WO2014201884A1 - 新型植物纤维挤出机 - Google Patents

新型植物纤维挤出机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014201884A1
WO2014201884A1 PCT/CN2014/073649 CN2014073649W WO2014201884A1 WO 2014201884 A1 WO2014201884 A1 WO 2014201884A1 CN 2014073649 W CN2014073649 W CN 2014073649W WO 2014201884 A1 WO2014201884 A1 WO 2014201884A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavity
template
plant fiber
groove
microwave
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PCT/CN2014/073649
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李苏扬
李苏伦
李宁娜
Original Assignee
泗阳蓝阳托盘设备科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2014201884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014201884A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N5/00Manufacture of non-flat articles
    • B27N5/02Hollow articles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of extruders, and in particular to a novel plant fiber extruder, which can be used for producing a rib with a reinforcing rib, an outer surface coated with a waterproof surface layer, a longitudinal structure without delamination, and efficient heating and drying. Out of the plane.
  • Plant fiber extrusion products such as wood, in order to replace the consumption of wood resources.
  • Such products have excellent characteristics such as low density, strong impact resistance, thermal insulation, light weight absorption, high flatness, etc., but the products produced by the conventionally used extruders also have numerous defects.
  • the plant fiber extrusion products have low strength, especially the longitudinal strength is worse, and cannot be promoted compared with the wood and concrete materials.
  • the uniformity of the initial end of the cavity formed by the extruder template extrusion In the process, only the longitudinal pressure applied by the extrusion head, the longitudinal structure of the extruded product is layered, and the density is not uniform; 3.
  • the outer surface of the product body is rough, does not have waterproof performance, and is easily deformed in the case of a humid environment, and has a long service life.
  • the product is heated and dried in the cavity, generally the heating function is provided by the hot platen, but the heat transferred by the hot plate is gradually degraded from the outer circumference of the cavity to the center, and the heat is not uniform, so that the extruded product is in the molding process.
  • the heat is not uniform, and the temperature of the hot platen cannot be too high. Otherwise, the glue will be pre-cured before extrusion molding, which affects the strength of the product. Therefore, the heating by the hot platen is slow, and the production efficiency is not improved.
  • the above quality problems seriously affect the promotion and application of extruded products.
  • the present invention is directed to the above problems, and provides a novel plant fiber extruder, wherein the extruded product can be provided with reinforcing ribs, the longitudinal structure is not layered, and the strength is greatly improved; the surface has a waterproof layer and is adapted to a humid environment. Use, long service life; microwave heating and curing, high production efficiency.
  • the new plant fiber extruder comprises an extrusion head and a cavity surrounded by a template, and the extrusion head reciprocates in a cavity of the cavity, the cavity is sequentially composed of a stroke cavity, an extrusion cavity, and a molding coating cavity , heating and curing cavity composition.
  • the rear side of the extrusion head is provided with a friction clamping member
  • the reinforcing head is provided with a reinforcing rib through the hole
  • the outlet end of the cavity is provided with a fixing member
  • the reinforcing rib passes through the friction in sequence.
  • the clamping member and the reinforcing rib pass through the hole and the cavity and are fixed on the fixing member.
  • the template of the stroke chamber is divided into two sections, and is connected by a rotating template in the middle, and a through hole is formed in the rotating template, and the telescopic rod of the telescopic device is disposed in the through hole, and rotates
  • the template is connected to the drive unit.
  • the inner wall of the template of the extrusion chamber is gradually inclined toward the center to form an inclined wall, and the slope angle of the inclined wall is 20 to 60 degrees.
  • the cavity is provided with a squeezing die core, and the squeezing die core in the pressing cavity is a frustum body whose cross section gradually becomes larger, and the angle of the frustum body slope b It is 20 to 60 degrees.
  • the template above the molding coating chamber is provided with a waterproof surface layer solution inlet
  • the inner peripheral wall of the template of the waterproof surface layer solution inlet opening is provided with a groove and an axially spaced opening.
  • b groove, b groove communicates with a groove
  • b groove extends toward the discharge opening of the cavity
  • a groove and b groove are covered with an inner liner
  • the inner liner is provided with an axial gap, the slit Misplaced setting with b groove.
  • a gap is formed in the template of the heating and curing chamber, a microwave penetration plate is filled in the notch, and a microwave heating device is installed outside the microwave penetration plate, and the microwave heating device is installed in the cavity.
