WO2014198074A1 - Appareil de gazéification par pyrolyse et distillation sèche de matière organique - Google Patents

Appareil de gazéification par pyrolyse et distillation sèche de matière organique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014198074A1
WO2014198074A1 PCT/CN2013/077696 CN2013077696W WO2014198074A1 WO 2014198074 A1 WO2014198074 A1 WO 2014198074A1 CN 2013077696 W CN2013077696 W CN 2013077696W WO 2014198074 A1 WO2014198074 A1 WO 2014198074A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gasification furnace
organic material
cracking
dry distillation
carbonization
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/077696
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
隋建国
由甲
由里
隋荣恒
吴班
Original Assignee
山东汉菱电气有限公司
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Publication of WO2014198074A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014198074A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of organic material processing, in particular to an organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace. Background technique
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present invention needs to provide an organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace which does not produce toxic gases such as dioxins, and which is free from heavy metal pollution and has low cost.
  • An organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace comprising: a cracking gasification furnace body, wherein the cracking gasification furnace body is provided with a feed port and an air outlet; a plurality of dry distillation chambers, and the plurality of dry distillation chambers Arranged in the cracking gasification furnace body, and two adjacent dry distillation chambers are separated by a partition wall, and each of the dry distillation chambers is provided with a discharge opening at the bottom; a heating device, the heating device is disposed at the The plurality of dry distillation chambers are used to perform air dry distillation of the materials in the plurality of retorts to produce solid carbonaceous materials and dry distillation gas.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can perform air-drying treatment on materials such as domestic garbage, and gas and solid discharges obtained by dry distillation do not produce dioxins, and no heavy metal pollution, waste residue, no need to spray Oil-supported, environmentally friendly and low cost.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace according to the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the plurality of dry distillation chambers are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and each of the dry distillation chambers extends in the up and down direction .
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace further comprises: an upper silo, the top of the top silo is open, the bottom of the top silo and the cracking gasification furnace body a feed port communication; and a sealed automatic feeding device, the sealed automatic feeding device is disposed between the bottom of the top silo and the feed port of the cracking gasification furnace body to control the top material by air isolation The contents of the bin are supplied to the cracking gasifier body.
  • the top bin is formed in a funnel shape.
  • the automatic feeding device is a valve provided on a line between the bottom of the top bin and the feed port of the cracking gasification furnace body.
  • the automatic feeding device is an electric valve.
  • the feed port of the cracking gasification furnace body is further provided with a distribution passage for distributing the material.
  • the distribution passage is formed in an inverted Y shape and includes an upper passage, a first lower passage, and a second lower passage that communicate with each other, wherein a top end of the upper passage and a bottom of the top silo Connected, and first The bottoms of the lower passage and the second lower passage lead to the cracking gasifier body, respectively.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace further comprises: a distributing device, the distributing device being disposed under the feeding port to distribute the material supplied to the feeding port.
  • the distributing device comprises: a support member, the support member extends in a longitudinal direction of the cracking gasification furnace body; a plurality of retaining members, one end of each of the retaining members is connected at The support member and the other end extend laterally toward the inner side wall of the cracking gasifier body.
  • the retaining member extends in a lateral direction.
  • the plurality of retaining members are evenly distributed on lateral sides of the support member.
  • the support member and the retaining member are identical in shape, and each of the support member and the retaining member includes a first plate symmetrically disposed in a cross section and The second plate is connected to the first plate and the second plate end and forms an angle of 30-180 degrees between the first plate and the second plate.
  • a vertical extending vent pipe is fixedly disposed on the horizontal support member, and the vent pipe is formed with a venting passage communicating with an interior of the cracking gasification furnace body, the air outlet Formed at the outlet end of the venting passage.
  • the heating device is a surface insulated electric heater or an electric heating rod.
  • the heating device comprises an electric heating wire and an insulating layer sleeved thereover.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace further comprises: a plurality of automatic sealing and discharging devices, wherein the plurality of automatic sealing and discharging devices are respectively disposed in the row of the plurality of retorting chambers At the feed port, the dry distillation chamber is discharged.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace further comprises: a sealed discharge bin, the sealed discharge bin is disposed at a bottom of the cracking gasification furnace body and the cracking gasification furnace Internal communication of the body, wherein a bottom of the plurality of dry distillation chambers protrudes into the sealed discharge bin; a chain discharge device, the chain discharge device is disposed in the sealed discharge bin to receive the The material discharged from the discharge device is automatically sealed and discharged.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace further comprises: a furnace body support frame, the furnace body support is arranged on the outer side wall of the lower portion of the furnace body to support the furnace body.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic material dry distillation pyrolysis gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a distributing device of an organic material dry distillation pyrolysis gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a primary dry distillation gas scrubbing tower according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a secondary dry gas scrubber in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a self-cleaning heat exchange apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a flow diagram of an organic material processing method in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or connected integrally; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be specifically understood by those skilled in the art.
  • an organic material processing system includes an organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100, a dry distillation gas washing apparatus, and a self-cleaning heat exchange apparatus 300.
  • the organic material processing system can be used to treat domestic waste.
