JP2019141539A - Placing-on-chair-seat type seating aid - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a seating aid that, in spite of a position with an inclined pelvis in seating, is capable of comfortably maintaining the body for a long period and that in addition facilitates an action of standing up.SOLUTION: A back cushion 2 has a contact support slope 6 that is formed from the upper end part to the lower end part 4 in front by having thickness from the upper end part toward the lower end part. A bottom cushion 3 has a thigh support slope 9 that is formed by having thickness from the rear end part 7 toward the center part 8, and has a front-downward under-knee slope 11 that is formed by having a slightly thinner thickness from the center part 8 toward the front end part 10. The placing-on-chair-seat type seating aid is characterized in that the inclination of the contact support slope 6 of the cushion is 45°-80° and that the thigh support slope 9 is made continuous at an angle of 85°-110° in the side view to the contact support slope 6.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a seating aid for providing a comfortable and comfortable seating posture that can be used by being placed on a seat surface of a chair or a wheelchair and can be held for a long time.

  In general chairs, the correct sitting posture has been conventionally considered to be a posture in which the body is seated while holding the trunk in the standing position and the back is stretched out. Certainly, when standing, the head is on the vertical line of the spine line that gently draws the S-shape, and the center of gravity of the body is located on the vertical line of the contact surface with the ground. Can be said to be a reasonable posture from the viewpoint of the center of gravity.

  As a premise of this standing posture, the human trunk and lower limbs will be described. The human trunk and lower limbs are connected via a pelvis. That is, the upper part of the pelvis is connected to the fifth lumbar vertebra by the sacral base, and the lower part is connected to the femoral head by a joint with the acetabulum. The bones that make up the pelvis are the sacrum, the tailbone, and the left and right hipbones. The hipbone consists of three parts: the iliac bone, the pubic bone, and the ischial bone.

  When the person is in an upright posture (the posture in which the spinal column has a double S shape when viewed from the side), the pelvis is in a vertically stable shape with the ischia positioned at the lowest side. And the state where the ear holes, shoulders (shoulders), greater trochanter (bone at the base of the hip joint), slightly forward of the knee, and the external fruit (external ankle) are in a straight line, the beautiful posture (side) The spinal column is assumed to have a double S-shape.

  Based on the same idea as in the standing position, when sitting down, when the vertical line is dropped from the center of gravity of the body, the area around the seat bone is in contact with the seat surface of the chair from the back of the thigh. The orientation is such that the perpendicular line is located on the side. In fact, there are many chairs that can be used to sit down with your back straight. Chairs have been created that maintain the stretched state of the spine, such as an upright posture, even when seated, by devising the position and angle of the seat and back.

  However, if sitting in this posture, a large load is applied to the sciatic bone, and a biased load is applied to a part of the buttocks contacting the seat surface. Also, in order to maintain the same posture for a long time, the muscle strength balance makes the posture unreasonable. Therefore, there is a need to search for different orientations instead of reproducing the posture based on the standing posture, which has been assumed to be ideal, at the time of sitting.

  Therefore, the present inventor considers the balance between the skeleton and the muscles for ergonomic differences in posture between standing and sitting, and the back is rounded in the relaxed state during sitting so far. It is found to be natural.

  First, when a person is standing in an upright position, the two muscles of the lower abdominal side, the iliopsoas muscle group, and the buttocks side, the gluteal muscle group, act as antagonistic muscles. The pelvis is firmly and stably held in the “standing position” where the sciatic bone is located directly under the tension that pulls each other across a stable joint. That is, when standing upright, the balance is established by the tension of the front and rear antagonist muscles, so that the posture can be easily maintained without using much muscle strength.

  However, when a person takes a sitting posture and the hip joint bends nearly 90 degrees, the lower abdominal side of the “intestinal psoas muscle group” becomes closer to the position of the lumbar vertebrae and the thighbone, where the muscles are attached. Tension is weakened because the muscles that had been loosened. On the other hand, the “gluteal muscle group” on the buttock side is extended so as to wrap around from the pelvis to the femur centering on the hip joint, so that a high tension is applied.

