WO2015015844A1 - イオンセンサ - Google Patents
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- WO2015015844A1 WO2015015844A1 PCT/JP2014/060519 JP2014060519W WO2015015844A1 WO 2015015844 A1 WO2015015844 A1 WO 2015015844A1 JP 2014060519 W JP2014060519 W JP 2014060519W WO 2015015844 A1 WO2015015844 A1 WO 2015015844A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/84—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving inorganic compounds or pH
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/34—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and esterified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/017—Esters of hydroxy compounds having the esterified hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/533—Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C69/54—Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/34—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel copolymer and a device for detecting polyvalent metal ions using the same.
- calcium plays an important role in muscle contraction, nerve excitatory conduction, enzyme activation, hormone secretion, etc. It acts as an activator of antagonism with Na and K ions, regulation of muscle and nerve excitability, nerve stimulation transmission, blood coagulation, and enzyme activity. Therefore, it is important to measure the distribution and change of calcium ions in the living body in real time in the discovery of diseases, the course of treatment, the study of physiological functions, and the like.
- the extracellular calcium ion concentration is 1 to 2 mM, while the intracellular calcium ion concentration is 50 to 100 nM, which is 1 / 10,000 of the extracellular cell.
- Non-patent Document 1 a compound (Fura-2) having a glycol ether diamine tetraacetic acid (EGTA) skeleton has been reported (Non-patent Document 1).
- this sensor has a large association constant with a pKa of about 6 to 10, it can detect a calcium ion concentration of nM order, but cannot detect an extracellular calcium ion concentration.
- it has only irreversible sensing ability under extracellular calcium concentration and is difficult to integrate with a device, and is only used for in vitro imaging in cells.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a compound useful as a multivalent metal ion sensor such as calcium capable of reversible sensing and capable of being made into a device, and an ion sensor using the compound.
- the present inventor has paid attention to a polymer having a carboxyl group in the side chain represented by polyacrylic acid, manufactured a copolymer in which a compound having an aggregation-inducing light-emitting ability is introduced into a part thereof, and has various metal ion sensing effects.
- a polyvalent metal ion such as calcium ion
- fluorescence is generated by the aggregation-induced luminescent compound, and the fluorescence is reversible.
- the copolymer can be immobilized on a solid substrate or the like. As a result, the present invention was completed.
- the present invention provides [1] to [15].
- the repeating unit (A) is a repeating unit derived from a monomer selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and styrene carboxylic acid.
- the repeating unit (B) is a repeating unit derived from a monomer selected from acrylate, methacrylate, and styrene carboxylate having an ester residue derived from the compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2) [ [1] or [2] copolymer.
- R 1 is the same or different and represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- E 1 Represents a silicon atom or a germanium atom
- a 1 and B 1 are the same or different, each represents a hydrocarbon group
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4
- R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- a 2 and B 2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- the compound represented by the formula (1) or (2) may be substituted with 1 to 5 hydrophilic groups on the phenyl group, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5
- the copolymer according to [3] which is pentaphenylsilole, 2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1,1-dimethylsilole or tetraphenylethylene.
- a device for detecting polyvalent metal ions comprising the copolymer according to any one of [1] to [10].
- the device for detecting polyvalent metal ions according to [11], wherein the copolymer according to any one of [1] to [10] is immobilized on a solid substrate.
- the polyvalent compound according to [12], wherein the means for immobilizing the copolymer according to any one of [1] to [10] on the solid substrate is based on a covalent bond between the solid substrate and the copolymer.
- Metal ion detection device [14] A method for quantifying a polyvalent metal ion concentration in a sample, wherein the sample is brought into contact with the device according to any one of [1] to [13] and the fluorescence intensity is measured. [15] A compound represented by the following formula (3).
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 5 represents a direct bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a phenylene group
- X represents the following formula (1) or (2)
- R 1 is the same or different and represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- E 1 Represents a silicon atom or a germanium atom
- a 1 and B 1 are the same or different and represent a hydrocarbon group
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- a 2 and B 2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- copolymer of the present invention polyvalent metal ions typified by calcium ions can be detected with high sensitivity, and the detectability (luminousness) is reversible. Further, the copolymer of the present invention can be easily fixed to a resinous substrate or the like. Therefore, if the copolymer of the present invention is used, a device for detecting polyvalent metal ions represented by calcium ions can be produced.
- the fluorescence intensity of poly-1 0.05 with respect to the Ca 2+ concentration is shown.
- Changes in the fluorescence intensity of poly-1 0.05 with respect to Na + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ concentrations are shown.
- 1 shows the Ca 2+ sensing ability of poly-1 0.05 for various polyvalent metal ions. It shows the Ca 2+ sensing ability of poly-1 0.05 in the presence of Na + and Mg 2+ .
- the effect of EDTA on the Ca 2+ sensing ability of poly-1 0.05 is shown.
- the change of Ca 2+ sensing ability by the composition change of poly-1 is shown.
- Changes in fluorescence intensity of poly-1 0.05 are shown in (a) 5 mg / L, (b) 10 mg / L, and (c) 50 mg / L.
- Changes in fluorescence intensity of poly-1 0.05 are shown in (a) 5 mg / L, (b) 10 mg / L, and (c) 50 mg / L.
- the effect of adding Et 3 N and TFA on the calcium sensing ability of poly-1 0.05 is shown.
- the Ca 2+ sensing ability by the composition change of gel-1 is shown.
- gel-1 0.015 Ca 2+ reversibility.
- the relationship between the fluorescence quantum yield of a gel and Ca2 + sensing ability is shown.
- the reproducibility of change in calcium concentration and fluorescence quantum yield is shown.
- the structural conceptual diagram of a flexible sensor is shown in combination with OLED and OPV on a flexible substrate.
- the copolymer of the present invention has at least a repeating unit (A) having a carboxyl group in the side chain and a repeating unit (B) having a carboxylate group having an ester residue that exhibits aggregation-induced light-emitting ability in the side chain.
- the main chain is not particularly limited as long as it has a carboxyl group (—COOH) in the side chain, but a main chain by radical polymerization is preferred.
- a main chain by radical polymerization is preferred.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the main chain represented by is preferable.
- main chain and the carboxyl group may be directly bonded, or may be via a divalent hydrocarbon group such as an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a phenylene group. More preferably.
- repeating unit (A) are preferably repeating units derived from monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and styrene carboxylic acid, and more preferably a repeating unit represented by the formula (5).
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 5 represents a direct bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a phenylene group.
- the repeating unit (B) has a carboxylate group having an ester residue exhibiting aggregation-induced light-emitting ability in the side chain.
- ester residue that exhibits aggregation-induced luminescence ability include groups derived from the compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2).
