Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
  • B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
  • B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
  • B65D51/22—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure
  • B65D51/221—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening
  • B65D51/222—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening the piercing or cutting means being integral with, or fixedly attached to, the outer closure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D35/00—Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor
  • B65D35/44—Closures
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
  • B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
  • B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
  • B65D51/22—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure
  • B65D51/221—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening
  • B65D51/222—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening the piercing or cutting means being integral with, or fixedly attached to, the outer closure
  • B65D51/225—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening the piercing or cutting means being integral with, or fixedly attached to, the outer closure and further comprising a device first inhibiting displacement of the outer closure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
  • B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
  • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
  • B65D2251/0006—Upper closure
  • B65D2251/0015—Upper closure of the 41-type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
  • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
  • B65D2251/0068—Lower closure
  • B65D2251/0093—Membrane

Definitions

• Receptacle and receptacle stopper especially a tube, in particular a flexible tube for a cosmetic product, provided with said stopper
• the present invention relates to a stopper and a receptacle, in particular a tube, in particular a flexible tube for a cosmetic product, provided with said stopper.
• Tubes provided with a lid associated with a perforating plug comprising a punch adapted to perforate said lid at the first use of the tube.
• the passage from one position to another is effected, for example, by removing a spacer ring disposed on the tube to hold the cap in the waiting position.
• the user removes the cap and the ring. He can then reposition the cap which, in the absence of the ring, sinks sufficiently into the tube so that the punch pierces the lid.
• Such a configuration requires the production of punches having a longitudinal extension sufficient to reach the lid so as to cut it during the first use and the punch must penetrate inside the neck, including in the waiting position.
• the distal end of the punch may then be damaged during the positioning of the cap on the neck, when plugging the tube at the factory. Indeed, if the cap is poorly centered on the tube, then the punch may be damaged, for example coming crashing against the neck, or even between the neck and an outer skirt of the cap. The punch may then be unable to perform its function during the first use of the tube.
• the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned problems and proposes for this purpose a plug for a receptacle, in particular a tube, in particular a flexible tube of cosmetic product, said receptacle comprising a neck and a solid insert forming a cap closing one end of the opening mouth.
• said stopper comprising a punch adapted to cut and / or pierce the lid, said cap being adapted to be positioned on said neck, in a waiting position in which the punch is in the neck. leaving the lid intact and in a position of use in which the lid has been cut and / or pierced by said punch, said punch comprising a shaped body was configured to cut and / or pierce said lid.
• the punch By giving the end of the punch a form of fut, the punch can remain effective even if a portion of the latter has been damaged against the walls of the neck during the introduction of the cap, in case of moderate decentering. In case of excessive decentering, it will have sufficient strength to prevent the introduction of the cap. This avoids the introduction of a plug whose punch would have been rendered inoperative.
• said punch comprises a transverse partition separating it into two cavities
• said partition is located in an upper half of the punch
• said partition is located in a lower half of the punch
• one of said cavities is intended to be turned towards the outside of the receptacle and / or the other of said cavities is formed by said fut,
• said one has a distal end provided with cutting means, said cutting means comprise a beveled shape of said distal end,
• said beveled shape extends all around the perimeter of the
• said punch has a wall whose thickness is greater than the thickness of said cutting means
• said cutting means comprise at least one cutting tooth, said cutting means comprise at least one cutting notch,
• said cutting means comprise a plurality of teeth and / or cutting notches, in particular at least two or even at least three or even at least four,
• said tooth or teeth and / or said cutting notch (s) are evenly distributed all around the circumference of the
• said cutting tooth or teeth have a height hd and said has an external diameter De, such that the ratio hd / De is less than 1/3, even 1/5 or even 1/10,
• said cap comprises a distal edge configured to abut against a spacer ring in the waiting position
• said punch comprises a projecting portion with respect to said distal edge, said projecting part having a height hp, such that the ratio hd / hp is less than 1/3, even 1/5, or even 1/10,
• the cutting edge or notches have a height h e, such that the he / De ratio is less than 1/3, even 1/5, or even 1/10,
• the one or more cutting notches are configured such that the ratio h / hp is less than 1/3, or even 1/5 or even 1/10,
• At least one of the teeth and / or one of the notches has a height hd or he different, each of the teeth and / or notches is of different height,
• said fut is configured to perform a partial cut of the insert to open said neck so that the lid remains connected to the uncut portion of the insert by a material bridge, in said position of use plug,
• said plug is adapted to be screwed onto said neck
• said plug is monobloc.