  Therefore, when the antagonistic muscles such as the iliopsoas muscle group and gluteal muscle group that support the pelvis try to balance the tension in the sitting position, in the standing position, the sciatic bone is positioned downward and the "standing position" is vertical. The pelvis that is in the position tilts so as to push the ischia forward, resulting in an “inclined position”. That is, the muscle tension in the standing posture in which the pelvis is stabilized in the vertical position acts as the muscle tension that tilts the pelvis around the hip joint in the sitting posture.

  Then, since the pelvis as the foundation is tilted, extra muscular strength is required to maintain the vertebrae including the lumbar vertebrae positioned above the vertebrae so as to maintain a straightly extending posture. That is, if the position of the pelvis or lumbar vertebra is the sciatic bone and the sciatic bottom is in a horizontal orientation as in the upright position, extra muscular strength is required.

  So, when healthy or disabled people sit down relaxedly, the pelvis tilts naturally and the back also rounds accordingly. From the above, the sitting posture should not be ideal when it is close to an upright posture, but rather, the orientation of the sciatic floor is “tilted” with the pelvis tilted slightly forward. Is easier. If you can sit comfortably in a posture with a rounded and curved back, there is no extra power, and it is natural and easy so you won't get tired even if you sit for a long time.

  In this regard, the inventor has invented a seating cloth for a seating aid used as a seating aid that is easy to form such an easy posture by being suspended from a backrest on a chair with a backrest (patent) References 1 and 2). Since it hangs from the backrest, it can be easily fitted to fit the person at the time of sitting, and a desired comfortable posture is appropriately induced.

JP 2016-41358 A JP 2017-70465 A

  When trying to sit so that the pelvis tilts in consideration of the balance of muscle strength so that it can relax when seated, it is desirable to have a so-called stiff posture in which the buttocks move forward. However, since it comes to be seated on the near side of the chair, if it is seated as it is on a chair having a normal dorsum (backrest), the load on the back side will be greatly applied to the seat surface. Since a large load on a part of the seat surface results in a sitting posture that cannot withstand long-term use, it has been difficult to sit for a long time in a relaxed posture.

  However, since a dedicated chair is not always prepared in advance, an auxiliary device is required to be able to maintain the posture sufficiently when taking such a posture. And when the pelvis is tilted, the posture is different from the upright position when the spinal column was S-shaped, so the load applied due to the change in the upright position is different. It is requested to grant support.

  Certainly, the sitting aid previously proposed by the present inventor in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 can provide a comfortable posture in the seated state, and is like a suspended hammock. Therefore, it is possible to realize a natural and comfortable posture by gently rocking back and forth. Therefore, once seated, it is easy to maintain an easy posture.

  However, since the seat surface is easy to swing by being suspended from the backrest, it has a large effect of maintaining its posture when seated, and it is difficult to stand up. For example, because it is a hanging structure, the buttocks are slightly shaken because it swings slightly, and even if you try to get up with a slight change in posture, there are some places where it is difficult to get up. In other words, in order to stand up, the head must be tilted forward greatly, and then it must be moved up using a reaction that has moved the center of gravity greatly forward. Furthermore, since it is assumed that it is suspended from the backrest, it is necessary to provide support and fixing means that suspends anything above the backrest, and it is necessary to provide locking means and tighten it. In addition to being limited, it was somewhat large, and it was easily affected by the shape and size of the backrest.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is a seating aid that can realize and maintain the ideal comfortable seating posture that the inventors have been aiming for, that is, at the position where the buttocks has moved slightly forward. When sitting down and holding the body on the back, the back side will be supported as a whole to disperse body pressure evenly, and the load on the vicinity of the sciatic bone will also be dispersed and difficult to concentrate locally It is a structure that does not need to be fixed to the backrest, and can be placed with a simple structure, while it is a sitting aid that allows the wearer to sit comfortably for a long time with a relaxed posture An object of the present invention is to provide a placement-type seating aid for a chair seat surface that makes it easy to stand up from the chair.