- R 1 is the same or different and represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- E 1 Represents a silicon atom or a germanium atom
- a 1 and B 1 are the same or different and represent a hydrocarbon group
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- a 2 and B 2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 include aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a biphenyl group.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably an aromatic heterocyclic group having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms, such as a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a thienyl group, Examples include thiazolyl groups.
- the group that can be substituted with these aromatic hydrocarbon groups or aromatic heterocyclic groups is preferably a hydrophilic group, and is a hydroxy group, amino group, alkylamino group, dialkylamino group, sulfo group, thiol group, polyoxy group. More preferred are 1 to 5 groups selected from an ethylene group, a polyoxypropylene group, and a sulfinyl group.
- the alkylamino group and the dialkylamino group are preferably a C 1 -C 6 alkylamino group and a di (C 1 -C 6 alkyl) amino group.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is a phenyl group which may have 1 to 5 hydrophilic substituents.
- the hydrocarbon group represented by A 1 and B 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, and an isopropyl group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably the same aromatic hydrocarbon group as R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , particularly a phenyl group which may have 1 to 5 hydrophilic substituents.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are preferable.
- the group that can be substituted with these hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group is preferably a hydrophilic group, and is a hydroxy group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, a sulfo group, a thiol group, a polyoxyethylene group, More preferred are 1 to 5 groups selected from a polyoxypropylene group and a sulfinyl group.
- the alkylamino group and the dialkylamino group are preferably a C 1 -C 6 alkylamino group and a di (C 1 -C 6 alkyl) amino group.
- a preferable example of A 2 and B 2 is a phenyl group which may have 1 to 5 hydrophilic groups.
- N is particularly preferably 4.
- Particularly preferred examples of the compound represented by the formula (1) are 2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1,1-1 in which the 1 to 5 hydrophilic groups may be substituted on the phenyl group.
- TPS 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole
- a particularly preferred example of the compound represented by the formula (2) is tetraphenylethylene (TPE) in which the 1 to 5 hydrophilic groups may be substituted on the phenyl group.
- the main chain is not particularly limited, but a main chain by radical polymerization is preferred.
- a main chain by radical polymerization is preferred.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the main chain represented by is preferable.
- main chain and the carboxylate group may be directly bonded, or may be via a divalent hydrocarbon group such as an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a phenylene group. It is more preferable that
- repeating unit (B) are preferably repeating units derived from monomers such as acrylate, methacrylate, styrene carboxylate, and more preferably a repeating unit represented by the formula (7).
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 5 represents a direct bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a phenylene group
- X represents the formula (1) or (2). Indicates a group derived from the represented compound.
- the molar ratio (A / B) of the repeating unit (A) to the repeating unit (B) in the copolymer of the present invention is preferably 2 or more and 1000 or less, more preferably 3 to 1000 from the viewpoint of sensitivity to calcium ions and the like.
- 4 to 1000 is more preferable, and 5 to 1000 is more preferable.
- the copolymer of the present invention may have other repeating units as long as it has the repeating unit (A) and the repeating unit (B).
- the other repeating unit include a repeating unit derived from a polyfunctional monomer (C), a repeating unit derived from ethylene, styrene, alkyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylamide, and the like.
- a copolymer having a repeating unit (C) derived from a polyfunctional monomer in addition to the repeating unit (A) and the repeating unit (B) is gelled by formation of a crosslinked structure, and is particularly preferable as a polyvalent metal ion sensor. .
- the repeating unit (C) may be any repeating unit derived from a monomer having two or more polymerizable vinyl groups, such as polyol polyunsaturated carboxylate, linear or branched alkylene polyacrylamide, polyol polyacrylamide, divinylbenzene. And the like.
- the polyol polyunsaturated carboxylate is preferably polyol poly (meth) acrylate.
- the polyol includes ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, butylene glycol (including 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol), polybutylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, poly Glycerin, pentaerythritol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, bisphenol A, tricyclo [5.2.1.0 2,6 ] decandimethanol, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, bis ( 2-hydroxyethyl), hexafluorohexanediol, decanediol, pentanediol and the like are preferred.
- the linear or branched alkylene polyacrylamide is preferably a linear or branched alkylene polyacrylamide having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methylene bisacrylamide, ethylene bisacrylamide, and propylene bisacrylamide.
- Examples of the polyol diacrylamide include (1,2-dihydroxyethylene) bisacrylamide.
- Examples of divinylbenzenes include ortho-, meta- or para-divinylbenzene.
- the repeating unit (C) is preferably contained in the copolymer of the present invention in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 8 mol%, from the viewpoint of gel formation and ion measurement sensitivity. More preferably, it is contained in an amount of 0.5-5 mol%, more preferably 1-5 mol%. Further, the degree of swelling of the gel increases depending on the content of the repeating unit (C), and the degree of swelling is preferably 340% or more, more preferably 340 to 1500%, more preferably 500 to 1500% from the viewpoint of the Ca 2+ sensing ability. Is more preferable.
- the copolymer of the present invention may have a functional group that serves as a binding site with a substrate, and examples of such a functional group include alcohol, thiol, amine, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, and siloxane. , Vinyl, acetylene and the like.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the copolymer of the present invention is preferably 10,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 10,000 to 800,000, more preferably 10,000 to 500, from the viewpoint of sensitivity to calcium ions and the like. Is more preferred.
- the number average molecular weight can be measured by the method described in Examples below.
- copolymerization form of the copolymer of the present invention may be any of random copolymerization, alternating copolymerization, block copolymerization, and graft copolymerization, but random copolymerization is preferred.
- the copolymer of the present invention may be obtained by radical copolymerization of, for example, a monomer that becomes the repeating unit (A), a monomer that becomes the repeating unit (B), and a monomer that becomes the repeating unit (C) if necessary. Moreover, after repeating the radical copolymerization of the monomer which becomes the repeating unit (A) in which the carboxyl group is protected, the monomer which becomes the repeating unit (B), and the monomer which becomes the repeating unit (C) if necessary, A method for removing the carboxyl-protecting group of the unit (A) is also included.
- the monomer serving as the repeating unit represented by the formula (7) is represented by the following formula (3).
- This monomer (3) can be obtained, for example, by reacting (meth) acrylic halide with XOH in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
- a tert-butyl group is preferred.
- the radical copolymerization reaction is performed in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator include 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile), dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate), 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2).
- Azo initiators such as 1,4-dimethylvaleronitrile; photopolymerization initiators such as 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one; di (3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide And peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide.
- These polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the total amount of the polymerization initiator used is usually about 0.0002 to 0.2 times by mass with respect to the monomer of the repeating unit (A).
