WO2014207838A1 - 楽器及び楽器用部材 - Google Patents
楽器及び楽器用部材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014207838A1 WO2014207838A1 PCT/JP2013/067527 JP2013067527W WO2014207838A1 WO 2014207838 A1 WO2014207838 A1 WO 2014207838A1 JP 2013067527 W JP2013067527 W JP 2013067527W WO 2014207838 A1 WO2014207838 A1 WO 2014207838A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- musical instrument
- acoustic structure
- sound
- housing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
- G10C1/00—General design of pianos, harpsichords, spinets or similar stringed musical instruments with one or more keyboards
- G10C1/04—General design of pianos, harpsichords, spinets or similar stringed musical instruments with one or more keyboards of grand pianos
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
- G10C3/00—Details or accessories
- G10C3/06—Resonating means, e.g. soundboards or resonant strings; Fastenings thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a musical instrument and a musical instrument member.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a large roof provided in a casing of a grand piano is divided into two roof portions, and the two roof portions are individually opened and closed. It is disclosed. In this configuration, by opening only one of the two roof portions, it is possible to emphasize and pronounce only the high or low tone music. That is, a plurality of types of acoustic characteristics are realized on the same grand piano.
- hazy sound is a sound that emphasizes or lacks a specific frequency.
- sounds such as musical sounds or stuttering (direct sounds) generated from a sounding body interfere with reflected sound reflected from the housing or the wall of a room, resulting in a timbre.
- a changing phenomenon can be mentioned.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a musical instrument capable of adjusting a sound with a wrinkle generated when sound is generated from a sounding body to a sound without a wrinkle, and a member for a musical instrument attached to the musical instrument. To do.
- the musical instrument has at least one casing, a sounding body that is provided in the casing and generates sound, and a hollow portion having an opening communicating with the outside. And an acoustic structure provided in the housing.
- the acoustic structure portion may be constituted by at least one pipe, and an attachment structure for attaching the acoustic structure portion may be provided on the housing.
- the acoustic structure may be detachable from the housing.
- the acoustic structure may be housed in the housing.
- the pipe may be foldable while being detached from the housing.
- the acoustic structure portion may constitute a part of the housing.
- the musical instrument may include a key and a hammer that strikes a string that is the sounding body by a pressing force of the key.
- the musical instrument includes an operation element, and a drive unit that adjusts the generation of the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect by the pipe according to the operation of the operation element. Also good.
- the musical instrument includes a shielding member that shields the opening, and the driving unit determines a shielding amount of the opening by the shielding member according to an operation of the operation element. You may adjust.
- the musical instrument member is a member attached to the musical instrument, and has at least one hollow portion in which an opening communicating with the outside is formed.
- the sound structure (member for musical instrument) can be used even if there is a hazy sound due to coloration or the like. ) Exhibits a sound absorption effect and a scattering effect, and thus it is possible to suppress or enhance a specific frequency. That is, it is possible to arrange a sound with a habit to a sound without a habit.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the upright piano of FIG. 6 taken along the line BB ′.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a grand piano 10 which is a musical instrument according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view of the grand piano 10 as viewed from above.
- FIG. 3 is a view of the acoustic structure (instrument member) 1 in FIG. 1 as viewed in the A direction.
- the casing 11 of the grand piano 10 is a front panel that is swingably connected to a shelf board 12, a bent side board 13, a front ridge 14, a large roof 15, a protruding bar 16, and a front end of the large roof 15.
- the roof 17 includes pedal pedestals 18L and 18R, a pedal box 19, and legs 20L, 20R, and 20C.
- the bending side plate 13 is fixed along the edge of the shelf plate 12.
- the forehead 14 is installed between the parallel facing wall surfaces 41L and 41R in the bent side plate 13.
- the large roof 15 is connected to the rear side of the front wing 14 on the wall surface 41 ⁇ / b> L of the curved side plate 13.
- the thrust bar 16 is connected to the rear side of the front rod 14 on the wall surface 41 ⁇ / b> R of the curved side plate 13.
- the front roof 17 is swingably connected to the front end of the large roof 15.
- the pedal pedestals 18L and 18R extend downward from the middle of the front end portion of the back surface 12a of the shelf board 12.
- the pedal box 19 is fixed to the tips of the pedal legs 18L and 18R.
- the legs 20L, 20R, and 20C extend downward from the left and right sides of the pedal pedestals 18L and 18R on the back surface 12a of the shelf board 12 and from the respective positions in the back thereof.
- a string 33-i which is a sounding body, is stretched above each key 25-i in a space surrounded by the bent side plate 13 and the front wing 14 of the casing 11.
- An action mechanism 35-i and a damper mechanism 37-i are provided behind each key 25-i in this space.
- the action mechanism 35-i is a mechanism that converts a key pressing force with which the performer's finger presses the key 25-i into a string hitting force with which the hammer 34-i strikes the string 33-i.
- the damper mechanism 37-i applies the key pressing force with which the player's finger presses the key 63-i and the stepping force with which the performer's foot steps on the soft pedal 22, and applies the damper 36-i on the string 33-i to the string. This is a mechanism for converting to a string separation force separated from 33-i.
- the acoustic structure 1 is provided on the surface of the grand roof 15 of the grand piano 10 facing the space in the housing 11.
- the hollow portion described above is an internal space of each pipe 2-m.
