WO2014183615A1 - 载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构及其紧固方法 - Google Patents

载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构及其紧固方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014183615A1
WO2014183615A1 PCT/CN2014/077244 CN2014077244W WO2014183615A1 WO 2014183615 A1 WO2014183615 A1 WO 2014183615A1 CN 2014077244 W CN2014077244 W CN 2014077244W WO 2014183615 A1 WO2014183615 A1 WO 2014183615A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fastening
transparent part
observation window
pressure
arm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/077244
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢晓斌
李震
谢隽永
Original Assignee
Xie Xiaobin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xie Xiaobin filed Critical Xie Xiaobin
Publication of WO2014183615A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014183615A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/48—Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/49—Floating structures with underwater viewing devices, e.g. with windows ; Arrangements on floating structures of underwater viewing devices, e.g. on boats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B19/00—Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to various shallow sea and deep sea manned submersibles in the field of national defense construction, in particular to a transparent installation fastening structure of a viewing window of a manned submersible and a fastening method thereof.
  • the observation window is a key structural component in the submersible.
  • safety performance such as pressure resistance, water tightness and air tightness is more important.
  • the optical performance depends on the material of the transparent member of the observation window.
  • the safety performances such as pressure resistance, water tightness and air tightness mainly depend on the tight connection between the transparent member of the observation window and the outer casing of the submersible.
  • the transparent parts of the submersible observation window usually use inorganic glass or plexiglass with good optical properties and certain strength, but it is a brittle material with low impact strength and stretching. Physical properties such as low strength, low compressive strength, low load bearing strength, poor stress resistance, high coefficient of expansion, strong elongation at break, low modulus of elasticity, low flexural strength, and low yield strength.
  • a planar object 2 when a planar object 2 is placed in a rigid frame, when a uniform load is applied to the plane, the plane of the object will be deformed, and the internal stress will be generated, and the edge will be stressed by the rigid constraint. Concentration effect, when the antagonistic stress exceeds the performance limit of the material of the edge of the object, the edge of the object may be damaged.
  • the object 2 when the object 2 is similar to the hemispherical surface, the dome is facing upward, the arc bottom is placed downward on a rigid plane, and the outer surface of the hemispherical object 2 is subjected to a uniform load, the object 2 does not occur. Deformation of the depression, but this load is transmitted to the edge of the object 2 through the physical structure of the circular arc, and forms a tensile stress perpendicular to the radial direction. When the tensile stress exceeds the performance limit of the material of the edge of the object 2, the edge of the object 2 will damage.
  • Figure 3 to Figure 8 show the main methods for connecting the observation window of the submersible to the outer casing. See American National Standard “Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels Occupied by People” ASME PVHO-1-2012.
  • the basic structure is substantially the same, both of which are placed on the rigid frame around the brittle material, and the water pressure is uniformly applied to one side, and the brittleness is based on the characteristics of the material of the transparent member 2 and the force principle when the transparent member 2 is subjected to uniform water pressure.
  • the edge strength of the material is particularly important. Once it is not handled well, it is easy to have safety problems such as cracks and water seepage.
  • the water pressure received by the transparent member 2 of the observation window is also increased in proportion.
  • the strength and stability of the structure are ensured, and the edge of the transparent member 2 of the observation window is
  • the thickness of the joint of the casing 1 needs to be increased accordingly; however, due to the limitation of optical requirements, the overall thickness of the transparent member 2 must be uniform, and the thickness cannot be locally increased due to the large damage stress at the edge of the transparent member 2, so the design may not be designed.
  • the overall thickness of the transparent member 2 is not increased, which undoubtedly has a certain influence on the optical performance of the transparent member 2, and the internal stress variation is also more complicated.
  • the above-mentioned observation window transparent member and the casing are connected in the following manners: 1. During the manufacturing and processing process, the transparent parts of the observation window will have certain defects or residual stresses, including grinding, polishing and annealing processes, which will damage the internal stress balance of the transparent parts themselves; The process of transportation, storage or assembly may cause the defect or stress to gradually enlarge, and there is a large potential safety hazard in the future;
  • the arc shape has higher requirements on the processing technology of the transparent parts. There must be some error in the processing size or curvature of the transparent parts. Similarly, there is a flatness error in the contact surface between the outer shell of the submersible and the transparent part. There is also a certain flatness error at the contact surface of the transparent member joint. In addition, there are also differences in the tightening degree of the flange fastening bolts. The above errors will affect the fit of the transparent member to the cabin shell, which may result in difficulty in mounting the transparent member. Or there is stress concentration after installation, and the interchangeability of transparent articles is poor;
  • the mounting structure of the transparent member of the world's uploading submersible observation window is substantially the same, but the material and manufacturing process of the transparent member are improved.
  • the fastening structure of the transparent member and the submersible casing is not fundamentally changed, and the above problems still exist.
  • the fastening structure of the submersible transparent member has also become a major problem for the relevant technicians.
  • the present invention discloses a fastening structure for a transparent member of a manned submersible observation window, comprising a submersible casing and a viewing window transparent member mounted on the outer casing;
  • the frame is formed with a mounting structure for engaging the outer casing, the frame includes a pressing component and a fastening component, and the fastening component generates a pre-stress by the cooperation of the pressing component and the transparent component to thereby tighten the transparent Pieces.
  • the fastening assembly includes two arcuate arms symmetrically clamped to the transparent member, and the two arcuate arms are interposed to form a surrounding space
  • the arcuate arm includes a first arm and a second force arm connecting the first force arm, a connection between the first force arm and the second force arm forming a slip end, the first force arm being away from the second force arm
  • One side forms a pressure receiving end
  • the second force arm forms a fastening end on a side away from the first force arm
  • the pressure end of the first force arm receives the pressing force of the pressing component and cooperates with the
  • the transparent member drives the first and second force arms to generate a pre-stress.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the pressing assembly includes a first pressure bar and a second pressure bar; the first pressure bar is disposed outside the first force arm of the arcuate arm; the arcuate arm of the fastening component The two sliding ends of the arcuate arms abut against the first pressure strip; the two pressure receiving ends of the arcuate arms abut against the second pressure strip, and the two fastening ends of the arcuate arms abut the Both sides of the transparent member;
  • the first pressure bar and the second pressure bar respectively open a plurality of corresponding bolt holes; the first pressure bar and the second pressure bar are fastened by bolts; the second pressure bar presses the The two compression ends of the arcuate arms are displaced toward the first pressure bar, and the two sliding ends of the arcuate arms are displaced from each other, and the two fastening ends of the arcuate arms are limited by the transparent member. Thereby driving the first force arm and the second force arm to generate a pre-stressed fastening of the transparent member.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the first pressure bar comprises a bottom plate, the two sides of the bottom plate form a baffle; the baffle and the transparent member are filled with a resin buffer layer; and the first pressure A mounting structure that fits the outer casing of the submersible is formed on the strip.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the end of the transparent member forms a plurality of fastening portions; each of the fastening portions corresponds to the fastening component and each fastening component corresponds to the second pressure strip; The fastening ends of each of the fastening components abut against the sides of the corresponding fastening portion.