  Means for solving the problems of the present invention is that in the first means, the back surface cushion (2), the front lower end portion (4) and the rear end portion (7) of the back surface cushion (2) can be bent. A seat-type seating aid (1) for a chair seat surface that is connected to the bottom cushion (3), the back cushion (2) from the upper end (5) toward the lower end. It is provided with an abutting support slope (6) formed from the upper end (5) to the front lower end (4) by becoming thick, and the bottom cushion (3) is formed from the rear end (7) to the center ( 8) The thigh support slope (9) formed by becoming thicker toward the surface (8), and the wall thickness is made slightly thinner from the central part (8) toward the front end (10). A slope of the abutment support (6) having a slope of 45 ° to 80 °. Further, the thigh support slope (9) is connected to the abutment support slope (6) at an angle of 85 ° to 110 ° in a side view, and is mounted on the chair seat surface. A seating aid.

  Rather than suspend the seating aid, it should be possible to place it on the seat without any special use of a fixing member, and the thigh support slope where the seat bone abuts against the inclination of the back is arranged almost perpendicularly. Thus, even if it is a stiff posture, it is a posture that does not slide forward, and by lowering the knee, the load movement that changes to a standing position is facilitated and it is easy to stand up.

  When the sitting aid of the present invention is installed in a chair or wheelchair, a healthy person or disabled person can easily take a comfortable relaxed posture in which the pelvis is tilted to push the sciatic forward, The sitting posture can be maintained for a long time. And since the exterior body abuts so as to wrap from the back of the seat to the back of the seat from the back of the seated person to the waist, the load of the seated person can be widely dispersed, and it can be avoided that the load concentrates locally. Even if you sit for a long time, it will be less fatigued.

  When the pelvis is seated in a state where the ischia is tilted forward (relaxed posture), the sciatica tilted by the inclined surface of the upper surface of the seating surface of the seating aid of the present invention is received from the bottom. Then, the cushion on the seating surface can be supported in contact with the sciatic bone (the direction of the sciatic bottom) with the inclined surface inclined, so that it remains in an easy-to-go posture. The load can be supported appropriately and sufficiently from below the sciatica. At that time, since the stretchable material supports the back side so as to wrap, the load does not concentrate on one point of the cushion material received under the sciatic bone, and the body pressure is appropriately dispersed. And since the function is fully fulfilled by supporting the sciatic portion on the inclined surface of the seat surface, it is not necessary to extend the seat surface long under the knee, and it can be made compact.

  In addition, since the sitting aid is placed on the seat surface of a chair or the like, there is no need for a device to suspend and support the sitting aid on the backrest, and there is no need to fix it, so the shape of the backrest on the back can be chosen. The range of application is likely to expand.

  When sitting in a posture in which the back is slightly rounded and the pelvis is tilted, the contact support slope (6) with which the lower back of the seated person touches is not a vertical surface that is 90 ° upright, but 45 ° to 80 °. Therefore, it can be easily adapted to the pelvic tilt and back curvature. The thigh support slope (9) that supports the buttocks and thighs with respect to the abutment support slope (6) crosses at a position of 85 ° to 110 °, and thus tilts. A surface almost perpendicular to the pelvis is received from the bottom side.

Then, even if you sit in a slightly slanted posture, you can catch it at a right angle from the bottom of the sit bone relatively, so even in a slanted posture, the body does not slip forward, and an easy posture is kept as it is It can be held.
In other words, by providing a thigh support slope that intersects at 85 ° to 110 °, preferably 90 ° to 105 °, with respect to the slope of the abutment support slope, it is perpendicular to the back inclination of the stiff posture. The bottom surface can be used as a seating surface, and it can sit down stably without slipping forward.
Further, since the slope below the knee is inclined downward toward the front, the knee is not easily lifted, and the standing motion of the rising motion can be easily lifted without lifting the waist when standing with the heels of both feet. If the lower knee is cut low toward the front, the femur tends to extend horizontally from the position of the hip joint, and the upper thigh is easy to maintain almost horizontal to the knee, so that the load movement when standing up is smooth Therefore, the rising operation can be made compact and it can stand up without difficulty.

