WO2015012321A1

WO2015012321A1 - Seating assistance tool

Info

Publication number: WO2015012321A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/069480
Authority: WO
Inventors: 村上　潤
Original assignee: Murakami Jun
Priority date: 2013-07-23
Filing date: 2014-07-23
Publication date: 2015-01-29
Also published as: JP2016041358A; JP5848491B2; JPWO2015012321A1

Abstract

Provided is a seating assistance tool which is suitable for both a non-handicapped person and a handicapped person, and, even though the pelvis is in an inclined position at the time of seating, enables the inclined position to be maintained comfortably over a long period. A seating assistance tool (1) is provided with an exterior body (2) composed of a back surface part (3) and a seat surface part (4), and a cushion (7) on the seat surface part (4) side, and is used while the seat surface part (4) of the exterior body (2) is mounted on a chair or wheelchair having a back support part. The seating assistance tool is characterized in that the cushion (7) has a thickness gradually increasing from the rear of the seat surface part (4) toward the center of the seat surface part (4) and is provided with an inclined surface (9) formed by gradually elevating the upper flat surface of the seat surface thereof from the rear of the seat surface part (4) toward the center thereof, and the exterior body (2) supports the back surface and seated surface of a seated person by hanging the back surface part (3) thereof from the top of the back support part of the chair of wheelchair.

Description

Seating aid

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a sitting aid for a chair or a wheelchair, etc., and can satisfactorily reduce the physical load at the time of sitting for both a healthy person and a handicapped person and can keep the sitting posture for a long period of time. It relates to auxiliary equipment.

The appropriate seating posture according to the present invention as a premise is described below. The human trunk and lower limbs are connected via a pelvis, and the upper part of the pelvis is connected to the fifth lumbar vertebra by the sacral base and the lower part is connected to the femoral head by a joint with the acetabulum. The bones that make up the pelvis are the sacrum, the tailbone, and the left and right hipbones. The hipbone consists of three parts: the iliac bone, the pubic bone, and the ischial bone.

And, when the person is in a straight upright posture (the posture in which the spinal column has a double S-shape when viewed from the side), the pelvis is in a vertically stable shape with the ischia positioned at the lowest side. And the state where the ear holes, shoulders (shoulders), greater trochanter (bone at the base of the hip joint), slightly forward of the knee, and the external fruit (external ankle) are in a straight line, the beautiful posture (side) The posture in which the spinal column is drawn in a double S shape as viewed from above.

Conventionally, the posture of the back is extended as an ideal beautiful figure even when seated, like when standing upright. For this reason, chairs have been made that maintain the stretched state of the back like an upright posture when sitting, by devising the position and angle of the seat and back.

However, if sitting in this posture, a large load is applied to the sciatic bone, and a biased load is applied to a part of the buttocks in contact with the seating surface. In addition, in order to maintain the same posture for a long time, extra muscular strength was required because of the impossible posture.

Therefore, in order to maintain a comfortable sitting posture, for example, a low-resilience urethane resin may be used to devise the cushion on the seating surface so as to be suitable for body pressure dispersion (for example, Patent Document 1, (See paragraph 0024.) Cushioning materials that are placed on a chair are known.
However, even if it is said that the body pressure is dispersed, it is desirable to simply use a cushion with low resilience, but it will slowly sink according to the unevenness of the seated person's body, but it will only follow if it only sinks. It is not enough to hold the posture. In addition, the load that is locally applied in the submerged state is not reduced, so it eliminates the need for muscle strength to maintain posture and fatigue in the buttocks and hips when sitting for a long time. Was not enough.

For example, there is a chair that has a curved backrest so that it conforms to the posture of the lumbar part of the human spine and the S-shaped curve of the cervical vertebra (for example, patents). Reference 2). However, it is a chair that holds the spine in an upright posture even when sitting, so the pelvis is sitting in a state of being held vertically with the sciatus positioned directly below, as in the upright position. However, it is still not sufficient in terms of local fatigue of the buttocks.

Therefore, the present inventor further considers the balance between the skeleton and muscle tension in terms of ergonomic differences in posture between standing and sitting, and the back is rounded when relaxed during sitting as follows. We find that it is natural.

First, when a person is in an upright posture, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), two muscles, the “abdominal muscle group” 27 on the lower abdomen side and the “gluteal muscle group” 28 on the buttocks side, are shown. Acts as an antagonistic muscle, so that the pelvis 22 is firmly and stably held in the “standing position” in which the sciatica is located directly below by the tension pulling each other across an unstable joint called the hip joint. That is, when standing upright, the balance is established by the tension of the front and rear antagonist muscles, so that the posture can be easily maintained without using much muscle strength.

By the way, when a person takes a sitting posture and the hip joint bends nearly 90 degrees, as shown in FIG. 12B, on the other hand, the “abdominal abdominal muscle group” 27 is a muscle attachment portion. The position of the lumbar vertebra and the femur are close, and the stretched muscles are loosened, so the tension is weakened. On the other hand, the “gluteal muscle group” 28 on the buttock side is extended from the pelvis 22 to the femur centering on the hip joint, so that the tension is strong.

Therefore, when the antagonistic muscles such as the iliopsoas muscle group and the gluteus muscle group that support the pelvis 22 try to balance the tension in the sitting position, the sciatic bone is positioned downward in the standing position. The pelvis 22 that is in the “tilt” is tilted so as to push the ischia forward, and the “tilted position” is obtained. That is, the muscle tension in the standing posture in which the pelvis is stabilized in the vertical position acts as the muscle tension that tilts the pelvis around the hip joint in the sitting posture.

Then, since the base pelvis is tilted, extra muscular strength is required for the vertebral column including the lumbar vertebrae located above it to maintain a straight stretched posture. That is, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), when the pelvis 22 and the lumbar vertebra are positioned downward with the sciatic bone 23 and the direction 17 of the sciatic bottom is in a horizontal orientation as in the upright position, extra muscular strength is required. .