- Solvents include amide solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and ⁇ -butyrolactone; aromatics such as toluene and benzene System solvents; ether solvents such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether can be used, and these solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- amide solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone
- sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and ⁇ -butyrolactone
- aromatics such as toluene and benzene System solvents
- ether solvents such as 1,4-dioxane and dieth
- the total amount of these solvents used is usually about 0.5 to 15 times by mass with respect to the monomer of the repeating unit (A).
- the chain transfer agent include mercaptoethanol, thioglycerol, tert-dodecyl mercaptan, and the like.
- the copolymerization reaction time is usually about 0.5 to 24 hours, and the reaction temperature may be appropriately selected below the boiling point of the solvent, but is usually about 0 to 120 ° C.
- the removal of the protective group of the carboxyl group of the repeating unit (A), for example, the tert-butyl group can be easily performed by trifluoroacetic acid treatment.
- the copolymer of the present invention does not generate fluorescence in the absence of calcium ions or the like, and generates strong fluorescence depending on the concentration of calcium ions. This is because the carboxyl group in the copolymer binds to the polyvalent metal ion to form a cross-linked structure, and thus the group having the aggregation-induced light emission ability generates fluorescence due to aggregation. Moreover, since the copolymer of this invention which has a repeating unit (C) is gelatinized, it can fix to a specific location and can measure a polyvalent metal ion stably for a long period of time.
- C repeating unit
- the copolymer of the present invention reacts with a polyvalent metal ion such as calcium to produce fluorescence as shown in the examples described later, it is useful as various polyvalent metal ion sensors.
- the copolymer of the present invention is useful as a device for detecting polyvalent metal ions because the fluorescence disappears in the presence of a chelating agent and the generation of fluorescence is reversible.
- the copolymer having the repeating unit (C) is in the form of a gel and is useful as a multivalent metal ion sensor that is stable over a long period of time.
- the copolymer of the present invention is formed on a substrate.
- a copolymer on a base material it is preferable to copolymerize the monomer that becomes the repeating unit (A) and the monomer that becomes the repeating unit (B) on the base material.
- it is produced by introducing an ⁇ -bromo- ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylacetate group on a substrate and then surface-initiating copolymerization of a monomer that becomes a repeating unit (A) and a monomer that becomes a repeating unit (B). can do.
- the copolymer of the present invention having a repeating unit (C) is a gel
- it can be used as it is as a polyvalent metal ion sensor, or it can be used as an ion sensor device by gel polymerization on a substrate.
- you can also.
- the gel formed from the copolymer of the present invention can detect calcium in a concentration range close to the extracellular calcium concentration of the order of mM, it can be applied to a device that detects the calcium concentration outside the cell. That is, it is considered that a flexible calcium sensor can be constructed in combination with an organic light emitting diode (OLED) or an organic solar cell (OPV) on a flexible substrate. In addition, by integrating them, it is possible to construct a calcium sensing device with a large area.
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- OOV organic solar cell
- examples of the substrate include glass, a transparent resin film, a transparent resin needle, and the like.
- examples of the transparent resin material include polyesters such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- the concentration of polyvalent metal ions in the sample can be determined.
- the sample include body fluids such as blood, plasma, serum, lymph, urine, and various tissues in the case of calcium ions.
- polyvalent metal ions other than calcium ions include heavy metal ions such as zinc, lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, chromium, manganese, arsenic, and cobalt. In the case of these heavy metal ions, river water, lake water, various environmental waters such as drainage, soil and the like can be mentioned.
- the measurement is performed by measuring the generated fluorescence by irradiating the device with excitation light after contacting the device and the sample. Therefore, the fluorescence measurement kit includes the device, the excitation light irradiator, and the fluorescence measurement device. To quantify the polyvalent metal ion concentration from the obtained fluorescence intensity, it is easy to use a calibration curve prepared in advance.
- Example 1 In an argon gas atmosphere, zinc powder (15.6 g) and 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran were charged into a reaction vessel. TiCl 4 (13.2 ml) was slowly added with a syringe cooled to ⁇ 5 to 0 ° C. and maintained below 10 ° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hours and heated to reflux for 2.5 hours. The mixture was cooled again to ⁇ 5 to 0 ° C., pyridine (5.0 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes.
- Example 2 (1) p-hydroxy TPE obtained in Example 1 (21.3 mg, 5 mol%), tert-butyl acrylate (146 ⁇ L, 95 mol%) and 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) A solution of dimethylformamide (1 ml) was deoxygenated three times using vacuum / argon gas. The mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 12 hours, cooled to room temperature, and evaporated to give 156 mg of (p-hydroxy TPE acrylate) 0.05- (tert-butyl acrylate) 9.95 -copolymer.
- AIBN 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile)
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 2 (1), (p-hydroxy TPE acrylate) 0.01- (tert-butyl acrylate) 9.99 -copolymer was obtained.
- 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 , 293 K) ⁇ 6.78-7.15, 2.08-2.35, 1.71-1.89, 1.20-1.62 ppm.
- FT-IR ⁇ 2980, 2936, 1731, 1481, 1458, 1394, 1368, 1258, 1148, 1035, 909, 847, 752, 701, 471, 435cm -1 .
- M n 21000
- M w 29000
- PDI 1.36 (GPC: eluent; DMF, PSt standards).
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 2 (1), (p-hydroxy TPE acrylate) 0.02- (tert-butyl acrylate) 0.80 -copolymer was obtained.
- 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 , 293 K) ⁇ 6.45-7.24, 0.60-2.76 ppm.
- FT-IR ⁇ 3439, 3055, 2978, 2933, 2360, 1757, 1728, 1599, 1503, 1493, 1408, 1444, 1393, 1368, 1256, 1200, 1149, 1075, 1031, 1018, 846, 762 , 749, 700, 614, 572, 473, 430cm -1 .
- M n 34,000
- M w 67,000
- PDI 1.98 (GPC: eluent; DMF, PSt standards).
- Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 2 (1), (p-hydroxy TPE acrylate) 0.50- (tert-butyl acrylate) 0.50 -copolymer was obtained.
- 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 , 293 K) ⁇ 6.50-7.20, 1.05-2.95 ppm.
- FT-IR ⁇ 3440, 3054, 3022, 2977, 2932, 2360, 1757, 1727, 1599, 1502, 1493, 1444, 1393, 1368, 1251, 1200, 1165, 1147, 1075, 1030, 1018, 845 , 762, 748, 699, 614, 572, 496cm -1 .
- M n 18,000
- M w 35,000
- PDI 1.95 (GPC: eluent; DMF, PSt standards).
- Example 2 The structure and properties of the copolymer obtained in Example 5 are shown in Table 1.
- transition metal ions include those that increase the fluorescence intensity when added to poly-1 0.05 , such as Zn 2+ , and those that decrease the fluorescence intensity, such as Fe 2+ .