  • a side of the transparent member is recessed to form a mounting groove, and a middle portion of the second pressure strip forms a protruding strip; and the protruding strip is embedded in the mounting groove.
  • a seal is provided between the frame and the outer casing.
  • the first force arm is a short straight arm and the second force arm is an arcuate arm.
  • a pressing plate is coupled to the fastening end, and a connecting area of the pressing plate and the second force arm is recessed inward to form a platen position adjusting area.
  • an adhesive can be applied between the two fastening ends and the transparent member, and a double-sided tape or a cushion pad can be applied.
  • the second force arm is spaced apart to form a plurality of overflow grooves; the enclosed space is filled with a sealant.
  • the sliding end of the arcuate arm has a circular arc surface or a sloped surface.
  • a further improvement of the invention is that the thickness of the second force arm forms a thick to thin gradient from the slip end to the fastening end.
  • the compressed end of the arcuate arm of the fastening assembly extends to form a rotational positioning rib, and the second pressure strip is formed with a rotary positioning groove corresponding to the rotational positioning edge of the fastening component.
  • a further improvement of the invention consists in that the pressed ends of the arcuate arms are connected by an arcuate deformation zone.
  • the transparent member of the observation window generates a rigid frame which is integrated with itself by the prestressed component, and then is fastened and installed by the rigid frame and the outer casing of the submersible, so that the ability of the transparent member to bear the load is no longer Depending on the edge strength of the transparent member itself, but the strength of the rigid frame, the strength of the entire viewing window unit is greatly improved. The capacity of the load has also increased significantly;
  • the edge section of the transparent member of the invention is effectively protected from direct contact with the shell, and when the outside is subjected to water pressure, the edge failure stress is effectively transmitted to the tank through the rigid frame, so that the entire tank The overall structure of the shell structure is stronger and more stable, and the service life is longer.
  • the mounting structure of the invention separates the buffering and sealing functions of the original rubber pad and separately sets them, so that the buffering member and the sealing member can be designed according to their specific needs, and are not mutually restrained.
  • the observation window transparent member is fastened in a rigid frame in a positionally adjustable manner, and is formed as a separate observation window structural unit, and the manufacturing component in the rigid frame has a manufacturing error for the transparent member. A certain degree of tolerance, thus making the assembly of the transparent member and the frame more convenient, avoiding the generation of assembly stress, and greatly improving the assembly interchangeability of the observation window unit product.
  • the invention engages the plane of the transparent member through the prestressed structure, and after the fastening component and the transparent member are fastened, the colloid wrapped between the rubber pad and the stress clamp between the cross section of the transparent member and the baffle plate is cured, and is transparent.
  • the formation of a flexible, void-free full contact between the member and the baffle and the fastening assembly not only allows the radial load to be imparted to the transparent member, but also provides a good protection for the cross-section of the transparent member.
  • the invention fills a curable resin buffer layer (such as an epoxy resin filling glue, the following tube is called a resin buffer layer) having a soft first and a hard effect between the outer side of the transparent member fastening component and the baffle, and is not assembled. There is assembly stress, and the lateral load on the transparent part during use can be effectively transmitted to the cabin through the buffer layer. The whole structure is more reasonable and safer to use.
  • a curable resin buffer layer such as an epoxy resin filling glue, the following tube is called a resin buffer layer
  • the fastening component is selected from materials having considerable strength and at the same time having certain elasticity and toughness.
  • the deformation and stress changes of the transparent member due to load such as pressure difference and temperature difference can be tightened.
  • the release and re-generation process of the pre-stress stored in the solid component is buffered, which not only does not superimpose various complicated stresses on each other, but can eliminate or reduce the stress concentration to a certain extent, and maintain the submersible tank. The safety and stability of the body structure.
  • the method for fastening the transparent member and the cabin shell in the present invention no longer needs to consider the direct fit of the cross section of the transparent member and the cabin shell, so the selection of the transparent member will no longer be plagued and limited by the fastening installation method.
  • the choice of materials and shapes will be more free when designing transparent parts.
  • the prestressed fastening process of the present invention is to pre-stress the fastening component by tightening the relevant bolts.
  • the selection of the raw materials of each component and the geometric design are adopted in the previous design module. After the workers can tighten the relevant bolts in place, the preset tightening force can be obtained without being affected by uncertain factors such as operating strength, which greatly reduces the operating conditions, technical requirements and maintenance strength.
  • Figure 3-8 is a structural schematic view showing the connection between the transparent member of the existing manned submersible observation window and the outer casing;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic overall structural view of a submersible for a transparent structure of a manned submersible observation window according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a planar transparent member and a frame connecting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a quarter of a flat transparent member and a frame connecting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is an exploded view of Figure 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection structure between a flat transparent member and a frame according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view showing a connection structure between a flat transparent member and a frame according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a plan view showing the fastening assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the compression deformation of the arc deformation zone of the fastening assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the principle of the fastening process of the frame and the transparent member in the fastening structure of the transparent member of the observation window of the manned submersible according to the present invention
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic plan view showing a connection structure between a transparent member and a frame when the second pressure bar is a T-shaped member according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a connection structure between the transparent member and the frame of the convex window according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection structure of a convex window and a frame of a convex window according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a connection structure of a hemispherical transparent member and a frame according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view showing the connection structure of the hemispherical transparent member and the frame according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic plan view showing a connection structure of a hemispherical transparent member and a frame according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 24 is a plan view showing a connection structure of a hemispherical transparent member and a frame when the second pressure bar is a T-shaped member according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing a connection structure of a spherical transparent member and a frame according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection structure of a spherical hemispherical transparent member and a frame according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a first planar transparent member and a frame connecting structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing a second planar transparent member and a frame connecting structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection structure between a transparent window of a bay window and a frame according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a cross-sectional view showing the connection structure of the hemispherical transparent member and the frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a cross-sectional view showing the connection structure of the spherical transparent member and the frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 32 is a schematic view of another preferred embodiment of the fastening assembly of the fastening structure of the transparent member of the manned submersible viewing window of the present invention. detailed description
  • a fastening structure for a transparent member of a manned submersible viewing window of the present invention includes a submersible casing and a viewing window transparent member mounted to the casing 2; the periphery of the transparent member 2 is combined with a frame 3, and the frame 3 is formed with a mounting structure for the outer casing 1.