- the aforementioned opening 3-m is formed in the side wall of each pipe 2-m.
- Each pipe 2-m has a prismatic appearance.
- Each pipe 2-m has side wall portions FW and BW opposed in the length direction, side wall portions UW and DW opposed in the thickness direction, and side wall portions LW and RW opposed in the width direction.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 for the sake of simplicity, the illustration of the reference numerals of the side wall portions FW, BW, UW, DW, LW, and RW in each of the pipes 2-2 to 2-10 excluding the pipe 2-1 is omitted.
- the opening portion 3-m of the pipe 2-m is provided in one of the side wall portions DW of the side wall portions UW and DW that face each other in the thickness direction of the pipe 2-m.
- the grand piano 10 itself that is a keyboard instrument has the acoustic structure 1.
- the principle of the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect generated by the pipe 2-m is as follows. As shown in FIG. 5, both ends in the length direction of the pipe 2-m are closed ends. Further, the opening 3-m of the pipe 2-m is formed, for example, at a midway portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe 2-m. That is, the pipe 2-m having the openings 3-m can be regarded as a combination of two closed pipe CP L, CP R.
- One closed pipe CP L is for opening 3-m of the pipe 2-m and the left end 90 L -m the closed end of the cavity and an open end.
- the other closed pipe CP R is the right end portion 90 R -m cavity and an opening 3-m of the pipe 2-m and an open end that a closed end.
- the former traveling wave is reflected at the closed end of the closed pipe CP L, the reflected wave is returned to the opening 3-m.
- the latter of the traveling wave is reflected at the closed end of the closed pipe CP R, the reflected wave is returned to the opening 3-m.
- L L is the length of the closed tube CP L (the length from the left end 90 L -m of the cavity to the opening 3-m).
- L R is the length of the closed pipe CP R (the length from the right end portion 90 R -m cavity to the opening 3-m).
- C is the propagation speed of the sound wave, and k is an integer of 1 or more.
- Component of the resonant frequency f L -k of sound waves radiated into reflected in the acoustic space from the opening 3-m in the closed end of the closed pipe CP L is acoustic resonant frequencies incident from the acoustic space in the opening 3-m
- the sound wave has a phase opposite to the component of f L -k.
- the incident wave from the acoustic space is reflected without phase rotation.
- the front surface of the opening 3-m on the outer surface of the side wall DW (the direction of arrival of the incident wave) the sound waves radiated from the closed pipe CP L through the opening 3-m, and waves reflected from each point in the vicinity of the opening 3-m of the outer surface of the side wall DW is another becomes reverse phase
- the phases interfere with each other, producing a sound absorption effect.
- the phase of the sound wave from the opening 3-m and the reflected wave from the outer surface of the side wall DW becomes discontinuous, and the gas that tries to eliminate the phase discontinuity A molecular flow occurs.
- a flow of acoustic energy in a direction other than the specular reflection direction with respect to the incident wave is generated around the opening 3-m on the outer surface of the side wall DW, and a scattering effect is generated.
- the opening 3 The phase of the sound wave radiated from ⁇ m to the acoustic space and the phase of the reflected wave radiated from the outer surface of the side wall portion DW to the acoustic space are in a close phase relationship. Therefore, in the frequency band of each vicinity of the resonance frequency f L -k and f R -k, sound absorbing effect and scattering effect of degree depending on the proximity of the frequency to the resonant frequency f L -k and f R -k appear.
- the above is the principle of the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect generated by the pipe 2-m.
- the grand piano 10 of this embodiment when an acoustic musical tone is generated by hitting the string 33-i with the hammer 34-i, even if a hazy sound (unpleasant tone) is generated due to coloration or the like. , Can adjust the sound with a habit to a sound without a habit.
- the sound with a habit is, for example, a sound that emphasizes a specific frequency
- the specific frequency can be suppressed by generating the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect in the specific frequency and the frequency band in the vicinity thereof. That is, it is possible to arrange a sound with a habit to a sound without a habit.
- the hazy sound is a sound that lacks a specific frequency
- the frequency can be emphasized. That is, it is possible to arrange a sound with a habit to a sound without a habit.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an upright piano 50 which is a musical instrument according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ of FIG.
- the casing 51 of the upright piano 50 includes an upper front plate 52, a lower front plate 53, a rear plate 54, a pair of parent plates 55L and 55R, a rear roof 56, a front roof 57, and a shelf plate 58.
- the upper front plate 52 and the lower front plate 53 are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction.
- the rear plate 54 is disposed to face the upper front plate 52 and the lower front plate 53.
- the pair of parent plates 55L and 55R sandwich the upper front plate 52, the lower front plate 53, and the rear plate 54 from the left and right directions.
- the rear roof 56 and the front roof 57 cover the upper ends of the upper front plate 52, the lower front plate 53, the rear plate 54, and the parent plates 55L and 55R.
- the shelf board 58, the front rod 59, and the pair of arms 60L and 60R are forwardly directed from the lower end of the upper front board 52, the upper end of the lower front board 53, and the opening surrounded by the inner wall surfaces of the pair of parent boards 55L and 55R. It protrudes.
- the pair of pedestals 62L and 62R are respectively installed between the back surface of the shelf board 58 and the respective bases 61L and 61R.
- a soft pedal 63, a sostenuto pedal 64, a damper pedal 65, and an opening area adjustment pedal 66 that are operators operated by the performer's feet are exposed from the center below the lower front plate 53 in the casing 51.