Therefore, when the person sits relaxed, whether it is a healthy person or a handicapped person, the pelvis tilts naturally and the back becomes round accordingly. From the above, the sitting posture should not be ideal when it is close to the upright posture. Rather, as shown in FIG. It is easier to take the direction 17 of the “tilted position”. If you can sit comfortably in a posture with a rounded and curved back, there is no extra power, and it is natural and easy so you won't get tired even if you sit for a long time.

Based on such an idea, the inventors of the present application have invented various chairs that support the back surface along the curvature of the back muscles (see, for example, Patent Document 3). If such a chair can be provided, it will be easy to maintain the posture and will not require muscle strength.However, in order to induce the natural sitting posture, the position and shape of the chair that will be the optimal sitting posture for each individual will be concretely specified. Must be sought, and it was not always easy to obtain the applicable one immediately for each person to use. Moreover, a chair as devised by the inventor of the present application must be obtained from the beginning, and cannot be used when a currently used seating tool such as a commercially available wheelchair is used.

In addition, the upper part of a metal plate with a corset attached from the waist to the abdomen is folded and hooked on the backrest as a hook, and a cushion that supports the seater is provided near the back of the knee to reduce back pain. There is an auxiliary tool (for example, refer to Patent Document 4). This is a space directly below the buttocks, and there is no support for the seat bones, etc., 70% of the body weight is supported by the suspended corset, and the remaining 30% is supported by the cushion on the back of the knee. The waist and abdomen around which the corset is wound are restrained together, and the spine extends in an S shape for the purpose of preventing and reducing back pain. . Moreover, since it is a special chair in which the space directly below the buttocks is a hollow, it is not an auxiliary tool but is substantially the same structure as a dedicated chair.

Also, as an aid to prevent the user from falling off the wheelchair by placing it on the wheelchair seat, place the pelvis support between the lower backrest and the pelvis so that it can come into contact with the pelvis on the back side of the user The left and right slide rods that support the pelvis support are slid back and forth on the rear ends of the left and right side frames, and the back of the knee that protrudes from the front end of the seat surface The thigh is supported by the thigh support, and the area around the buttocks is recessed to prevent it from shifting forward, and the assisting tool is provided with a locking piece or a locking bar that is locked to the rear end of the wheelchair seating surface. This is a wheelchair aid that is prevented from moving forward as a whole (see, for example, Patent Document 5).

The above wheelchair aid uses a cushion with a raised knee and recessed hips, and prevents the user from sliding forward by raising the knee, and the back side Is trying to support the gap that occurs in the back by adjusting the angle on the back side. However, the auxiliary tool itself has a frame that is curved to the side, and it has a double structure like a rooftop on the wheelchair seating frame. Its own load is also increasing, making it heavy and complex. Furthermore, since the frame has a pre-curved angle and the tilting portion that is the pelvic support is configured to change the angle by moving the lower base back and forth, the tilting angle and the front and back are The movement of sliding is linked, and there is no room to separate the two and adjust the angle and front and back position individually. Therefore, even if the gap between the back of the chair and the waist is filled, it does not always fit, and the effect is limited.

In addition, the entire assisting device is prevented from moving forward by locking and fixing to the rear end of the seat with a locking device, so that the seating surface of the assisting device is free from the chair or wheelchair seating surface. The present invention, which is not directly fixed, has a different degree of freedom and is not necessarily sufficient in terms of ease of adaptation to the posture of the seated person. This is because the seated person cannot easily correct the posture during use. Furthermore, even if the angle of the arc-curved frame is variable, it is not necessarily sufficient to provide a sufficient fit and support for the pelvis if the body shape is different.

JP 2004-329812 A JP 2006-075257 A JP 2007-307347 A JP 2010-158282 A JP 2010-099453 A

When trying to sit so that the pelvis tilts in consideration of the balance of muscle strength so that it can relax when seated, it is desirable to have a so-called stiff posture in which the buttocks move forward. However, since it comes to be seated on the near side of the chair, if it is seated as it is on a chair having a normal dorsum (backrest), the load on the back side will be greatly applied to the seat surface. Since a large load on a part of the seat surface results in a sitting posture that cannot withstand long-term use, it has been difficult to sit for a long time in a relaxed posture.

However, since a special chair is not always prepared in advance, an auxiliary device is required to maintain a sufficient posture when taking such a posture. And when the pelvis is tilted, the posture is different from the upright position when the spinal column was S-shaped, so the load applied due to the change in the upright position is different. It is requested to grant support.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to sit down at the position where the buttocks has moved slightly forward and hold the body to the back, so that the body pressure can be uniformly applied by supporting the back side as a whole. It is a seating aid that allows the wearer to sit comfortably for a long time in a relaxed posture by dispersing and making the load applied near the sciatus difficult to concentrate locally, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a seating aid having a simple structure that can be placed on a seating tool having various back surfaces such as a chair (including a front seat of an automobile, etc.) and a wheelchair.

Also, it is not always easy for a disabled person to sit straight like a healthy person, and it may be tilted to the left or right, so that a well-positioned position cannot be achieved. Therefore, there is a demand for a sitting aid that can easily realize a stable posture state so that the user can sit down without slipping off the chair. In addition, in order to realize a longer sitting time, it is desired that there is room for adjustment during sitting by the seated person so that the comfortable sitting state can be adjusted or corrected to some extent by himself / herself. .

Means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows. In the first means, a chair or a wheelchair having a dorsum back provided with an exterior body composed of a back surface portion and a seat surface portion and a cushion on the seat surface portion is seated on the exterior body. A seating aid that is used by placing a surface portion, wherein the cushion gradually increases in thickness from the rear of the seat surface portion toward the center of the seat surface portion. It has an inclined surface that gradually increases from the rear to the center of the seat surface, and the exterior body supports the back of the seated person and the seat by suspending the back of the exterior from above the back of the chair or wheelchair. This is a seating aid.