  • Microwave tube and anti-leakage baffle is
  • the notch is opened on the template around the cavity, the inner wall of the microwave penetration plate is flush with the inner wall of the template, and the periphery of the outer wall is fixed on the outer wall of the template and the anti-leakage baffle.
  • the leakage preventing baffle is fixedly connected to the template by welding or bolting.
  • the inner wall of the heating and curing cavity of the front and rear sections of the microwave penetrating plate is provided with anti-micro
  • the wave leakage groove and the microwave leakage prevention groove are filled with resin.
  • the present invention has the following significant advantages over the prior art:
  • the present invention is provided with weft ribs and/or longitudinal ribs, which solves the key technical problems of poor structural strength of plant fiber extruded products.
  • the ribs can be automated and continuously woven, so that the plant fiber extrusion products with reinforced ribs with superior structural strength and high flatness can realize automatic production and be widely promoted and applied, which alleviates the serious shortage of timber resources in China.
  • the current situation, as well as the low cost of straw-based plant fibers opens up new avenues for the efficient use of straw and increases farmers' income.
  • the inner wall of the template of the extrusion cavity of the cavity is gradually inclined toward the center to form an inclined wall.
  • the extrusion head of the extruder pushes the material forward in the cavity, and when it goes to the extrusion cavity of the cavity, the inclined wall of the template applies a pressure to the material to the center, and the material is subjected to the extrusion process.
  • the front longitudinal pressure and the peripheral radial pressure to the center, the material extrusion is more compact.
  • the extrusion die core of the present invention at the position of the extrusion cavity is a frustum body whose cross section is gradually enlarged, and the mixture of the plant fiber and the glue is squeezed in the cavity.
  • the indenter pushes forward extrusion.
  • the material is extruded forward along the slope of the frustum core of the extrusion die.
  • the material not only has the longitudinal pressure of the extrusion head, but also the extrusion die.
  • the core also has a radial pressure around the center of the material, and the radial pressure is applied to the material by the inclined wall of the template. The three parties simultaneously apply pressure, and the material extrusion is more compact, effectively solving the problem of longitudinal structure delamination of the extruded product.
  • the waterproof surface layer solution flows into the surface of the product body in the cavity, which can reduce the frictional resistance between the cavity and the product, and squeeze the extruded plant fiber product to have a smooth surface and better Waterproof and durable, the waterproof surface layer also has a smoothing effect on the extruded product and improves production efficiency.
  • a gap is formed in the template of the extruder, and the gap is filled with a microwave penetrating plate made of ceramic, glass or resin, and a microwave heating device is installed outside the microwave penetrating plate.
  • the microwave penetrates the plate through the microwave and enters the cavity to heat the material in the cavity, and the heat transfer is uniform and rapid, which greatly improves the production efficiency.
  • the inner wall of the microwave penetrating plate is flush with the inner wall of the template, and the internal structure of the cavity is not changed, and the microwave emitted by the microwave tube is blocked by the anti-leakage baffle, and the anti-leakage baffle is fixedly connected with the template by welding or bolt, blocking the microwave
  • the outer leakage of the microwave penetrating plate of the present invention is provided with an anti-microwave leakage groove on the inner wall of the cavity of the cavity.
  • the microwave is controlled in the heating drying cavity of the cavity, and is effectively utilized.
  • the microwave is prevented from leaking to both ends of the cavity inside the cavity, and the structure of the invention is simple and the safety is ensured.
  • the notch of the invention is opened on the template around the cavity, and the material in the cavity receives microwave heating more uniformly.
  • 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • the present invention comprises an extrusion head 1 and a cavity 3 surrounded by a template 2, and the extrusion head 1 reciprocates in a cavity stroke chamber I, which is sequentially stroked
  • the cavity I, the extrusion cavity II, the molding coating cavity III, and the heating and curing cavity IV are composed.
  • the rear side of the extrusion head 1 is provided with a friction clamping member 4, the extrusion head 1 is provided with a reinforcing rib through the hole 5, the outlet end of the cavity 3 is provided with a fixing member 6, and the reinforcing rib 7 (including the longitudinal reinforcement) And/or weft ribs are sequentially passed through the friction holder 4, the ribs through the hole 5, the cavity 3, and are fixed to the fixing member 6.