- the role of the opening area adjustment pedal 66 will be described in detail later.
- this soundboard 72 there is a soundboard 72 in front of the rear plate 54 in a space surrounded by the upper front plate 52, the lower front plate 53, the rear plate 54, the rear roof 56 and the front roof 57 of the housing 51.
- An action mechanism 69-i and a damper mechanism 71-i are provided above the rear end of the key 63-i.
- the action mechanism 69-i is a mechanism that converts a key pressing force with which the performer's finger presses the key 63-i into a string striking force with which the hammer 68-i strikes the string 67-i.
- Each pipe 6A-n of the acoustic structure portion 5A and each pipe 6B-j of the acoustic structure portion 5B have a prismatic appearance.
- Each of the pipes 6A-n and 6B-j includes side wall portions LW ′ and RW ′ opposed in the length direction, side wall portions FW ′ and BW ′ opposed in the thickness direction, and side wall portions UW ′ and DW opposed in the width direction.
- the reference numerals of the surfaces other than the side wall portions LW ′, RW ′, FW ′, BW ′, UW ′, and DW ′ of the pipe 6B-1 are omitted.
- the opening 7A-n of each pipe 6A-n of the acoustic structure 5A is provided in the side wall BW 'of the pipe 6A-n.
- the opening 7B-j of each pipe 6B-j of the acoustic structure 5B is provided on the side wall BW 'of the pipe 6B-j.
- Rails 9AU-n and 9AD-n are provided above and below the opening 7A-n in the side wall BW 'of each pipe 6A-n of the acoustic structure 5A.
- the rails 9AU-n and 9AD-n are fitted with upper and lower ends of sheet-like shielding members 8A-n (not shown).
- the shielding members 8A-n are biased toward the parent plate 55L (left direction) by an elastic body (not shown).
- Rails 9BU-j and 9BD-j are provided above and below the opening 7B-j in the side wall BW 'of each pipe 6A-j of the acoustic structure 5B.
- the rails 9BU-j and 9BD-j are fitted with upper and lower ends of a sheet-like shielding member 8B-j.
- the shielding member 8B-j is biased toward the parent plate 55L (in the direction of arrow L in the frame of FIG. 7) by an elastic body (not shown).
- a drive unit 73 is housed in the housing 51.
- the upright piano 50 of this embodiment there exists an effect similar to 1st Embodiment.
- the upright piano 50 itself which is a keyboard instrument, has the acoustic structures 5A and 5B.
- the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect can be generated in a wide band over the entire sound range of the upright piano 50. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the coloration generated in the upright piano 50 can be suppressed in a wide band.
- the operation such as returning, the mode of generating the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect is adjusted. Also good.
- the thin pipe is accommodated in the thick pipe (that is, the length of the pipe pair as a whole is shortened), and when the opening area adjustment pedal 66 is released, the thin pipe is protruded from the thick pipe (ie, the pipe). Increase tube length as a whole).
- the frequency at which the effect occurs can be changed.
- the drive unit 73 is changed from a rectangular parallelepiped cross section to a parallelogram cross section so that the cross-sectional area of the pipe in the housing is reduced when the opening area adjustment pedal 66 as an operator is depressed. When the depression of the opening area adjustment pedal 66 is released, the opening area adjustment pedal 66 is restored.
- production of the sound absorption effect and scattering effect by 4) and 6B-j (j 1-5).
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a cajon 9 that is a musical instrument according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
- the casing 90 of the cajon 9 has a hollow cubic shape.
- the housing 90 has six plates 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 having the same dimensions.
- the plates 91 and 92 are opposed to each other in the vertical direction.
- the plates 93 and 94 are opposed in the front-rear direction.
- the plates 95 and 96 are opposed in the left-right direction.
- An open sound port 97 is provided at the center of the plate 94 in the housing 90.
- the plate 93 in the housing 90 constitutes a striking surface that is struck by the palm of the performer.
- the plate 93 functions as a sounding body that generates sound when hit.
- strings 98, 99, and 100 are stretched between the plates 91 and 92 in the housing 90 as sounding bodies that generate sound.
- the portion 102-u is formed in the side wall portion LW ′′ of the pipe 101-u.
- a bell that is a different type of sounding body from the strings 98, 99, and 100 may be provided in the housing 90. Furthermore, in the housing 90, for example, strings 98, 99, 100 and bells may not be provided.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an upright piano 150 which is a musical instrument according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the main configuration of the upright piano 150 is the same as that of the upright piano 50 of the second embodiment.
- the casing 151 of the upright piano 150 includes an upper front plate 52, a lower front plate 53, a pair of parent plates 55L and 55R, a rear roof 56, a front roof 57, a shelf plate 58, and a front eave 59.
- a pair of arms 60L, 60R, a pair of wife bases 61L, 61R, and a pair of pedestals 62L, 62R (refer to FIGS. 6 and 7 for partial codes).
- the casing 151 of the present embodiment has a frame body portion 152 instead of the rear plate 54 (see FIG. 7) of the upright piano 50 of the second embodiment.
- the frame body portion 152 is configured by combining a plurality of support columns 153 so that the rigidity of the housing 151 is improved.
- the soundboard 72 arranged in the space of the casing 151 is exposed to the outside through the gaps between the plurality of columns 153.