It is the figure which looked at the seating assistance tool of one Embodiment of this invention from the side. It is a perspective view of the seating aid of one embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which folded the seating assistance tool of one Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, a case where the seating aid of the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a chair will be described as an example with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
In addition, even if it is a chair and a wheelchair, it can apply, and if it is a chair of the seat surface with a backrest fundamentally, it can mount and use for this. In the seating aid (1) of the present invention, the seating posture of the seated person (21) is not to sit at a position where the sciata is straight down as when the pelvis is upright, but the sciatic bone is slanted. It can be used in a relaxed posture where the pelvis is seated in a slightly tilted posture. At the time of sitting, the seating aid (1) according to the present invention can be seated with the scapula placed on the thigh support slope (9) so as to face the inclination of the sciatica (the direction of the sciatic bottom). The body of the seated person (21) is comfortably held in a state where it is firmly supported by the back surface portion and the seat surface portion, so that the body pressure can be comfortably dispersed and seated for a long time.

  FIG. 1 shows a side view of an embodiment of the present invention. The left is the bottom cushion (3), the right is the back cushion (2), the left is the front, and the right is the back. Therefore, the seated person sits with his face facing the left in the figure. In the following description, the front refers to the front side of the leg according to the seating direction and the back side of the buttocks as the back or the back. Note that FIG. 3 shows a state in which the seating aid (1) in FIG. 2 is folded, but the seating aid (1) in FIG. 2 is merely an example of the present invention, and the interior of the seat cloth is shown. A seating aid or the like in which these cushion structures are stored may be used, and the shape is not limited to the shape shown in this drawing. However, in the following description, only the simplest cushion structure will be described with reference to the drawings.

Now, the seating aid (1) of the present invention combines two cushions having a width of 30 to 45 cm. (Hereinafter, the width of 38 cm is shown as an example.) For the back cushion (2) and the bottom cushion (3), urethane foam, polyethylene foam, low resilience foam, and the like can be applied as appropriate. The hardness may be changed between the back portion and the bottom portion, and is not limited to the same material.
For example, when a polyethylene foam having a density of 20 to 40 kg / m ³ and a hardness of about 100 to 130 N is selected, the hardness becomes high.

The back cushion (2) has, for example, a right-angled triangle in a side view, the front lower end (4) side of the lower end (12) has an acute angle, and the back side has a right angle (not limited to a right angle) In this description, it will be described with a right angle.)
The rear end portion (7) of the bottom portion cushion (3) is positioned at a position facing the front lower end portion (4), and the bottom portion cushion (3) and the rear portion cushion (2) become a gap. It is connected by wrapping it in an exterior body by covering it with a cloth. The exterior fabric is not particularly limited, but using a knit fabric with a closely-raised loop called the so-called B-side knit, which is exposed on the outer surface, is suitable for preventing slippage with the seat surface. is there.

  The back cushion (3) has a height of about 15 to 25 mm at the front end, about 25 to 35 mm at the center (8), and about 1 to 2 mm at the rear end (7) when the knee is forward. The upper front surface is the lower slope (11), and the front surface is inclined so as to be lower. The thigh support slope (9) is the rear end portion (9). 7) The slope is inclined so as to be low.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the right triangle of the back cushion (2) has a height (back surface height) (a) of 100 to 300 mm and a base length (b) of 40 to 200 mm, for example. The part cushion (3) has a length of (c) of 100 to 220 mm, and a length of (d) is about the length to the back of the knee of the seated person. The angle (α) of the front lower end (4) of the right triangle is 45 ° to 80 °, and the contact support inclined surface (6) is inclined backward by this angle. In addition, (a) should just be about the height of a pelvis. In addition, the length of (c) can be taken as a guideline by adding about 30 mm further forward from the position where the seat bone of the seated person abuts.

Further, the abutting support slope (right side of the right triangle) (6) of the back cushion (2) and the thigh support slope (9) of the bottom side cushion (3) are inclined by the slope of the right side triangle (9). It is formed so as to be about 85 ° to 110 ° with respect to α), desirably 90 ° to 105 °. That is, the angle (β) in FIG. 1 is 85 ° to 110 °.
In addition, although it is supposed that the exterior body uses the B surface knit material densely raised in a loop shape, for example, a double raschel fabric may be sewn and wrapped so as to connect two cushions.

(How to use)
Since the seat surface auxiliary tool (1) of the present invention is used by being placed on the seat surface of a chair or a wheelchair, it does not require any special support means such as hanging, of course, for prevention of falling, etc. It is not hindered to restrain the seat surface and backrest with the auxiliary string as appropriate. If it is FIG. 1, it will mount with the left facing the seat front and the right facing the backrest side.