  • the template of the stroke cavity I is divided into two sections, and is connected by the middle rotary template II, and the middle rotary template I 1 is inserted into the card slot I 5 in the template on both sides, and rotates the template I. 1 can be rotated 360 degrees along the slot I 5 , the through hole I 2 is opened in the rotating template I 1 , and the telescopic rod of the telescopic device I 3 (in this embodiment is a cylinder) is disposed in the through hole I 2 , and the template I is rotated 1
  • the outer peripheral surface is provided with gear teeth, which are meshed with the gears on the rotating shaft of the driving device I 4 (motor).
  • the inner wall of the template of the extrusion chamber II is gradually inclined toward the center to form a slope wall II1, and the slope angle of the slope wall II1 is 20 to 60 degrees (30 degrees in this embodiment), the cavity There is a squeezing core 8 in the extrusion cavity II, and the squeezing core is a frustum body 112 whose cross section is gradually enlarged.
  • the angle of the frustum ⁇ 2 slope b is 20 to 60 degrees (this embodiment) It is 30 degrees).
  • the template above the molding coating chamber III is provided with a waterproof surface layer solution inlet 1111, and the inner peripheral wall of the template of the waterproof surface layer solution inlet port III1 is provided with a groove ⁇ 2 and a b-shaped groove 1113 which is axially opened.
  • the groove ⁇ 3 is in communication with the groove ⁇ 2
  • the groove ⁇ 3 extends toward the discharge port of the cavity
  • the groove ⁇ 2 and the groove ⁇ 3 are covered with the inner liner 1114
  • the inner liner ⁇ 4 is provided with the shaft To the slit 1115, the slit ⁇ 5 and the b groove ⁇ 3 are offset.
  • a gap IV1 is formed in the template of the heating and curing chamber IV.
  • the notch IV1 is opened on the template 2 around the cavity 3, the gap IV1 is filled with the microwave penetration plate IV2, and the microwave penetration plate IV2 is installed outside.
  • Microwave heating device, the microwave heating device It consists of a microwave tube IV3 in the cavity and a leakage preventing baffle IV4.
  • the inner wall of the microwave penetrating plate IV2 is flush with the inner wall of the template 2, the outer wall periphery is fixed on the outer wall of the template 2, and the anti-leakage baffle IV4, and the anti-leakage baffle IV4 is fixedly connected with the template 2 by welding (or bolt).
  • the inner wall of the heating and curing chamber IV of the front and rear sections of the microwave penetrating plate IV2 is provided with an anti-microwave leakage groove IV5, and the anti-microwave leakage groove IV5 is filled with a resin.
  • the extrusion head 1 when the extrusion head 1 is in the forward stroke, the mixture of the plant fiber and the glue is pushed into the extrusion cavity II in the cavity 3, and every other section, the telescopic rod of the expansion device I 3 extends into the stroke cavity I, and the hook
  • the weft ribs are wrapped around the longitudinal ribs 360 degrees, and the extrusion head 1 pushes the material forward, and the mixture of the plant fibers and the glue is pressed to a certain strength, which is enough for the weft ribs to be set, the telescopic rods are retracted, and the rotating template is blocked.
  • the through hole I 2 of I 1 the next step is repeated, and the continuous embryo body is formed under repeated action of the extrusion head;
  • the material is extruded forward along the slope of the frustum body II 2 of the squeezing core 8, and the squeezing core 8 has a center-to-around diameter for the material.
  • the material Simultaneously pressing the inclined wall II 1 of the inner wall of the cavity of the cavity II to the radial pressure of the material to the center, the longitudinal pressure, the radial pressure around the center, and the radial pressure from the periphery to the center simultaneously, the material
  • the extrusion is more compact, effectively solving the problem of longitudinal structural delamination and density unevenness of the extruded product;
  • the molding coating cavity III After the preliminary extrusion molding of the plant fiber extrusion product, the molding coating cavity III, the waterproof surface layer solution (such as lignin, or paraffin, or unsaturated resin) is opened from the upper template.