- the casing 151 includes a pin plate 154 and a frame 155.
- the pin plate is disposed above the sound board 72 in the space of the housing.
- a tuning pin 156 for adjusting the tension of the string 67-i is attached to the pin plate 154.
- the frame 155 is disposed in front of the soundboard 72 and the pin plate 154 in the space of the housing 151. The frame 155 supports both ends of the stretched string 67-i.
- the housing 151 is provided with a support portion 157 that supports the acoustic structure portion 160A as an attachment structure for attaching an acoustic structure portion 160A described later to the housing 151.
- the support portion 157 is formed integrally with the upper front plate 52. The support portion 157 protrudes from the upper front plate 52 into the space of the housing 151.
- the upright piano 150 of this embodiment has two acoustic structure parts (members for musical instruments) 160A and 160B, as in the second embodiment.
- the two acoustic structure portions 160A and 160B are housed in the casing 151 as in the first and second embodiments.
- Each acoustic structure 160A, 160B is configured by pipes 161A, 161B in which openings 162A, 162B are formed in the side wall surrounding the internal cavity.
- each acoustic structure 160A, 160B is constituted by one pipe 161A, 161B.
- each acoustic structure 160A, 160B may be configured by a plurality of pipes 161A, 161B, for example, as in the second embodiment.
- Each pipe 161A, 161B has a prismatic appearance as in the second embodiment.
- the pipes 161A and 161B include side wall portions LW ′ and RW ′ (see FIG. 6) opposed in the length direction, side wall portions FW ′ and BW ′ opposed in the thickness direction, and side wall portions UW ′ and DW opposed in the width direction.
- side wall portions LW ′ and RW ′ opposed in the length direction
- side wall portions FW ′ and BW ′ opposed in the thickness direction
- FIG. 10 openings 162A and 162B are formed in the side wall BW '.
- the openings 162A and 162B may be formed in, for example, other side wall portions LW ′, RW ′, FW ′, UW ′, and DW ′.
- the pipes 161A and 161B are configured by flexible sheets such as cardboard, for example.
- the pipes 161A and 161B are foldable as shown in FIG.
- the corner portions of the side wall portions FW ′ and DW ′ so that the side wall portions FW ′ and DW ′ overlap and the side wall portions BW ′ and UW ′ overlap, And what is necessary is just to bend pipe 161A, 161B in the corner
- the side wall portions LW 'and RW' opposed in the length direction may be removed from the other parts of the pipes 161A and 161B.
- the first acoustic structure 160 ⁇ / b> A is located in a region surrounded by the upper front plate 52, the shelf plate 58, the rear roof 56, the front roof 57, and the frame 155 in the space of the housing 151. It is arranged.
- the first acoustic structure 160A is disposed above the action mechanism 69-i and the damper mechanism 71-i.
- the first acoustic structure 160A is placed on a support portion 157 formed on the upper front plate 52 so that the opening 162A of the pipe 161A is not blocked by the upper front plate 52, the support portion 157, and the like. Yes. Accordingly, the first acoustic structure portion 160A is detachably attached to the housing 151.
- the first acoustic structure portion 160 ⁇ / b> A placed on the support portion 157 is in contact with the surface of the upper front plate 52 facing the soundboard 72.
- the first acoustic structure portion 160 ⁇ / b> A may be arranged, for example, at an interval with respect to the surface of the upper front plate 52 facing the soundboard 72.
- the second acoustic structure portion 160 ⁇ / b> B is arranged in an area between the lower front plate 53 and the frame 155 in the space of the housing 151.
- the second acoustic structure 160B is placed on the bottom plate 158 so that the opening 162B of the pipe 161B is not blocked by the lower front plate 53, the bottom plate 158, and the like of the casing 151. Accordingly, the second acoustic structure portion 160B is detachably attached to the housing 151.
- the upright piano 150 of the present embodiment According to the upright piano 150 of the present embodiment, the same effects as those of the second embodiment can be obtained. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, if one or more pipes 161A and 161B (or acoustic structure portions 160A and 160B) are provided, an acoustic musical sound can be obtained by hitting the string 67-i with the hammer 68-i. When generated, even if a hazy sound (unpleasant timbre) occurs due to coloration or the like, the hazy sound can be adjusted to a sound without haze.
- a hazy sound unpleasant timbre
- the mounting structure for example, the support portion 157) of the acoustic structure portions 160A and 160B is provided in the casing 151
- the upright piano excluding the acoustic structure portions 160A and 160B is manufactured.
- the acoustic structure portions 160 ⁇ / b> A and 160 ⁇ / b> B can be attached to the housing 151.
- the acoustic structures 160A and 160B are detachable from the casing 151, a plurality of types of acoustic structures 160A and 160B having different characteristics of the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect can be easily replaced.
- the acoustic structure portions 160A and 160B that are optimal for adjusting the sound of the sound (tone color).
- the acoustic structures 160A and 160B are housed in the casing 151, it is possible to maintain a good appearance of the upright piano even if the acoustic structures 160A and 160B are attached to the upright piano.
- the support portion 157 that supports the acoustic structure portions 160A and 160B is not limited to being formed on the upper front plate 52.
- the support portion 157 may be formed on other constituent members of the casing 151 such as the lower front plate 53 and the frame 155.
- the support part 157 may utilize the conventional structure of an upright piano, such as an adjustment screw which adjusts the position of a hammer rail, for example.
