啮合， 驱动连续固态发酵罐体 105在托轮 11 0的支承下回转转速在 0. 03 ~ 0. 4rpm之间可调。 连续固态 发酵罐体 105的内壁安装若干组布料板， 每组布料板数量为 11-15个， 安装角度可调， 用以改变物料的搅拌程度和调控物料流动速度； 同组布 料板等间距分布在同一截面上， 不同截面的布料板交错排列， 以改变物 料搅拌程度和调控物料流动速度。 所述连续固态发酵罐体 105 的出口处 与出料螺旋送料器 114相连接， 所述出料螺旋送料器 114上设置排气口 107 , 并安装有呼吸阀 108 , 所述出料螺旋送料器 114与连续固态发酵罐 体 105之间采用机械密封， 并与后续设备密封连接。
在本发明的连续固态发酵罐外侧设置有多个测温口形成测温口组 1 11 , 用于监测发酵罐内的温度， 发酵罐内的温度应保持在 25_40 °C , 当 发酵温度过高时， 将启动外部水喷淋或风冷等方式降温。 如在寒冷地区 或季节使用时， 可在本发明的连续固态发酵罐外部设置保温层。 这样保 证了发酵温度的稳定， 也实现了温度自控。
连续进料前， 应从发酵罐上的蒸汽管口通入蒸汽灭菌消毒。 发酵时， 粉碎后的甜高粱秸秆由送料器 1 01送至进料螺旋送料器 102 ,并与菌液喷 淋管 103输入的菌液混合， 混合后的物料经螺旋送料器 102进入发酵罐 体 1 05 ; 变速机驱动装置 1 12与齿圏 106啮合，从而驱动连续固态发酵罐 体 105在托轮 110的支承下以一定的速度运动， 甜高粱秸秆物料在自身 重力和布料板的作用下沿倾斜的罐体连续的运动至发酵罐出口， 然后经 出料螺旋送料器 1 14 连续排出。 物料在流动过程中完成连续发酵， 发酵 后的物料进入乙醇蒸馏工序。 发酵罐外侧有可分段拆装的保温层 11 3 以 及水喷淋装置或风冷装置， 以便根据发酵产热不同的需要， 决定是否对 罐体进行保温或降温。 发酵产生的二氧化碳、 乙醇气连同水蒸气形成的 混合气体由排气口 107排出后进入混合气处理装置， 进行二氧化碳和乙 醇气体的回收。
图 2为图 1所示的发酵罐体内任一布料板截面的布料板分布示意图。 实施例 1 (连续发酵）
收割成熟的甜高粱秸秆， 以含水量 70%, 总糖含量 11%, 还原糖含量 7%的甜高粱秸秆为原料， 粉碎成直径 1 ~2mm长度小于 30匪的丝状。 同 时向螺旋进料送料器中加入 CGMCC1949 菌种， 与粉碎物料混合后在连续 固态发酵罐内进行连续发酵。 发酵菌接种量为 10% (V/W), 调节各操作参 数， 保持罐内温度为 25 ~40°C, 发酵时间 24 小时， 发酵罐回转速度为 0.25rpm。 发酵后测得乙醇收率 91.2%, 总糖转化率 94.2%。
实施例 2 (连续发酵）
收割成熟的甜高粱秸秆， 以含水量 70%, 总糖含量 12%, 还原糖含量 8%的甜高粱秸秆为原料， 粉碎成直径 1 ~2mm长度小于 30匪的丝状。 同 时向螺旋进料送料器中加入 CGMCC1949 菌种， 与粉碎物料混合后在连续 固态发酵罐内进行连续发酵。 发酵菌接种量为 15% (V/W), 调节各操作参 数， 保持罐内温度为 25 ~40°C, 发酵时间 30 小时， 发酵罐回转速度为 0. lrpm0 发酵后测得， 乙醇收率 92.3%, 总糖转化率 96.4%。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种制取燃料乙醇的自控连续固态发酵装置， 所述装置包括： 送料器（101)、 进料螺旋送料器（102)、 菌液喷淋管 （103)、 进料密封 仓（109)、 发酵罐体（105)、 出料螺旋送料器（114 ), 其特征在于： 送 料器（101 ) 的出口与进料螺旋送料器 （102 ) 的进口连接， 进料螺旋送 料器（ 102 )上设有菌液喷淋管 （ 103 ), 进料螺旋送料器（ 102 )伸入进 料密封仓（ 109 )内并固定，进料密封仓（ 109 )与连续固态发酵罐体（105 ) 之间采用机械密封； 连续固态发酵罐体（ 105 )设有沿轴线向出口方向倾 斜的倾角， 罐体外壁上固定有齿圏 （106 ), 变速机驱动装置（112)与齿 圏 （106)啮合， 驱动连续固态发酵罐体（105 )在托轮（110) 的支承下 回转， 转速在 0.03~0.4rpm之间可调。 