  • the frame 3 includes a pressing assembly 31 and a fastening assembly 32, and the fastening assembly 32 is pressed by the cooperation of the pressing assembly 31 and the transparent member 2. A pre-stress is generated to tighten the transparent member 2.
  • the fastening component 32 includes two arcuate arms 321 symmetrically clamped to the transparent member 2, and the material thereof should be selected from materials having considerable strength and elasticity and toughness, such as metal, engineering plastics, A polymer material or the like; a pair of arcuate arms 321 are interposed to form a surrounding space 320, and the arcuate arm 321 includes a first force arm 3211 and a second force arm 3212 connecting the first force arm 3211, the first force arm 3211 and the The joint of the two-force arm 3212 forms a sliding end 3213, and the sliding end 3213 has a circular arc surface or a sloped surface to ensure less resistance during the slipping process; the first force arm 3211 is away from the second force arm.
  • One side of 3212 forms a pressure receiving end 3214, and the pressure receiving end 3214 extends to form a rotating positioning edge 3217;
  • the arm 3212 defines a fastening end 3215 on a side away from the first force arm 3211, a pressing plate 3216 is coupled to the fastening end 3215, and a connection area of the pressing plate 3216 and the second force arm 3212 is recessed inward to form a pressure plate position adjusting area 3218.
  • the platen position adjustment area 3218 can realize the slight self-position adjustment of the pressure plate 3216 during the fastening process, so that the transparent member 2 is attached more smoothly, and the pressure receiving end 3214 of the first force arm 3211 receives the pressing assembly 31.
  • Pressing and engaging the transparent member 2 drives the first force arm 3211 and the second force arm 3212 to generate a pre-stress.
  • the first force arm 3211 is a short straight arm
  • the second force arm 3212 is an arcuate arm
  • the thickness of the second force arm 3212 forms a thickness from the sliding end 3213 to the fastening end 3215.
  • the two arcuate arms 321 are connected between the two pressure receiving ends 3214 by providing an arc deforming portion 3219. When the pressed end 3214 of the first force arm 3211 is pressed, the arc deforming portion 3219 is pressed from the arc.
  • the drawing process of the curved deformation zone 3219 is shown in FIG. 16; the design of the arc deformation zone 3219 ensures that the fastening component 32 has a certain extension space; the two compression ends 3214 of the fastening component 32 are matched. A plurality of bolt holes are formed.
  • An adhesive such as UV glue
  • a double-sided tape such as 3M glue
  • a cushion such as a rubber sheet
  • the second force arm 3212 is spaced apart to form a plurality of overflow grooves.
  • the use of the overflow groove serves to overflow the excess unsolidified sealant when the fastening component 32 is clamped and prevent the expansion or contraction of the sealant during the solidification process.
  • the effect of the pre-stress generated by the solid assembly 32 ensures pre-stressed fastening between the fastening assembly 32 and the transparent member 2 and at the same time achieves a seal.
  • the pressing assembly 31 includes a first pressure bar 311 and a second pressure bar 312.
  • the surface of the second pressure bar 312 cooperates with the rotating positioning edge 3217 to provide two long rotating positioning grooves 3121.
  • the radius of the positioning groove 3121 is equal to or slightly larger than the radius of the rotating positioning edge 3217, so that when the entire viewing window transparent member fastening structure is in the pre-fastening and fastening state, respectively, the rotating positioning edge 3217 can be effectively in the rotating positioning groove 3121.
  • the two sliding ends 3213 are displaced only in the direction away from each other on the surface of the first pressure bar 311.
  • the first pressure bar 311 is disposed on the outer side of the first force arm 3211 of the arcuate arm 321; the two sliding ends 3213 of the arcuate arm 321 of the fastening component 32 abut against the first pressure bar 311; the two pressure ends of the arcuate arm 321 3214 abuts against the second pressure strip 312, and the two fastening ends 3215 of the arcuate arm 321 abut against both sides of the transparent member 2.
  • the first pressure bar 311 and the second pressure bar 312 respectively open a plurality of corresponding bolt holes; the first pressure bar 311 and the second pressure bar 312 are fastened by bolts; the second pressure bar 312 presses the two pressures of the bow arm 321
  • the end 3214 is displaced toward the first pressure bar 311, and the two sliding ends 3213 of the arcuate arm 321 are displaced away from each other.
  • the two fastening ends 3215 of the arcuate arm 321 are constrained by the transparent member 2, thereby driving the first force arm 3211.
  • a pre-stressed fastening transparent member 2 is generated with the second force arm 3212.
  • the first pressure strip 311 includes a bottom plate 3111.
  • the baffles 3112 are formed on both sides of the bottom plate 3111.
  • the baffle 3112 and the transparent member 2 are filled with a resin buffer layer.
  • the frame 3 and a flange 4 form a mounting structure for the submersible casing 1, and the frame 3 passes through the flange 4
  • the buckle is fixed to the outer casing 1, and the mounting structure can also adopt other connecting structures.
  • a sealant is filled in the gap between the second force arm 3212, the transparent member 2 and the second pressure bar 312, thereby achieving a more stable fastening; due to the overflow of the second force arm 3212, overflow
  • the use of the launder serves to relieve excess unsealed sealant when the fastening assembly 32 is clamped and to prevent pre-stressing of the fastening assembly 32 by expansion or contraction of the sealant during solidification.
  • a seal 5 may also be provided between the bezel 3 and the outer casing 1.
  • the second pressure strip 312 is placed in the enclosed space 320 of the fastening assembly 32 and the rotary positioning groove 3121 is engaged with the rotary positioning edge 3217, and then the sealing space is filled in the enclosed space 320 and The first force arm 3211 of the fastening component 32 is disposed on the first pressure bar 311.
  • the two fastening ends 3215 of the arcuate arm 321 abut against the two sides of the transparent member 2; the first pressure bar 311 is disposed on the first force.
  • the operation principle of the entire fastening process is further described below with reference to FIG. 17.
  • the two pressure receiving ends 3214 of the bow arms 321 are displaced toward the first pressure bar 311 by the compression of the second pressure bar 312, and the two arch arms 321 are pressed.