- the attachment structure for attaching the acoustic structure portions 160A and 160B to the housing 151 is not limited to the support portion 157, and may be any structure such as an adhesive, a hook-and-loop fastener, a hook, and a rail.
- the attachment structure is preferably a structure such as a hook-and-loop fastener, a hook, and a rail provided in the housing 151.
- the attachment structure may utilize the conventional structure of an upright piano.
- the attachment structure may be a frame body portion 152 of the housing 151.
- the acoustic structure portion 160C can be attached to the casing by fitting the acoustic structure portion (member for musical instrument) 160C between the columns 153 of the frame body portion 152.
- the acoustic structure 160C is configured by arranging a plurality of pipes 161C in which the openings 162C are formed, but the configuration is not limited thereto.
- the attachment structure for attaching the acoustic structure portion to the casing 151 is not limited to being provided in the casing 151.
- the attachment structure may be provided in the acoustic structure 160A.
- a hook 163 as an attachment structure is integrally fixed to the acoustic structure 160A. The hook 163 is hooked on, for example, the upper end of the upper front plate 52, so that the acoustic structure 160A can be attached to the casing 151.
- the mounting structure for attaching the acoustic structure to the housing can also be applied to the grand piano of the first embodiment and the cajon of the third embodiment.
- the mounting structure for attaching the acoustic structure portion to the housing 11 is, for example, arranged on the surface of the large roof 15 facing the space in the housing 11 or in the space in the housing 11. It is possible to provide it in a frame.
- the attachment structure may utilize the frame and frame part which are the conventional structures of the grand piano 10, for example.
- the frame part is the same as the frame part 152 of the fourth embodiment, and is provided at the lower part of the grand piano 10.
- the acoustic structure can be placed on the frame.
- the acoustic structure portion can be fitted between the plurality of support columns of the frame body portion.
- FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an upright piano 180 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the main configuration of the upright piano 180 is the same as that of the upright piano 150 of the fourth embodiment.
- the upright piano 180 of this embodiment about the structure similar to the upright piano 150 of 4th Embodiment, the same code
- the upright piano 180 includes an acoustic structure (musical instrument member) 190 having a cavity 191 in which an opening 192 communicating with the outside is formed.
- the acoustic structure 190 according to this embodiment constitutes a part of the casing 151.
- the acoustic structure 190 constitutes the upper front plate 159 of the casing 151.
- the upper front plate 159 is a musical instrument component that forms a part of the casing 151 of the upright piano 180 that generates an acoustic musical tone and has a hollow portion 191 in which an opening 192 that communicates with the outside is formed.
- the cavity 191 is formed inside the upper front plate 159.
- the cavity 191 extends in the left-right direction of the upper front plate 159.
- the cavity 191 may extend in the vertical direction of the upper front plate 159, for example.
- the opening 192 of the hollow portion 191 faces the housing 151.
- the plurality of cavities 191 are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction of the upper front plate 159.
- the acoustic structure 190 forms the upper front plate 159 of the casing 151, so that the upper front plate 159 exhibits a sound absorbing effect and a scattering effect. Therefore, it is possible to adjust sound reverberation (tone color) and control coloration without increasing the number of components of the upright piano 180.
- the acoustic structure unit may constitute another member of the casing 151, for example.
- Other members of the casing 151 that exhibit the sound absorbing effect and the scattering effect include, for example, the lower front plate 53, the rear plate 54, the parent plates 55L and 55R, the rear roof 56, the front roof 57, the shelf plate 58, and the front wing 59. , Arms 60L and 60R, bases 61L and 61R, pedestals 62L and 62R, keyboard lid 75, support column 153, and pin plate 154.
- examples of other members of the casing 151 that exhibit the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect in the upright piano include a timepiece, a mouth stick, and a front base.
- the member (instrument constituent member) of the casing 151 that exhibits the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect is, for example, a hollow portion in which an opening communicating with the outside is formed inside a hollow member. You may be comprised by embedding the pipe which has.
- the configuration in which the acoustic structure portion is a part of the casing 151 is applied to the upright piano 180, but it can also be applied to the grand piano 10 of the first embodiment, for example.
- the member of the casing 11 that exhibits the sound absorption effect and the scattering effect include a shelf board 12, a curved side board 13, a front wing 14, a large roof 15, a front roof 17, a keyboard lid 26, and a music score board. 27.
- examples of other members of the casing 11 that exhibit a sound absorption effect and a scattering effect in a grand piano include a pin plate, a frame body column, a timepiece, a music stand, a music stand, and a pedal holder. .
- the acoustic structure is housed in the casing.
- the acoustic structure may be provided on the outer surface of the housing, for example.
- the acoustic structure portion is provided at an inconspicuous position.
- the acoustic structure portions 160A and 160B are provided on the outer surface of the frame body portion 152 (the support column 153) facing the rear side of the housing 151.
- the acoustic structure 1 is provided on the outer surface of the shelf 12 or the frame body portion facing downward in the housing 11.
- the pipe constituting the acoustic structure portion is not limited to a prismatic appearance, and may have any appearance such as a cylindrical shape.
- the cross-sectional shape of the cavity portion of the acoustic structure portion is not limited to the rectangular shape as in the above embodiments, and may be any shape such as a circular shape or a star shape.