  The posture of the seated person (21) is not the orientation of the pelvis with the sciatic bone facing down, as in the case of standing upright, but sits in a relaxed and seated state so that the back is slightly rounded. In other words, since the pelvis is tilted forward by the pelvis obliquely, the scapula is inclined to this slope (9) so as to face the thigh support slope (9) of the bottom cushion (3) of the seating aid (1). 9) Sit down on top of it. Then, since the bottom cushion (3) receives the load of the seated person 21 from the front, the load is not lost forward, and the posture can be maintained without falling off the chair. And, it is enough to support the sciatica with the thigh support slope (9) so that it faces directly from below, so that the body will be stable without much special support from there to the tip of the foot. Become.

  And when seated on the seating aid 1 of the present invention, unlike the conventional hammock as in Patent Documents 1 and 2 of the inventor, the knee rises smoothly as a result of being cut low. Therefore, the burden of the rising operation is low.

(Measurement of posture change when standing up from sitting posture)
Now, how is the rising from the seating state between the suspension type seating aid (Comparative Example 1) described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 and the seating aid (Example 1) of the embodiment of the present invention? Whether they are different or not, the situation of the male and female subjects standing up from the side was recorded in a photograph, and the differences in how the torso and head moved were compared. In addition, the accelerometer was attached to the back of the head, and the operation of getting up from the sitting posture, sitting up and standing up was repeated, and the difference between the accelerometers was observed.
Regarding the posture change at the time of standing up, the embodiment of the present invention is placed on the seat surface of the wheelchair, and the state in which the subject 1 (male) and the subject 2 (female) stand up sequentially is recorded with a photograph from the side. By plotting the displacement, the difference due to the sitting aid was observed.

  When the position of the ear canal at the time of sitting is set to x: 0, y: 0, when trying to stand up from a comfortable posture state by sitting on the hanging-type seat cloth of Comparative Example 1, first, the chest of the torso reaches to above the knee It was found that after tilting and sinking so that the head was considerably tilted forward, it stood up.

(Comparative Example 1 Subject 1)
That is, in the case of the conventional hanging type, in the subject 1, after i) x: 102.5 cm, y: −25 cm moved forward from the sitting position of x: 0, Y: 0, and tilted forward Iii) x: 112.5 cm, y: -5 cm, iv) x: 110 cm, y: 25 cm after the ear canal passes, and v) x: 85 cm, y: It stood up and stopped at a position of 55 cm.

(Example 1 Subject 1)
Seated i) x: 0 cm, y: 0 cm, ii) x: 45 cm, y: 0 cm, iii) x: 90 cm, y: 17.5 cm, iv) x: 90 cm, y: 37.5 cm, v) X: 75 cm, y: 55 cm.
That is, since the forward tilting operation was as small as 20 cm and no sinking was observed, a compact load-free operation such as rising up just by tilting the trunk was achieved.

(Comparative Example 2 Subject 1)
Next, instead of the cushion of Example 1 on the wheelchair, as Comparative Example 2, a case where a seat was seated on a cushion in which the slope of the thigh support slope was extended as it was to the lower knee without providing the slope below the knee was compared.
Seated i) x: 0 cm, y: 0 cm, ii) x: 90 cm, y: −25 cm, iii) x: 110 cm, y: −15 cm, iv) x: 110 cm, y: 20 cm, v) X: 75 cm, y: 55 cm.
In this way, if the slope below the knee is not provided, the hip joint will not extend horizontally from the pelvis and the leg will face diagonally upward, so that it will sit too deep and tilt the torso forward to stand up It is necessary to use the reaction.

(Comparative Example 1 Subject 2)
Next, the test subject 2 was also tested.
Seated i) x: 0 cm, y: 0 cm, ii) x: 65 cm, y: −10 cm, iii) x: 100 cm, y: 20 cm, iv) x: 95 cm, y: 40 cm, v) X: 75 cm, y : 55 cm.

