WO2014175160A1 - ヘパリン結合上皮増殖因子様増殖因子に対する機能性モノクローナル抗体 - Google Patents
ヘパリン結合上皮増殖因子様増殖因子に対する機能性モノクローナル抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014175160A1 WO2014175160A1 PCT/JP2014/060920 JP2014060920W WO2014175160A1 WO 2014175160 A1 WO2014175160 A1 WO 2014175160A1 JP 2014060920 W JP2014060920 W JP 2014060920W WO 2014175160 A1 WO2014175160 A1 WO 2014175160A1
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- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/22—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against growth factors ; against growth regulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
- C07K2317/732—Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antibody against human HB-EGF protein, DNA encoding the antibody, the antibody or a hybridoma containing the DNA, and a composition for treating or preventing cancer containing the antibody as an active ingredient.
- Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor is a protein belonging to the epidermal growth factor family (EGF receptor / EGF / EGF receptor / EGF). It has been revealed that it binds to ErbB1 or ErbB4) and promotes cell proliferation, differentiation, chemical migration, and the like (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- HB-EGF has been shown to contribute to myogenesis, heart formation, and wound healing in vivo, so HB-EGF is considered to be an important factor in organogenesis. (Non-Patent Documents 4 to 6).
- Non-patent document 7 pancreatic cancer growth
- gastric cancer growth Non-patent document 8
- skin cancer Non-patent document 9
- head and neck cancer drug resistance Non-patent document 10.
- HB-EGF is involved in the growth and progression of cancer in various points such as angiogenesis in cancer tissue (Non-patent Document 11), and HB-EGF is also observed in various cancers. It has become clear that this is an important factor.
- HB-EGF is first synthesized as a type I membrane protein (membrane type HB-EGF), and then the extracellular region directly above the cell membrane penetrating portion is cleaved by a protease, followed by secretion of 14-22 kilodaltons. It has been revealed that it is released as type HB-EGF (Non-patent Documents 12 and 13).
- the secretory HB-EGF produced by this cleavage is a growth factor in an autocrine mode that activates EGFR / ErbB1 of HB-EGF-expressing cells itself or a paracrine mode that activates EGFR / ErbB1 of other cells. It is also known to function as.
- Non-patent Document 14 membrane-type HB-EGF itself functions as a growth factor by the Jack-Stuck line mode that activates EGFR / ErbB1 of other adjacent cells.
- membrane-type HB-EGF has a weaker cell growth activity than secretory HB-EGF (Non-patent Document 11). From these results, it is considered that the process of producing secreted HB-EGF by cleavage of protease is important for HB-EGF to function as a growth factor.
- Non-patent Documents 5 and 15 abnormalities in cardiac organ formation similar to those of knockout mice that do not express HB-EGF have been observed. Furthermore, it has also been shown that cardiac hypertrophy caused by secreted HB-EGF is suppressed by suppressing cleavage of HB-EGF by a protease inhibitor. It is considered that the above-mentioned important physiological functions in are secreted HB-EGF.
- Non-patent Document 17 the function of cleaved HB-EGF intracellular region (HB-EGF-CTF) to the nucleus to promote cell division is also known (Non-patent Document 17). Furthermore, it has been shown that suppression of HB-EGF cleavage by a protease inhibitor can inhibit the growth and invasion of gastric cancer (Non-patent Document 18). Therefore, it has been clarified that the HB-EGF cleavage process is an important factor in the growth of cancer cells.
- Non-patent Documents 19 and 20 anti-tumor effects
- proliferation of cancer cells can be inhibited by inhibiting the cleavage of HB-EGF and suppressing the generation of secreted HB-EGF by using an antibody.
- Non-patent Document 21 antibodies that bind to HB-EGF and exhibit activities such as antitumor activity and cleavage inhibitory activity have been developed.
- Non-Patent Document 21 has cleavage-inhibiting activity as described above, it is also disclosed in the same document that the antibody does not have neutralizing activity.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and inhibits cleavage in human HB-EGF by binding to human HB-EGF, and the human HB-EGF and EGF receptor. It aims at providing the antibody which inhibits a coupling
- the present inventors immunized mice with a partial peptide consisting of the extracellular region of HB-EGF protein, and obtained a monoclonal antibody against human HB-EGF protein. Then, among the obtained anti-human HB-EGF monoclonal antibodies, three antibodies (35-1 antibody, 292 antibody and 1-1 antibody) showing strong reactivity against HB-EGF expressed on the cell surface are obtained. Selected.
- the 35-1 antibody and the 292 antibody were found to have 115th phenylalanine, 117th isoleucine, 140th glycine, 141st glutamic acid and 142nd antibody in human HB-EGF protein. It became clear that he recognized arginine.
- antibody 1-1 recognizes 115th phenylalanine, 140th glycine, 141st glutamic acid, and 142nd arginine, but it does not recognize 117th isoleucine unlike said 2 antibodies. It was.
- the 35-1 antibody and the 292 antibody can inhibit cleavage in human HB-EGF. Furthermore, the present inventors have also found that any antibody can suppress phosphorylation of EGFR caused by binding of human HB-EGF and EGF receptor (EGFR), that is, has neutralizing activity. On the other hand, although the antibody 1-1 had cleavage inhibitory activity, it did not have neutralizing activity. Therefore, the 35-1 antibody and the 292 antibody have cleavage inhibitory activity and neutralizing activity by recognizing including the 117th isoleucine of the human HB-EGF protein, and the 1-1 antibody has the 117th isoleucine. The anti-HB-EGF antibody binds to the 117th isoleucine of human HB-EGF protein in order to exhibit strong neutralizing activity. It became clear that is necessary.