- EDTA was added to the poly-1 0.05 to Ca 2+ was added.
- EDTA was added to 1.0 mM with respect to poly-1 0.05 to which 1.0 mM Ca 2+ was added, and changes in the fluorescence spectrum were observed (FIG. 6).
- Example 8 (Change of Ca 2+ sensing ability due to change in composition of Poly-1)
- poly-1 0.01 , poly-1 0.05 , poly-1 0.20 The response behavior of poly-1 0.50 to Ca 2+ was examined.
- poly-1 0.20 and poly-1 0.50 are more hydrophobic than poly-1 0.01 and poly-1 0.05 , and there are few carboxylic acid sites that interact with Ca 2+ and cause aggregation of polymer chains. It is thought that it comes from. That is, it was found that the detection range of the Ca 2+ concentration changes by changing the composition of poly-1.
- Example 9 (Change of Ca 2+ sensing ability by Poly-1 0.05 concentration change) The change in the Ca 2+ sensing ability of poly-1 due to the difference in the concentration of Poly-1 0.05 was examined. Therefore, CaCl 2 was added to three types of poly-1 0.05 solutions having different concentrations of (a) 5 mg / L, (b) 10 mg / L, and (c) 50 mg / L, and changes in the fluorescence spectrum were observed. .
- FIG. 11 shows a graph in which the horizontal axis of FIG. 10 is converted into the ratio of the amount of Ca 2+ to the carboxylic acid (COOH) at the PAA site.
- the ratio of the amount of Ca 2+ to the carboxylic acid (COOH) whose fluorescence intensity is saturated is different when the concentration of poly-1 0.05 is different even if the amount ratio of the polymer and Ca 2+ is normalized. . That is, poly-1 0.05 at a concentration of 5 mg / L is saturated in fluorescence intensity when the ratio of Ca 2+ to carboxylic acid (COOH) is about 10, whereas poly-1 0.05 at a concentration of 50 mg / L is carboxylic. It is saturated when the amount of Ca 2+ with respect to the acid (COOH) is 50-100.
- Example 10 (Effect of introduction of hydrophilic group into TPE) A calcium sensor having a dimethylamino group and having a maximum fluorescence wavelength near 546 nm was constructed.
- the acrylate monomer and polymer having dimethylaminated TPE were synthesized as follows.
- FT-IR ⁇ 3449, 3083, 3035, 2921, 2889, 2802, 1746, 1608, 1519, 1444, 1402, 1354, 1294, 1248, 1198, 1166, 1153, 1126, 1065, 1018, 976, 946, 902 , 818, 768, 739, 700, 589, 471, 454, 432, 420 cm -1 .
- Example 11 (Immobilization to a substrate)
- the polymer surface initiated polymerization it is possible to immobilize the substrate using the (SIP S urface- I nitiated P olymerization ) method.
- the immobilization method to the glass substrate will be described.
- the RAFT agent that can be immobilized on the substrate is prepared.
- deoxygenated 3 times using reduced pressure / argon gas.
- the mixture is stirred at 80 ° C. for 12 hours, and the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a RAFT agent having a trimethoxysilyl group.
- the substrate is immersed in toluene as a RAFT agent having 0.01 mol / L of a tritrimethoxysilyl group and allowed to stand at 80 ° C. for 16 hours.
- the system is returned to room temperature, the substrate is taken out, washed with toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, methanol, acetone and dried under vacuum to obtain a glass substrate on which the RAFT initiating group is immobilized.
- Example 12 In addition to the SIP method, the polymer can be insolubilized by gelation.
- Example 13 The photopolymerization initiator was changed from 1 mol% of AIBN to 2 mol% of 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one (IRGACURE651, BASF) and polymerized by irradiation with white light. As a result, a gel similar to that in Example 12 was obtained.
- Example 14 In the same manner as in Example 13, the ratio of each monomer was changed and gel polymerization was performed to obtain a copolymer.
- Table 2 shows the relationship among the structure, molar ratio, and swelling degree of the obtained copolymer.
- Example 15 (1) The Ca 2+ sensing ability of the copolymer obtained in Example 13 was evaluated.
- AIBN thermal polymerization initiator
- the fluorescence quantum yield hardly changed even when calcium was added.
- the gel prepared at a polymerization concentration of 2.0 M showed a significantly higher degree of swelling as z was smaller.
- gel-1e and f showed almost no change in the fluorescence quantum yield, but gel-1g and h showed a fluorescence quantum yield with the addition of calcium.
- the yield increased significantly.
- the gel prepared by diluting the polymerization concentration and having a polymerization concentration of 1.5 M showed a higher degree of swelling.
- gel-1j having a higher degree of swelling significantly increased the fluorescence quantum yield with the addition of calcium. The higher the degree of swelling, the higher the mobility of the polymer chain in the gel, and it is considered that the fluorescence quantum yield changed greatly.
- Example 17 (Calcium sensing in water)
- the fluorescence quantum yield decreased to the initial value by decreasing the calcium concentration around the gel. Thereafter, the fluorescence quantum yield of the gel was also raised and lowered with good reproducibility by raising and lowering the concentration of the surrounding calcium concentration (FIG. 17).
- FIG. 18 shows a conceptual diagram for constructing a flexible sensor in combination with OLED or OPV on a flexible substrate.
- 1-NMe 2 is polymerized in the same manner as in Example 2 (1, 2), and polyacrylic acid (poly-1) having dimethylaminated tetraphenylethene as a fluorescent moiety is obtained. -NMe 2 ) was synthesized.
- poly-2-NMe 2 Yellow solid 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) ⁇ 6.72-7.15, 6.38-6.56, 2.79-2.92, 2.09-2.50, 2.34-2.98 ppm.
- FT-IR (KBr) ⁇ 3437, 2979, 2933, 1730, 1609, 1521, 1480, 1450, 1393, 1367, 1256, 1149, 846, 752, 700, 472 cm -1 .
- poly-1-NMe 2 Yellow solid: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) ⁇ 6.79-7.37, 2.28-2.57, 1.36-2.14 ppm.
- FT-IR (KBr) ⁇ 3448, 2959, 1719, 1509, 1451, 1411, 1251, 1197, 800, 723, 704 cm -1 .