  • an organic material processing system for treating domestic garbage will be described as an example.
  • the organic material processing system for treating domestic waste is described by way of example only, and not limited thereto, the organic material processing system according to the present invention can also be used to process other types of pending treatment.
  • Materials such as agricultural and sideline products straw, cotton straw, wine by-product liqueur and distiller's grains, plant leaves, industrial waste and medical waste.
  • the organic material dry distillation pyrolysis gasification furnace 100 is provided with a feed port and an air outlet, and the bottom of the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 has a discharge port, wherein the organic material enters from the feed port.
  • the organic material is subjected to dry distillation in the cracking and gasification furnace 100, and the organic material is discharged from the discharge port, and the produced dry distillation gas is discharged from the gas outlet.
  • the components of the dry distillation gas include other mixtures of various components such as methane, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and trace amounts of nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the feed port and the gas outlet are disposed at the top of the organic material pyrolysis cracking gasification furnace 100.
  • the dry distillation gas washing apparatus is connected downstream of the organic material pyrolysis cracking gasification furnace 100 and receives and scrubs the dry distillation gas discharged from the gas outlet.
  • a self-cleaning heat exchange device 300 is connected downstream of the dry distillation gas scrubbing apparatus to treat the scrubbed purified scrubber gas to obtain a clean combustible dry distillation gas.
  • the organic material is firstly introduced into the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 to perform air dry distillation, that is, the dry distillation gas is obtained by pure oxygen-free dry distillation, and then the dry distillation gas is sequentially introduced.
  • the dry distillation gas washing device and the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300 are subjected to washing purification and treatment, and finally a clean combustible dry distillation gas can be obtained, thereby greatly reducing the environmental impact of the organic material, especially such as dioxins.
  • the production of carcinogens, and through the above-mentioned treatment of organic materials can also obtain combustible energy, so that the utilization value of organic materials can be maximized.
  • the organic material processing system of the present invention in the case of domestic garbage, compared with the conventionally used incineration garbage disposal method, the gas and solid emissions generated by the same do not cause dioxin and heavy metal pollution, and no treatment is possible. Waste residue, the solid produced can be used as a smokeless fuel. Its calorific value is more than 5,000 kcal per kilogram. The material can be completely retorted according to actual needs, and the powder used in the construction industry and the additives used in the cement industry can be produced. At the same time, the dry distillation gas used for power generation is produced, and the calorific value is more than 6000 kcal per cubic meter.
  • This process simulates industrial furnace retorting test; in the case of standard weighing test data, every ton of municipal solid waste is completely retorted (water content is reduced to 20%, and pulverized and formed), and can produce 800 cubic meters of combustible gas. Above, at the same time, more than 100 kg of tar is produced, and most of them are light tar.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 includes a cracking gasification furnace body 110, a plurality of retorting chambers 120, and a heating device 130.
  • a feed port and an air outlet are formed at the top of the cracking gasifier body 110.
  • the cracking gasification furnace body 110 defines an accommodation space for containing the material to be retorted.
  • the top of the cracking gasification furnace body 110 has a feed port for supplying the material to be retorted into the accommodation space, and the gasification furnace body is cracked.
  • the top of the 110 has an air outlet to discharge the gas obtained by the dry distillation through the air outlet.
  • a plurality of retorting chambers 120 are juxtaposed in the cracking gasification furnace body 110, and two adjacent retorting chambers 120 are spaced apart by a partition wall 121, and each of the retorting chambers 120 is provided with a discharge port 122 at the bottom.
  • a plurality of retorting chambers 120 are disposed in parallel with each other in the lower portion of the cracking gasification furnace body 110, and adjacent retorting chambers 120 are spaced apart by a partition wall 121, and the top of the retorting chamber 120 is opened to receive
  • the bottom of each of the retorting chambers 120 has a discharge port 122 for discharging the solid matter obtained by dry distillation, such as a smokeless fuel or a powder used in the construction industry, and an additive used in the cement industry, etc., from the discharge port 122.
  • dry distillation such as a smokeless fuel or a powder used in the construction industry, and an additive used in the cement industry, etc.
  • the heating device 130 is disposed in the plurality of retorting chambers 120 to perform air-drying of the materials in the plurality of retorting chambers 120 to produce solid carbonaceous materials and dry distillation gas.
  • each of the retorting chambers 120 is provided with a heating device 130, and the heating device 130 separately performs air-drying of the materials to be rectified in each of the retorting chambers 120, that is, the materials to be rectified, such as organic
  • the material is completely isolated from the air retorting during the retorting process to obtain a solid carbonaceous material and a dry distillation gas.
  • the temperature in the retorting chamber can be adjusted as desired depending on the nature of the organic material.
  • the heating device 130 can be a surface insulated electric heating rod.
  • the electric heating rod can be powered by an AC or DC voltage source.
  • the temperature in the retorting chamber 120 can be arbitrarily adjusted by the heating device 130. The entire process of starting production and stopping production is simple, and the entire process can be automated.
  • the material to be retorted such as domestic garbage enters the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 for dry distillation, and discharges the smokeless fuel product or the powder used in the construction industry and the additive used in the cement industry, and continuously produces a dry distillation gas and a tar product, wherein the dry distillation is generated.