- the present inventors determined heavy chain and light chain variable regions and CDR sequences for the 35-1 antibody and the 292 antibody having such cleavage inhibitory activity and neutralizing activity. Furthermore, based on the determined sequence, as for the antibody 35-1, a chimeric antibody in which the constant region is substituted with one derived from human IgG, and a humanized antibody in which the framework region of the variable region is substituted with those of the human antibody was made. It was also clarified that administration of the obtained chimeric antibody to a mouse transplanted with cancer cells suppresses the proliferation of the cancer cells in the mouse body. Furthermore, it has been found that the antibody exhibits antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC activity) against cancer cells, and the present invention has been completed.
- ADCC activity antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
- the present invention provides the following ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10>.
- ⁇ 1> An antibody that binds to the 117th isoleucine in the human HB-EGF protein represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- ⁇ 2> The antibody according to ⁇ 1>, further binding to the 115th phenylalanine, the 140th glycine, the 141st glutamic acid, and the 142nd arginine in the human HB-EGF protein represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Amino acid retains substitutions, deletions, and heavy chain variable region comprising an addition and / or inserted and has the amino acid sequence.
- ⁇ 5> An antibody that binds to human HB-EGF, A light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, added and / or inserted in the amino acid sequence; An antibody which retains an amino acid sequence or a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, added and / or inserted in the amino acid sequence.
- ⁇ 7> A hybridoma that produces the antibody according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5> or includes the DNA according to ⁇ 6>.
- ⁇ 8> A composition for treating or preventing cancer, comprising the antibody according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5> as an active ingredient.
- ⁇ 9> A method of using the composition according to ⁇ 8> as a medicine.
- ⁇ 10> A method for treating a cancer patient by administering the composition according to ⁇ 8>.
- the amino acid sequences described in SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 4 are the amino acid sequences of CDR1 to CDR3 of the light chain variable region of the 35-1 antibody, respectively.
- the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 5 is the 35-1 antibody.
- the amino acid sequences of the light chain variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 8 are the amino acid sequences of CDRs 1 to 3 of the heavy chain variable region of the 35-1 antibody, respectively, and are described in SEQ ID NO: 9. This amino acid sequence is the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region of the 35-1 antibody.
- the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 18 is the amino acid sequence of the light chain variable region of the 35-1 humanized antibody
- the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 19 is the heavy chain of the 35-1 humanized antibody.
- the amino acid sequences described in SEQ ID NOs: 10-12 are the amino acid sequences of CDR1-3 of the light chain variable region of the 292 antibody, respectively, and the amino acid sequences described in SEQ ID NO: 13 are those of the light chain variable region of the 292 antibody.
- the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 16 are the amino acid sequences of CDR1 to CDR3 of the heavy chain variable region of the 292 antibody.
- the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 is the amino acid sequence of the 292 antibody. Amino acid sequence of heavy chain variable region.
- the present invention it is possible to provide an antibody that inhibits cleavage in the human HB-EGF and binds to the human HB-EGF and the EGF receptor by binding to the human HB-EGF. It becomes.
- the obtained antibody against human HB-EGF protein (35-1 antibody and 292 antibody), cell line expressing human HB-EGF protein on the cell surface (HB-EGF / st293T), or expressing the protein on the cell surface
- HB-EGF / st293T cell line expressing human HB-EGF protein on the cell surface
- HB-EGF / st293T cell line expressing human HB-EGF protein on the cell surface
- expressing the protein on the cell surface It is a histogram which shows the result of having analyzed the reactivity with a cell line (293T) which does not exist by flow cytometry.
- the white histogram shows the reactivity of each antibody with 293T (negative control)
- the black histogram shows the reactivity of each antibody with HB-EGF / st293T.
- the vertical axis represents the number of cells
- the horizontal axis represents the reactivity (average fluorescence intensity) between the antibody and
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of analyzing the reactivity of antibodies against human HB-EGF protein (35-1 antibody, 292 antibody and 1-1 antibody) and amino acid variants of each human HB-EGF protein by flow cytometry. .
- the vertical axis represents the binding strength (relative value) of each antibody to each amino acid variant.
- 2 is a graph showing the results of analyzing the inhibitory activity against cleavage of human HB-EGF protein produced by PMA by flow cytometry for the antibodies of the present invention (35-1 antibody and 292 antibody).
- the vertical axis represents the amount of human HB-EGF protein (average fluorescence intensity) remaining on the surface of cells (HA-HB-EGF / stCHO-K1) after addition of PMA.
- the horizontal axis indicates the concentration of each antibody added to the cells.
- 2 is a photograph showing the results of analyzing the inhibitory activity against cleavage of human HB-EGF protein produced by PMA by Western blotting of the antibody of the present invention (35-1 antibody).
- HB-EGF-CTF in the figure is a partial protein (HB-EGF C-terminal fragment) remaining on the cell membrane side after the human HB-EGF protein (full length HB-EGF) is cleaved. This is shown (the same applies to FIG. 5).
- 2 is a photograph showing the results of Western blot analysis of the inhibitory activity against cleavage of human HB-EGF protein caused by PMA for the antibodies of the present invention (35-1 antibody and 292 antibody).
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the results of analyzing the inhibitory activity against EGFR phosphorylation induced by human HB-EGF protein by Western blotting for the antibody of the present invention (35-1 antibody).
- EGFR indicates the amount of EGFR protein in each cell
- p-EGFR indicates the amount of phosphorylated EGFR protein in each cell (the notation in the figure is the same in FIGS. 7 and 8). is there).
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the results of analyzing the inhibitory activity against phosphorylation of EGFR induced by human HB-EGF protein by Western blotting for the antibodies of the present invention (35-1 antibody and 292 antibody).
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the results of analyzing the inhibitory activity against phosphorylation of EGFR induced by human HB-EGF protein by Western blotting on an antibody against human HB-EGF protein (1-1 antibody).
- 2 is a graph showing changes in tumor volume over time in xenografted mice administered with chimerized 35-1 antibody.
- 35-1 (high concentration) indicates the result of administering an antibody solution diluted with PBS to 750 ug / ml
- 35-1 (low concentration) indicates an antibody solution diluted with PBS to 150 ug / ml.
- PBS indicates the result of administration of PBS alone (negative control).