The second means for solving the problems of the present invention is to mount the seating surface portion of the exterior body on a chair or a wheelchair having a back portion provided with an exterior body composed of a back surface portion and a seat surface portion and a cushion on the seat surface portion. A seating aid that is placed and used, wherein the cushion gradually increases in thickness from the rear of the seat surface toward the center of the seat surface, and the upper surface of the seat is rearward of the seat surface. It gradually increases from the center toward the center, and has an inclined surface to support the seated person's sciatic bone. A possible locking body is provided, and by adjusting the length of the locking body, the exterior body suspended and locked on the back of the chair or wheelchair is brought into contact with the back of the seated person The seating assistant is characterized by supporting the back and the seating surface of the seated person. It is a tool.

The third means for solving the problem of the present invention is that the seating aid is only suspended and locked by a chair or wheelchair back, and the seating surface bottom of the seating aid is The seating assisting device according to the first or second means, wherein the seating assisting device is merely placed without being locked and fixed to a chair or a wheelchair.

According to a fourth means for solving the problem of the present invention, the seating assisting tool is configured such that the exterior body hooks a folded portion on the back side provided above the back surface portion on the upper end of the chair or wheelchair back portion. The seating aid according to any one of the first to third means, wherein the exterior body is suspended.

According to a fifth means for solving the problems of the present invention, any one of the first to fourth features is characterized in that the exterior body is a warp knitted solid knitted fabric having stretchability and air permeability. The seating aid according to the above means. As the warp knitted solid knitted fabric, a double raschel solid knitted fabric is suitable.

Sixth means for solving the problems of the present invention is characterized in that the exterior body has a Y-shaped reinforcing member disposed at a position near the seat surface portion of the back surface portion thereof. A seating aid according to any one of the means. The Y-shaped reinforcing member is attached by inserting a belt belt made of polypropylene between the back side of the back surface of the exterior body or the upper flat surface of the back surface and the back surface. The reinforcement member supports the position where the pelvic part of the seated person tilts obliquely from the sacrum to the tailbone from the back, and it should be held appropriately so that it does not extend excessively due to the seated person's load. It is easy to.

A seventh means for solving the problems of the present invention is characterized in that the cushion is a composite material having a low-rebound resilience foam in an upper layer and a hard foam resin as a core material in a lower layer. To a seating aid according to any one of the sixth to sixth aspects.

Eighth means for solving the problems of the present invention are the first to seventh features, wherein the cushion is detachably attached with a flat fastener below a seat surface portion of the exterior body. A seating aid according to any one of the means.

When the sitting aid of the present invention is installed in a chair or wheelchair, a healthy person or disabled person can easily take a comfortable relaxed posture in which the pelvis is tilted to push the sciatic forward, The sitting posture can be maintained for a long time. And since the exterior body abuts so as to wrap from the back of the seat to the back of the seat from the back of the seated person to the waist, the load of the seated person can be widely dispersed, and it can be avoided that the load concentrates locally. Even if you sit for a long time, it will be less fatigued.

When sitting with the pelvis tilted forward (relaxed posture), the sciatic bone tilted by the inclined surface of the upper surface of the seating surface of the seating aid of the present invention is received from the bottom. Then, the cushion on the seating surface can be supported in contact with the sciatic bone (the direction of the sciatic bottom) with the inclined surface inclined, so that it remains in an easy-to-go posture. The load can be supported appropriately and sufficiently from below the sciatica. At that time, since the stretchable material supports the back side so as to wrap, the load does not concentrate on one point of the cushion material received under the sciatic bone, and the body pressure is appropriately dispersed. And since the function is fully fulfilled by supporting the sciatic portion on the inclined surface of the seat surface, it is not necessary to extend the seat surface long under the knee, and it can be made compact.

In addition, as described in the second means for solving the problems of the present invention, the height of the hanging lock is easily adjusted so that the left and right locking tools on the back side can be used as chairs and wheelchairs. When locking to the seat, the height position can be easily adjusted so that the curve on the back side follows the curvature of the waist of the seated person, so that the body is wrapped in a position that matches the comfortable position of the seated person. A position suitable for seating can be easily determined, such as being able to support easily.

In addition, people with disabilities who use wheelchairs may not always be able to maintain a straight posture, but by making it possible to adjust the length of the left and right rear upper locking bodies individually, The height can be adjusted separately so that it can be supported. Therefore, even if the body is tilted to the left or right, an easy posture according to the posture of the person can be realized without falling or slipping off the chair.

Further, according to the third means for solving the problems of the present invention, the seat surface portion can be easily moved back and forth when the seated person sits relaxed, so that the posture that fits the seated person's posture can be simplified. Can be realized. Further, as described in the third means, when the exterior body is a warp knitting of a three-dimensional knitted fabric such as a double raschel, the roundness from the back of the seated person to the waist, such as a sling and a hammock, and the left and right curves of the body Because it fits and stretches to fit the body, it is easy to disperse body pressure, and at the same time it has excellent breathability, so it is hard to stuffy and is comfortable without suffering even when used for a long time. And even if the seated person's posture is apt to be distorted and tilted to the left and right, it fits and supports the entire back so that it wraps from the left and right, so the seated person's posture is difficult to shake from side to side, Easy to maintain posture for a long time.

Moreover, according to the 4th means which solves the subject of this invention, since it uses so that a folding | returning part may be hooked on the upper part of the backrest (back part) of a chair, when a seated person sits down, the back surface will be extended by expansion / contraction of an exterior body. At the same time as supporting the body so that it fits against the back, the seat surface part moves forward slightly, so that the seat surface easily moves back and forth to a posture suitable for the seated person to relax and sit down. . Therefore, a posture that fits according to the posture of the seated person can be easily realized.