  • the distance between the ends 3214 is controllable (unchanged) during the fastening process, while the two sliding ends 3213 are displaced away from each other by the inner side surface of the first pressure strip 311, and the two fastening ends 3215 are along
  • the displacements are close to each other until they abut against the side of the transparent member 2, so that the distance between the pressing plates 3216 of the two fastening ends 3215 is also controllable, and the fastening point on the transparent member 2 is also controllable; further compression
  • the two pressure receiving ends 3214 are displaced toward the first pressure strip 311, thereby driving the two sliding ends 3213 to continue away from each other, and the two fastening ends 3215 are now abutted against the side of the transparent member 2 and thereby being restrained, first The force arm 3211 and the second force arm 3212 are thereby deformed and prestressed, and thus the transparent member 2 having the stable prestressed structure and the frame 3 are brought into a fastening state, and the transparent member 2 is fastened.
  • the side of the transparent member 2 can also be recessed to form the mounting groove 20
  • the second pressure strip 312 can be used T-shaped member, that is, the second pressure strip 312 can form a convex strip 3122 in the middle;
  • the rib 3122 is embedded in the mounting groove 20 and is coupled to the transparent member 2 by a structural adhesive.
  • the connection area of the second pressure strip 312 and the transparent member 2 is increased, thereby increasing the overall connection strength between the frame 3 and the transparent member 2.
  • the rib 3122 increases the length of the screw hole for the bolt passing between the first pressure bar 311, the fastening component 32 and the second pressure bar 312, so that the bolt has a longer pitch and the first pressure bar is enhanced.
  • the strength and reliability of the screwing between the 311 and the second pressure bar 312 further ensure a stable and firm connection between the frame 3 and the transparent member 2.
  • the embodiment can also be applied to a variety of submersibles for viewing the transparent member of the window.
  • the transparent member fastening structure when the transparent member 2 is a convex window is shown in FIG. 19-20; the transparent member 2 is transparent when the hemispherical window is used.
  • the bottom plate 3111 of the first pressure strip 311 extends outward to form a connecting portion 3113.
  • the connecting portion 3113 cooperates with a flange 4 to form the mounting structure of the embodiment, and the second portion thereof.
  • the structure of the pressure bar 312 T T-shaped member is shown in FIG. 24; and the transparent member fastening structure when the transparent member 2 is a ball window is shown in FIG. 25-26. Referring to FIG.
  • a main structure of a passenger-submersible observation window transparent member fastening structure of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment, with the following differences:
  • the end portion forms a plurality of fastening portions 21; each fastening portion 21 corresponds to a fastening assembly 32 and each fastening assembly 32 corresponds to a second pressure strip 312; the fastening end 3215 of each fastening assembly 32 abuts On both sides of the corresponding fastening portion 21.