- the present inventors have two kinds of human HB-EGF proteins that bind to 115th phenylalanine, 117th isoleucine, 140th glycine, 141st glutamic acid, and 142th arginine.
- Antibodies 35-1 antibody and 292 antibody
- these antibodies have a strong inhibitory activity (cleavage inhibitory activity) against the cleavage of human HB-EGF protein and a strong inhibitory activity (neutralizing activity) against phosphorylation of the EGFR produced by the binding of human HB-EGF and EGFR. ).
- the present invention provides an antibody that binds to the 117th isoleucine in human HB-EGF protein.
- Such an antibody may be an antibody that binds to other amino acids in the human HB-EGF protein in addition to the 117th isoleucine.
- the 115th phenylalanine and the 117th isoleucine in the human HB-EGF protein are used.
- 140th glycine, 141st glutamic acid and 142th arginine are used.
- Antibody in the present invention includes all classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins. “Antibody” includes polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies, and also includes forms of functional fragments of antibodies. “Polyclonal antibodies” are antibody preparations comprising different antibodies directed against different epitopes. “Monoclonal antibody” means an antibody (including antibody fragments) obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and recognizes a single determinant on an antigen. The antibody of the present invention is preferably a monoclonal antibody. The antibodies of the present invention are also antibodies that have been separated and / or recovered (ie, isolated) from components of the natural environment.
- HB-EGF is a protein also referred to as heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, DTR (diphtheria toxin receptor), DTS, DTSF, HEGFL, and the like.
- the human HB-EGF protein is typically a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (a protein specified by RefSeq ID: NP_001936, a protein encoded by a base sequence specified by RefSeq ID: NM_001945). It is.
- the human HB-EGF protein according to the present invention comprises an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted or added in the protein comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. Is also included.
- the substitution, deletion, insertion or addition of the amino acid sequence is generally within 10 amino acids (for example, within 5 amino acids, within 3 amino acids, 1 amino acid).
- the antibody is an antibody that binds to the 117th isoleucine or the like in human HB-EGF protein (whether it is an antibody that recognizes the 117th isoleucine or the like in human HB-EGF protein). If it is a trader, it can evaluate using an immunological analysis method (Flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blot, immunoprecipitation etc.) as shown in Example 3 mentioned later.
- an immunological analysis method Flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blot, immunoprecipitation etc.
- the epitope in the present invention may be a polypeptide composed of a plurality of amino acids that are continuous in the primary sequence of amino acids (linear epitope), and amino acids that are not adjacent in the primary sequence of amino acids are peptides or proteins. It may be a polypeptide (discontinuous epitope, structural epitope) formed by coming close by a three-dimensional structure such as folding. Such epitopes typically consist of at least one, and most usually at least five (eg, 8-10, 6-20) amino acids.
- “Cleavage of human HB-EGF protein” suppressed by the antibody of the present invention means cleavage of the human HB-EGF protein in the Jackson membrane domain by a protease such as ADAM12 activated by PMA or the like.
- the jacksta membrane domain is typically a region consisting of amino acids 145 to 161 from the N-terminus described in RefSeq ID: NP_001936.
- disconnection can be evaluated by the method shown in Example 4 mentioned later, for example.
- human HB-EGF is not only the full length of the human HB-EGF protein (membrane type HB-EGF), It means to include a partial protein (secreted HB-EGF) released to the outside of the cell by the cleavage.
- the secretory HB-EGF includes a protein consisting of the first to 149th amino acid sequence from the N-terminus described in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the HB-EGF-CTF is described in SEQ ID NO: 1. Examples thereof include proteins consisting of the 150th to 208th amino acid sequences from the N-terminus.
- the “EGF receptor” according to the present invention is EGFR (ErbB1) or ErbB4.
- binding of human HB-EGF and EGF receptor suppressed by the antibody of the present invention includes not only binding of the human HB-EGF and the EGF receptor, but also EGFR or ErbB4 associated with the binding. Changes in the structure, homo- or heterodimerization of EGFR or ErbB4 induced by the change in structure, phosphorylation of EGFR or ErbB4 accompanying the dimerization, activity of the MAPK pathway induced by the phosphorylation And activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway caused by the phosphorylation.
- the target of suppression by the antibody of the present invention is preferably EGFR phosphorylation, and more preferably EGFR phosphorylation in cancer cells. Moreover, the activity which suppresses this phosphorylation can be evaluated by the method shown in Example 5 mentioned later, for example.
- the antibody of the present invention comprises: It preferably has cell growth-inhibiting activity (cell growth-inhibiting activity) or antibody-dependent cytotoxicity activity (ADCC activity), and has cleavage-inhibiting activity, neutralizing activity, cell growth-inhibiting activity, and ADCC activity. More preferably.
- “Suppression of cell proliferation” in the present invention means not only suppression of cell proliferation itself (cell division) but also suppression of cell proliferation by induction of cell death (apoptosis and the like).
- the object of suppression by the antibody of the present invention is preferably cancer cell growth, more preferably in vivo cancer cell growth (tumor growth).
- the activity of suppressing tumor growth in vivo can be evaluated, for example, by the method shown in Example 6 described later.
- the tumor volume at the start of antibody administration when the tumor volume at the start of antibody administration is 100%, the tumor volume after 30 days from the start of antibody administration is 230% or less (for example, 220 % Or less, 210% or less, 200% or less, 190% or less, 180% or less, 170% or less).
- cancer cells are preferred as targets for cytotoxicity caused by the antibody of the present invention.
- the ADCC activity against such cancer cells can be evaluated by, for example, the method shown in Example 7 described later.
- a preferred embodiment of the antibody of the present invention is an antibody having ADCC activity of 10% or more (eg, 20% or more, 30% or more) when the concentration added to the target cell is 1 ⁇ g / ml in the method. .