  • the gas may be a combustible gas, and the combustible gas may be used for generating electricity by an internal combustion type generator set, or may be used instead of city gas or natural gas for direct use by a user.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 can perform air-drying treatment on materials such as domestic garbage, and does not generate dioxins in gas and solid discharges obtained by dry distillation, and has no heavy metal pollution and waste residue.
  • the solid effluent can be used as a smokeless fuel, without the need for fuel injection, environmentally friendly and low cost.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 is convenient to use, and the production process is stopped and the production process is simple, and the entire process can be automated.
  • the plurality of retorting chambers 120 are juxtaposed in the horizontal direction, and each of the retorting chambers 120 extends in the up and down direction.
  • the organic material pyrolysis cracking gasification furnace 100 further includes: Silo 141 and sealed automatic feeder 142.
  • the top of the top bin 141 is open, and the bottom of the top bin 141 is in communication with the feed port of the cracking gasifier body 110.
  • the top silo 141 is disposed above the cracking gasifier body 110, and the top of the top silo 141 is open to feed the material to be retorted from the top of the top silo 141, and the top silo 141
  • the bottom portion communicates with the feed port of the cracking gasification furnace body 110 to feed the material in the top silo 141 into the cracking gasification furnace body 110 through the feed port, for example, the top silo 141 is formed into a funnel shape.
  • the top silo 141 may be formed in a cylindrical shape, an elliptical cylinder shape, a long cylindrical shape or a prismatic shape, or the like.
  • a sealed automatic feeding device 142 is provided between the bottom of the top silo 141 and the feed port of the cracking gasification furnace body 110 to control the material in the top silo 141 to be supplied to the cracking gasifier by means of air isolation. In the body 110, air does not enter the cracking gasifier body 110.
  • the sealed automatic feeder 142 is a valve provided on the line between the bottom of the top silo 141 and the feed port of the cracking gasifier body 110. Further, the sealed automatic feeder 142 is an electric valve.
  • a distribution passage 150 for dispensing material is further provided at the feed port of the cracking gasifier body 110. Referring to Figure 1, a distribution passage 150 is provided between the bottom of the top bin 141 and the top of the furnace body to distribute the material supplied to the furnace body.
  • the distribution passage 150 is formed in an inverted Y shape, and the distribution passage 150 includes an upper passage 151, a first lower passage 153, and a second lower passage 152 that communicate with each other.
  • the top end of the upper passage 151 communicates with the bottom of the upper silo 141, and the bottoms of the first lower passage 153 and the second lower passage 152 lead into the split gasification furnace body 110, respectively.
  • the upper passage 151 extends in the up and down direction, and the top of the upper passage 151 communicates with the bottom of the upper silo 141, and the bottom of the upper passage 151 is respectively connected to the top and the second lower of the first lower passage 153, respectively.
  • the top of the channel 152 is in communication.
  • the first lower channel 153 extends obliquely to the left and then extends vertically downward.
  • the second lower passage 152 extends obliquely to the right and then vertically downward, and the bottoms of the first lower passage 153 and the second lower passage 152 are respectively connected to the top of the cracking gasification furnace body 110 and to the cracking gasification furnace body 110.
  • the accommodation space is communicated to pass the material to be retorted in the top silo 141 into the cracking gasifier body 110.
  • the organic material pyrolysis cracking gasification furnace 100 further includes: a distribution device 160, the distribution device 160 being disposed below the feed port to distribute the material supplied to the feed port.
  • a distribution device 160 is disposed in the accommodating space of the cracking gasification furnace body 110 and above the accommodating space to uniformly distribute the material supplied from the top silo 141 to the plurality of retorting chambers below 120 inside.
  • the drape device 160 includes a horizontal support member 161 and a plurality of retaining members 162.
  • the horizontal support member 161 extends in the longitudinal direction of the cracking gasifier body 110.
  • each of the retaining members 162 is attached to the horizontal support member 161, and the other end of each of the retaining members 162 extends toward the inner side wall of the cracking gasifier body 110.
  • a plurality of retaining members 162 are spaced apart from each other, and each of the retaining members 162 extends from a side wall surface of the horizontal support member 161 toward the inner side wall of the cracking gasifier body 110, requiring It is understood that the end of the retaining member 162 remote from the horizontal support member 161 can be as close as possible to the inner wall of the cracking gasification furnace body 110, thereby striking the horizontal support member 161 and the block when the organic material falls from the lower passages 153, 152, respectively. On the material member 162, a better cloth effect is produced.
  • the plurality of retaining members 162 include a plurality of first retaining members and a plurality of second retaining members, and the plurality of first retaining members and the plurality of second retaining members are respectively along the length of the horizontal supporting member 161
  • the plurality of first and second plurality of members are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the width direction of the horizontal support 161.
  • the plurality of first retaining members and the plurality of second retaining members are respectively in one-to-one correspondence in the longitudinal direction of the horizontal support member 161, as shown in FIG.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and in other examples of the present invention, the plurality of first barrier members and the plurality of second barrier members may also be staggered in the longitudinal direction of the horizontal support member 161 (not shown) ).