  • This embodiment can also be applied to a variety of submersibles for viewing the window transparent member, wherein the transparent member 2 is a flat window and the other transparent member fastening structure is shown in FIG. 28; when the transparent member 2 is a convex window, the transparent member is fastened.
  • FIG. 29 for the structure; see FIG. 30 for the transparent member fastening structure when the transparent member 2 is a hemispherical window; and FIG. 31 for the transparent member fastening structure when the transparent member 2 is a ball window.
  • the second force arm 3212 of the fastening component 32 can be split into a plurality of jaws to better conform to the circular arc surface of the transparent member 2, so that The fastening member 32 secures the transparent member 2 more firmly and stably without damaging the internal stress of the transparent member 2.

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Abstract

一种载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构及其紧固方法，包括外壳（1）和安装于外壳（1）上的观察窗透明件（2），观察窗透明件（2）周边结合有一边框（3），边框（3）包括压迫组件（31）和紧固组件（32），通过压迫组件（31）和观察窗透明件（2）的配合压迫紧固组件（32）生成预应力进而紧固观察窗透明件（2）。该紧固结构强度高，适应面广。

Description

说 明 书 载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构及其紧固方法 技术领域
本发明涉及国防建设领域的各类浅海及深海载人潜水器，尤指一种载人潜水器的观察窗 透明件紧固安装结构及其紧固方法。 背景技术
近年来， 随着科技的发展和国防、科考以及旅游观光等事业的需要， 潜水钟、深海潜艇、 观光潜艇等载人潜水器已得到广泛使用。 而观察窗作为潜水器中关键的结构部件， 除了须具 备良好的光学性能外， 耐压性、 水密性、 气密性等安全性能则更为重要。 其中光学性能取决 于观察窗透明件本身的材质， 耐压性、 水密性、 气密性等安全性能主要取决于观察窗透明件 与潜水器外壳的紧固连接。
为满足潜水器舱内人员对舱外环境观察的要求，潜水器观察窗透明件通常选用光学性能 良好且具备一定强度的无机玻璃或有机玻璃， 但其属于脆性材质， 有冲击强度低、 拉伸强度 低、 压缩强度低、 承载强度低、 抗应力性能差、 膨胀系数高、 断裂延伸性强、 弹性模量小、 挠曲强度低、 屈服强度低等物理特性。
如图 1所示， 当一平面物件 2置于刚性边框内， 在平面上施加均布荷载时， 该物件平面 会发生凹陷变形，其内部会产生对抗性应力，而且边缘受到刚性制约因素形成应力集中效应， 对抗性应力超过该物件边缘材质的性能极限时， 该物件边缘会损坏。
如图 2所示， 当类似于半球面的物件 2, 圆顶朝上、 圆弧底部朝下置于一刚性平面， 且 半球面物件 2外侧面受到均布荷载时， 该物件 2不会发生凹陷变形现象， 但此荷载通过圆弧 物理结构传递至物件 2的边缘， 并形成垂直于径向的拉伸应力， 此拉伸应力超过该物件 2边 缘材质的性能极限时， 该物件 2边缘会损坏。
图 3〜图 8为目前潜水器观察窗与外壳连接的主要方式， 参见美国国家标准《人占用的 压力容器的安全标准》 ASME PVHO-1-2012。 其基本结构大致相同， 均为脆性材料周边搁置 于刚性边框上、 一侧受到均匀水压， 且根据上述透明件 2材质的特性以及透明件 2受到均匀 水压时的受力原理， 因此该脆性材料的边缘强度就显得尤为重要， 一旦处理不好很容易出现 裂缝及渗水等安全问题。 另外， 随着潜水器下潜深度的不断增加， 观察窗透明件 2受到的水 压也是同比例增大的， 为应对深海巨大的水压保证结构的强度与稳定， 观察窗透明件 2边缘 与舱壳 1连接处的厚度需要相应增加； 可是由于受到光学要求的限制， 透明件 2的整体厚度 必须保持一致， 而无法因为透明件 2边缘的破坏应力较大而局部增加厚度， 因此设计时不得 不将透明件 2的整体厚度加大， 这样无疑会对透明件 2的光学性能造成一定的影响， 同时其 内应力变化也更为复杂。
除此之外上述观察窗透明件与舱壳的连接方式还存在以下缺陷： 1、 在生产制造及加工过程中， 观察窗透明件或多或少会存在一定的缺陷或残余应力， 包括磨削、 抛光和退火等工序都会对透明件自身的内应力平衡造成破坏； 后续在运输、 仓储 或装配的过程都可能导致该缺陷或应力逐渐放大， 日后存在较大的安全隐患；
2、 圆弧形对透明件的加工工艺要求更高， 透明件的加工尺寸或弧度等必然存在一定的 误差， 同样潜水器外壳与透明件连接处的接触面存在平整度误差， 法兰环与透明件连接处的 接触面也存在一定的平整度误差， 另外法兰紧固螺栓的拧紧程度也存在差异， 上述误差都将 影响透明件与舱壳的贴合度， 从而导致透明件安装困难， 或者安装后存在应力集中， 且透明 件制品的互换性较差；
3、 在使用过程中， 虽然观察窗透明件与潜水器外壳之间设有胶垫， 但是当潜水器舱外 的水压增大到一定程度时， 胶垫的弹性形变会到达极限， 此时胶垫的緩冲作用将失去而仅存 密封作用， 此时透明件断面与舱壳之间由柔性接触变为了刚性接触， 再加上前述透明件与舱 壳自身都存在一定的精度误差，所以此刚性接触对于透明件的受力状态来说是非常不利的同 时也是极不稳定的， 其自身内部的加工应力与安装应力等都会因此被放大， 从而导致透明件 的边缘强度进一步降低， 直至出现裂缝甚至破坏而引发更严重的安全事故；
4、 潜水器在水中不同深度应对的压强是不同的， 但是胶垫本身无法做到同时具有最佳 的密封效果与最佳的緩冲效果， 因此如何为胶垫的密封与緩冲效果设置一个合适的平衡点就 显得比较困难；
5、 平面透明件外部受到水压时， 其整体必然发生一定程度的形变 （内凹） ， 此时透明 件外侧边角与法兰挡圏以及舱壳之间的缝隙将变大， 当预设的密封垫密封范围不足以覆盖此 缝隙时， 透明件周边将发生渗水等安全事故。
目前世界上载人潜水器观察窗透明件的安装结构大致相同，只是在透明件的材质及制造 工艺上有所改进， 透明件与潜水器外壳的紧固结构并无根本改变， 上述问题依然存在， 潜水 器透明件紧固结构亦成为困扰相关技术人员的一大难题。
然而随着时代的进步， 各行各业的专业技术都在不断更新， 人们对载人潜水器需求也是 有增无减， 可是能够有效提升潜水器观察窗安全性与便捷性的核心技术仍未解决。 针对此类 问题目前尚无比较合理的解决方式， 而本发明填补了此领域的空白。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷， 而提供一种载人潜水器观察窗透明件的紧固结 构。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明公开了一种载人潜水器观察窗透明件的紧固结构， 包括潜 水器外壳和安装于所述外壳的观察窗透明件； 所述透明件周边结合有一边框， 所述边框上形 成有配合所述外壳的安装结构， 所述边框包括压迫组件和紧固组件， 通过所述压迫组件和透 明件的配合压迫所述紧固组件生成预应力进而紧固所述透明件。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述紧固组件包括两个对称夹持于所述透明件的弓形臂， 两 弓形臂之间夹设形成一围合空间， 所述弓形臂包括第一力臂与连接所述第一力臂的第二力 臂， 所述第一力臂与所述第二力臂的连接处形成滑移端， 所述第一力臂于远离所述第二力臂 的一侧形成受压端， 所述第二力臂于远离所述第一力臂的一侧形成紧固端， 所述第一力臂的 受压端接受所述压迫组件的压迫并配合所述透明件驱使所述第一力臂与第二力臂生成预应 力。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述压迫组件包括第一压力条和第二压力条； 所述第一压力 条设置于所述弓形臂的第一力臂的外侧；所述紧固组件的弓形臂的两滑移端^ I氏靠于所述第一 压力条； 所述弓形臂的两受压端抵靠于所述第二压力条， 所述弓形臂的两紧固端抵靠于所述 透明件的两侧面；