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Abstract
Description
〔2〕繰り返し単位(A)が、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、及びスチレンカルボン酸から選ばれるモノマー由来の繰り返し単位である〔1〕記載のコポリマー。
〔7〕多価金属イオン蛍光検出用コポリマーである〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかに記載のコポリマー。
〔8〕さらに、多官能性モノマーに由来する繰り返し単位(C)を有する〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれかのコポリマー。
〔9〕繰り返し単位(C)を0.1~10モル%含有する〔8〕記載のコポリマー。
〔10〕繰り返し単位(C)が、2以上の重合性ビニル基を有するモノマー由来の繰り返し単位である〔8〕又は〔9〕記載のコポリマー。
〔11〕〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載のコポリマーを有する多価金属イオン検出用デバイス。
〔12〕固体基材上に〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載のコポリマーが固定化されている〔11〕記載の多価金属イオン検出用デバイス。
〔13〕固体基材上への〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載のコポリマーの固定化手段が、固体基材と前記コポリマーとの共有結合によるものである〔12〕記載の多価金属イオン検出用デバイス。
〔14〕〔1〕~〔13〕のいずれかに記載のデバイスに、試料を接触させ、蛍光強度を測定することを特徴とする試料中の多価金属イオン濃度の定量法。
〔15〕次式(3)で示される化合物。
で表される主鎖が好ましい。
凝集誘起発光能を示すエステル残基としては、次式(1)又は(2)で示される化合物由来の基が挙げられる。
で表される主鎖が好ましい。
直鎖又は分岐鎖アルキレンポリアクリルアミドとしては、炭素数1~4の直鎖又は分岐鎖アルキレンポリアクリルアミドが好ましく、メチレンビスアクリルアミド、エチレンビスアクリルアミド、プロピレンビスアクリルアミド等が挙げられる。また、ポリオールジアクリルアミドとしては、(1,2-ジヒドロキシエチレン)ビスアクリルアミド等が挙げられる。ジビニルベンゼン類としては、オルト-、メタ-又はパラ-ジビニルベンゼン等が挙げられる。
また、繰り返し単位(C)の含有率によってゲルの膨潤度が上昇し、当該膨潤度はCa2+センシング能の点から、340%以上が好ましく、340~1500%がより好ましく、500~1500%がさらに好ましい。
本発明のコポリマーは、例えば繰り返し単位(A)となるモノマー及び繰り返し単位(B)となるモノマー、さらに必要に応じて繰り返し単位(C)となるモノマーをラジカル共重合させればよい。また、カルボキシル基が保護された繰り返し単位(A)となるモノマーと、繰り返し単位(B)となるモノマーと、必要に応じて繰り返し単位(C)となるモノマーとをラジカル共重合させた後、繰り返し単位(A)のカルボキシル基の保護基を脱離させる方法も挙げられる。
前記ラジカル共重合反応は、重合開始剤の存在下に行なわれる。上記重合開始剤としては、例えば、2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)、ジメチル2,2’-アゾビス(2-メチルプロピオネート)、2,2’-アゾビス(4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル等のアゾ系開始剤;2,2-ジメトキシ-1,2-ジフェニルエタン-1-オン等の光重合開始剤;ジ(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノイル)パーオキサイド、過酸化ベンゾイル等の過酸化物が挙げられ、これら重合開始剤は1種を単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
重合開始剤の合計使用量は、繰り返し単位(A)のモノマーに対し、通常0.0002~0.2質量倍程度である。
また、上記連鎖移動剤としては、メルカプトエタノール、チオグリセロール、tert-ドデシルメルカプタン等が挙げられる。
また、共重合反応時間は通常0.5~24時間程度であり、反応温度は、溶媒の沸点以下で適宜選択すればよいが、通常0~120℃程度である。
また、繰り返し単位(C)を有する本発明のコポリマーは、ゲルであるためそのまま多価金属イオンセンサとして利用できる他、基材上でゲル重合させて固定化することにより、イオンセンサデバイスとすることもできる。本発明のコポリマーにより形成されるゲルはmMオーダーという細胞外カルシウム濃度に近い濃度範囲でのカルシウムセンシングが可能であることから、細胞外でカルシウム濃度を検出する、デバイスへの応用が可能である。すなわち、フレキシブル基板上で有機発光ダイオード(OLED)や有機太陽電池(OPV)と組み合わせてフレキシブルカルシウムセンサーが構築可能であると考えられる。また、それを集積することにより大面積のカルシウムセンシングデバイスの構築も可能になる。
(1)アルゴンガス雰囲気下、亜鉛粉末(15.6g)及びテトラヒドロフラン200mlを反応容器に投入した。-5~0℃に冷却し、10℃以下に維持したシリンジでTiCl4(13.2ml)をゆっくり添加した。混合物を室温にて0.5時間攪拌し、2.5時間加熱還流した。再び-5~0℃に冷却し、ピリジン(5.0ml)を加え10分攪拌した。p-ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン(4.80g)及びベンゾフェノン(5.28g)のテトラヒドロフラン(30ml)溶液をシリンジでゆっくり加えた。添加後、反応混合物を70℃に加熱し、TLCで原料がなくなるまで還流した。10%K2CO3水溶液を加え、次いでジクロロメタンを加えた。有機相を水及び食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥後、減圧で乾固し、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(CHCl3)で精製し、p-ヒドロキシテトラフェニルエチレン(p-ヒドロキシTPE)を2.76g(収率32%)得た。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 6.98-7.15(m,15H), 6.89(dd,J=8.68,2.07Hz,2H), 6.56(dd,J=8.76,2.23Hz,2H), 4.63(s,1H)ppm.
1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ7.01-7.11(m,15H), 6.89(d,J=9.0Hz,2H), 6.56(dd,J=17.3,1.3Hz,1H), 6.27(dd,J=10.5,17.3Hz,1H), 5.99(dd,J=10.5,1.3Hz,1H)ppm.
13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3, 293K) δ 164.3, 149.0, 143.7, 143.6, 143.5, 141.4, 141.3,140.0, 132.4, 132.3, 131.4, 131.3, 128.1, 127.9, 127.8, 127.7, 126.6, 126.5, 120.7ppm.
FT-IR(KBr) ν 3076, 3054, 3024, 1756, 1677, 1599, 1502, 1443, 1356, 1200, 1166, 1140, 1017, 763, 748, 699, 613, 572, 498 cm-1.
HRMS(FAB)Cald for C29H22O2[M]+m/z=402.1620, Found:m/z=402.167
(1)実施例1で得たp-ヒドロキシTPE(21.3mg,5モル%)、tert-ブチルアクリレート(146μL,95モル%)及び2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)(AIBN)のジメチルホルムアミド(1ml)溶液を、減圧/アルゴンガスを使用して3回脱酸素した。60℃で12時間攪拌し、室温まで冷却し、溶媒留去して、(p-ヒドロキシTPEアクリレート)0.05-(tert-ブチルアクリレート)9.95-コポリマーを156mg得た。
1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ 6.79-7.11, 2.05-2.39, 1.71-1.86, 1.20-1.63ppm.