  • the retaining member 162 extends in the lateral direction, at which time the retaining member 162 is substantially perpendicular to the horizontal support member 161, that is, the horizontal support member 161 and each of the retaining members
  • the angle between 162 is approximately 90°.
  • the retaining member 162 may also be obliquely coupled to the horizontal support member 161, in which case the angle between the horizontal support member 161 and each of the retaining members 162 is approximately 0°. Between 90° or 90° ⁇ 180°, it should be noted that the angle between the horizontal support member 161 and each of the retaining members 162 does not include 90°.
  • a plurality of retaining members 162 are evenly distributed on both lateral sides of the horizontal support member 161.
  • the stopper members 162 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the horizontal support member 161 are spaced apart from each other by substantially the same distance.
  • each of the horizontal support member 161 and the stopper member 162 has the same shape. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the horizontal support member 161 and the stopper member 162 includes a symmetry in a cross section. The first plate and the second plate are disposed, the first plate and the second plate end are connected and an angle of 30-180 degrees is formed between the first plate and the second plate.
  • the horizontal support member 161 is fixedly disposed with a vertically extending vent pipe 163, and the vent pipe 163 is formed with a venting passage 1631 communicating with the interior of the cracking gasification furnace body, and the air outlet 1632 Formed at the outlet end of the venting passage 1631.
  • the constituents of the body may include methane, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and the like.
  • the horizontal support member 161 may be provided with a plurality of vent pipes 163, and the dry gas is collected through the vent passages 1631 formed in the vent pipe 163.
  • the port 1632 (not shown) is described.
  • the heating device 130 is an electric heater, such as an electric heating rod, which can use an alternating or direct current voltage source to insulate the material to be retorted from the air to produce a high temperature hot gas.
  • the heating device 130 includes an electric heating wire and an insulating layer sleeved thereover.
  • the gas calorific value of domestic garbage is more than 6000 kcal
  • the gas volume is relatively large, for example, 800 cubic meters per ton of gas produced, and one ton of domestic garbage is processed, and electric heaters such as electricity
  • the power consumed by the heating rod only accounts for a small fraction of the calorific value per ton of gas produced, so the operating cost is low.
  • the heating device 130 can also employ other types of electric heaters to achieve different heating effects.
  • the organic material pyrolysis cracking gasification furnace 100 further includes: a plurality of automatic sealing discharge devices 170, and a plurality of automatic sealing discharge devices 170 are respectively disposed at the discharge ports 122 of the plurality of retorting chambers 120 The discharge port 122 is automatically opened and closed as needed. As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of automatic sealing and discharging devices 170 are respectively disposed at the bottoms of the plurality of retorting chambers 120. When the automatic sealing and discharging device 170 is in an open state, the solid matter obtained by retorting in the cracking gasification furnace body 110 can be The air is discharged through the discharge port 122 and maintained inside the dry distillation chamber.
  • the specific construction of the automatic seal discharge device 170 is readily available in the art, and its structure will not be described in detail herein.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 further includes a sealed discharge bin 180 and a chain discharge device.
  • the sealed discharge bin 180 is disposed at the bottom of the cracking gasification furnace body 110, and the sealed discharge silo 180 communicates with the interior of the cracking gasification furnace body 110, wherein the bottoms of the plurality of retorting chambers 120 extend into the sealed discharge silo 180, The solid matter obtained by the dry distillation is discharged through the discharge port 122 and falls into the sealed discharge bin 180.
  • a chain discharge device (not shown) is provided in the sealed discharge bin 180 to receive and discharge the material discharged from the automatic sealing discharge device 170.
  • the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 further includes: a furnace body support frame 190, and a furnace body support frame 190 is disposed on an outer side wall of the lower portion of the furnace body to support the furnace body.
  • the furnace support frame 190 is disposed at a lower portion of the furnace body and above the sealed discharge bin 180.
  • the working process of the organic material dry distillation pyrolysis gasification furnace 100 is as follows: The material to be retorted continuously enters the organic material dry distillation pyrolysis gasification furnace 100, and encounters the high temperature hot gas rising from the bottom for reverse exchange, and removes the moisture carried by the material outside, the material Continue to descend into the plurality of retorting chambers 120 below to perform drying and dry distillation, and provide a continuous retorting heat source from the electric heating rod in the retorting chamber 120, and then dry distillation to obtain solid materials such as smokeless fuel or powder used in the construction industry and the cement industry.
  • the additive or the like used is discharged through the automatic sealing discharge device 170 at the bottom of the cracking gasification furnace body 110, and the gas obtained by the dry distillation is discharged through the vent pipe 163 above the cracking gasification furnace body 110.
  • the organic material processing system may further include a primary screening device (not shown) connected to the upstream of the organic material pyrolysis cracking gasifier 100 to treat the organic material to be treated. Screening.
  • the primary screening apparatus may include a strip screen (not shown) for screening the to-be-processed A part of the organic material is heavy. Specifically, a strip sieve can be used to remove a small amount of heavy impurities mainly composed of a metal.