- Non-Patent Documents 7-11 and 17-21 As the types of cancers that are targets of growth inhibition by the antibodies of the present invention and / or cell damage targets, the relationship between HB-EGF and various types of cancers is, for example, as shown in Non-Patent Documents 7-11 and 17-21. There are no restrictions as it has become clear.
- Another preferred embodiment of the antibody of the present invention is an antibody that binds to human HB-EGF and has the characteristics described in (a) or (b) below.
- (A) one or more amino acids are substituted in at least one of the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 4 (the amino acid sequences of CDR1 to CDR3 in the light chain variable region of the 35-1 antibody described later)
- a light chain variable region comprising a deleted, added and / or inserted amino acid sequence, and an amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 8 (the CDRs 1 to 3 in the heavy chain variable region of the 35-1 antibody described below)
- An amino acid sequence) or a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, added and / or inserted in at least one of the amino acid sequences
- SEQ ID NO: 10 12 to 12 amino acid sequence of CDR1 to CDR3 in the light chain variable region of 292 antibody described later
- a more preferred embodiment of the antibody of the present invention includes an antibody that binds to human HB-EGF and has the characteristics described in (a) or (b) below.
- a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence and the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 (amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region of the 35-1 antibody described below) or one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence,
- the antibodies of the present invention include mouse antibodies, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies (humanized antibodies), human antibodies, and functional fragments of these antibodies.
- a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, or a human antibody is desirable from the viewpoint of reducing side effects.
- Preferred embodiments of the humanized antibody of the present invention include human HB- An antibody that binds to EGF, the light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, added, and / or inserted in the amino acid sequence
- An antibody having a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19 or an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, added, and / or inserted in the amino acid sequence Can be mentioned.
- a “chimeric antibody” is an antibody in which a variable region of a certain antibody is linked to a constant region of a heterogeneous antibody.
- a chimeric antibody for example, immunizes a mouse with an antigen, cuts out an antibody variable region (variable region) that binds to the antigen from the mouse monoclonal antibody gene, and binds to a human bone marrow-derived antibody constant region (constant region) gene. This can be obtained by incorporating it into an expression vector and introducing it into a host for production (for example, JP-A-8-280387, US Pat. No. 4,816,397, US Pat. No. 4,816,567, US Pat. 5807715).
- the “humanized antibody” is an antibody obtained by transplanting (CDR grafting) the gene sequence of the antigen-binding site (CDR) of a non-human-derived antibody to a human antibody gene.
- CDR antigen-binding site
- a “human antibody” is an antibody derived from all regions.
- the “functional fragment” of an antibody means a part (partial fragment) of an antibody that binds to an antigen.
- the “functional fragment” of the antibody according to the present invention include, for example, Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) 2, variable region fragment (Fv), disulfide bond Fv, single chain Fv (scFv), sc (Fv) 2, diabodies, multispecific antibodies, and polymers thereof.
- Fab means a monovalent antigen-binding fragment of an immunoglobulin composed of one light chain and part of a heavy chain. It can be obtained by papain digestion of antibodies and by recombinant methods. “Fab ′” differs from Fab by the addition of a few residues at the carboxy terminus of the heavy chain CH1 domain, including one or more cysteines in the hinge region of the antibody. “F (ab ') 2” means a divalent antigen-binding fragment of an immunoglobulin that consists of both light chains and parts of both heavy chains.
- “Variable region fragment (Fv)” is the smallest antibody fragment with complete antigen recognition and binding sites. Fv is a dimer in which a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region are strongly linked by a non-covalent bond. “Single-chain Fv (scFv)” comprises the heavy and light chain variable regions of an antibody, and these regions are present in a single polypeptide chain. “Sc (Fv) 2” is a chain formed by joining two heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions with a linker or the like.
- a “diabody” is a small antibody fragment having two antigen-binding sites, the fragment comprising a heavy chain variable region bound to a light chain variable region in the same polypeptide chain, each region comprising a separate It forms a pair with the complementary region of the strand.
- a “multispecific antibody” is a monoclonal antibody that has binding specificities for at least two different antigens. For example, it can be prepared by co-expression of two immunoglobulin heavy / light chain pairs where the two heavy chains have different specificities.
- the antibodies of the present invention include antibodies whose amino acid sequence has been modified without reducing the desired activity (antigen binding activity, cleavage inhibition activity, neutralization activity, other biological properties).
- Amino acid sequence variants of the antibodies of the invention can be made by introducing mutations into the DNA encoding the antibody chains of the invention or by peptide synthesis. Such modifications include, for example, residue substitutions, deletions, additions and / or insertions within the amino acid sequences of the antibodies of the invention.
- the site where the amino acid sequence of the antibody is modified may be the constant region of the heavy chain or light chain of the antibody as long as it has an activity equivalent to that of the antibody before modification, and the variable region (framework region and CDR).
- Modification of amino acids other than CDR is considered to have a relatively small effect on the binding affinity with the antigen, but at present, the amino acid of the CDR is modified to screen for an antibody having an increased affinity for the antigen.
- Methods are known (PNAS, 102: 8466-8471 (2005), Protein Engineering, Design & Selection, 21: 485-493 (2008), International Publication No. 2002/051870, J. Biol. Chem., 280: 24880- 24887 (2005), Protein Engineering, Design & Selection, 21: 345-351 (2008)).
- the number of amino acids to be modified is preferably within 10 amino acids, more preferably within 5 amino acids, and most preferably within 3 amino acids (for example, within 2 amino acids, 1 amino acid).
- the amino acid modification is preferably a conservative substitution.
- conservative substitution means substitution with another amino acid residue having a chemically similar side chain. Groups of amino acid residues having chemically similar amino acid side chains are well known in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.
- acidic amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid), basic amino acids (lysine, arginine, histidine), neutral amino acids, amino acids having a hydrocarbon chain (glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline), hydroxy group Amino acids with amino acids (serine / threonine), amino acids with sulfur (cysteine / methionine), amino acids with amide groups (asparagine / glutamine), amino acids with imino groups (proline), amino acids with aromatic groups (phenylalanine / tyrosine / (Tryptophan).