FT-IR(KBr) ν 2979, 2935, 1731, 1481, 1457, 1393, 1368, 1257, 1149, 1034, 909, 846, 751, 701, 471, 430cm-1.
Mn=24,000, Mw=44,000, PDI=1.86(GPC : eluent ; DMF, PSt standards).
1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD, 293 K) δ 6.79-7.21, 2.28-2.65, 1.40-2.22 ppm.
FT-IR(KBr) ν 2961, 2361, 1716, 1503, 1454, 1417, 1249, 1168, 802, 701, 614, 503, 414 cm-1.
(1)実施例2(1)と同様にして、(p-ヒドロキシTPEアクリレート)0.01-(tert-ブチルアクリレート)9.99-コポリマーを得た。
1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ 6.78-7.15, 2.08-2.35, 1.71-1.89, 1.20-1.62ppm.
FT-IR (KBr) ν 2980, 2936, 1731, 1481, 1458, 1394, 1368, 1258, 1148, 1035, 909, 847, 752, 701, 471, 435cm-1.
Mn=21000, Mw=29000, PDI=1.36 (GPC : eluent ; DMF, PSt standards).
FT-IR(KBr) ν 2961, 2349, 1717, 1456, 1417, 1253, 1169, 802, 701, 617, 511, 463,436, 404cm-1.
(1)実施例2(1)と同様にして、(p-ヒドロキシTPEアクリレート)0.02-(tert-ブチルアクリレート)0.80-コポリマーを得た。
1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ 6.45-7.24, 0.60-2.76ppm.
FT-IR(KBr) ν 3439, 3055, 2978, 2933, 2360, 1757, 1728, 1599, 1503, 1493, 1408, 1444, 1393, 1368, 1256, 1200, 1149, 1075, 1031, 1018, 846, 762, 749, 700, 614, 572, 473, 430cm-1.
Mn=34,000, Mw=67,000, PDI=1.98(GPC : eluent ; DMF, PSt standards).
1H NMR(400MHz, CD3OD, 293 K) δ 6.62-7.21, 1.10-2.79ppm.
FT-IR(KBr) ν 3054, 2932, 2362, 1718, 1599, 1502, 1444, 1406, 1198, 1166, 1075, 1030, 1017, 803, 763, 748, 699, 613, 572cm-1.
(1)実施例2(1)と同様にして、(p-ヒドロキシTPEアクリレート)0.50-(tert-ブチルアクリレート)0.50-コポリマーを得た。
1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ 6.50-7.20, 1.05-2.95ppm.
FT-IR(KBr) ν 3440, 3054, 3022, 2977, 2932, 2360, 1757, 1727, 1599, 1502, 1493, 1444, 1393, 1368, 1251, 1200, 1165, 1147, 1075, 1030, 1018, 845, 762, 748, 699, 614, 572, 496cm-1.
Mn=18,000, Mw=35,000, PDI=1.95(GPC : eluent ; DMF, PSt standards).
1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ 6.39-7.24, 0.65-3.05ppm.
FT-IR(KBr) ν 3438, 3053, 3024, 2931, 2361, 1950, 1752, 1599, 1576, 1502, 1493, 1444, 1199, 1166, 1075, 1030, 1017, 762, 749, 698, 613, 572, 496cm-1.
Poly-10.05の溶解性を調べたところ、メタノールに対しては溶解性を示すが、水には不溶であることが分かった。本発明では、生体内でのCa2+認識を目的にしているため、水系で実験を行う必要があったが、ここではまずメタノールと水の混合溶媒系での実験を行うことにした。
そこで、様々な組成比のメタノール/水混合溶媒(メタノール/水=100/0~メタノール/水=1/99)中で、poly-10.05のUVスペクトル、蛍光スペクトルを測定した。
UV-visスペクトルにおいて、水を加えていくに従い、沈殿形成に伴う光散乱が観測されたが、それ以外に大きな変化は観測されなかった。
一方、蛍光スペクトルにおいては大きな変化が観測された(図1)。すなわちpoly-10.05は、メタノール100%溶液において蛍光性はほとんど観測されなかったが、水を加えるに従い蛍光性が大きく上昇した。
以降の実験では、メタノール/水=5/5の混合溶媒でCa2+との反応性を評価した。
(1)前述の通り、poly-10.05は水に不溶であるため、メタノール/水=5/5の混合溶媒にpoly-10.05を溶解させ、Ca2+を添加した時の蛍光挙動の変化について検討した。具体的には、10mg/Lのpoly-10.05溶液に対し、CaCl2を少量ずつ添加したときの、蛍光スペクトルを観察した。その蛍光スペクトルの変化は、図2に、Ca2+濃度に対して、極大蛍光波長(λmax=465nm)における蛍光強度をプロットした。
アルカリ土類金属においては、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+の順にイオン半径が大きくなるが、poly-10.05の応答性はおよそこの順になっており、イオン半径の大きいアルカリ土類金属イオンほどpoly-10.05と強く相互作用し、ポリマーの凝集を促進することが示唆された。遷移金属であるZn2+の添加による蛍光スペクトルの変化は、Ca2+に比べ大きかった。一方、Fe2+の添加によりpoly-10.05の蛍光強度は減少していったため、Fe2+は消光剤として働くことが考えられる。このように遷移金属イオンではZn2+のようにpoly-10.05に添加することで蛍光強度を上昇させるものと、Fe2+のように蛍光強度を減少させるものがあることが分かった。
TPE部位とポリアクリル酸部位の組成比の違いによって、poly-1のCa2+センシング能にどのような影響があるのか調べるために、poly-10.01、poly-10.05、poly-10.20、poly-10.50のCa2+に対する応答挙動について検討した。まず、様々な組成比のメタノールと水の混合溶媒、またはDMFと水の混合溶媒を用いて、poly-10.01、poly-10.05、poly-10.20、poly-10.50の蛍光スペクトルの変化を観測した。poly-10.50はメタノールに溶解しなかったため、DMF/水混合溶媒を用いた。そこで図7(a)~(d)に、メタノール/水またはDMF/水混合溶媒中の水の組成比に対して、極大蛍光波長(λmax=465nm)における蛍光強度をプロットしたグラフを示す。
そこで、組成比の異なるpoly-10.01、poly-10.05、poly-10.20、poly-10.50に対して、メタノール/水=1/1またはDMF/水=1/1の混合溶媒を用いてCaCl2を添加していき、蛍光スペクトルの変化を観測した。図8に、Ca2+濃度に対して、極大蛍光波長(λmax=465nm)における飽和値で規格化した蛍光強度をプロットしたグラフを示す。
そこで低含水条件において、poly-10.20、poly-10.50のCa2+滴定実験を行った。メタノール/水=8/2またはDMF/水=8/2の混合溶媒中では蛍光強度は飽和していないことが分かる(図7(c),(d))。そこでこの組成比の混合溶媒中のpoly-10.20、poly-10.50に対してCaCl2を添加し蛍光スペクトル変化を観測した。図9に、Ca2+濃度に対して、極大蛍光波長(λmax=465nm)における蛍光強度をプロットしたグラフを示す。