• the invention also relates to a receptacle, in particular a tube, in particular a tube of cosmetic product.
• a receptacle in particular a tube, in particular a tube of cosmetic product.
• This is, for example, a flexible tube.
• Said receptacle comprises a neck and a solid insert forming a seal closing one end of the neck opening into an interior volume of the receptacle. It further comprises a plug as described above.
• said neck has an inner diameter Di and said has an outer diameter De, such that the ratio De / Di is greater than 0.8, or even 0.9, - said was configured to penetrate said interior volume, in position use, a distance h greater than the distance necessary to achieve a deformation of the insert beyond the elastic deformation capabilities of said insert,
• said insert is a multilayer insert comprising a barrier layer coated on each of its faces with one or more protective layers and the penetration distance h of it in the receptacle is such that the h / De ratio is greater than 0.6, even at 0.7,
• said insert is attached to an inner wall of a body of said receptacle
• said receptacle comprises a removable spacer ring placed in abutment on the body of the receptacle around the neck, in the waiting position,
• said spacer ring comprises a plurality of ribs adapted to center the spacer ring around the neck
• said neck has an inner wall comprising at least one inclined zone with respect to a longitudinal axis of the neck, said inclined zone is situated on the side of an end of the neck opening towards the outside of the receptacle,
• said inclined zone approaches the longitudinal axis from the end of the neck emerging towards the outside of the receptacle towards the end of the neck opening into an interior volume of the receptacle, said inclined zone extends over less than 1/8 of the internal height of the neck, or even less than 1/10,
• said inclined zone forms a cone.
• said tube may comprise a tube head comprising said neck, a shoulder and said insert.
• Said removable spacer ring is advantageously arranged in support on the shoulder.
• Figure 1 shows in sectional view, in a diametral plane, an example of a receptacle portion, in this case a tube head, according to the invention, said tube head being illustrated without plug;
• Figure 2 shows Figure 1, an example of plug according to the invention being in the waiting position on the tube;
• Figure 3 shows Figure 2, the plug being in the use position
• Figure 4 is an elevational view showing an alternative embodiment of the cap of Figures 2 and 3 above;
• FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the part marked V in FIG. 4;
• Figure 6 is a sectional view showing an alternative embodiment of the cap of Figures 2 and 3 above;
• Figure 7 is an elevational view showing an alternative embodiment of the cap of Figures 2 and 3 above;
• FIG. 8 is another view showing the embodiment of the plug of Figures 7;
• FIG. 9 is a detailed view of the portion marked IX in FIG. 8.
• FIG. 10 is an elevational view showing an alternative embodiment of the cap of Figures 2 and 3 above;
• FIG. 11 is another view showing the alternative embodiment of the plug of FIG.
• the invention relates to a receptacle, in particular a tube, in particular a tube for a cosmetic product, for example a flexible tube.
• a receptacle in particular a tube, in particular a tube for a cosmetic product, for example a flexible tube.
• a head 2 of said tube is shown, with or without its cap 1.
• Said tube head 2 is intended to be connected to a skirt, not shown, of the tube, typically by overmolding the tube head 2 on the skirt, or for example by welding or gluing by assembling the skirt on the tube head 2 formed beforehand, in particular by injection or compression injection, or by any other technique.