所述第一压力条和所述第二压力条分别开设有复数个对应的螺栓孔；通过螺栓紧固所述 第一压力条与所述第二压力条；所述第二压力条压迫所述弓形臂的两受压端向所述第一压力 条方向位移， 所述弓形臂的两滑移端发生相互远离的位移， 所述弓形臂的两紧固端受到所述 透明件的限位， 从而驱使所述第一力臂与所述第二力臂生成预应力紧固所述透明件。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述第一压力条包括一底板， 所述底板的两侧形成挡板； 所 述挡板与所述透明件之间填充树脂緩冲层；且所述第一压力条上形成有配合所述潜水器外壳 的安装结构。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述透明件的端部形成复数个紧固部； 每一所述紧固部对应 有一所述紧固组件且每一紧固组件对应有一所述第二压力条；每一所述紧固组件的紧固端抵 靠于对应紧固部两侧。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述透明件的侧边凹陷形成安装槽， 所述第二压力条中部形 成凸条； 所述凸条嵌设于所述安装槽内。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述边框与所述外壳之间设有密封件。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述第一力臂为一短直臂， 所述第二力臂为一弧形臂。 本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述紧固端上结合有压板， 且所述压板与所述第二力臂的连 接区域向内凹陷形成一压板位置调节区。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述两紧固端与所述透明件之间可涂抹粘结胶、 夹设双面胶 或垫设緩冲垫。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述第二力臂间隔形成复数个溢流槽； 所述围合空间内填充 有密封胶。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述弓形臂的滑移端呈圆弧面或斜面。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述第二力臂的厚度自所述滑移端至所述紧固端形成一由厚 至薄的渐变。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述紧固组件的弓形臂的受压端延伸形成有一旋转定位棱， 所述第二压力条对应所述紧固组件的所述旋转定位棱形成有旋转定位槽。
本发明的进一步改进在于， 所述弓形臂的受压端之间通过一弧形变形区连接。
本发明由于釆用了以上技术方案， 使其具有的有益效果是：
1. 本发明中观察窗透明件通过预应力组件于周边生成一圏与自身合为一体的刚性边 框， 然后通过该刚性边框与潜水器外壳实现紧固安装， 因此透明件承受荷载的能力不再取决 于透明件自身的边缘强度， 而是刚性边框的强度， 故整个观察窗单元的强度大大提高， 承受 荷载的能力也大幅增加；
2、 本发明透明件的边缘断面得到了有效的保护而不再与舱壳直接接触， 其外侧受到水 压作用时， 边缘的破坏应力将通过此刚性边框有效地传递至舱壳， 这样整个舱壳结构的整体 性更强也更稳定、 使用寿命更长。
3、 本发明安装结构使得原有胶垫的緩冲与密封作用分离并单独进行设置， 因此緩冲件 与密封件均可根据其具体需要进行针对性的设计， 不再互相牵制。
4. 在本发明中， 观察窗透明件以位置可调的方式紧固于刚性边框内、 形成为一个独立 的观察窗结构单元， 且刚性边框内的紧固组件对透明件的生产制造误差有一定的宽容度， 因 此使得透明件与边框的装配更便捷、避免了装配应力的产生， 同时可大幅提高观察窗单元制 品的装配互换性。
5. 本发明通过预应力结构咬合透明件平面， 在紧固组件与透明件紧固完成后， 透明件 断面与挡板之间的胶垫以及应力夹之间包裹的胶体均达到固化状态，透明件与挡板和紧固组 件之间形成柔性的、 无空隙的完全接触， 既可传递透明件所受的径向荷载， 又对透明件的断 面起到了很好的保护作用。
6、 本发明在透明件紧固组件外侧与挡板之间填充具有先软后硬效果的可固化树脂緩冲 层（如环氧树脂填充胶， 以下筒称树脂緩冲层） ， 组装时不存在装配应力， 使用过程中透明 件所受的侧向荷载， 均可有效地通过该緩冲层传递至舱壳， 整个结构受力更合理、 使用更安 全。
7. 本发明中紧固组件选用具有相当强度， 同时兼具一定弹性与韧性的材料， 在潜水过 程中， 透明件由于受到压差与温差等荷载而产生的变形与应力变化， 均可通过紧固组件自身 蕴藏的预应力的释放与再生成的过程进行緩冲， 不仅不会使各种复杂的应力相互叠加， 相反 能在一定程度起到消除或减小应力集中的作用， 保持潜水器舱体结构的安全与稳定。
8、 本发明对透明件与舱壳实施紧固的方式， 不再需要考虑透明件的断面与舱壳的直接 贴合， 因此透明件的选择将不再受紧固安装方式的困扰与限制， 在透明件设计时对材质与外 形等的选择将更加自由。
9. 本发明预应力紧固的实施过程是通过拧紧相关螺栓来压迫紧固组件而使其产生预应 力， 在具体操作时， 通过前期的设计模块中对各个组件原材料的选择及几何形状的设计， 后 期工人只需将相关螺栓拧紧到位即可得到预设的紧固力，无须受到操作力度等不确定因素的 影响， 大大降低了操作条件和技术要求与维修保养强度。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术的平面透明件受力图；
图 2为现有技术的半球型透明件受力图；
图 3-8为现有载人潜水器观察窗透明件与外壳连接的结构示意图；
图 9为本发明载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构的潜水器整体结构示意图； 图 10为本发明实施例一平面透明件与边框连接结构整体立体示意图；
图 11为本发明实施例一平面透明件与边框连接结构四分之一立体示意图； 图 12为图 11的分解图；
图 13为本发明实施例一的平面透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 14为本发明实施例一的平面透明件与边框连接结构平面示意图；
图 15为本发明紧固组件平面示意图；
图 16为本发明紧固组件的弧形变形区受压变形示意图；
图 17为本发明载人潜水器观察窗透明件的紧固安装结构中边框与透明件紧固过程原理 示意图；
图 18为本发明实施例一第二压力条为 T型件时的透明件与边框连接结构平面示意图； 图 19为本发明实施例一的凸窗透明件与边框连接结构立体示意图；
图 20为本发明实施例一的凸窗透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 21为本发明实施例一的半球透明件与边框连接结构立体示意图；
图 22为本发明实施例一的半球透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 23为本发明实施例一的半球透明件与边框连接结构平面示意图；
图 24为本发明实施例一第二压力条为 T型件时的半球透明件与边框连接结构平面示意 图；