  • the solution feed port III1 enters the cavity 3, flows along the groove ⁇ 2 and the groove ⁇ 3 on the inner peripheral wall, and flows from the gap ⁇ 5 between the inner liner ⁇ 4 and the inner wall of the stencil 2. Coated on the outer surface of the product to form a waterproof outer skin layer under extrusion;
  • the extruded product After the extruded product passes through the molding coating chamber III, it enters the heating drying chamber IV, is heated and dried by a template made of microwave and hot pressing plate, and is pushed out of the cavity 3, and is cut into a predetermined shape by the cross-sectional saw. Length of product.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型植物纤维挤出机,包括挤压头和由模板围成的模腔,挤压头在模腔冲程腔内作往复运动,所述模腔依次由冲程腔、挤压腔、成型涂层腔、加热固化腔组成。本发明是可用于生产内设有加强筋、外表面涂覆防水表层、纵向结构不分层、高效加热烘干的挤出机,挤出出的植物纤维挤出制品强度高、纵向结构不分层,表面光滑、防水性能好。而且防水表层溶液对制品生产同时还起到润湿的效果,微波加热烘干受热均匀,快速,极大的提高了生产效率。

Description

新型植物纤维挤出机
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及挤出机领域, 具体涉及一种新型植物纤维挤出机, 可用于生产内设有加强 筋、 外表面涂覆防水表层、 纵向结构不分层、 高效加热烘干的挤出机。
背景技术
[0002] 我国是一个农业大国, 每年的农作物秸杆有 7亿吨之多, 因目前没有找到转化为经济 效益的合适路径, 多数被焚烧处理, 带说来了极其严重的环境污染问题。 同时我国的木材资源 又严重短缺, 近年来科研人员通过不断探索, 研制出用挤出法生产如板材、 木方、 柱体、 管 书
材之类的植物纤维挤出制品, 以期替代木材资源的消耗。
[0003] 此类制品具有密度小、 抗冲击性较强、 保温隔热、 质轻吸音、 平整度高等优良特性, 但是目前常规使用的挤出机生产出来的制品也存在众多的缺陷。 一、 植物纤维挤出制品强度 低, 特别纵向强度更差, 无法与木材、 混凝土材质制品相比, 无法大力推广; 二、 由于目前 挤出机模板围成的模腔始末端截面一致, 挤出过程中只有挤压头施加的纵向压力, 挤出出的 制品纵向结构分层, 密度不均匀; 三、 制品本体的外表面粗糙, 不具有防水性能, 如遇潮湿 环境, 易于变型, 使用寿命大大折扣; 四、 制品在模腔内加热烘干, 一般由热压板提供加热 功能, 但是热压板传递的热量从模腔外周向中心逐渐衰竭, 热量不均匀, 致使挤出制品在成 型过程中受热不均匀, 而且热压板的温度不能过高, 否则胶会在挤出成型前预固化, 影响制 品强度, 因此仅靠热压板加热缓慢, 生产效率得不到提高。 以上存在的质量问题严重影响制 约了挤出制品的推广运用。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明针对以上存在的问题, 提供一种新型植物纤维挤出机, 挤出的制品可内设加 强筋、 纵向结构不分层, 极大提高强度; 表面具有防水层, 适应潮湿环境使用, 使用寿命长; 微波加热固化, 生产效率高。