• Said receptacle comprises a neck 3, defining a longitudinal axis 2.-2. and opening on the one hand outwards and on the other hand into an interior volume 4 of the receptacle.
• the neck 3 comprises, for example, a thread 6 on its outer periphery, adapted to allow the cap 1 to be screwed onto the neck 3.
• Said receptacle further comprises a solid insert 8 forming a lid closing the end of the neck 3 turned towards the inner volume 4. In other words, said lid closes said interior volume 4.
• Said insert 8 is, for example, in contact, in particular in support, against an inner wall 1 1 of said receptacle.
• the insert 8 comprises, for example, a peripheral section 10 and a central section 12, defining said cap, the diameter of which corresponds to the internal diameter of the neck 3.
• Said insert 8 is typically disk-shaped.
• its peripheral section 10 may be slightly frustoconical or comprise a planar zone surrounding the neck and, around said planar zone, one or more slightly frustoconical successive zones to its periphery which may be formed, for example, of a folded edge 13.
• Said insert 8 is preferably a multilayer insert comprising a barrier layer, for example formed of EVOH or metal, in particular aluminum, coated on each of its faces with one or more protective layers, in particular polymerized materials.
• said neck 3 and said insert 4 are provided at said tube head 2.
• the latter may further comprise, for example a shoulder 20, from said neck 3.
• the material of the tube head 2 surrounds at least partially said folded edge 13 of the insert 8 to protect it, in particular to protect the metal layer of said insert 8.
• said cap 1 is here adapted to be screwed onto said neck 3.
• said plug 1 may comprise an internal thread 16 adapted to cooperate with the thread 6 of the neck 3.
• Said plug has a longitudinal direction, corresponding to the longitudinal axis ZZ of the neck 3 when the cap 1 is screwed onto the neck 3.
• Said cap 1 comprises, for example, a peripheral wall 15 provided internally with said tapping 16.
• Said peripheral wall 15 may be provided with longitudinal grooves 18, located externally, in order to facilitate the manipulation ulation of the cap 1.
• Said cap 1 comprises a punch 14, adapted to cut and / or pierce the lid.
• Said cap 1 is configured to be positioned on said neck 3, in a standby position, illustrated in FIG. 2, in which the punch 14 is at least partly in the neck 3, leaving the cap intact.
• Said receptacle may comprise a spacer ring 22, removable, disposed in abutment on a body of the receptacle, here on the shoulder 20 of said tube head 2 around the neck 3, in the waiting position. It thus maintains a spacing between the cap 1 and the shoulder 20 when the cap 1 is screwed onto the neck 3 while waiting for the first use.
• the punch 14 then extends inside the neck 3, at a non-zero distance from the insert 8, thus preserving the lid from any cutting or perforation.
• Said spacer ring 22 may comprise a plurality of ribs adapted to allow its centering around the neck 3.
• Said ring 22 is preferably independent of said plug 1 so that said plug 1 can be removed from said receptacle without said ring 22 is.
• Said spacer ring 22 is, for example, annular. As a variant, it may have a shape of a portion of a circle, one free end of which forms a tongue that is prehensible by a user.
• Said cap 1 is further adapted to be positioned on said neck 3, in a position of use, illustrated in FIG. 3, in which the lid has been cut and / or pierced by said punch 14. In FIG. 3, the insert 8 has been shown undrilled to better visualize the penetration of the punch 14 through it.
• the user unscrews the cap 1 of the neck 3, then removes the spacer ring 22, and screws the cap 1 on the neck 3 until it abuts against the neck 3 or against the shoulder 20.
• the punch 14 then made a cut or a perforation of the insert 8, and more precisely of its central section 12 forming the cover of the tube head 2.
• said punch 14 comprises a body 30 shaped to be configured to cut and / or pierce said lid. Said was substantially the shape of a hollow cylinder.