  • the organic material processing system further includes a dehydration device (not shown) for dehydrating the organic material, and the dehydration device is disposed in the primary screening device and the organic material dry distillation pyrolysis gasifier 100. between.
  • impurities removed by the primary screening apparatus may be subjected to dehydration treatment in a dewatering apparatus.
  • the organic material processing system further includes a molding apparatus (not shown), and the molding apparatus is disposed between the dewatering apparatus and the organic material pyrolysis cracking gasification furnace 100 to mix and mix the dehydrated organic materials. .
  • the dry gas scrubbing apparatus may include a primary dry gas scrubber 210.
  • the primary dry gas scrubbing column 210 may include a first column body 211 and a water seal box 212.
  • the upper portion of the first tower body 211 has a first dry distillation gas inlet 2111, and the dry distillation gas generated by the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 is discharged from the gas outlet of the organic material pyrolysis cracking gasification furnace 100, A dry distillation inlet 2111 enters the first column body 211 for washing.
  • the top of the first tower body 211 has a first circulating water inlet 2112. It is understood that the first circulating water inlet 2112 is located above the first dry distillation gas inlet 2111 to allow the dry distillation gas entering from the first dry distillation inlet 2111.
  • the washing is completed by mixing with circulating water flowing in from the first circulating water inlet 2112 above it.
  • the primary dry gas scrubber 210 can remove most of the dust, heavy oil, and the like in the dry distillation gas.
  • a first dry distillation gas outlet 2113 may be disposed in a middle portion of the first column body 211, and a dry distillation gas that has been washed in the first column body 211 may be discharged from the first dry distillation gas outlet 2113 and continue downstream.
  • the lower portion of the first tower body 211 is provided with a water-oil inlet 2114, and the first dry distillation gas inlet 2111 is in communication with the gas outlet port 1632.
  • the water seal box 212 that is, the water seal box 212 communicates with the first tower body 211 through the water oil inlet 2114, wherein the upper portion of the water seal box 212 is formed with a first tar overflow port 2121, when the water and oil mixed liquid flows in
  • the water seal box 212 is inside and the liquid level slowly rises to the first tar overflow port 2121, the water-oil mixture can overflow from the first tar overflow port 2121. and can be collected to avoid excessive water oil.
  • the mixed liquid is stored too much in the water seal box 212 and is returned from the water oil inlet 2114 to the first tower body 211.
  • the primary dry gas scrubbing column 210 may also be provided with a water distribution cartridge 213.
  • the water distribution box 213 may be disposed at the top of the first tower body 211, and the first circulating water inlet 2112 is disposed on the water distribution box 213.
  • the first circulating water inlet 2112 may be disposed at the top of the water distribution box 213, and a plurality of water distribution ports may be disposed on the bottom wall or the side wall of the water distribution box 213, and the circulation from the first circulating water inlet 2112
  • the water may flow out from the plurality of water distribution ports, whereby the circulating water may flow from the plurality of directions to the inside of the first tower body 211 to clean the dry distillation gas.
  • the water distribution box 213 is disposed at the top of the first tower body 211, Therefore, the circulating water can be uniformly distributed, and the contact area between the circulating water and the dry distillation gas can be increased, and the cleaning can be more uniform.
  • the primary dry gas scrubber 210 may also include a plurality of first small venturis 214, a plurality of first water spray tubes 215, and a second large venturi tube 216.
  • a plurality of first small venturis 214, A plurality of first water spray tubes 215 and second large venturi tubes 216 may be disposed within the first tower body 211.
  • a plurality of first small venturis 214 may be juxtaposed and each first small venturi 214 extends in a vertical direction, and the top ends of the plurality of first small venturis 214 may be low.
  • first dry distillation gas inlet 2111 one end of each of the first water spray pipes 215 (for example, the upper end shown in FIG. 3) is connected to the water distribution box 213.
  • the upper ends of each of the first water spray pipes 215 may be respectively connected to the water distribution box 213.
  • a plurality of water distribution ports, and the other end of each of the first water spray pipes 215 for example, the lower end shown in FIG.
  • first small venturi 214 may extend into the corresponding first small venturi 214 for entering from the first dry gas inlet 2111.
  • the dry distillation gas is washed. That is, the plurality of first water spray pipes 215 are disposed corresponding to the plurality of first small venturi pipes 214, such that the dry distillation gas entering from the first dry distillation gas inlet 2111 can enter multiple juxtapositions respectively.
  • the first small venturi 214 is disposed and flushed under the spray of the first water spray tube 215 within each of the first small venturis 214.
  • the scrubbing fluid flowing from the first small venturi 214 is collected at a second largest venturi 216, wherein the second largest venturi 216 can be located below the plurality of first small venturis 214, from the plurality of first
  • the dry distillation gas separately washed in the small venturi 214 can be collected in the second large venturi 216 and flowed to the lower portion of the first tower body 211.
  • the dry gas scrubbing unit may also include a secondary dry gas scrubbing column 220, as shown in FIG.
  • the secondary dry distillation scrubber 220 can be located downstream of the primary dry scrubber scrubber 210.
  • the secondary dry gas scrubbing column 220 includes a second column body 221, a second water spray pipe 222, and a plurality of distribution heat exchange trays 223.