[0005] 本发明通过以下技术方案实现: 新型植物纤维挤出机, 包括挤压头和由模板围成的模腔, 挤压头在模腔冲程腔内作往复运动, 所述模腔依次由冲程腔、 挤压腔、 成型涂层腔、 加热固化腔组成。
[0006] 本发明进一步改进方案是, 所述挤压头后侧设有摩擦夹持件, 挤压头上开设加强筋穿 过孔, 模腔出口端设有固定件, 加强筋依次穿过摩擦夹持件、 加强筋穿过孔、 模腔, 固定在 固定件上。
[0007] 本发明更进一步改进方案是, 所述冲程腔的模板分截成两段, 通过中间的转动模板活 动连接, 转动模板上开设通孔, 伸缩装置的伸缩杆设于通孔内, 转动模板与驱动装置传动连 接。
[0008] 本发明更进一步改进方案是, 所述挤压腔的模板内壁逐渐向中心倾斜, 形成斜壁, 斜 壁的坡度 a夹角为 20〜60度。
[0009] 本发明更进一步改进方案是, 所述模腔内设有挤孔模芯, 位于挤压腔内挤孔模芯为横 截面逐渐变大的锥台体, 锥台体坡度 b夹角为 20〜60度。
[0010] 本发明更进一步改进方案是, 所述成型涂层腔上方模板开设有防水表层溶液进料口, 防水表层溶液进料口位置的模板内周壁开设有 a凹槽和间隔轴向开设的 b凹槽, b凹槽与 a 凹槽连通, b凹槽向模腔出料口方向延伸, a凹槽与 b凹槽上覆盖有内衬板, 内衬板上开设 有轴向缝隙, 缝隙与 b凹槽错位设置。
[0011] 本发明更进一步改进方案是, 所述加热固化腔的模板上开设缺口, 缺口内填充微波穿 透板, 微波穿透板外安装有微波加热装置, 所述微波加热装置由腔内的微波管和防泄漏挡板 组成。
[0012] 本发明更进一步改进方案是, 所述缺口围绕模腔在模板上开设一周, 所述微波穿透板 内壁与模板内壁齐平, 外壁周边卡固在模板外壁上、 防泄漏挡板内, 所述防泄漏挡板与模板 通过焊接或螺栓固定连接。
[0013] 本发明更进一步改进方案是, 所述微波穿透板前后段的加热固化腔内壁上开设有防微 波泄漏槽, 防微波泄漏槽内填有树脂。
[0014] 本发明与现有技术相比, 具有以下明显优点:
一、 本发明内设有纬筋和 /或纵筋, 解决了植物纤维挤出制品结构强度差的关键技术问题。 加 强筋可自动化、 连续化布入, 使得具有结构强度大、 平整度高等优越特性的设有加强筋的植 物纤维挤出制品, 实现自动化生产, 得到广泛推广与应用, 缓解了我国木材资源严重短缺的 现状, 而且秸秆类植物纤维成本低廉, 同时为秸杆高效利用开辟新的途径, 增加农民收入。
[0015] 二、 本发明中模腔的挤压腔的模板内壁逐渐向中心倾斜, 形成斜壁。 挤出机的挤压头 推动物料在模腔内前行, 行至模腔的挤压腔段时, 模板的斜壁对物料施加向中心的压力, 物 料在挤出成型过程中, 同时受到向前的纵向压力和外围向中心的径向压力, 物料挤出更加密 实。 在加工设有空芯的植物纤维挤出制品时, 本发明位于挤压腔位置的挤孔模芯为横截面逐 渐变大的锥台体, 植物纤维和胶的混合物料在模腔内由挤压头推动向前挤出, 行至挤压腔段 时, 物料顺着挤孔模芯的锥台体坡度向前挤出, 物料不仅具有挤压头对其向前的纵向压力, 挤孔模芯对物料还具有中心向四周径向的压力,结合模板斜壁对物料施加向中心的径向压力, 三方同时施压, 物料挤出更加密实, 有效解决挤出制品纵向结构分层问题。
[0016] 三、 本发明在生产过程中, 防水表层溶液流入模腔内制品本体表面, 能减少模腔与制 品的摩擦阻力, 挤使压出的植物纤维挤出制品具有光滑的表面和较好的防水性能, 耐用, 同 时防水表层溶液还对挤出制品具有起滑润作用, 提高生产效率。
[0017] 四、 本发明由于在挤出机的模板上开设缺口, 缺口内填充采用陶瓷、 或玻璃、 或树脂 制成的微波穿透板, 微波穿透板外安装有微波加热装置。微波透过微波穿透板, 进入模腔内, 对模腔内的物料进行加热, 热量传递均匀、 迅速, 极大的提高了生产效率。 本发明中微波穿 透板内壁与模板内壁齐平, 不改变模腔内部结构, 微波管发射出的微波通过防泄漏挡板阻隔, 防泄漏挡板与模板通过焊接或螺栓固定连接, 阻挡了微波的向外泄漏, 本发明所述微波穿透 板前后段的模腔内壁上开设有防微波泄漏槽.将微波控制在模腔的加热烘干腔内, 有效利用, 防止微波在模腔内部向轴向两端泄漏, 本发明结构简单, 且安全性得到保证。 本发明所述缺 口围绕模腔在模板上开设一周, 模腔内物料接收微波加热更加均匀。
附图说明