Moreover, according to the fifth means for solving the problems of the present invention, the body pressure is easily dispersed uniformly because the seated person is wrapped by the entire exterior body by the expansion and contraction of the fabric such as double raschel of the three-dimensional network. . In addition, it is possible to prevent excessive elongation by setting an appropriate tension. By these actions, the inclination from the sacrum to the tailbone around the pelvis of the seated person is easily maintained at an appropriate tilt position.

Further, as in the sixth means for solving the problems of the present invention, when the intersection of V intersecting with the Y-shape is reinforced by the reinforcing member and the belt of the reinforcing member is sewn into the exterior body, these portions are attached to the seated person. When the seated person's pelvis is tilted and relaxed so as to be positioned so as to come into contact with the pelvis from the sacrum and coccyx, the seating aid can firmly receive the body. And since the spinal column and standing muscles above the pelvis can slightly shift the upper body of the seated person backward, it becomes easier to move the upper thorax to the neck and the head perpendicular to gravity. Since the state can be easily maintained, the positional relationship of the skeleton according to gravity is easily adjusted, and the posture can be controlled to the extent that a minimum load is applied to the muscle. Therefore, the relaxed state can be easily maintained for a long time. And when it is wrapped in the exterior body to be expanded and contracted, not only is the body pressure supported and the body pressure properly dispersed, but also the relaxed state can be maintained.

Furthermore, as in the case of the seventh means, when a low-resilience foam is used for the cushion, it slowly sinks in accordance with the shape of the seated person, so it becomes easier to obtain a more uniform body pressure distribution.

Furthermore, by making the cushion under the seating surface detachable from the lower surface of the exterior body with a flat fastener as in the eighth means, it becomes easier to adjust according to the driver's condition on the front seat of the automobile, The degree of freedom of the adjustment range is increased, for example, the posture adjustment including the adjustment mechanism such as the lumbar support on the seat side becomes easy.

[Correction 06.11.2014 based on Rule 91]
It is (a) back, bottom face side, (b) table | surface, upper plane side of the seating assistance tool as described in Example 1 of this invention. It is the (c) side surface side and (d) back surface side of the seating assistance tool as described in Example 1 of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a structure explanatory drawing of the cushion as described in Example 1 of this invention. It is a cushion of the seating assistance tool as described in Example 2 of this invention. It is an exterior body of the seating assistance tool as described in Example 2 of this invention. It is a seating assistance tool as described in Example 2 of this invention. It is the figure which showed a mode that it installed in the chair and seated the seating assistance tool of this invention. It is the figure which showed a mode that the seating assistance tool of this invention was installed in a wheelchair and seated. As a conventional example, (a) when sitting on a normal high-back chair with his back along, and (b) showing the orientation of the human lumbar vertebra and pelvis when relaxed. The seating aid of the present invention is set in a wheelchair and (i) a healthy person, (ii) an elderly person 1, and (iii) a situation in which load is applied to five locations around the sciatica when seated It is the measurement figure compared with the case where it did and the case of non-use. As a comparative example, it is a figure of the pressure measurement result at the time of sitting on the wheelchair made from Panthera. (A) is a back surface, (b) shows the pressure concerning a seat surface. The white part is a high pressure part. It is the figure which showed the mode of the iliopsoas muscle group and the gluteus muscle group in the state where (a) standing position and (b) sitting position with the pelvis located below the sciatic bone. It is explanatory drawing of a mode that the seating assistance tool of Example 3 of this invention was applied to the front seat of a motor vehicle. It is a figure regarding the seating assistance tool of Example 3 of this invention, Comprising: (a) is an upper top view of an exterior body, (b) is the figure represented from the side surface. It is explanatory drawing of a mode that the seating assistance tool of Example 4 of this invention was applied to the chair. It is a figure regarding the seating assistance tool of Example 4 of this invention, Comprising: (a) is an upper top view of an exterior body, (b) is the figure which represented this from the side surface.

Hereinafter, a case where the seating aid of the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a wheelchair will be described as appropriate with reference to FIGS. In addition, even if it is a chair or a wheelchair, since the basic mounting method does not change, if it is a chair which can be seated with a backrest, it is fundamentally applicable. The seating assisting tool 1 of the present invention is such that the seated posture of the seated person 21 is not the position where the sciatic bone 23 is straight down as when the pelvis 22 is upright, but the sciatic bone 23 is inclined. It can be used in a relaxed posture in which the pelvis 22 is seated in a slightly inclined posture. At the time of sitting, the sciatic bone 23 is placed on the inclined surface 9 (inclination angle of about 20 degrees) of the seating surface portion that becomes higher from the back of the seating surface toward the center so as to face the inclination of the sciatic bone 23 (direction 17 of the sciatic bottom). Since the seat back 21 is firmly supported by the entire back surface portion 3 and the seat surface portion 4 of the seating aid 1 according to the present invention, the body of the seated person 21 can be held comfortably and comfortably. The body pressure can be dispersed to sit for a long time. The means of the present invention can be embodied in the configurations of the following embodiments.

The exterior body 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. (B) is an upper plane side, for example, the back part length is 230 mm and the seat surface part length is 190 mm, and the back surface part 3 and the seat surface part 4 are an integral exterior body, and the overall length of the exterior body 2 is 420 mm × width 210 mm. The rectangular outer fabric is formed of a polyester knitted fabric material having a three-dimensional stitch structure of a warp knitted double russell excellent in stretchability, body pressure dispersibility, and air permeability. And (d) is the back surface side, the back surface back surface is also a double russell excellent in stretchability and air permeability, and the bottom surface 5 of the seat surface portion 4 is attached to the anti-slip function and the hook surface of the hook-and-loop fastener. The knit material of the B side densely raised in the shape of a loop having a suitable function is used. The front and back surfaces shown in (a) and (b) above are obtained by sewing the side surfaces to obtain an integral exterior body 2 as shown in (c). And the cushion 7 which provided the inclined surface 9 in the seat surface is inserted in the internal space 6 of the seat surface part 4 of the exterior body 2. On the other hand, a cushioning material may be placed on the back surface portion 3 of the exterior body 2, but it is not necessary to place a cushion, and when the cushion is not placed, the double raschel fabrics on the front and back surfaces of the exterior body 2 are further sewn together. And may be integrated.