• substantially the shape of a cylinder it is understood, in particular, that said body may have a very slightly frustoconical shape for demoulding purposes, that is to say with an apex angle of less than 2, or even 1 °.
• the punch 14 has a substantially annular cross section, of revolution.
• the wall thickness of said punch 14 may be between 10 and 20% of its outer diameter De.
• Said body 30 in the form of a fut can extend all along said punch 14.
• Said punch 14 further comprises, for example, a transverse partition 34 separating it into two cavities 36, 38.
• One 36 of said cavities is intended to be turned towards the outside of the receptacle and / or the other 38 of said cavities is formed by said fut.
• Said other cavity 38 is thus intended to be turned towards the interior volume 4 of said receptacle.
• Said partition 34 is located, for example, in the upper half of the plug. In other words, said partition 34 is further from the distal end 32 of the punch 14 than from its opposite end.
• said cavity 38 formed by the seat accommodates product that may cover its walls, in particular the underside of the partition 34. This part of the product provides advantageously a filter effect, limiting the exchange of oxygen with the outside.
• said partition 34 may also be located in the lower half of the plug, i.e said partition 34 is closer to the distal end 32 of the punch 14 than its opposite end. Such a feature reinforces the punch 14 and make it more resistant, thus limiting the risk of damage in the case where it was crashing against the neck 3, for example.
• Said plug 1 is formed, for example, by injection, in particular of plastic.
• Said punch 14 and said periphery wall 15 of the plug are connected, for example, by an upper wall 17 of said plug 1.
• Said upper wall 17 may have a point of injection of the plug.
• Said punch 14 is advantageously configured so that the cutout of the lid is partial, so that the portion or portions of the lid having been cut remain connected to the remainder of the insert 8, in the position of use, thus preventing any mixing of the material forming the insert 8 with a product contained in the associated receptacle.
• a complete cut is a 360 ° cut of the lid, that is to say a circular cut made by rotation of the cap 1, advantageously a cut is made leaving a sufficient link to ensure cohesion between the central section 12 having been cut, and the peripheral section 10.
• a distal end 32 advantageously provided with cutting means. This is, for example, a beveled shape that can extend all around the futon.
• the free end 32 is beveled with respect to a plane normal to the axis ZZ of the neck 3, the lid formed by the insert 8 being typically disposed in such a plane normal to the axis ZZ of the neck 3
• the bevel made in this way is formed, for example, facing the cavity 38 facing the interior volume 4 of the receptacle. This reduces the thickness of the to make the free end 32 cutting, which facilitates the cutting of the lid by the punch 14.
• Said wall of said punch 14 has a thickness greater than the thickness of said cutting means.
• the punch is thus more rigid without, however, altering the efficiency of the cutting means which remain of a thickness making it possible to initiate the piercing of the cap and its cutting.
• said cutting means may comprise, as a variant, teeth 40 and / or notches 42 for cutting, for example, regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the machine. distal end 32 of the punch.
• a plurality of teeth 40 and / or notches 42 makes it possible to cut the lid even if a tooth and / or notch has been damaged during factory capping, for example.
• said teeth 40 have, for example, a sawtooth profile. In this case, a dozen teeth 40 are regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the distal end 32 of the punch. In the variant shown in Figures 7 to 9, said means are four teeth 40 distributed over the entire circumference of the distal end 32 of the punch 14, the angle between each of the teeth being 90 °.
• said means are two notches 42 diametrically opposed.
• Said teeth 40 or said notches 42 are of limited size compared to the height of the punch 14 so that the latter essentially keeps a form of fut.
• the height of the punch here is meant the height hp of the protruding portion of the punch, ie the portion of the punch extending from a distal edge of the stopper 1 towards the distal end 32 of the punch.
• the distal edge of the stopper 1 is the edge of the plug configured to abut against the spacer ring 22 in the waiting position and / or against the shoulder 20 of said tube head 2 in the position of use, closed tube .