また、poly-10.01、poly-10.05のCa2+濃度の検出範囲が0mM~1.0mMであるのに対し(図8)、poly-10.20、poly-10.50はCa2+濃度の検出範囲は0mM~0.1mMであることも分かる(図9)。これは、poly-10.20、poly-10.50がpoly-10.01、poly-10.05に比べより疎水的であることや、Ca2+と相互作用しポリマー鎖の凝集を引き起こすカルボン酸部位が少ないことに由来するものと考えられる。つまり、poly-1の組成を変えることによって、Ca2+濃度の検出範囲が変化することが分かった。
Poly-10.05の濃度の違いによって、poly-1のCa2+センシング能にどのような変化があるか検討した。そこで(a)5mg/L、(b)10mg/L、(c)50mg/Lの濃度の異なる3種類のpoly-10.05の溶液に対してCaCl2を添加し、蛍光スペクトルの変化を観測した。図10に、Ca2+濃度に対して、極大蛍光波長(λmax=465nm)における飽和時の蛍光強度で規格化した蛍光強度をプロットしたグラフをに示す。
そこで、図10の横軸をPAA部位のカルボン酸(COOH)に対するCa2+量の比に変換したグラフを図11に示す。
この考えに基づくと、poly-10.05に塩基や酸を添加し、カルボン酸(COOH)の解離度を変化させることで、Ca2+センシング挙動も変化すると考えられる。そこで0.1mMもしくは1.0mMのCa2+が添加されたpoly-10.05にTFAまたはトリエチルアミンを加え、蛍光スペクトルの変化を観察した。図12にその蛍光スペクトルを示す。
ジメチルアミノ基を有し、546nm付近に極大蛍光波長を有するカルシウムセンサーの構築を行った。
ジメチルアミノ化TPEを有するアクリレートモノマー、およびポリマーは以下のようにして合成した。
この粗精製物(43.4mg)及びトリエチルアミン(56μL)のジクロロメタン(0.5ml)溶液を0℃に冷却し、アクリロイルクロリド(16μL)のジクロロメタン5ml溶液を滴下した。反応混合物を、TLCで原料がなくなるまで室温で3時間攪拌した。反応液に炭酸水素ナトリウムを加え、さらにジクロロメタンを加えた。有機相を水及び食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥後、減圧で乾固した。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(CHCl3:MeOH=99:1)で精製し、4-ヒドロキシ-4’,4”-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)テトラフェニルエチレン アクリレート42.7mg(4’,4”-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)TPE-アクリレート)(2段階収率12%)を得た。
1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ 7.03-7.26 (m, 7H), 6.87-6.91 (m, 6H), 6.56 (dd,J = 17.29, 1.32 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 8.96 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (d, J = 8.96 Hz, 2H), 6.28 (dd, J = 17.29, 1.32 Hz, 1H), 5.96 (dd, J = 10.44, 1.32 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (s, 6H), 2.88 (s, 6H) ppm
13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ 164.4, 148.9, 148.9, 148.3, 145.0, 142.9, 141.7, 135.9, 132.5, 132.4, 132.2, 132.0, 131.6, 128.2, 127.6, 125.6, 120.4, 111.5, 111.4, 40.4 ppm.
FT-IR: ν 3449, 3083, 3035, 2921, 2889, 2802, 1746, 1608, 1519, 1444, 1402, 1354, 1294, 1248, 1198, 1166, 1153, 1126, 1065, 1018, 976, 946, 902, 818, 768, 739, 700, 589, 471, 454, 432, 420 cm-1.
1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3, 293 K) δ 6.72-7.16 (m), 6.35-6.53 (m), 2.80-2.95 (m), 2.12-2.45 (m), 1.14-1.93 (m) ppm.
FT-IR(KBr) ν3437, 2978, 2933, 1729, 1609, 1520, 1480, 1450, 1393, 1367, 1256, 1149, 947, 845, 752, 700, 578, 471, 449, 418 cm-1.
Mn=24,000, Mw=44,000, PDI=1.86(GPC : eluent ; DMF, PSt standards).
1H NMR δ 6.83-7.21 (m), 3.01-3.24 (m), 2.31-2.60 (m), 1.45-2.18 (m) ppm
FT-IR (KBr) ν 3448, 2959, 1719, 1509, 1451, 1411, 1250, 1196, 1018, 901, 800, 723, 703, 605, 579, 521, 482, 443, 418 cm-1
このポリマーは表面開始重合(SIP: Surface-Initiated Polymerization)法を用いて基材へ固定化することも可能である。ここではガラス基板への固定化方法について説明する。まず、基板への固定化が可能なRAFT剤を調整する。トリメトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレート(298mg)、2-シアノ-2-プロピルドデシルトリチオカルボナート(105mg)、2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)(AIBN,16mg)をトルエン(1.0ml)溶液に溶解させ、減圧/アルゴンガスを使用して3回脱酸素した。80℃で12時間撹拌し、溶媒を減圧留去することによってトリメトキシシリル基を有するRAFT剤を得る。
硫酸、塩酸、UVオゾンクリーナーで対象となるガラス基板をよく洗浄する。0.01モル/Lのシトリメトキシシリル基を有するRAFT剤のトルエンに基板を浸漬し80℃で16時間静置する。系を室温に戻し基板を取り出し、トルエン、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルホルムアミド、メタノール、アセトンで洗浄し、真空下で乾燥させることにより、RAFT開始基が固定化されたガラス基板を得る。
SIP法のほかにも、ゲル化によってもポリマーを不溶化させることができる。TPE-アクリレート(20.1mg,5モル%)、アクリル酸(61.7μL,90モル%)、テトラエチレングリコールビスアクリレート(15.1mg,5モル%)及び2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)(AIBN)のジメチルホルムアミド(0.5ml)溶液を、減圧/アルゴンガスを使用して3回脱酸素した。60℃で12時間攪拌することによって不溶の固体が得られる。この固体を、ジメチルホルムアミド、テトラヒドロフラン、メタノール、アセトンで基板を洗浄することによって目的のゲルを得た。(FT-IR (KBr) ν2934, 1729, 1645, 1444, 1388, 1254, 1167, 1106, 807, 702, 669 cm-1.)