- “having equivalent activity” means that the binding activity to the antigen, the cleavage activity or the neutralization activity is the target antibody (typically, the 35-1 antibody or the 292 antibody shown in Examples described later). It means equivalent (for example, 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more).
- the antigen binding activity can be determined, for example, by analyzing the reactivity with the antigen by ELISA, or by producing cells that express the antigen, and the reactivity with the antibody sample using a flow cytometer, as shown in the Examples below. It can be evaluated by analyzing.
- the cleavage activity can be determined by, for example, the method shown in Examples below, using the residual rate of membrane-type HB-EGF on the cell surface subjected to PMA stimulation as an index, or HB-EGF- on the cell surface subjected to PMA stimulation.
- the incidence of CTF can be evaluated as an index.
- the neutralizing activity can be evaluated using the degree of phosphorylation of EGFR protein in cancer cells stimulated with HB-EGF protein as an index.
- the modification of the antibody of the present invention may be modification of a post-translational process of the antibody such as changing the number or position of glycosylation sites.
- the ADCC activity of the antibody can be improved.
- Antibody glycosylation is typically N-linked or O-linked.
- Antibody glycosylation is highly dependent on the host cell used to express the antibody.
- the glycosylation pattern can be modified by a known method such as introduction or deletion of a specific enzyme involved in sugar production (JP 2008-113663 A, US Pat. No. 5,047,335, US Pat. No. 5,510,261, U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,299, WO 99/54342).
- deamidation is suppressed by substituting an amino acid adjacent to the amino acid deamidated or deamidated with another amino acid for the purpose of increasing the stability of the antibody. May be.
- glutamic acid can be substituted with other amino acids to increase antibody stability.
- the present invention also provides the antibody thus stabilized.
- the antibody of the present invention is a polyclonal antibody
- an animal is immunized with an antigen (human HB-EGF protein, a partial peptide thereof (eg, an EGF domain of human HB-EGF protein), or a cell expressing these)
- the antiserum can be purified and obtained by conventional means (eg, salting out, centrifugation, dialysis, column chromatography, etc.).
- Monoclonal antibodies can be prepared by a hybridoma method or a recombinant DNA method.
- a typical example of the hybridoma method is the method of Kohler and Milstein (Kohler & Milstein, Nature, 256: 495 (1975)).
- the antibody-producing cells used in the cell fusion step in this method are spleen cells, lymph node cells, peripheral cells of animals immunized with the antigen (eg, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, monkeys, goats, chickens, camels). Such as blood leukocytes. It is also possible to use antibody-producing cells obtained by allowing an antigen to act in the medium on the above-mentioned cells or lymphocytes previously isolated from non-immunized animals. As the myeloma cells, various known cell lines can be used.
- the antibody-producing cells and myeloma cells may be of different animal species as long as they can be fused, but are preferably of the same animal species.
- the hybridoma is produced, for example, by cell fusion between a spleen cell obtained from a mouse immunized with an antigen and a mouse myeloma cell, and then binds to the 117th isoleucine in the human HB-EGF protein by screening.
- a hybridoma producing the antibody to be obtained can be obtained.
- a monoclonal antibody that binds to the 117th isoleucine or the like in human HB-EGF protein can be obtained by culturing the hybridoma or from the ascites of the mammal to which the hybridoma has been administered.
- DNA encoding the antibody of the present invention is cloned from a hybridoma or B cell, and incorporated into an appropriate vector, which is then introduced into a host cell (eg, mammalian cell line, E. coli, yeast cell, insect cell, plant). Cell) and the like, and the antibody of the present invention is produced as a recombinant antibody (for example, PJ Delves, Antibody Production: Essential Technologies, 1997 WILEY, P. Shepherd and C. Dean Monoclonal 2000). OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, Vandame AM et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 192: 767-775 (1990)).
- the DNA encoding the heavy chain or the light chain may be separately incorporated into an expression vector to transform the host cell.
- a host cell may be transformed by incorporating it into a single expression vector (see International Publication No. 94/11523).
- the antibody of the present invention can be obtained in a substantially pure and uniform form by culturing the above host cell, separating and purifying it from the host cell or culture medium. For the separation and purification of the antibody, the methods used in the usual purification of polypeptides can be used.
- transgenic animal bovine, goat, sheep, pig, etc.
- a transgenic animal production technology a large amount of monoclonal antibody derived from the antibody gene is produced from the milk of the transgenic animal. It is also possible to obtain.
- the present invention can also provide a DNA encoding the antibody of the present invention and a hybridoma that produces the antibody of the present invention or contains a DNA encoding the antibody of the present invention.
- a compound or molecule such as a drug or a prodrug may be bound.
- the compound or molecule can be delivered to a site where human HB-EGF protein is expressed (eg, cancer cell).
- a site where human HB-EGF protein is expressed eg, cancer cell.
- Such a substance having antitumor properties is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include anticancer agents (irinotecan (CPT-11), irinotecan metabolite SN-38 (10-hydroxy-7-ethylcamptothecin), adriamycin, taxol, Alkylating agents such as 5-fluorouracil, nimustine and laministin, antimetabolites such as gemcitabine and hydroxycarbamide, plant alkaloids such as etoposide and vincristine, anticancer antibiotics such as mitomycin and bleomycin, platinum preparations such as cisplatin, sorafenib, Examples include molecular targeting agents such as erlotinib, methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulfan, etc. In addition, radioisotopes are also included. It can be suitably used as
- the antibody can be bound to the compound or molecule by a method known in the art, and either direct binding or indirect binding may be used.
- a covalent bond can be used as a direct bond.
- a bond via a linker can be used.
- linkage via a linker one of ordinary skill in the art see, for example, Hermanson, G. et al. T.A. Bioconjugate Technologies, Academic Press, 1996; Harris, J. et al. M.M. And Zalipsky, S. Ed., Poly (ethylene glycol), Chemistry and Biological Applications, ACS Symposium Series, 1997; Veronese, F .; And Harris, J.M. M.M. Hen, Peptide and protein PEGylation.