• the total height of the plug 1 and the protruding portion of the punch is between 10 and 30 mm.
• said teeth 40 can be configured such that a hd / De ratio and / or a hd / hp ratio are less than 1/3, or even 1/5 or even 1/10, hd being the height of said tooth 40, the outer diameter of said was and hp the height of the protruding portion of the punch 14, as shown in Figures 5, 8 and 9 where the height hd and the height hp to be taken into account have been indicated.
• said notches 42 may be configured such that an he / De ratio and / or an he / hp ratio are less than 1/3, even 1/5 or even 1/10, where he is the height of the notch 42, the outer diameter of the fut and hp the height of the protruding portion of the punch 14, as shown in Figure 1 1 where height he and height hp to be taken into account have been indicated.
• At least one of the teeth 40 and / or one of the notches 42 may have a height hd or he different.
• each of the teeth and / or notches will be of different height.
• it may comprise three teeth of three different heights and preferably distributed regularly over the entire circumference of the distal end 32 of the punch 14 with an angle between each of the teeth of 120 °.
• a difference in height of the teeth and / or notches makes it possible to favor partial cutting of the lid, so that the portion or portions of the lid having been cut remain connected to the rest of the insert 8, in position of use, thus preventing any mixing of the material forming the insert 8 with a product contained in the associated receptacle.
• said neck 3 has an inner diameter Di and said was an outer diameter De, already mentioned. It has been found that a particularly effective cutting was obtained for values of the ratio De / Di greater than 0.8 or even 0.9, De and Di being measured in the same unit. Said was advantageously configured to penetrate into said interior volume 4, in the use position, by a distance h greater than the distance necessary to achieve a deformation of the insert 8 going beyond the elastic deformation capabilities of said insert 8 .
• the penetration distance h was in the receptacle is, for example, such that the ratio h / De is greater than 0.6 or 0.7, h and De being measured in the same unit .
• said neck 3 may have an inner wall comprising at least one inclined zone (not shown ) with respect to the longitudinal axis ZZ of the neck. Said inclined zone is located on the top of the neck, i.e. on the side of the end of the neck opening towards the outside of the receptacle.
• Said inclined zone extends over a small proportion of the inner wall of the neck 3, for example less than 1/8 of the internal height of the neck, or even less than 1/10.
• the internal height of the neck 3 is measured from the end of the neck 3 opening towards the outside of the receptacle at the end of the neck 3 opening into the interior volume 4 of the receptacle.
• the inclination will form an angle less than 45 ° with respect to the axis Z-Z, see less than 30 °.
• this inclined zone makes it possible to guide the punch 14 during factory corking, in particular if the stopper 1 is not correctly centered with respect to the neck 3 and when its distal end 32 comes into contact with the end of the neck 3. It limits thus, the risk of damaging the distal end and / or the cutting means.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Closures For Containers (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

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Cited By (6)

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• 2013
  • 2013-07-30 FR FR1357549A patent/FR3009288A1/fr active Pending
  • 2013-12-11 FR FR1362388A patent/FR3009287B1/fr active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-06-27 CN CN201480053137.1A patent/CN105579357A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-06-27 RU RU2016106664A patent/RU2666672C2/ru active
  • 2014-06-27 CA CA2920809A patent/CA2920809C/fr active Active
  • 2014-06-27 ES ES14736699.1T patent/ES2633854T3/es active Active
  • 2014-06-27 MX MX2016003054A patent/MX2016003054A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2014-06-27 CN CN202010503556.8A patent/CN111806864B/zh active Active
  • 2014-06-27 US US14/911,830 patent/US20160194122A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-06-27 EP EP14736699.1A patent/EP3027524B1/fr active Active
  • 2014-06-27 WO PCT/EP2014/063783 patent/WO2015014553A1/fr active Application Filing
• 2019
  • 2019-11-14 US US16/683,874 patent/US20200079558A1/en active Pending

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