[0018] 图 1为本发明纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
[0019] 如图 1所示, 本发明包括挤压头 1和由模板 2围成的模腔 3, 挤压头 1在模腔冲程腔 I内作往复运动, 所述模腔 3依次由冲程腔 I、 挤压腔 II、 成型涂层腔 III、 加热固化腔 IV组 成。
[0020] 所述挤压头 1后侧设有摩擦夹持件 4, 挤压头 1上开设加强筋穿过孔 5, 模腔 3出口 端设有固定件 6, 加强筋 7 (包括纵筋和 /或纬筋) 依次穿过摩擦夹持件 4、 加强筋穿过孔 5、 模腔 3, 固定在固定件 6上。
[0021] 所述冲程腔 I的模板分截成两段, 通过中间的转动模板 I I 活动连接, 中间的转动模 板 I 1活动卡装在两侧的模板内的卡槽 I 5内,转动模板 I 1可沿卡槽 I 5可进行 360度旋转, 转动模板 I 1上开设通孔 I 2, 伸缩装置 I 3 (本实施例中为气缸) 的伸缩杆设于通孔 I 2内, 转动模板 I 1外周面设有轮齿, 与驱动装置 I 4 (电机) 转轴上的齿轮啮合传动。
[0022] 所述挤压腔 II的模板内壁逐渐向中心倾斜,形成斜壁 II 1,斜壁 II 1的坡度 a夹角为 20〜 60度 (本实施例为 30度), 所述模腔 3内设有挤孔模芯 8, 位于挤压腔 II内挤孔模芯为横截 面逐渐变大的锥台体 112, 锥台体 Π 2坡度 b夹角为 20〜60度 (本实施例为 30度)。
[0023] 所述成型涂层腔 III上方模板开设有防水表层溶液进料口 1111, 防水表层溶液进料口 III1 位置的模板内周壁开设有 a凹槽 ΠΙ2和间隔轴向开设的 b凹槽 1113, b凹槽 ΠΙ3与 a凹槽 ΠΙ2连 通, b凹槽 ΠΙ3向模腔出料口方向延伸, a凹槽 ΠΙ2与 b凹槽 ΠΙ3上覆盖有内衬板 1114, 内衬 板 ΠΙ4上开设有轴向缝隙 1115, 缝隙 ΠΙ5与 b凹槽 ΠΙ3错位设置。
[0024] 所述加热固化腔 IV的模板上开设缺口 IV 1, 缺口 IV 1围绕模腔 3在模板 2上开设一周, 缺口 IV 1 内填充微波穿透板 IV2, 微波穿透板 IV2外安装有微波加热装置, 所述微波加热装置 由腔内的微波管 IV3和防泄漏挡板 IV4组成。 所述微波穿透板 IV2内壁与模板 2内壁齐平, 外 壁周边卡固在模板 2外壁上、防泄漏挡板 IV4内,防泄漏挡板 IV4与模板 2通过焊接(或螺栓) 固定连接。 所述微波穿透板 IV2前后段的加热固化腔 IV内壁上开设有防微波泄漏槽 IV5, 防微 波泄漏槽 IV5内填有树脂。
[0025] 以运用本发明生产内设纵筋和纬筋、 表面具有防水表层的空芯挤出制品为例, 生产方 法步骤如下:
( 1 )将四根纵筋(纤维丝、 或绳、 或钢丝、 或金属棒)和一根纬筋(纤维丝、 或绳、 或钢丝) 分别依次活动贯穿过挤出机的摩擦夹持件 4、挤压头 1上的加强筋穿过孔 5、模腔 3后, 固定 于模腔 3出口端的固定件 6上, 使纵筋和纬筋拉紧处于紧绷状态, 纬筋位于纵筋外围, 纵筋 位于挤孔模芯 8外围, 所述纬筋和纵筋在贯穿挤压头 1之前穿过胶水盒 9, 其上涂覆有胶。
[0026] (2) 将植物纤维与胶按 60〜97: 3〜40重量比例混合均匀, 装于挤出机的进料斗 10 中, 在挤压头 1每次返回行程时, 植物纤维与胶的混合物借助拨料器 11依靠重力落入冲程腔
I, 挤压头 1 向前行程时, 将植物纤维与胶的混合物在模腔 3内推向挤压腔 II, 每隔一段, 伸缩装置 I 3的伸缩杆向冲程腔 I内伸入, 勾住纬筋沿纵筋外围环绕 360度, 挤压头 1推动 物料前行, 待植物纤维与胶的混合物挤压到一定强度, 足以使纬筋定型时, 伸缩杆缩回复位, 堵在转动模板 I 1的通孔 I 2内, 待下一回程重复动作, 在挤压头反复作用下形成连续胚体;
(3 )植物纤维和胶的混合物料进入挤压腔 II后, 物料顺着挤孔模芯 8的锥台体 II 2坡度向前 挤出, 挤孔模芯 8对物料具有中心向四周的径向压力, 同时挤压腔 II模板内壁的斜壁 II 1部 位对物料具有四周向中心的径向压力, 纵向压力、 中心向四周的径向压力、 外围向中心的径 向压力同时施压, 物料挤出更加密实, 有效解决挤出制品纵向结构分层和密度不均的问题;