- the number of the compounds or molecules that bind to one antibody molecule of the present invention is not particularly limited in theory, but is usually 1 to 4 from the viewpoint of the stability and ease of production of a complex comprising an antibody and a compound.
- the number is 10, preferably 1 to 8.
- the present invention includes a composition for treating or preventing cancer comprising the antibody of the present invention as an active ingredient, and a step of administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of the antibody of the present invention to a human.
- the present invention also provides a method for treating or preventing cancer (eg, a method for treating a cancer patient by administering the composition).
- this invention provides the method of using the said composition as a pharmaceutical.
- the cancer targeted by the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited as described above, and various types of cancer can be targeted.
- composition for treating or preventing cancer comprising the antibody of the present invention as an active ingredient is used in a form containing the antibody of the present invention and an optional component such as physiological saline, sucrose aqueous solution or phosphate buffer. can do.
- the composition for treating or preventing cancer of the present invention may be shaped in a liquid or lyophilized form as needed, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle, for example, a stabilizer. , Preservatives, tonicity agents and the like can also be included.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier examples include mannitol, lactose, saccharose, human albumin and the like in the case of a lyophilized preparation.
- physiological saline, water for injection, phosphoric acid, etc. examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a salt buffer and aluminum hydroxide.
- the method of administering the composition for treating or preventing cancer of the present invention varies depending on the age, weight, sex, health status, etc. of the subject of administration, but oral administration, parenteral administration (for example, intravenous administration, arterial administration, local administration) Administration).
- the dosage of the composition may vary depending on the patient's age, weight, sex, health status, degree of cancer progression, and components of the composition to be administered.
- the amount per day per kg is 0.01 to 1000 mg, preferably 1 to 100 mg.
- the method for administering the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited as described above, and it can be administered by any of the administration routes of oral administration and parenteral administration. it can.
- One skilled in the art can achieve this by selecting the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or medium and taking the form of a suitable composition.
- the therapeutically or prophylactically “effective amount” of the antibody of the present invention to be administered to humans is, for those skilled in the art, the patient's age, weight, sex, health status, degree of progression of cancer, administration The route can be determined in consideration of the route.
- human used as the administration object of the antibody of this invention,
- the human who has cancer is mentioned.
- it may be a human after the cancer has been removed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery or the like.
- the method for treating or preventing cancer of the present invention may include a step of evaluating the effectiveness of the antibody of the present invention in addition to the step of administering the antibody of the present invention. That is, Administering to a human a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an antibody of the invention; Evaluating the effectiveness of the antibody of the present invention in the human after the administration,
- the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing cancer.
- the “evaluation of efficacy” of the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, if the tumor size after administration, cancer metastasis ability, or expression of various cancer markers is reduced compared to before administration, It can be determined that the antibody of the present invention is effective in treatment and the like.
- an index abnormalities associated with cancer such as weight loss, abdominal pain, back pain, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, general malaise, weakness, and jaundice. Can do.
- the antibody of the present invention is also effective in the treatment of cancer and the like by examining the degree of signal transduction involving HB-EGF in the tumor tissue. Can be determined. For example, if it is detected that EGFR phosphorylation, which is normally enhanced in tumor tissue, is inhibited by administration of the antibody of the present invention, it is determined that the antibody of the present invention is effective in the treatment of cancer, etc. Can do.
- the antibody of the present invention can be applied not only to cancer treatment and prevention but also to cancer testing.
- the EGF domain in which the epitope of the antibody of the present invention exists is an extracellular region of HB-EGF protein, it can express HB-EGF protein conveniently and efficiently in cell immunostaining or flow cytometry. Cancer cells can be detected.
- the present invention also provides a cancer test drug and kit comprising the antibody of the present invention as an active ingredient.
- the antibody of the present invention When the antibody of the present invention is used for cancer testing or used for detection of a tumor site in cancer treatment, the antibody of the present invention may be labeled.
- the label for example, a radioactive substance, a fluorescent dye, a chemiluminescent substance, an enzyme, and a coenzyme can be used.
- the antibody titer of the purified antibody is measured, and after appropriately diluting with PBS or the like, 0.1% sodium azide or the like can be added as a preservative.
- the antibody titer of a substance obtained by adsorbing the antibody of the present invention on latex or the like can be obtained, diluted appropriately, and added with a preservative.
- kits for detecting cancer containing the test agent of the present invention as a constituent component is also included in the present invention.
- various reagents for example, various reagents (secondary antibody, color reagent, etc.) for performing an antigen-antibody reaction (ELISA method, immunohistochemical staining method, flow cytometry, etc.) Staining reagents, buffers, controls, etc.), reaction vessels, operating instruments, and / or instructions.
- HB-EGF is derived from a human having the amino acid sequence (amino acids 1 to 208) represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (NCBI reference sequence: NP — 001936). 2 shows the membrane type HB-EGF protein.
- HB-EGF a partial protein in which HB-EGF is cleaved (shedded) by a protease and released to the outside of the cell
- secreted HB-EGF the partial protein remaining on the cell membrane side after the cleavage
- HB-CTF HB-EGF C-terminal fragment
- EGF domain is a region consisting of the 107th to 144th amino acids from the N-terminal
- the Jacksta membrane domain (shedding region) is a region consisting of the 145th to 161st amino acids from the N-terminal.
- the extracellular region is a region consisting of amino acids 1 to 161 from the N terminus
- transmembrane (transmembrane domain) is a region consisting of amino acids 162 to 183 from the N terminus.
- Example 1 An antibody against human HB-EGF protein was prepared by the method shown below.
- HB-EGF protein protein consisting of amino acid sequences 1 to 208 described in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the encoding DNA was amplified by the PCR method.
- the obtained PCR product was cloned into T7Blue T-vector (Novagen, catalog number: 69820), and the nucleotide sequence was confirmed.