  • the lower portion of the second column body 221 has a second dry distillation gas inlet 2211, and the dry distillation gas discharged from the first dry distillation gas outlet 2113 of the primary dry distillation gas scrubbing column 210 can enter the secondary dry distillation gas washing column from the second dry distillation gas inlet 2211. Perform a second wash.
  • a second dry distillation gas outlet 2212 may be disposed at the top of the second column body 221, and the dry distillation gas washed by the secondary dry distillation scrubber 220 may be discharged from the second dry distillation gas outlet 2212 and continue the downstream process.
  • the secondary dry distillation scrubber 220 can remove light oil from the dry distillation gas and washing liquid which is not favorable for combustion.
  • the second dry distillation gas inlet 2211 is connected to a dry distillation gas pipe 226, and the other end of the dry distillation gas pipe 226 extends upward to be higher than the top of the second gasification body 221 and communicates with the first dry distillation gas outlet 2113.
  • the dry distillation gas can flow from the dry distillation gas pipe 226 into the second column body 221, whereby the dry distillation gas entering the second column can be first flowed through a section of the pipeline for cooling. Improve the cleaning effect.
  • the second water spray pipe 222 may extend from the middle of the second tower body 221 into the second tower body 221, and the circulating water may flow from the second water spray pipe 222 and be sprayed into the second tower body 221.
  • the second water spray pipe 222 may be plural and spaced apart, and each of the second water spray pipes 222 may be provided with a plurality of spaced water spray ports, thereby allowing the circulating water to be sprayed more uniformly.
  • the uniformity of the flushing of the dry distillation gas can be further improved.
  • a plurality of distribution heat exchange trays 223 may be disposed along the radial direction of the second tower body 221 and spaced apart from each other in the up and down direction.
  • each of the distribution heat exchange trays 223 may be disposed along the radial direction of the second tower body 221, and the plurality of distribution heat exchange trays 223 may be spaced apart from each other in the up and down direction, respectively.
  • the composition of the dry distillation gas is complex and diverse, and the density of the gas of each component is different, thereby causing the gas component having a small density to rapidly rise to the top of the second tower body 221 in the second tower body 221.
  • the multi-component gas can be uniformly and uniformly discharged into the second tower body 221, whereby the heat exchange tray 223 can be disposed along the radial direction of the second tower body 221, whereby the heat exchange tray 223 can be quickly raised.
  • the gas acts as a barrier, and the multi-component gas can continue to rise after being mixed under the distribution heat exchange tray 223. Further, by providing a plurality of distribution heat exchange trays 223 in the vertical direction, the multi-component gas can be mixed a plurality of times and finally discharged from the second dry distillation gas outlet 2212.
  • the secondary dry scrubber scrubber 220 may also include a water seal cartridge 224 and a wash liquor drain 225.
  • the upper portion of the water seal cylinder 224 has a second tar overflow port 2241, and one end of the wash liquid drain pipe 225 (for example, the upper end in FIG. 4) communicates with the lower portion of the second tower body 221, and the washing liquid drain
  • the second end of the liquid pipe 225 projects into the lower portion of the water seal cylinder 224, and the lower end of the water seal cylinder 224 is lower than the lower end of the second tower body 221 to condense water in the second tower body 221. It is discharged into the water seal cylinder 224.
  • the washing liquid can be discharged from the second tar overflow port 2241 after being collected into the water seal cylinder 224 to a certain extent, that is, when the liquid level exceeds the second tar overflow port 2241. It can also be collected to prevent the washing liquid from flowing back from the washing liquid drain pipe 225 back into the second column body 221.
  • the lower portion of the second tower body 221 may further be provided with a sweeping port 2213 which is lower than one end of the washing liquid draining pipe 225.
  • a sweeping port 2213 which is lower than one end of the washing liquid draining pipe 225.
  • the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300 may be disposed downstream of the secondary dry gas scrubbing tower 220, and the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300 includes at least one primary self-cleaning heat exchanger 310, each self-cleaning heat exchanger 310.
  • the housing 311 includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes 312, a gas filter 313, and a plurality of self-cleaning heat exchange trays 314.
  • the housing 311 may have a rectangular tubular gas chamber oriented in the up and down direction, and the top of the housing 311 has a gas outlet 3111 through which the dry distillation gas cleaned in the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300 can be discharged.
  • the lower portion of the 311 has a gas inlet 3112, so that the dry distillation gas discharged from the secondary dry distillation scrubber 220 can flow from the gas inlet 3112 into the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300 for cleaning.
  • the plurality of heat exchange tubes 312 are distributed in a plurality of layers spaced apart from each other in the up and down direction, and each of the heat exchange tubes 312 may be configured to be configured in a plum blossom shape in a lateral direction (for example, a direction perpendicular to the up and down direction in Fig. 5). Cooling water is supplied to each of the heat exchange tubes 312, whereby the dry distillation gas flowing out from the gas inlets 3112 flows upward and exchanges heat with each heat exchange to obtain cooling.