(4)植物纤维挤出制品在挤压腔 II初步挤出成型后, 进入成型涂层腔 III, 防水表层溶液(如 木质素、 或石蜡、 或不饱和树脂) 从上方模板上开设的防水表层溶液进料口 III1进入模腔 3, 顺着内周壁上的 a凹槽 ΠΙ2和 b凹槽 ΠΙ3流淌, 从内衬板 ΠΙ4与模板 2内壁之间的缝隙 ΠΙ5流 出涂覆在制品外表面, 在挤出下形成防水外表层;
( 5 )挤出制品从成型涂层腔 III经过后, 进入加热烘干腔 IV, 通过微波和热压板制成的模板进 行加热烘干, 并推出模腔 3, 由横截锯截成预定长度的制品。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.新型植物纤维挤出机, 包括挤压头(1)和由模板(2)围成的模腔(3), 挤压头(1)在模腔冲程腔( I ) 内作往复运动, 其特征在于: 所述模腔 (3)依次由冲程腔 ( I )、 挤压腔 (11)、 成型涂层腔 (111)、 加热 固化腔 (IV)组成。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的新型植物纤维挤出机, 其特征在于: 所述挤压头(1)后侧设有摩擦夹持件(4), 挤压头 (1)上开设加强筋穿过孔 (5), 模腔 (3) 出口端设有固定件 (6), 加强筋 (7)依次穿过摩擦夹 持件 (4)、 加强筋穿过孔 (5)、 模腔 (3), 固定在固定件 (6)上。
3.根据权利要求 1或 2所述的新型植物纤维挤出机, 其特征在于: 所述冲程腔 ( I ) 的模板分截成两段, 通过中间的转动模板 ( I 1)活动连接, 转动模板 ( I 1)上开设通孔 ( 12), 伸缩装置 ( 13) 的伸缩杆 设于通孔 ( 12) 内, 转动模板 ( I I)与驱动装置 ( 14)传动连接。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的新型植物纤维挤出机, 其特征在于: 所述挤压腔(Π)的模板内壁逐渐向中心倾 斜, 形成斜壁 (111), 斜壁 (III) 的坡度 a夹角为 20〜60度。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的新型植物纤维挤出机, 其特征在于: 所述模腔 (3) 内设有挤孔模芯 (8), 位于 挤压腔 (Π) 内挤孔模芯为横截面逐渐变大的锥台体 (112), 锥台体 (Π2)坡度 b夹角为 20〜60度。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的新型植物纤维挤出机, 其特征在于: 所述成型涂层腔(III)上方模板开设有防水 表层溶液进料口 (1111), 防水表层溶液进料口 (ΠΙ1)位置的模板内周壁开设有 a凹槽 (ΠΙ2)和间隔轴向 开设的 b凹槽 (1113), b凹槽(ΠΙ3)与 a凹槽 (ΠΙ2)连通, b凹槽 (ΠΙ3) 向模腔出料口方向延伸, a凹 槽(ΠΙ2)与 b凹槽(ΠΙ3)上覆盖有内衬板(1114), 内衬板(ΠΙ4)上开设有轴向缝隙(1115), 缝隙(ΠΙ5) 与 b凹槽 (ΠΙ3)错位设置。
7.根据权利要求 1所述的新型植物纤维挤出机,其特征在于:所述加热固化腔(IV)的模板上开设缺口(IV 1), 缺口 (IV1) 内填充微波穿透板 (IV2), 微波穿透板 (IV2)外安装有微波加热装置, 所述微波加热装 置由腔内的微波管 (IV3)和防泄漏挡板 (IV4)组成。
8.根据权利要求 7所述的新型植物纤维挤出机, 其特征在于: 所述缺口 (IV1)围绕模腔(3)在模板(2) 上开设一周, 所述微波穿透板 (IV2) 内壁与模板 (2) 内壁齐平, 外壁周边卡固在模板 (2)外壁上、 防 泄漏挡板 (IV4) 内, 所述防泄漏挡板 (IV4)与模板 (2)通过焊接或螺栓固定连接。
9.根据权利要求 7所述的新型植物纤维挤出机, 其特征在于: 所述微波穿透板 (IV2)前后段的加热固化 腔 (IV) 内壁上开设有防微波泄漏槽 (IV5), 防微波泄漏槽 (IV5) 内填有树脂。
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