The string 12 of the locking body 11 that can be locked to the upper part of the back surface of the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25 or in the vicinity of the hand handle 26 of the wheelchair 25 is attached to the upper left and right upper ends of the back surface 3 of the exterior body 2. . For example, the string 12 of the locking body 11 uses a 12 mm wide polypropylene ribbon. And the string 12 of the latching body 11 is arranged so as to protrude slightly diagonally so as to open in an inverted C shape from the upper end of the back surface of the back surface 3 of the exterior body 2 toward the tip of the string 12. Shall be attached. When the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25 is engaged with the back of the chair 24 or the left and right hand push handles 26, the seating aid 1 is suspended from the left and right positions. The locking body 11 may be attached so as to be sandwiched between the front surface and the back surface of the back surface portion 3 of the exterior body 2. Moreover, the string 12 of the latching body 11 should just be the material which has the intensity | strength and durability which cannot be cut | disconnected even if a load is applied, can be bent through the latching metal fitting 13 etc., and is hard to come off. Therefore, other than polypropylene, a plastic resin string 12 such as nylon is generally applicable, and the shape of the string 12 is not limited to a ribbon, and the cross section is a circle or an ellipse. There may be.

Further, the string 12 of the locking body 11 is passed through the locking bracket 13 by passing it through the pipe near the back of the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25 or in the vicinity of the handwheel handle 26 of the wheelchair 25, and by turning it in a loop shape. The suspension length can be fixed and supported easily. The locking metal fitting 13 is, for example, a metal fitting for a clip with a lever folded back and clamped with a lever to fix it, and the length can be adjusted by opening the lever. It is preferable to use a power that can be easily adjusted while having force. The locking metal fitting 13 may not be a clip metal fitting, but may be a plastic resin as long as the length can be adjusted, such as Koki or a beautiful lock.

When the string 12 of the locking body 11 is fastened and fixed to the inner surface side of the back surface of the back surface portion 3 of the exterior body 2, the inner surface side of the back surface of the back surface of the exterior body is reinforced around the clinging portion of the locking body 11. The reinforcing member 14 may be attached. The reinforcing member 14 on the back surface of the back surface portion 3 reinforces the exterior body 2 by arranging, for example, a polypropylene string having a width of about 25 mm in the vertical direction above and below the fastening portion of the locking body 11. Furthermore, a Y-shaped reinforcing member 20 is arranged from the left and right reinforcing members 14 toward the center on the back side of the lower center of the back surface 3 where the waist of the seated person 21 comes into contact, so that the reinforcing effect is further increased. It may be. The part where the Y-shaped V merges corresponds to the position where the sacrum and the tailbone contact the pelvis. By sewing the Y-shaped reinforcing member belt into this part, the back skeleton moves backward. You can take it firmly without falling over. And the exterior body 2 supported via the latching body 11 expands and contracts by the load of the seated person in combination with these reinforcements, but stays at an appropriate expansion and contraction, and gently curves to fit the seated person's curve. It can be supported in this way. Furthermore, since the Y-shaped reinforcing member supports the vicinity of the pelvis from behind, the seated person can escape the spine and standing muscles above the pelvis slightly so as to shift slightly backward, but the exterior body Therefore, it becomes easier to maintain the wearer's upper ribcage, neck, and head in a position perpendicular to gravity. Therefore, the positional relationship of the skeleton with respect to gravity is easy to arrange, and it becomes easy to maintain a comfortable posture for a long time with a minimum load. Also, since the reinforcing member makes it difficult to twist or shake, the stress will not be concentrated on a part of the back surface, so that the outer casing itself will not be easily damaged and durability will be obtained. Become.

Next, on the seating surface side of the exterior body, a cushioning material provided with an inclination in which the front becomes higher from the backside of the seating surface toward the center of the seating surface so as to be able to face the inclined ischia is placed inside It has become. Therefore, a space suitable for the shape of the cushion material is provided so that the upper surface on the seating surface side of the exterior body increases from the rear of the seating surface toward the center of the seating surface.

Fig. 3 shows the cushion 7. The cushion 7 has an inclined surface 9 that is inclined so as to increase from the rear of the seat surface toward the center of the seat surface. In FIG. 3, a slope that gently falls from the center of the seat surface of the cushion 7 toward the front of the seat surface is provided, but the front of the seat surface from the center of the seat surface may be nearly horizontal. This is because the inclined surface 9 that rises from the rear of the seating surface of the cushion 7 toward the center of the seating surface faces the seat bone 23 of the seated person 21 and supports it from below. The inclined surface 9 allows the buttocks of the seated person 21 to be placed around the sciatic bone 23, so that the seated person 21 maintains an easy posture while maintaining a relaxed seating posture such as a stiff posture. In addition, since the body does not collapse forward, the body can be held by sitting on the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25 in the relaxed posture.

The cushion 7 has a structure in which a low resilience elastic foam 8 and a core material 10 are formed into a plurality of layers. The cushion 7 is provided with a low resilience elastic foam 8 in an upper portion close to a position where it is in contact with the seated person 21 to improve body pressure dispersion, and the periphery of the sciatic bone 23 is firmly supported by the inclined surface 9. As can be done, the core material 10 is combined with a polyethylene foam which is hard and has shape retention. For example, the cushion 7 has a width of 400 mm and a total length of 350 mm, and a three-layer structure of a surface urethane film, a low-rebound resilience foam (urethane) having a thickness of 20 mm, and a polyethylene foam that forms a chevron core material is bonded with an adhesive. obtain. The core material 10 has a width of 400 mm and a length of 250 mm, and a height of a central mountain having a length of 125 mm is set to about 50 mm, and the inclined surface 9 supporting the ischia has an inclination angle of about 21 degrees. The polyethylene foam of the core material 10 has, for example, a density of 20 to 40 kg / m ³ and a hardness of about 100 to 130N.