- the surface surrounding the hollow portion may be formed on a surface without unevenness as in the above embodiments, but for example, formed on a surface with unevenness in which a linear groove or a spiral groove is formed. May be.
- only one opening is formed in the same cavity (pipe), but a plurality of openings may be formed, for example.
- the plurality of openings formed in the same cavity may be arranged at intervals in the length direction of the cavity (pipe), for example.
- the pair of openings may be arranged to face each other.
- the opening may be formed at one or both ends in the length direction of the cavity (pipe), for example.
- all the openings formed in the hollow portion face the inside of the housing, but some or all of the openings may face the outside of the housing.
- an opening 162 ⁇ / b> C of a part of the acoustic structure 160 ⁇ / b> C fitted into the frame body 152 may face the outside of the housing 151.
- the acoustic structure is composed of a pipe arranged in the housing, a communication hole is formed in the housing to communicate the inside and outside of the housing, and the opening of the pipe is exposed to the outside through the communication hole. May be.
- the sound reverberation (timbre) can be adjusted and the coloration can be suitably controlled as in the above embodiments.
- the acoustic characteristics of the room can be adjusted by placing it in the room.
- the present invention is applied to a grand piano.
- the present invention is applied to an upright piano.
- the present invention is applied to a cajon.
- the present invention can also be applied to a stringed instrument having a housing (body) such as an acoustic guitar or a violin.
- the present invention is applied to an instrument that generates acoustic sound.
- the present invention is also applicable to an electronic musical instrument that includes a speaker (sound generator) that generates sound inside a housing, for example. Applicable.
- the acoustic structure (member for musical instrument)
- the acoustic structure exerts a sound absorbing effect and a scattering effect, so that a specific frequency can be suppressed or emphasized. That is, it is possible to arrange a sound with a habit to a sound without a habit.
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Abstract
Description
このような楽器の音響特性を改善する技術として、例えば特許文献1には、グランドピアノの筐体に備える大屋根を二枚の屋根部に分割し、二つの屋根部を個別に開閉する構成が開示されている。この構成では、二つの屋根部の一方のみを開くことで、高音域あるいは低音域の楽音のみを強調して発音できる。すなわち、同一のグランドピアノにおいて複数種類の音響特性を実現している。
この場合、聴者に聴こえる楽器の音が心地よい響きの音色となるように、癖のある響きを癖のない響きに整えることが望まれる。
本発明の一態様は、発音体から音が発生した際に生じる癖のある響きを癖のない響きに整えることが可能な楽器、及び、楽器に取り付けられる楽器用部材を提供することを目的とする。
<第1実施形態>
図1は、この発明の第1実施形態の楽器であるグランドピアノ10の正面図である。図2は、グランドピアノ10を上方から見た図である。図3は、図1における音響構造部(楽器用部材)1をA方向に見た図である。
グランドピアノ10の筐体11は、棚板12と、曲練り側板13と、前框14と、大屋根15と、突上棒16と、大屋根15の前端に揺動自在に連結された前屋根17と、ペダル脚柱18L,18Rと、ペダルボックス19と、脚20L、20R、20Cとを有する。
各パイプ2-mは、角柱形状の外観を有する。各パイプ2-mは、長さ方向に対向する側壁部FW及びBW、厚さ方向に対向する側壁部UW及びDW、幅方向に対向する側壁部LW及びRWを有する。なお、図1及び図3では、簡便のため、パイプ2-1を除くパイプ2-2~2-10の各々における側壁部FW、BW、UW、DW、LW、RWの符号の図示を割愛する。複数のパイプ2-m(m=1~10)は、その長さ方向が互いに平行するように配列されている。