连续固态发酵罐体（ 105 ) 的内 壁安装若干组布料板， 每组布料板数量为 11-15 个， 安装角度可调， 用 以改变物料的搅拌程度和调控物料流动速度； 同组布料板等间距分布在 同一截面上， 不同截面的布料板交错排列， 以改变物料搅拌程度和调控 物料流动速度。 所述连续固态发酵罐体（ 105 )的出口处与出料螺旋送料 器（114 )相连接， 所述出料螺旋送料器（114 )上设置排气口 （107 ), 并安装有呼吸阀 （108 ), 所述出料螺旋送料器（114)与连续固态发酵罐 体（105 )之间采用机械密封， 并与后续设备密封连接。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的制取燃料乙醇的自控连续固态发酵装置， 其特征在于： 所述发酵罐体（105 ) 与水平面的倾角为 1 _ 5° , 进料口 端高于出料口端。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的制取燃料乙醇的自控连续固态发酵装置， 其特征在于： 所述发酵罐体（105 )在不同截的面横穿直径的管上安装有 多个测温口形成测温组（ 111 ), 以监测发酵罐内的温度。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的制取燃料乙醇的自控连续固态发酵装置， 其特征在于： 所述连续固态发酵罐体（ 105 )的内壁安装有若干组布料板， 每组布料板数量为（1-5) D (D为发酵罐直径， 单位为 m, )个； 同组布料 板等间距分布在同一截面上， 不同截面的布料板交错排列， 以改变物料 搅拌程度和调控物料流动速度。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的制取燃料乙醇的自控连续固态发酵装置， 其特征在于： 所述装置各管口、 连接部位， 及其与前后其他设备连接处 都采用密封连接， 并与发酵罐体的回转运动相适应， 保证运行全过程的 密封效果。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的制取燃料乙醇的自控连续固态发酵装置， 其特征在于： 所述连续固态发酵罐体（ 105 ) 的转速在 0. 03 ~ 0. 4rpm之 间可调。
7. 一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态发酵工艺， 其特征在于： 包含以 下步骤：
( a )菌种添加： 在粉碎物料进入连续固态发酵罐体前向发酵原料中添加 发酵菌种；发酵菌种接种量为 5 ~ 20% ( V/W );菌种接种浓度为 1_9 χ 108个 /ml ;
( b )连续固态发酵：将上述混菌原料在连续固态发酵罐中进行连续发酵， 发酵时间 24_30h, 连续固态发酵罐体回转速度控制在 0. 03 ~ 0. 4rpm, 连 续固态发酵罐体内的温度保持在 25 ~ 40 °C , 使可发酵糖转化为乙醇。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态发酵工艺， 其特征在于： 所述步骤 )的菌种添加过程是在物料进入连续固态发酵 罐体前的密闭进料螺旋送料器内进行。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态发酵工艺， 其特征在于： 所述步骤（b ) 中， 通过连续固态发酵罐体的自身回转运动 实现物料的均匀混合并不断向出口方向运动。
10. 根据权利要求 7所述的一种利用糖质原料制取燃料乙醇的连续 固态发酵工艺， 其特征在于： 所述发酵所用的菌种为 CGMCC1949。
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