As shown in FIG. 3, the low rebound resilience foam 8 is formed by bonding a polyurethane foam having a thickness of 20 mm along the inclination of the upper plane of the core material 10. The low resilience foam has, for example, a density of 40 to 80 kg / m ³ , a hardness of about 25 to 50 N, and a resilience of 10 or less. Further, a urethane film having high durability and smoothness may be stuck on the low resilience foam 8 for protecting the surface layer. Thereby, it is avoided that the cloth on the inner surface of the double raschel of the exterior material and the low resilience foam are in direct contact with each other and are damaged.

4 to 6 show other embodiments. This is an example in which the cushion 7 is arranged over the entire interior of the exterior body 2. The exterior body 2 has the space | gap of the internal space 6 which opened the side surface to the longitudinal direction. The cushion 7 is a cushion material mainly composed of a low rebound resilience foam 8 having a thin back surface 3 of about 20 mm, and is formed integrally with the cushion material on the seat surface side. The cushioning material on the side of the seating surface 4 is a cushioning material provided with an inclined surface 9 that is inclined so as to increase in thickness from the rear of the seating surface toward the center of the seating surface. It tilts in the opposite direction so that it can be supported, and the thickness decreases toward the front. In addition, although the cushion of the shape which raises the cushion part of the crotch part and inclines the circumference | surroundings is illustrated, it is an example to the last, and of course, a gentle slope may be sufficient as a front surface. The cushion material of the back surface portion 3 and the seat surface portion 4 forms an integral part to form the cushion 7, the low resilience elastic foam 8 is in the upper layer, and the core material 10 disposed below the inclined surface of the seat surface is It is a rigid polyethylene foam. Further, a durable sheet material such as neoprene rubber may be bonded to the entire bottom surface of the cushion 7. By using a material excellent in durability and stretchability such as neoprene rubber, it is durable and suitable for long-term use because it hardly wears and breaks due to load movement. Further, since the neoprene sheet has elasticity, it can be wrapped softly in contact with the exterior body 2 so as to follow the shape of the waist and back of the seated person 21, so that the support is maintained by dispersion of body pressure. This is a suitable combination.

The string 12 of the locking body 11 for locking and fixing to the upper part of the back surface of the chair 24 or the vicinity of the handwheel handle 26 of the wheelchair 25 is attached to the left and right upper ends of the back surface portion 3 of the exterior body 2. At the end of the string 12 of the locking body 11, there is a metal frame 15 that can hold the pipe for fixing to the metal pipe of the wheelchair. The metal frame 15 is screwed and fixed to the pipe in the vicinity of the hand handle 26. In addition, the length of the string 12 can be adjusted by the locking metal fitting 13.

Then, on the bottom surface side of the seat surface portion 4 of the exterior body 2, protrusions of hook-and-loop fasteners are attached to both ends of the two strings that are attached in an X shape so as to be loosely fixed to the seat surface of the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25. A string 16 is provided. The string 16 with the hook-and-loop fastener is for loosely fixing the seating aid 1 so as not to slip off the seat surface of the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25, and is not intended to be fastened to the seat surface. Absent. If the seat surface portion 4 is used so that the seat occupant 21 can slightly move the seat surface of the chair 24 back and forth, and is loosely fastened with a hook-and-loop fastener, the seat occupant 21 can be adjusted to a desired angle while sitting. Because it can, it will be easy to use.

FIGS. 13, 14 (a) and 14 (b) show a seating aid 1 suitable for a front seat 30 for an automobile or the like. The exterior body 2 has a double russell mesh surface in consideration of air permeability on the back surface 3 and the seat surface portion 4, and the back surface is a knitted fabric. Each of the back surface portion 3 and the seat surface portion 4 is a trapezoid having a length of 40 cm and a lateral width of 50 cm for the seat surface, and the back surface portion 3 is 38 cm closer to the seat surface portion 4 and a width of 20 cm on the upper end side. The exterior body 2 contains a fabric such as a canvas used for a tent as a core material 10, and two flat fasteners (male) are vertically arranged on the back surface of the seat surface portion 4 and stitched. The cushion 7 is made of a low resilience elastic foam 8 and has a triangular cross section when viewed from the side. The cushion 7 is detachably attached by a flat fastener (female) on the cushion upper surface provided at a position facing the flat fastener below the seat surface portion. Further, since the inclined surface 9 of the seat surface portion 4 of the exterior body 2 is formed by the triangular inclination of the cushion 7, the angle is adjusted by replacing the cushion 7 with a gentle inclination.

.
Since there is a headrest 29 at the upper end of the back portion 32 of the front seat 30 of the automobile, the cord body 12 provided at the upper left and right ends of the back surface of the seating surface assisting tool 1 is turned to the headrest and is made of a resin that becomes a locking portion. The fastener (locking body) 11 is locked while adjusting the length thereof, and the seating surface auxiliary tool 1 is used by being suspended from the back portion 32. A hook 33 is provided at the lower end in the center of the back surface of the seat surface portion 4, and by pulling the hook 33 after seating, there is no gap from the back surface of the cushion to the seat surface, and a fit feeling can be easily obtained. The hook 33 is a string made of polypropylene, for example, and is stitched straight so as to cross the center of the back surface of the seating surface, and the entire seating surface can be pulled out forward.