このゲルをメタノール/水=1/1混合溶液中に浸漬し、カルシウムクロリドを添加しながら蛍光量子収率を測定して行ったところ、カルシウムクロリドを添加するに従って、蛍光量子収率は上昇し、カルシウムセンサーとして機能することが分かった。
光重合開始剤をAIBN 1モル%から2,2-ジメトキシ-1,2-ジフェニルエタン-1-オン(IRGACURE651、BASF社)2モル%に代え、白色光を照射して重合した。その結果、実施例12と同様のゲルが得られた。
実施例13と同様の方法で、各モノマーの比率を変化させて、ゲル重合してコポリマーを得た。得られたコポリマーの構造とモル比と膨潤度の関係を表2に示す。ここで膨潤度は、HEPES buffer(pH7.4)/メタノール=1/1の混合溶媒を用いてゲルを30分間膨潤させた時の膨潤度を示す。
(1)実施例13で得られたコポリマーのCa2+センシング能を評価した。HEPES buffer/メタノール=1/1の混合溶媒に30分膨潤させたgel-10.01~gel-10.10にCa2+を添加し実施例7と同様にして蛍光量子収率を測定した。その結果を図13に示す。
図13から、zのモル比が0.05モル(5モル%)以下で、蛍光量子収率が変化し、Ca2+の測定が可能であることがわかる。
実施例12と同様に、重合開始剤としてAIBN(熱重合開始剤)を用い、架橋剤であるモノマー(C)のモル比を変化させてゲル重合を行った。その結果、架橋剤のモル比が1~5モル%(z=0.01~0.05)の範囲で、ゲル化し、かつCa2+センシング能に優れたコポリマーが得られた。また、膨潤度が340%以上、さらに340~1500%、特に500~1500%のゲルがCa2+センシング能に優れていた。
膨潤度の高いゲルほどゲル中の高分子鎖の運動性が高いために、蛍光量子収率の大きな変化が起ったものと考えられる。
また、gel-1jは、HEPES buffer(pH7.4)/メタノール=1/1中だけではなく、HEPES buffer(pH7.4)中でもカルシウムセンシング能を示した(図16)。また、ゲルの周囲のカルシウム濃度を減少させることにより、蛍光量子収率は初期値まで減少した。その後も、周囲のカルシウム濃度の濃度を上下させることにより、ゲルの蛍光量子収率も再現性良く上下した(図17)。
(1)フレキシブル基板上でOLEDやOPVと組み合わせてフレキシブルセンサーを構築する概念図を図18に示す。
このようなOLED、OPVと組み合わせた際には励起光、蛍光の波長の調節も重要である。このような場合、蛍光性部位の化学構造を変化させることにより調節可能である。
例えば、テトラフェニルエテンにジメチルアミノ基を二つ導入した誘導体は、無置換のそれよりも長波長側に吸収と蛍光を有する。そこで我々は、ジメチルアミノ基を有するテトラフェニルエテンにビニル基を導入したモノマー1-NMe2を合成した。
Yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.00 - 7.15 (m, 7H), 6.85 - 6.93 (m, 6H), 6.56 (dd, J = 17.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 4H), 6.27 (dd, J = 10.5, 17.3 Hz, 1H), 5.99 (dd, J = 10.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 12H) ppm.
FT-IR (KBr) ν 3469, 3034, 2886, 2801, 1747, 1608, 1520, 1444, 1403, 1354, 1294, 1249, 1167, 1065, 1017, 977, 947, 903, 819, 768, 740, 702, 580, 538 cm-1.
HRMS (FAB) Calcd for C33H32N2O2 [M]+ m/z = 488.2464. Found: m/z = 488.2470.
Yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.72 - 7.15, 6.38 - 6.56, 2.79 - 2.92, 2.09 - 2.50, 2.34 - 2.98 ppm.
FT-IR (KBr) ν 3437, 2979, 2933, 1730, 1609, 1521, 1480, 1450, 1393, 1367, 1256, 1149, 846, 752, 700, 472 cm-1.
Yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.79 - 7.37, 2.28 - 2.57, 1.36 - 2.14 ppm.
FT-IR (KBr) ν 3448, 2959, 1719, 1509, 1451, 1411, 1251, 1197, 800, 723, 704 cm-1.
これらの結果よりAIE部位の構造を変えることにより吸収波長(励起波長)、蛍光波長(検出波長)を変化させることが可能であり、様々なOLED、OPVに対応できるカルシウムセンサーを設計できることがわかる。
Claims (15)
- 側鎖にカルボキシル基を有する繰り返し単位(A)と、側鎖に凝集誘起発光能を示すエステル残基を有するカルボキシレート基を有する繰り返し単位(B)とを有するコポリマー。
- 繰り返し単位(A)が、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、及びスチレンカルボン酸から選ばれるモノマー由来の繰り返し単位である請求項1記載のコポリマー。
- 繰り返し単位(B)が、次式(1)又は(2)で示される化合物由来のエステル残基を有する、アクリレート、メタクリレート、及びスチレンカルボキシレートから選ばれるモノマー由来の繰り返し単位である請求項1又は2記載のコポリマー。
- 式(1)又は(2)で表される化合物が、フェニル基上に1~5個の親水性基が置換していてもよい1-メチル-1,2,3,4,5-ペンタフェニルシロール、2,3,4,5-テトラフェニル-1,1-ジメチルシロール又はテトラフェニルエチレンである請求項3記載のコポリマー。
- 繰り返し単位(A)と繰り返し単位(B)のモル比(A/B)が、4~1000である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のコポリマー。
- 数平均分子量が10,000~1,000,000である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のコポリマー。
- 多価金属イオン蛍光検出用コポリマーである請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のコポリマー。
- さらに、多官能性モノマーに由来する繰り返し単位(C)を有する請求項1~7のいずれかのコポリマー。
- 繰り返し単位(C)を0.1~10モル%含有する請求項8記載のコポリマー。
- 繰り返し単位(C)が、2以上の重合性ビニル基を有するモノマー由来の繰り返し単位である請求項8又は9記載のコポリマー。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のコポリマーを有する多価金属イオン検出用デバイス。
- 固体基材上に請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のコポリマーが固定化されている請求項11記載の多価金属イオン検出用デバイス。
- 固体基材上への請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のコポリマーの固定化手段が、固体基材と前記コポリマーとの共有結合によるものである請求項12記載の多価金属イオン検出用デバイス。
- 請求項11~13のいずれかに記載のデバイスに、試料を接触させ、蛍光強度を測定することを特徴とする試料中の多価金属イオン濃度の定量法。
- 次式(3)で示される化合物。
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WO2018056454A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-03-29 | 国立大学法人埼玉大学 | Aie活性化合物を包含する蛍光性微粒子 |
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US20160169920A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
CN105473627A (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
JPWO2015015844A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
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EP3029079A4 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
EP3029079A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
JP6422869B2 (ja) | 2018-11-14 |
US10444249B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
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