- the vector thus obtained was named hHB-EGF-pT7.
- Animal cells that stably express the full length of human HB-EGF protein were prepared as follows. That is, first, using hHB-EGF-pT7 as a template, the end of the DNA amplified by the PCR method was cleaved with NotI and BamHI and inserted into the NotI-BamHI site of an animal cell expression vector.
- pQCxmhIPG which is controlled by a CMV promoter and simultaneously expresses a target gene and a Puromycin-EGFP fusion protein by an IRES sequence, was used.
- pQCxmhIPG is a vector obtained by modifying the pQCXIP retroviral vector of “BD Retro-X Q Vectors” (Clontech, catalog number: 631516) by the present inventors.
- the prepared vector was named HB-EGF-pQCxmhIPG.
- HA-HB-EGF in which an HA tag is added between the 24th and 25th amino acids from the N-terminus by overlap extension PCR is used.
- HA-HB-EGF was also inserted into pQCxmhIPG as described above.
- the prepared vector was named HA-HB-EGF-pQCxmhIPG.
- the prepared vector was introduced into 293T cells or CHO-K1 cells as follows using a pantropic retrovirus expression system (Clontech, catalog number: K1063-1).
- GP2-293 (manufactured by Clontech, catalog number: K1063-1) was prepared in a 100-mm dish coated with collagen, and Lipofectamine 2000 (manufactured by Invitrogen, catalog number: 11668). -12) using the above-described expression vector (HB-EGF-pQCxmhIPG or HA-HB-EGF-pQCxmhIPG) and pVSV-G (manufactured by Clontech, catalog number: K1063-1). Co-introduced one by one. After 48 hours, the supernatant containing the virus particles was collected, and the virus particles were precipitated by ultracentrifugation (18,000 rpm, 1.5 hours, 4 ° C.).
- cells were prepared in a 96-well microplate so as to be about 40% confluent, and the medium of these cells was replaced with the virus particle-containing medium. These cells are cultured in a selective medium containing Puromycin (SIGMA, catalog number: P-8833), so that cells expressing the target gene (HB-EGF / st293T, HA-HB-EGF) / St293T, HB-EGF / stCHO-K1, and HA-HB-EGF / stCHO-K1).
- SIGMA Puromycin
- a medium containing 5 ug / mL Puromycin was used for 293T cell culture, and a selective medium containing 10 ug / mL Puromycin was used for CHO-K1 cell culture.
- HB-EGF protein consisting of the first to 149th amino acid sequence from the N-terminus described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or HB-EGF extracellular region (first to 161 from the N-terminus described in SEQ ID NO: 1)
- HB-EGF extracellular region
- HHB-EGF-pT7 Using HHB-EGF-pT7 as a template, the end of HB-EGF partial length DNA amplified by PCR was cleaved with NotI and BamHI, and inserted into the NotI-BamHI site of animal cell secretion expression vector pQCxmhIPG.
- a vector in which DNA encoding secretory HB-EGF (HB-EGFv5) is inserted is named HB-EGFv5-pQCxmhIPG, and a vector in which DNA encoding HB-EGF extracellular region (HB-EGFv4) is inserted is HB-EGFv4.
- HB-EGFv5-pQCxmhIPG A vector in which DNA encoding secretory HB-EGF (HB-EGFv5) is inserted is named HB-EGFv5-pQCxmhIPG, and a vector in which DNA encoding HB-EGF extracellular region (HB-EGFv4) is
- the prepared vector is introduced into 293T cells using a pantropic retrovirus expression system, and cultured in a selective medium containing 5 ug / mL Puromycin, thereby stably expressing the target gene.
- Strains (HB-EGFv5 / st293T and HB-EGFv4 / st293T) were established.
- HB-EGF partial length purified protein (animal cell-derived recombinant protein)
- the expression cell lines established above (HB-EGFv5 / st293T and HB-EGFv4 / st293T) were each cultured in 1 L of a medium for 293 (product name: CD293, manufactured by Invitrogen). The culture supernatant was collected, and the recombinant protein was purified therefrom using a TALON purification kit (Clontech, catalog number: K1253-1). The purified proteins (HB-EGFv5 and HB-EGFv4) were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Furthermore, the protein concentration was determined using Protein Assay Kit II (manufactured by BioRad, catalog number: 500-0002JA).
- HB-EGFv4 is diluted with PBS, mixed with the same amount of complete adjuvant (manufactured by SIGMA, catalog number: F5881) to form an emulsion, and 1 in 4 to 5 week-old C3H mice (manufactured by Japan SLC). The mice were immunized 6 times every 5 to 20 ug and every 3 to 7 days. Three days after the final immunization, lymphocyte cells were removed from the mouse and fused with mouse myeloma cell P3U1 (P3-X63Ag8U1) by the following method.
- Cell fusion was performed based on the following general method.
- the FBS in all the media used was inactivated by a treatment kept at 56 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- P3U1 was prepared by culturing in RPMI 1640-10% FBS (containing Penicillin-Streptomycin).
- the extracted mouse lymphocyte cells and P3U1 were mixed at a ratio of 10: 1 to 2: 1 and centrifuged.
- the precipitated cells were gently mixed while gradually adding 50% polyethylene glycol 4000 (manufactured by Merck, catalog number: 1.09727.0100), and then centrifuged.
- the precipitated fused cells are appropriately diluted with a HAT medium (RPMI1640, HAT-supplement (Invitrogen, catalog number: 11067-030), Penicillin-Streptomycin) containing 15% FBS, and 200 ⁇ L / well in a 96-well microplate. Sowing.
- the fused cells were cultured in a CO 2 incubator (5% CO 2 , 37 ° C.). When colonies were formed, the culture supernatant was sampled and screened as shown below.
- Hybridomas producing anti-HB-EGF antibodies were selected by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).