15, 16 (a) and 16 (b), the seating surface assisting tool 1 used to be hung by hooking the folded portion 31 of the back surface part 3 of the seating surface assisting tool 1 on the back portion 32 of the chair 24. Show. FIG. 16 shows the shape before the back surface portion 3 and the seat surface portion 4 are three-dimensionally sewn. After the sewing, the three-dimensional seat surface auxiliary tool 1 is obtained as shown in FIG. Now, this seating surface aid is manufactured according to the standard size like a chair for schoolchildren. For example, the seating surface part 4 is 25 cm deep and 57 cm wide, and the location near the back of the seating surface is The corners are rounded in advance along the curved surface of the buttocks, and the fabric on the back side is sewn three-dimensionally along the curved surface of the seating surface, so that the back portion wraps around the back, The lower side is curved. In both the back surface portion and the seat surface portion, the upper surface of the exterior body 2 is made of double raschel mesh fabric, and the back surface is made of knit. An opening is provided on the back side of the seating surface portion of the exterior body 2 to provide a fastener, and a cushion 7 made of a low resilience elastic foam 8 can be inserted into the exterior body 2 from the opening of the fastener. The cushion 7 is so high that the seat surface comes to the front, and includes an inclined surface 9.

Strength and appropriate tension are obtained by arranging a canvas or the like as the core material 10 in the back part 3 of the exterior body 2 and stitching it. Further, a string having a width of about 2 cm is sewn on the left and right sides of the back surface of the seat surface portion, and can be tied to a leg of the chair 24, a pipe on the back surface, or the like. Further, a string 12 made of polypropylene is provided at the folded back of the back portion, and the seat surface auxiliary tool 1 suspended by being hooked can be locked to a chair pipe or the like so as not to be detached from the chair. ing. Because it is suspended by hooking, the seat surface part and the rear part move slightly forward when seated due to the weight of the seated person, so that a comfortable posture like a so-called `` strange '' is formed, and the exterior on the back side The body comes into contact with the back of the seated person and is supported by the entire surface so as to wrap up.

(How to use)
The seating surface aid 1 of the present invention is installed in the chair 24 or the wheelchair 25 as follows. For example, the locking bodies 11 extending obliquely from the upper part of the exterior body 1 are respectively fixed to the steel pipes in front of the gripping portions of the left and right hand push handles 26 at the upper back of the wheelchair 25. The length of the locking body 11 can be appropriately adjusted by the locking metal fitting 13. The string 12 of the locking body 11 is so far that there is no gap between the back surface of the seated person 21 and the upper surface of the back surface 3 of the exterior body 1 of the seating surface assisting tool 1 with the seated person 21 seated. The length is adjusted to be short and fastened with the locking metal fitting 13. Adjustment of the length of the string 12 of the locking body 11 with the locking metal 13 is sufficient if it is adjusted once according to each user, and thereafter a similar feeling of support is obtained each time the user sits. Of course, if the wheelchair 25 is being rehabilitated so that the condition of the seated person 21 changes day by day, it is easy to adjust the length with the locking bracket 13 to enhance the feeling of adhesion.

The posture of the seated person 21 is not the orientation of the pelvis 22 with the sciatic bone 23 facing down as in the case of standing upright, but sits in a relaxed and seated state so that the back is slightly rounded. That is, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the pelvis 22 tilts the sciatic bone 23 obliquely forward, so that the hip 23 is inclined so that it faces the inclined surface 9 of the seating surface portion 4 of the sitting aid 1. Sit on top of 9. Then, even if the seat surface portion 4 is not fixed, an appropriate friction of the pile on the bottom surface side of the seat surface portion 4 can be obtained by the load of the seated person 21, so that the seat can be used satisfactorily without sliding down from the chair. And since it is enough to support the sciatica with the inclined surface 9 so as to face directly from the bottom, the body is stable without much special support from there to the tip of the foot. It is not necessary to support the sole of the foot all the way to the knee, and it is sufficient if the sole is placed on the ground or a footrest. Therefore, the seating aid does not need to have a particularly long seating surface and can be made compact.

And when seated on the seating aid 1 of the present invention, the exterior body 1 also gently curves in the shape of the body from the back of the seated person 21 to the lower back, so to speak, so to speak, it wraps up as a whole. To be held. As a result, the body is not easily tilted to the left and right, and the seated person 21 can naturally sit at the center of the seating assisting tool 1, so that the handicapped person can easily hold the posture stably for a long time without breaking the sitting position. Become.

In order to keep the seat surface portion 4 stably on the seat surface of the chair when not seated, a string 16 with a hook-and-loop fastener is provided on the bottom surface of the seat surface so as to surround the seat surface of the chair. The protruding surface of the hook-and-loop fastener at the tip of the threaded string 16 may be attached to the pile surface of the bottom surface 5 of the seat surface portion 4 and gently locked.

In addition, the seating surface assisting tool described in the third embodiment is preferably applied to a front seat 30 of an automobile as shown in FIG. The string 12 provided at the upper left and right upper ends of the back surface is suspended so that the string 12 straddles the column of the headrest 30 of the front seat for an automobile, and the string 12 is locked by the locking body 11, and the length of the string 12 is adjusted. Then sit down and use. Alternatively, the hook 33 may be pulled to adjust the back support more closely. And since the cushion below the seat surface is detachable with a flat fastener, depending on the shape of the seat, it can be removed as appropriate, and the cushion slope can be replaced with a more gentle one Can be used.

In addition, the seating surface assisting device described in the fourth embodiment is preferably applied to a chair 24 for school children, for example. These school children's chairs are generally made by bending and welding a metal pipe and having a seating surface and a back surface made of wooden plates. In addition, since the sizes are standardized in advance according to the growth of schoolchildren, it is assumed that the height of the folded portion is adjusted in advance so that the height matches the height. Then, as shown in FIG. 15, the folded portion 31 that is folded back on the side opposite to the upper surface of the back portion is hooked on the backrest (back portion) 32, hooked on the backrest, and further fixed to the tip of the folded portion. A string 12 for use is provided and locked to the pipe portion of the chair. When seated, the seat surface 4 can be moved slightly forward so that it swings, so that both the back and the seat surface fit the seated person and support the body pressure in a distributed manner.