图 25为本发明实施例一的球形透明件与边框连接结构立体示意图；
图 26为本发明实施例一的球形半球透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 27为本发明实施例二的第一平面透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 28为本发明实施例二的第二平面透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 29为本发明实施例二的凸窗透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 30为本发明实施例二的半球透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 31为本发明实施例二的球形透明件与边框连接结构截面图；
图 32为本发明载人潜水器观察窗透明件的紧固结构中紧固组件的另一较佳实施例示意 图。 具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
请参见图 9-11 , 在本发明的第一较佳实施例中， 本发明的一种载人潜水器观察窗透明件 的紧固结构， 包括潜水器外壳和安装于外壳的观察窗透明件 2; 透明件 2周边结合有一边框 3 , 边框 3上形成有配合外壳 1的安装结构， 边框 3包括压迫组件 31和紧固组件 32, 通过 压迫组件 31和透明件 2的配合压迫紧固组件 32生成预应力进而紧固透明件 2。
请参阅图 14-15, 紧固组件 32包括两个对称夹持于透明件 2的弓形臂 321 , 其材料应选 用具有相当强度， 同时兼具一定弹性与韧性的材料， 如金属、 工程塑料、 高分子材料等； 两 弓形臂 321之间夹设形成一围合空间 320, 弓形臂 321 包括第一力臂 3211与连接第一力臂 3211的第二力臂 3212, 第一力臂 3211与第二力臂 3212的连接处形成一滑移端 3213 , 该滑 移端 3213呈圆弧面或斜面可以在保证在滑移过程中产生的阻力更小； 第一力臂 3211于远离 第二力臂 3212的一侧形成受压端 3214, 受压端 3214延伸形成有旋转定位棱 3217; 第二力 臂 3212于远离第一力臂 3211的一侧形成紧固端 3215, 紧固端 3215上结合有压板 3216, 且 压板 3216与第二力臂 3212的连接区域向内凹陷形成一压板位置调节区 3218, 通过该压板 位置调节区 3218可在紧固过程中实现压板 3216微小的自身位置调节，以使其更平整地贴附 透明件 2, 第一力臂 3211的受压端 3214接受压迫组件 31的压迫并配合透明件 2驱使第一 力臂 3211与第二力臂 3212生成预应力。 在本实施例中第一力臂 3211为一短直臂， 第二力 臂 3212为一弧形臂，且第二力臂 3212的厚度自滑移端 3213至紧固端 3215形成一由厚至薄 的渐变， 该种结构可以保证整个弧形臂充分和均匀形变， 不易折断。 两弓形臂 321在两受压 端 3214之间通过设置一弧形变形区 3219进行连接，当第一力臂 3211的受压端 3214受压时， 弧形变形区 3219自弧形被压迫可拉伸延展， 弧形变形区 3219的受压变形过程请参阅图 16; 弧形变形区 3219的设计保证了紧固组件 32具有一定的延展空间； 紧固组件 32的两受压端 3214之间配合形成有复数个螺栓孔。 两紧固端 3215与透明件 2之间可涂抹粘结胶（如 UV 胶）或夹设双面胶（如 3M胶）或塾设緩冲垫（如橡胶片） 。 第二力臂 3212间隔形成复数 个溢流槽， 溢流槽的釆用起到了紧固组件 32夹合时多余未凝固密封胶溢出作用和防止了密 封胶在凝固过程中的膨胀或收缩对紧固组件 32产生的预应力的影响，确保紧固组件 32与透 明件 2之间的预应力紧固和同时实现密封。
请参阅图 12-15, 压迫组件 31包括第一压力条 311和第二压力条 312; 第二压力条 312 的表面中部配合旋转定位棱 3217设置了两条通长的旋转定位槽 3121 , 该旋转定位槽 3121 的半径等于或略大于旋转定位棱 3217的半径， 这样当整个观察窗透明件紧固结构分别处于 预紧固与紧固状态时， 旋转定位棱 3217可以有效地在旋转定位槽 3121 内定位与进行转动， 两滑移端 3213才会在第一压力条 311表面仅沿相互远离的方向位移。
第一压力条 311设置于弓形臂 321的第一力臂 3211的外侧； 紧固组件 32的弓形臂 321 的两滑移端 3213抵靠于第一压力条 311;弓形臂 321的两受压端 3214抵靠于第二压力条 312, 弓形臂 321的两紧固端 3215抵靠于透明件 2的两侧面。
第一压力条 311和第二压力条 312分别开设有复数个对应的螺栓孔；通过螺栓紧固第一 压力条 311与第二压力条 312; 第二压力条 312压迫弓形臂 321的两受压端 3214向第一压 力条 311方向位移， 弓形臂 321的两滑移端 3213发生相互远离的位移， 弓形臂 321的两紧 固端 3215受到透明件 2的限位， 从而驱使第一力臂 3211与第二力臂 3212生成预应力紧固 透明件 2。
其中第一压力条 311包括一底板 3111 , 底板 3111的两侧形成挡板 3112; 挡板 3112与 透明件 2之间填充树脂緩冲层。 当潜水器潜入较深水域时， 透明件 2由于外部水压而产生的 作用力由原透明件 2边缘承载变为大部分通过緩冲层传递至挡板 3112, 再由挡板 3112传递 给潜水器外壳 1共同承担， 如此便大大减小了透明件 2边缘所受的外力负荷， 同时也减小了 紧固组件 32所受到的来自透明件 2的作用力， 从而防止了透明件 2边缘的开裂， 延长了透 明件 2的使用寿命； 同时， 防止紧固组件 32的两紧固端 3215由于透明件 2的作用力而被相 互拉开的问题， 确实保证了紧固组件 32与透明件 2之间有效的紧固连接， 保证了潜水器内 部工作人员的生命安全。
本实施例中边框 3与一法兰 4形成配合潜水器外壳 1的安装结构，边框 3通过法兰 4箍 扣固定于外壳 1 , 安装结构也可釆用其他连接结构。
另外， 在第二力臂 3212、 透明件 2以及第二压力条 312之间的空隙内填充密封胶， 从 而实现更为稳定的紧固； 由于在第二力臂 3212上开设溢流槽， 溢流槽的釆用起到了紧固组 件 32夹合时多余未凝固密封胶溢出作用和防止了密封胶在凝固过程中的膨胀或收缩对紧固 组件 32产生的预应力的影响。 也可在边框 3与外壳 1之间设置密封件 5。
当装配透明件 2时， 将第二压力条 312置于紧固组件 32的围合空间 320内并将旋转定 位槽 3121与旋转定位棱 3217配合， 然后在围合空间 320内填充密封胶并将紧固组件 32的 第一力臂 3211设置于第一压力条 311上， 弓形臂 321的两紧固端 3215抵靠于透明件 2的两 侧面； 再将第一压力条 311设置于第一力臂 3211的外侧； 弓形臂 321的两滑移端 3213抵靠 于第一压力条 311 , 弓形臂 321的两受压端 3214抵靠于第二压力条 312的外侧表面， 通过 依次贯穿于第一压力条 311、 紧固组件 32和第二压力条 312的螺栓孔的螺栓进行预紧， 待 透明件 2的位置调整到位后，通过该螺栓紧固第一压力条 311和第二压力条 312至完成紧固， 然后在第一压力条 311的两挡板 3112与透明件 2之间填充树脂緩冲层。
下面配合图 17来进一步说明整个紧固过程的工作原理， 弓形臂 321的两受压端 3214在 第二压力条 312的压迫作用下向第一压力条 311方向位移， 两个弓形臂 321受压端 3214之 间的距离在紧固过程中是可控（不变） 的， 同时两滑移端 3213抵靠于第一压力条 311的内 侧表面发生相互远离的位移， 而两紧固端 3215沿发生相互靠近的位移直至抵靠于透明件 2 的侧面， 因此两紧固端 3215的压板 3216间的距离也是可控的， 其在透明件 2上的紧固位置 点也是可控的； 进一步压迫两受压端 3214向第一压力条 311方向位移， 进而驱使两滑移端 3213继续相互远离， 而两紧固端 3215此时抵靠于透明件 2的侧面并由此受到限位， 第一力 臂 3211及第二力臂 3212由此发生形变并生成预应力， 至此具有稳定预应力结构的透明件 2 与边框 3达到紧固状态， 透明件 2获得紧固。 同样的， 当预应力需要解除时， 只要将相应螺 栓松开， 弓形臂 321的形变会恢复到之前未紧固状态， 此时预应力自动消失， 整个观察窗透 明件紧固结构的部件都是无损耗的和可重复使用的， 不仅节约了成本， 同时也非常环保。