  • the gas filter 313 is disposed at a lower portion of the casing 311 and higher than the gas inlet 3112 to filter the gas entering the casing 311, and the plurality of self-cleaning heat exchange trays 314 are disposed along the radial direction of the casing 311 and are vertically arranged. They are spaced apart from one another, wherein each self-cleaning heat exchange tray 314 can be disposed between two of the heat exchange tubes 312. Similar to the distribution heat exchange tray 223 in the second-stage dry distillation scrubber 220, by providing the self-cleaning heat exchange tray 314, the ascending multi-component gas can be uniformly mixed and discharged.
  • the lower portion of the casing 311 is provided with a condensate discharge port 3113, wherein the gas inlet 3112 is higher than the condensate discharge port 3113, whereby the condensate can be discharged from the condensate discharge port 3113.
  • the self-cleaning heat exchange tray 314 includes three. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring uniform mixing of other components, the equipment investment can be reduced and the cost can be reduced.
  • the housing 311 may have a cooling water inlet 3114, a cooling water outlet 3115, a cooling water inlet 3114, and a cooling water outlet 3115 communicating with the plurality of heat exchange tubes 312. Supply cooling water.
  • a water-cooling wall 315 is disposed on the outer wall of the casing 311, and the water-cooling wall 315 is disposed to communicate with the plurality of heat exchange tubes 312 and pass cooling water supplied through the cooling water inlet 3114 through the heat exchange.
  • the tube 312 is then discharged from the cooling water outlet 3115. Thereby, cooling water can be introduced into the water wall 315 to further exchange heat with the dry distillation gas in the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300 to cool it.
  • each self-cleaning heat exchanger 310 may also include an outlet lancer 316, a self-cleaning uniform distributor 317, and a weak base desulfurization scrubber 318.
  • the outlet mist 316 is disposed in the casing 311 and located below the gas outlet 3111 to separate the droplets entrapped in the gas.
  • the self-cleaning uniform distributor 317 is disposed above the plurality of heat exchange tubes 312 to be in the housing 311.
  • the gas is evenly distributed, and a weak base desulfurization scrubber 318 is disposed within the housing 311 between the outlet mist 316 and the self-cleaning uniform distributor 317 to desulfurize the gas.
  • the droplets flow down the inner wall of the casing 311 and collect to form a condensate, so that the continuously formed condensate continuously carries away the dirt on the inner walls of the heat exchange tubes 312 and the casing 311, thereby automatically maintaining the entire self-cleaning exchange.
  • the interior of the heater 310 is as clean as new and does not require any maintenance.
  • the gas outlet 3111, the outlet mist 316, the weak alkali desulfurization scrubber 318, the self-cleaning uniform distributor 317, and the self-cleaning heat exchange tray 314 are arranged in order from top to bottom.
  • the gas inlet 3112 is connected to a dry distillation gas pipe 226, and the other end of the dry distillation gas pipe 226 extends upwardly above the top of the casing 311 and communicates with the second dry distillation gas outlet 2212.
  • the dry distillation gas discharged from the secondary dry distillation scrubber 220 can be first cooled from the dry distillation gas pipe 226 and then cooled to the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300.
  • the cleaned gas is deoiled, dehydrated, and cooled by the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300.
  • the light oil and the weakly alkaline liquid produced by the self-cleaning heat exchange device 300 can desulfurize and denalyze the gas.
  • the organic material processing system may also include a wash liquor circulation tank (not shown).
  • the washing liquid circulation tank is respectively connected to the first tar overflow port 2121 of the primary dry distillation scrubber 210 and the first circulating water inlet 2112, the second tar overflow port 2241 of the secondary dry distillation scrubber 220, and the second water spray pipe 222.
  • the first washing liquid generated after the initial washing in the primary dry gas scrubbing tower 210 is discharged from the first tar overflow port 2121 into the washing liquid circulation tank to separate tar, dust and first washing water, and the first washing water is returned.
  • a first circulating water inlet 2112 a second washing liquid generated after the second washing in the secondary dry gas scrubbing tower 220 is discharged from the second tar overflow port 2241 into the washing liquid circulating tank to separate tar, dust and second washing water.
  • the first wash water returns to the second water spray pipe 222.
  • impurities such as tar, dust and the like generated by washing in the primary dry distillation scrubber 210 and the secondary dry distillation scrubber 220 can be separated from the condensed water, and the separated The water is sent back to the primary dry scrubber scrubber 210 and/or the secondary dry scrubber scrubber 220 for recycling.
  • the tar after the sinking can be pumped out to the tank for sale.
  • the washing liquid circulation tank may be connected to at least one stage self-cleaning heat exchanger 310 to receive the discharged condensate, and separate impurities such as tar, dust and the like in the condensate from the condensed water therein.
  • the organic material is firstly introduced into the organic material dry distillation cracking gasification furnace 100 for dry distillation and dry distillation gas is produced, and then the dry distillation gas is sequentially introduced into the dry distillation gas washing device and self-cleaning In the heat device 300, washing and purifying and processing are performed, and finally, a clean combustible dry distillation gas can be obtained, thereby reducing the environmental impact of the organic material, and by using the above-mentioned treatment process for the organic material, a combustible energy source can also be obtained, thereby making it possible to Maximize the value of organic materials.