(Measurement of body pressure dispersion)
The case where the present invention product was installed in a wheelchair and the case where the product was not installed were measured and evaluated for the body pressure dispersion of the seated person. A portable contact pressure measuring device “Palm Q CR-490” manufactured by Cape Co., Ltd. is used for the measurement, and a sensor pad is installed around the abutment of the ischium, and the center of the ascia and the left of the b isch , C front, d ischial right side, e back, the pressure applied to 5 points was measured respectively.

[Correction 06.11.2014 based on Rule 91]
Table 1 and FIGS. 10 (i) to (iii) show the measurement results of three subjects in order. The subjects are (i) healthy person, (ii) elderly person 1, and (iii) elderly person 2. The elderly in (ii) and (iii) are able to maintain a sitting posture on a wheelchair by themselves, but are rehabilitating with some difficulty in walking due to cerebrovascular disorder paralysis.

[Correction 06.11.2014 based on Rule 91]

As a result of the measurement, in both healthy and elderly people, when the present invention is not used, at least five points a to e measured in a cross are projected and a part with a large load is observed. It was. Thus, when the load is concentrated at one point, it is not suitable for sitting for a long time. This is because a part of the body remains tense due to the local load, and fatigue accumulates.

On the other hand, when sitting on the product of the present invention, the values at the five measurement points all showed low values, and no bias toward one point was observed. That is, in the case of the product of the present invention, the body pressure around the seat bone of the seated person is evenly distributed, and further, the dispersed pressure is compared with the case of not using it even when the values at five locations are integrated. Since the value is small, it is suggested that the body pressure is more widely dispersed. In this way, in the case of elderly people who are difficult to maintain their body posture, when not in use, the posture was blurred from side to side or biased back and forth. No local concentration was observed, and it was confirmed that the load was moderately dispersed.

For comparison, a state in which body pressure is applied when sitting on a wheelchair when the auxiliary device of the present invention is not used is shown. FIG. 11 shows measurement results when seated on a wheelchair manufactured by Panthera, Sweden. Panthera wheelchairs are known as high performance wheelchairs that are relatively comfortable and comfortable. The measurement of the comparative example was carried out under the guidance of Assistant Professor Tadahiko Kamagaya of Department of Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, Gunma University School of Health Sciences, and each pressure is displayed in shades from black to white . Black is the part with the lowest pressure, and white indicates the part with the highest pressure. A measurement sheet in which a large number of pressure sensors are arranged on the entire seat surface is placed on the seat surface or the back surface, and a person is seated on the measurement sheet. FIG. Is the seat side. A white spot showing extremely high pressure concentration on both the left and right sides was recognized behind the buttocks on the seat surface side of (b). It can be seen that when a person who is extremely handicapped such as a disabled person who regularly uses a wheelchair is used, it is not always preferable to sit on the seat for a long time because the posture cannot be changed.

From the above, sitting with the product of the present invention has the effect that the body pressure is widely distributed for both healthy and elderly people such as the elderly and can be seated more comfortably for a long time. It was confirmed numerically.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Seating aid 2 Exterior body 3 Back surface part 4 Seat surface part 5 Bottom surface 6 Internal space 7 Cushion 8 Low-elasticity foam 9 Inclined surface 10 Core material 11 Locking body 12 String 13 Locking metal fitting 14 Reinforcement member 15 Metal frame 16 Surface Zippered string 17 Orientation of sciatic bottom 18 Urethane film 19 Neoprene 20 Y-shaped reinforcing member 21 Seated person 22 Pelvis 23 Sciatic bone 24 Chair 25 Wheelchair 26 Hand handle 27 Intestinal lumbar muscle group 28 Gluteus muscle group 29 Headrest 30 Front seat 31 Folded part 32 heel back (back)
33 hook

Claims

A seating aid that is used by placing a seat surface portion of the exterior body on a chair or a wheelchair having a back of the exterior body composed of a back surface and a seat surface portion and a cushion on the seat surface portion,
The cushion gradually increases in thickness from the rear of the seat surface toward the center of the seat surface, and has an inclined surface with the upper surface of the seat surface gradually increased from the rear of the seat surface toward the center. Has
The seating aid is characterized in that the exterior body supports the back surface and the seat surface of the seated person by suspending the back surface portion from above the back of the chair or wheelchair.
A seating aid that is used by placing a seat surface portion of the exterior body on a chair or a wheelchair having a back of the exterior body composed of a back surface and a seat surface portion and a cushion on the seat surface portion,
The cushion gradually increases in thickness from the rear of the seat surface toward the center of the seat surface, and the upper surface of the seat surface is gradually increased from the rear of the seat surface toward the center. It has an inclined surface to support this in front of the sciatic bone,
The exterior body is provided with a locking body whose length can be variably adjusted at the left and right upper end portions of the back surface portion, and is suspended from a chair or a wheelchair by adjusting the length of the locking body. A seating aid that supports a back surface and a seating surface of a seated person by bringing the locked exterior body into contact with the back surface of the seated person.
The seating aid is only suspended and locked by a chair or wheelchair back, and the seating surface bottom of the seating aid is placed without being locked to the chair or wheelchair. The seating assisting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seating assisting device is only one.
The seating aid is characterized in that the exterior body hangs the exterior body by hooking a folded portion to the back side provided above the back surface portion on the upper end of the back of the chair or wheelchair. The seating aid according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
The seating aid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the exterior body is formed of a warp knitted solid knitted fabric having stretchability and air permeability.
The seating aid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the exterior body is provided with a Y-shaped reinforcing member at a position near the seat surface portion on the back surface portion thereof.
The seating assist according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cushion is a composite material having a low-rebound resilience foam in an upper layer and a hard foam resin as a core material in a lower layer. Ingredients.
The seating assisting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cushion is detachably attached with a flat fastener below a seat surface portion of the exterior body.