パイプ2-mの開口部3-mは、パイプ2-mの厚さ方向に対向する側壁部UW及びDWのうち一方の側壁部DWに設けられている。パイプ2-m(m=1~10)の側壁部DWは均一なバッフル面を形成している。そして、パイプ2-m(m=1~10)は、他方の側壁部UWを大屋根15側に向けて大屋根15に固定されている。従って、グランドピアノ10の大屋根15を図1の矢印B方向に揺動させて大屋根15により筐体11内の空間の上方を塞ぐと、この空間内における弦33-i(i=1~88)とパイプ2-m(m=1~10)の側壁部DWとが対向する。
図5に示すように、パイプ2-mの長さ方向の両端部は閉口端である。また、パイプ2-mの開口部3-mは、例えばパイプ2-mの長手方向の中途部に形成されている。すなわち、開口部3-mを有するパイプ2-mは、二つの閉管CPL,CPRを組み合わせたものとみなすことができる。一方の閉管CPLは、パイプ2-mの開口部3-mを開口端とし空洞部の左側の端部90L-mを閉口端としたものである。他方の閉管CPRは、パイプ2-mの開口部3-mを開口端とし空洞部の右側の端部90R-mを閉口端としたものである。
音響空間から開口部3-mを介して空洞部に音波が入射すると、空洞部では、閉管CPLの開口端(開口部3-m)から閉口端(端部90L-m)に向かう進行波と、閉管CPRの開口端(開口部3-m)から閉口端(端部90R-m)に向かう進行波とが発生する。前者の進行波は、閉管CPLの閉口端において反射され、その反射波が開口部3-mへ戻る。また、後者の進行波は、閉管CPRの閉口端において反射され、その反射波が開口部3-mへ戻る。
fL-k=(2k-1)・(c/(4・LL))…(1)
fR-k=(2k-1)・(c/(4・LR))…(2)
また、側壁部DWにおける開口部3-mの周囲では、開口部3-mからの音波と側壁部DWの外面からの反射波の位相が不連続となり、位相の不連続を解消しようとする気体分子の流れが発生する。この結果、側壁部DWの外面における開口部3-mの周囲では、入射波に対する鏡面反射方向以外の方向への音響エネルギーの流れが発生し、散乱効果が発生する。
また、癖のある響きが、例えば特定の周波数を欠落した響きである場合、特定の周波数及びその近傍の周波数帯域を除いた他の周波数帯域において吸音効果及び散乱効果を発生させることにより、特定の周波数を強調することができる。すなわち、癖のある響きを癖のない響きに整えることができる。
図6は、本発明の第2実施形態の楽器であるアップライトピアノ50の斜視図である。図7は、図6のB-B’線断面図である。アップライトピアノ50の筐体51は、上前板52と、下前板53と、後板54と、一対の親板55L,55Rと、後屋根56と、前屋根57と、棚板58と、前框59と、一対の腕木60L,60Rと、一対の妻土台61L,61Rと、一対の脚柱62L,62Rとを有する。
上前板52及び下前板53は、互いに上下方向に間隔をあけて配されている。後板54は、上前板52及び下前板53に対向して配されている。一対の親板55L,55Rは、上前板52、下前板53及び後板54を左右方向から挟んでいる。後屋根56及び前屋根57は、上前板52、下前板53、後板54及び親板55L,55Rの上端を覆っている。棚板58、前框59及び一対の腕木60L,60Rは、上前板52の下端、下前板53の上端、一対の親板55L,55Rの内壁面に囲まれた開口から前方に向かって突出している。一対の妻土台61L,61Rは、それぞれ下前板53の下側の部分における左右の端部から前方に向かって突出している。一対の脚柱62L,62Rは、それぞれ棚板58の裏面と各妻土台61L,61Rとの間に架設されている。
すなわち、本実施形態では、鍵盤楽器であるアップライトピアノ50自体が音響構造部5A,5Bを有している。そして、音響構造部5Aのパイプ6A-n(n=1~4)及び音響構造部5Bのパイプ6B-j(j=1~5)の各々が吸音効果及び散乱効果を発生する。このため、ハンマ68-iにより弦67-iを打撃することでアコースティックな楽音が発生した際に、カラレーション等により癖のある響き(不快な音色)が生じても、癖のある響きを癖のない響きに整えることができる。
また、本実施形態では、パイプ6A-n(n=1~4)及びパイプ6B-j(j=1~5)が同じ長さを有しており、パイプ6A-n(n=1~4)及びパイプ6B-j(j=1~5)の側壁部BW’における開口部7A-n(n=1~4)及び7B-j(j=1~5)の位置がパイプ毎に異なっている。本実施形態によると、アップライトピアノ50において発生する全ての音の音域に亙る広い帯域において吸音効果および散乱効果を発生させることができる。従って、本実施形態によれば、アップライトピアノ50において発生するカラレーションを広帯域において抑制することができる。
また、本実施形態であるアップライトピアノ50は、開口面積調整ペダル66と、開口部7An(n=1~4)及び7B-j(j=1~5)を遮蔽する遮蔽部材8A-n(n=1~4)及び8B-j(j=1~5)と、開口面積調整ペダル66の操作に応じて遮蔽部材8A-n(n=1~4)及び8B-j(j=1~5)による開口部7A-n(n=1~4)及び7B-j(j=1~5)の遮蔽量を調整する駆動部73とを有している。よって、本実施形態によると、開口面積調整ペダル66の操作を通じて吸音効果及び散乱効果の大きさを調整することができる。
図8は、本発明の第3実施形態の楽器であるカホン9の斜視図である。図9は、図8のC-C線断面図である。このカホン9の筐体90は、中空な立方体状をなしている。筐体90は、同じ寸法を持った6枚の板91,92,93,94,95,96を有する。板91及び92は上下方向に対向している。板93及び94は前後方向に対向している。板95及び96は左右方向に対向している。この筐体90における板94の中央には開放音口97が設けられている。また、筐体90における板93は演奏者の掌により打撃する打撃面を構成している。板93は、打撃によって音を発生する発音体として機能する。さらに、本実施形態では、筐体90内における板91と板92の間に音を発生する発音体としての弦98、99、100が張設されている。
また、板96における弦98、99、100を向いた面上には、板96と一体化された音響構造部(楽器用部材)120がある。音響構造部120は、各々の内部の空洞部を囲む側壁部に開口部102-u(u=1~6)が形成された複数のパイプ101-u(u=1~6)を配列したものである。
すなわち、本実施形態では、楽器であるカホン9自体が音響構造部120を有している。そして、音響構造部120のパイプ101-u(u=1~6)の各々が吸音効果及び散乱効果を発生する。このため、板93に対する打撃により音が発生した際に、カラレーション等により癖のある響き(不快な音色)が生じても、癖のある響きを癖のない響きに整えることができる。