  • the gas and solid emissions generated by the organic material processing system according to the embodiment of the present invention do not produce dioxin and heavy metal pollution, and no waste residue after treatment, and the solid produced It can be used as a smokeless fuel, and its calorific value is more than 5,000 kcal per kilogram.
  • the material can be completely retorted, and the powder used in the construction industry and the additives used in the cement industry can be produced.
  • the dry distillation gas used for power generation is produced, taking domestic garbage as an example: The calorific value is more than 6000 kcal per cubic meter.
  • the temperature inside the organic material dry distillation pyrolysis gasifier 100 can be adjusted at will, the production process and the production process are stopped, and the whole process can be automatically controlled.
  • the generated combustible gas can be generated by the internal combustion type generator set. It can replace city gas or natural gas for direct use by users.
  • the applicable material range of the process agricultural and sideline products straw, cotton wine by-product liqueur and distiller's grains, plant leaves, industrial waste, medical waste, domestic garbage and other organic material mixtures.
  • the processing method includes the following steps:
  • the organic material is insulated from air and is subjected to low temperature pyrolysis dry distillation below 650 degrees Celsius to produce solid material, dry distillation gas and tar. This step can be completed in the organic material dry distillation pyrolysis gasifier 100.
  • washing and purifying the dry distillation gas to remove tar can be carried out in a dry distillation gas scrubbing apparatus, and specifically, in the primary dry distillation scrubber 210 and the secondary dry scrubber scrubber 220.
  • step S3 Perform primary deoiling, dehydration, desulfurization, and denamination of the dry distillation gas after washing and purifying in step S2, and obtain a clean gas.
  • impurities such as tar and dust in the organic material can be separated, and deoiling, dehydrating, desulfurizing, denaminating, and obtaining a clean gas can be obtained, and finally a clean gas can be obtained, which can meet the standards for industrial and civil gas use. .
  • step S2 may include the following steps:
  • the initial spray washing can be carried out by circulating cooling water of 60-65 degrees.
  • the second washing can be performed by circulating the cooling water at a low temperature of 40 to 60 degrees.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • step S4 recovering the washing liquid obtained after the treatment in steps S2 and S3, sedimenting and separating to obtain dust and coke
  • the oil and the cooling water the cooling water is circulated back to the process of step S2.
  • the washing liquid is further heated to 60-65 degrees to separate the tar by natural precipitation.
  • step S1 the following steps are further included before step S1:
  • S01 Primary screening of organic materials. This step can be carried out in a primary screening device. Specifically, the lightweight material is broken down to 8 mm or less.
  • step S02 Dehydrating the organic material obtained in the step S01 and crushing and pulverizing the light material therein. This step can be done in a dewatering unit.
  • S03 Mixing and processing organic materials. This step can be done in the molding equipment. Specifically, the organic material is prepared into a 10-100 mm material for dry distillation.
  • impurities such as tar and dust in the organic material can be separated, and deoiling, dehydrating, desulfurizing, denalyzing, deactivating naphthalene, and obtaining a clean gas can finally obtain a clean gas, which can be achieved.
  • Industrial and civil flammable gas use standards.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil (100) de gazéification par pyrolyse et distillation sèche de matière organique, qui comprend : un corps (110) d'appareil de gazéification par pyrolyse, le corps d'appareil de gazéification par pyrolyse étant doté d'une entrée de matière et d'une sortie de gaz ; de multiples chambres (120) de distillation sèche, les multiples chambres de distillation sèche étant agencées dans le corps d'appareil de gazéification par pyrolyse, deux chambres de distillation sèche adjacentes étant cloisonnées entre elles et les cloisons de distillation sèche étant chacune dotées, dans leur partie fond, d'une ouverture (122) de décharge de matière ; et un appareil (130) de chauffage, l'appareil de chauffage étant agencé à l'intérieur des multiples chambres de distillation sèche pour la distillation sèche isolée de l'air des matières dans les multiples chambres de distillation sèche, afin de générer une matière carbonée solide et un gaz de distillation sèche.
PCT/CN2013/077696 2013-06-09 2013-06-21 Appareil de gazéification par pyrolyse et distillation sèche de matière organique WO2014198074A1 (fr)

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WO2014198074A1 (fr) * 2013-06-09 2014-12-18 山东汉菱电气有限公司 Appareil de gazéification par pyrolyse et distillation sèche de matière organique
TWI619907B (zh) * 2014-04-25 2018-04-01 貫博科技有限公司 裂解爐之物料載具
CN108031653A (zh) * 2017-12-19 2018-05-15 吉林市松花湖实业有限公司 一种循环风选器用的新型分料器及其使用方法

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CN101061888A (zh) * 2006-04-27 2007-10-31 湖南中烟工业公司 一种高温干馏热裂解装置及裂解方法
CN1966609A (zh) * 2006-08-25 2007-05-23 神木县三江煤化工有限责任公司 低温煤干馏方炉
CN201254554Y (zh) * 2008-07-18 2009-06-10 段先胜 具有自动进料装置的气化炉
CN102965129A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2013-03-13 山东汉菱电气有限公司 有机物料气化炉
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