(Example 1 Subject 2)
Seated i) x: 0 cm, y: 0 cm, ii) x: 47.5 cm, y: 5 cm, iii) x: 67.5 cm, y: 10 cm, iv) x: 75 cm, y: 40 cm, v) X: 75 cm, y: 55 cm.
Compared to the suspension type of Comparative Example 1, it was found that the test example 1 also used the test example 2 so that the depth of tilting the trunk forward when standing up was shallower, the movement distance was small, and the body stood compactly. .

  Next, a cushion of a seating aid similar to that of the first embodiment is placed on the chair instead of the wheelchair (referred to as the second embodiment), and for comparison, the chair is not provided with a lower knee slope below the front knee and below the knee. Then, a cushion (Comparative Example 3) in which the lower knee was raised while the inclination of the thigh support slope was maintained was prepared, and the standing postures of these were compared.

(Comparative Example 3 Subject 1)
Seated i) x: 0 cm, y: 0 cm, ii) x: 80 cm, y: −10 cm, iii) x: 90 cm, y: 7.5 cm, iv) x: 90 cm, y: 20 cm, v) X: 75 cm , Y: 50 cm.
(Example 2 Subject 2)
Seated i) x: 0 cm, y: 0 cm, ii) x: 72.5 cm, y: 0 cm, iii) x: 85 cm, y: 10 cm, iv) x: 80 cm, y: 30 cm, v) X: 67. 5 cm, y: 50 cm.
Although slightly, in Comparative Example 3 without the lower knee slope, in comparison to Example 2, it was necessary to stand up after leaning forward by about 10 cm and lowering the body deeply by about 10 cm when standing up from the chair.

A comparative experiment with the presence or absence of a slope below the knee was conducted in the same manner on the chair, instead of the subject.
(Comparative Example 3 Subject 2)
Seated i) x: 0 cm, y: 0 cm, ii) x: 75 cm, y: -15 cm, iii) x: 85 cm, y: 10 cm, iv) x: 85 cm, y: 22.5 cm, v) X: 60 cm , Y: 45 cm.
(Example 2 Subject 2)
Seated i) x: 0 cm, y: 0 cm, ii) x: 57.5 cm, y: -2.5 cm, iii) x: 65 cm, y: 22.5 cm, iv) x: 62.5 cm, y: 27 0.5 cm, v) X: 50 cm, y: 45 cm.
In subject 2 as well, the forward tilt and sinking of the body were greater when there was no slope below the knee.

  From the above, when sitting using the product of the present invention, it can be said that the operating load at the time of rising is much smaller than that of the hanging type seating assisting tool, and that it is easy to stand up. If you are a healthy person, you can get up with any of the sitting aids, but if you are an elderly person with a weak body or a handicapped person, a chair with a lower load on your body and a chair that can stand up more easily for a caregiver will help you. Becomes easy. In addition, by cutting lower below the knee, if you can sit down with your legs straight and horizontally from the hip joint, you can stand up easily even in a relaxed and stiff posture, so you can easily stand up from a comfortable posture with less load It turned out to be a thing.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Seating aid 2 Back surface cushion 3 Bottom surface cushion 4 Front lower end portion 5 Upper end portion 6 Contact support slope 7 Rear end portion 8 Center portion 9 Thigh support slope 10 Front end portion 11 Knee slope 12 Lower end portion 21 Seated person

Claims (1)

A chair seat surface comprising a back cushion (2) and a bottom cushion (3) in which the front lower end (4) and the rear end (7) of the back cushion (2) are connected in a bendable manner. A mounting-type seating aid (1),
The back cushion (2) has a contact support slope (6) formed from the upper end (5) to the front lower end (4) by becoming thicker from the upper end (5) to the lower end. Prepared,
The bottom surface cushion (3) is formed such that the bottom surface cushion (3) becomes thicker from the rear end portion (7) toward the central portion (8), and the thigh support slope (9) is formed from the central portion (8) to the front end portion. (10) comprising a forward and downward knee slope (11) formed by being slightly thinner toward the wall;
The slope of the abutment support slope (6) is 45 ° -80 °,
Further, the thigh support slope (9) is connected to the contact support slope (6) at an angle of 85 ° to 110 ° in a side view,
A mounting seating aid for a chair seat.

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