另外， 请参阅图 18, 本实施例中透明件 2的侧边也可凹陷形成安装槽 20, 第二压力条 312可釆用 T型件， 即第二压力条 312中部可形成凸条 3122; 凸条 3122嵌设于安装槽 20 内并通过结构胶结合于透明件 2。
由于第二压力条 312的凸条 3122通过结构胶结合于安装槽 20内增大了第二压力条 312 与透明件 2的连接面积， 从而加大了框体 3与透明件 2的整体连接强度， 同时凸条 3122为 穿设于第一压力条 311、 紧固组件 32和第二压力条 312之间的螺栓增加了螺孔长度， 使得 该螺栓拥有更长的螺距，增强了第一压力条 311与第二压力条 312之间螺接的强度及可靠性， 进一步保证了框体 3与透明件 2的稳定牢固连接。
另外， 本实施例也可运用于多种形状观察窗透明件的潜水器， 其中透明件 2为凸窗时的 透明件紧固结构请参阅图 19-20; 透明件 2为半球窗时的透明件紧固结构请参阅图 21-23 ,其 中第一压力条 311的底板 3111向外延伸形成连接部 3113 , 此时连接部 3113与一法兰 4配 合形成本实施例的安装结构， 其第二压力条 312釆用 T型件的结构如图 24所示； 另外透明 件 2为球窗时的透明件紧固结构请参阅图 25-26。 请参阅图 27 , 在本发明的第二较佳实施例中， 本发明的一种载人潜水器观察窗透明件 紧固结构的主要结构与第一实施例相同， 区别在于： 透明件 2的端部形成复数个紧固部 21 ; 每一紧固部 21对应有一紧固组件 32且每一紧固组件 32对应有一第二压力条 312; 每一紧 固组件 32的紧固端 3215抵靠于对应紧固部 21两侧。
本实施例也可运用于多种形状观察窗透明件的潜水器，其中透明件 2为平窗的另一透明 件紧固结构请参阅图 28; 透明件 2为凸窗时的透明件紧固结构请参阅图 29; 透明件 2为半 球窗时的透明件紧固结构请参阅图 30; 另外透明件 2为球窗时的透明件紧固结构请参阅图 31。
进一步参阅图 32所示， 当透明件 2边缘呈圆弧面时， 紧固组件 32的第二力臂 3212可 以分裂成多个夹爪， 以更贴合于透明件 2的圆弧面， 使紧固组件 32在不破坏透明件 2 自身 内应力的前提下， 更牢固与稳定地紧固透明件 2。
以上结合附图实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域普通技术人员可根据上述说明对 本发明做出种种变化例。 因而， 实施例中的某些细节不应构成对本发明的限定， 本发明将以 所附权利要求书界定的范围作为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种载人潜水器观察窗透明件的紧固结构， 包括潜水器外壳和安装于所述外壳的观 察窗透明件； 其特征在于， 所述透明件周边结合有一边框， 所述边框上形成有配合所述外壳 的紧固结构， 所述边框包括压迫组件和紧固组件， 所述压迫组件配合透明件压迫所述紧固组 件生成预应力进而紧固所述透明件。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所述紧固组 件包括两个对称夹持于所述透明件的弓形臂， 两弓形臂之间夹设形成一围合空间， 所述弓形 臂包括第一力臂与连接所述第一力臂的第二力臂，所述第一力臂与所述第二力臂的连接处形 成滑移端， 所述第一力臂于远离所述第二力臂的一侧形成受压端， 所述第二力臂于远离所述 第一力臂的一侧形成紧固端，所述第一力臂的受压端接受所述压迫组件的压迫并配合所述透 明件驱使所述第一力臂与第二力臂生成预应力。
3. 如权利要求 2 所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所述压迫组 件包括第一压力条和第二压力条； 所述第一压力条设置于所述弓形臂的第一力臂的外侧； 所 述紧固组件的弓形臂的两滑移端抵靠于所述第一压力条；所述弓形臂的两受压端抵靠于所述 第二压力条， 所述弓形臂的两紧固端; I氏靠于所述透明件的两侧面；
所述第一压力条和所述第二压力条分别开设有复数个对应的螺栓孔；通过螺栓紧固所述 第一压力条与所述第二压力条；所述第二压力条压迫所述弓形臂的两受压端向所述第一压力 条方向位移， 所述弓形臂的两滑移端发生相互远离的位移， 所述弓形臂的两紧固端受到所述 透明件的限位， 从而驱使所述第一力臂与所述第二力臂生成预应力紧固所述透明件。
4. 如权利要求 3 中所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所述第一 压力条包括一底板，所述底板的两侧形成挡板；所述挡板与所述透明件之间填充树脂緩冲层。
5. 如权利要求 4 中所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所述透明 件的端部形成复数个紧固部；每一所述紧固部对应有一所述紧固组件且每一紧固组件对应有 一所述第二压力条； 每一所述紧固组件的紧固端抵靠于对应紧固部两侧。
6. 如权利要求 3-5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所 述透明件的侧边凹陷形成安装槽， 所述第二压力条中部形成凸条； 所述凸条嵌设于所述安装 槽内。
7. 如权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所 述边框与所述潜水器外壳之间设有密封件。
8. 如权利要求 2-5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所 述第一力臂为一短直臂， 所述第二力臂为一弧形臂。
9. 如权利要求 2~5 中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所述紧固端上结合有压板，且所述压板与所述第二力臂的连接区域向内凹陷形成一压板位置 调节区。
10. 如权利要求 2~5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所述两紧固端与所述透明件之间可涂抹粘结胶、 夹设双面胶或塾设緩冲垫。
11. 如权利要求 2~5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所述第二力臂间隔形成复数个溢流槽； 所述围合空间内填充有密封胶。
12. 如权利要求 2~5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于： 所述弓形臂的滑移端呈圆弧面或斜面。
13 如权利要求 2~5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于， 所述第二力臂的厚度自所述滑移端至所述紧固端形成一由厚至薄的渐变。
14. 如权利要求 2~5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于： 所述紧固组件的弓形臂的受压端延伸形成有一旋转定位棱，所述第二压力条对应所述紧固组 件的所述旋转定位棱形成有旋转定位槽。
15. 如权利要求 2~5中任一项所述的载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构， 其特征在于： 所述弓形臂的受压端之间通过一弧形变形区连接。
16. 一种应用权利要求 1~5中任一项的紧固结构对载人潜水器观察窗透明件进行紧固的 方法。
PCT/CN2014/077244 2013-05-16 2014-05-12 载人潜水器观察窗透明件紧固结构及其紧固方法 WO2014183615A1 (zh)

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