図10は、この発明の第4実施形態の楽器であるアップライトピアノ150の断面図である。アップライトピアノ150の主な構成は、第2実施形態のアップライトピアノ50と同様である。アップライトピアノ150の筐体151は、上前板52と、下前板53と、一対の親板55L,55Rと、後屋根56と、前屋根57と、棚板58と、前框59と、一対の腕木60L,60Rと、一対の妻土台61L,61Rと、一対の脚柱62L,62Rとを有する(一部符号は図6,7参照)。また、アップライトピアノ150は、第2実施形態と同様のソフトペダル63、ソステヌートペダル64、ダンパペダル65、鍵盤蓋75、鍵63-i(i=1~88)、筬中64-i(i=1~88)、筬前65-i、筬後66-i、響板72、弦67-i(i=1~88)、アクション機構69-i、ダンパ機構71-iを有する。
第二の音響構造部160Bは、筐体151の空間内のうち下前板53とフレーム155との間の領域に配されている。第二の音響構造部160Bは、パイプ161Bの開口部162Bが筐体151の下前板53、底板158等によって塞がれないように、底板158上に載置されている。従って、第二の音響構造部160Bは、筐体151に対して着脱自在に取り付けられる。
すなわち、図10に示すように、パイプ161A,161B(あるいは音響構造部160A,160B)が一つ以上設けられていれば、ハンマ68-iにより弦67-iを打撃することでアコースティックな楽音が発生した際、カラレーション等により癖のある響き(不快な音色)が生じても、癖のある響きを癖のない響きに整えることが可能となる。また、パイプ161A,161B(あるいは音響構造部160A,160B)が複数設けられていれば、アップライトピアノにおいて発生する全ての音の音域に亙る広い帯域において吸音効果および散乱効果を発生させることができるため、アップライトピアノにおいて発生するカラレーションを広帯域において抑制することができる。
第1実施形態のグランドピアノ10において、音響構造部を筐体11に取り付ける取付構造は、例えば、大屋根15における筐体11内の空間を向いた面上や、筐体11内の空間に配されたフレームに設けることが可能である。また、取付構造は、例えば、グランドピアノ10の従来構成であるフレームや枠体部を利用したものであってもよい。枠体部は、第4実施形態の枠体部152と同様であり、グランドピアノ10の下部に設けられるものである。取付構造にフレームを用いた場合、音響構造部をフレーム上に載置することができる。取付構造に枠体部を用いた場合、音響構造部を枠体部の複数の支柱の間に嵌め込むことができる。
図14は、この発明の第5実施形態であるアップライトピアノ180の断面図である。アップライトピアノ180の主な構成は、第4実施形態のアップライトピアノ150と同様である。このため、本実施形態のアップライトピアノ180において、第4実施形態のアップライトピアノ150と同様の構成については、同一符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
アップライトピアノ180は、外部に連通する開口部192が形成された空洞部191を有する音響構造部(楽器用部材)190を具備している。本実施形態の音響構造部190は、筐体151の一部を構成している。本実施形態では、音響構造部190が筐体151の上前板159を構成している。上前板159は、アコースティックな楽音を発生するアップライトピアノ180の筐体151の一部を構成すると共に、外部に連通する開口部192が形成された空洞部191を有する楽器構成部材である。空洞部191は、上前板159の内部に形成されている。図14において、空洞部191は、上前板159の左右方向に延在している。しかし、空洞部191は、例えば上前板159の上下方向に延在してもよい。空洞部191の開口部192は、筐体151内に向いている。図14において、空洞部191は複数あるが、例えば一つだけでもよい。図14において、複数の空洞部191は、上前板159の上下方向に間隔をあけて配列されている。
また、本実施形態では、音響構造部190が筐体151の上前板159を構成していることで、上前板159が吸音効果及び散乱効果を発揮する。したがって、アップライトピアノ180の構成部品点数を増やすことなく、音の響き(音色)の調整や、カラレーションの好適な制御を行うことができる。
(6)上述した実施形態は、本願発明をアコースティックな音を発生する楽器に適用しているが、本願発明は、例えば筐体内部に音を発生するスピーカ(発音体)を備える電子楽器にも適用可能である。
Claims (10)
- 筐体と、
前記筐体に設けられ、音を発生する発音体と、
外部に連通する開口部が形成された空洞部を少なくとも一つ有し、前記筐体に設けられる音響構造部と、
を具備することを特徴とする楽器。 - 前記音響構造部が、少なくとも一つのパイプによって構成され、
前記筐体に、前記音響構造部を取り付ける取付構造が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の楽器。 - 前記音響構造部が、前記筐体に対して着脱自在であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の楽器。
- 前記音響構造部が、前記筐体内に収められることを特徴とする請求項2又は請求項3に記載の楽器。
- 前記パイプが、前記筐体から取り外された状態で折り畳み自在であることを特徴とする請求項2から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の楽器。
- 前記音響構造部が、前記筐体の一部を構成していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の楽器。
- 鍵と、
前記鍵の押鍵力により前記発音体である弦を打撃するハンマと、
を具備することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の楽器。 - 操作子と、
前記操作子の操作に応じて前記音響構造部による吸音効果及び散乱効果の発生の態様を調整する駆動部と、
を具備することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の楽器。 - 前記開口部を遮蔽する遮蔽部材を具備し、
前記駆動部は、前記操作子の操作に応じて前記遮蔽部材による前記開口部の遮蔽量を調整することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の楽器。 - 楽器に取り付けられる楽器用部材であって、
外部に連通する開口部が形成された空洞部を少なくとも一つ有することを特徴とする楽器用部材。
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CN105340001A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
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