- ELISA enzyme immunoassay
- the recombinant human HB-EGF protein used as an immunogen was dispensed at 0.5 ug / mL and 50 uL / well into a 96-well ELISA plate (manufactured by nunc), and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4 ° C. overnight. What was placed and adsorbed was used.
- the plate was washed with 0.05% Tween 20-PBS, and then a color developing solution (5 mM sodium citrate, 0.8 mM 3.3′.5.5 ′ tetramethylbenzidine-2HCl, 10% N, N-dimethylformamide, 0.625% polyethylene glycol 4000, 5 mM citric acid monohydrate, 5 mM H 2 O 2 ) is added at 50 uL / well and allowed to stand at room temperature for 20 minutes, and 1M phosphoric acid is added at 50 uL / well for color development. After stopping, the absorbance at a main wavelength of 450 nm and a sub wavelength of 620 nm was measured using a plate reader (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- the hybridoma confirmed that the produced antibody specifically recognizes HB-EGF is HT medium containing 15% FBS (RPMI1640, HT-supplement (manufactured by Invitrogen, catalog number: 21060-017), Penicillin. -Expanded culture with (Streptomycin) and then cloned by limiting dilution.
- ⁇ Acquisition of anti-HB-EGF monoclonal antibody> Each hybridoma monocloned as described above is cultured in a serum-free medium (GIBCO, catalog number: 12300-067), and antibodies are obtained from the culture supernatant by a general affinity purification method using protein A-Sepharose. Was purified. The reactivity of these antibodies to human HB-EGF was confirmed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using the purified protein used as an immunogen, as described above, and hybridomas producing anti-HB-EGF antibodies were obtained.
- ELISA enzyme immunoassay
- Example 2 ⁇ Reactivity of the obtained antibody to cell surface HB-EGF>
- those that strongly react with cell surface HB-EGF were selected by a general method using flow cytometry.
- each acquired antibody 5 ug / mL
- secondary antibody (Beckman Coulter, Inc.) at the same concentration
- catalog number: IM0855 antibody diluted to 1/200) was used, and the average fluorescence intensity in flow cytometry was analyzed.
- mouse IgG1 (isotype control, manufactured by MBL, catalog number: M075-3) was used as a negative control, and it was confirmed that it did not react with HB-EGF / st293T or 293T. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
- the 35-1 antibody, the 292 antibody, and the like are antibodies that strongly react with HB-EGF on the cell surface.
- Example 3 ⁇ Epitope analysis of acquired antibody>
- the reactivity of the anti-HB-EGF antibody to amino acid point mutant HB-EGF was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the epitope to which the obtained antibody bound was identified.
- cells expressing amino acid point mutant HB-EGF for use in flow cytometry were prepared. That is, genes encoding mutant HB-EGF shown in Table 1 were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis using HB-EGF-pQCxmhIPG as a template. The obtained mutant HB-EGF gene was inserted into an animal cell expression vector pQCxmhIPG to prepare a vector encoding each mutant HB-EGF. Each of these vectors was introduced into 293T cells and transiently expressed to prepare cells expressing the amino acid point mutant HB-EGF.
- HB-EGF-pQCxmhIPG was introduced into 293T cells and transiently expressed to prepare cells expressing wild type HB-EGF.
- anti-HB-EGF antibody 5 ug / mL
- secondary antibody manufactured by Beckman Coulter, catalog number: IM0855
- IM0855 secondary antibody
- the average fluorescence intensity of flow cytometry was analyzed.
- goat-derived anti-human HB-EGF polyclonal antibody catalog number: BAF259, manufactured by R & D, whose binding ability does not change due to amino acid point mutation is 1 ug / ml.
- the binding strength (relative value) of the anti-HB-EGF antibody to the mutant HB-EGF is 0.4 or less
- the anti-HB-EGF antibody is an amino acid before being substituted in the mutant. was determined to be an antibody that binds to.
- the 35-1 antibody and the 292 antibody hardly reacted with G140A, E141H, and R142A, and in addition, the reactivity to F115A and I117A was extremely low.
- the 1-1 antibody hardly reacted with F115A and R142A, and in addition, the reactivity to G140A and E141H was extremely low.
- the 35-1 antibody and the 292 antibody are the 115th phenylalanine, the 117th isoleucine, the 140th glycine, the 141st glutamic acid and the 142nd antibody of the human HB-EGF protein. It was revealed that arginine was recognized.
- the antibody 1-1 recognizes the 115th phenylalanine, the 140th glycine, the 141st glutamic acid, and the 142th arginine, but does not recognize the 117th isoleucine unlike the above-mentioned 2 antibodies. It was.
- Example 4 ⁇ HB-EGF cleavage inhibitory activity of the obtained antibody> Whether the obtained anti-HB-EGF antibody can inhibit the cleavage of membrane-type HB-EGF was evaluated by flow cytometry shown below.
- HA-HB-EGF / stCHO-K1 was seeded in a 48-well microplate at 100,000 cells per well and cultured at 37 ° C. for 6 hours. After confirming that the cells adhered to the bottom of the plate, the cells were replaced with serum-free F12 Ham's medium and cultured for another 15 hours.
- the medium was replaced with a medium supplemented with 35-1 antibody or control antibody (manufactured by MBL, catalog number: M075-3), and incubated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the antibody concentration at this time was 25, 5, 1, 0.2, and 0.04 ug / mL, and the amount of medium per well was 200 uL.
- PMA was added to a final concentration of 500 nM by adding 2 uL of PMA-added medium adjusted to 5000 nM per well and mixing. After culturing at 37 ° C. for 60 minutes, the cells were detached by detaching with PBS-0.05% EDTA. It has been shown that PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) added to the medium induces shedding in HB-EGF by activating protein kinase C (PKC). .
- PKC protein kinase C
- HB-EGF remaining on the surface of these cells is detected by flow cytometry using an antibody that recognizes the HA tag added to the N-terminus of HB-EGF.
- MBL Biotinylated anti-HA tag antibody
- PE-labeled streptavidin diluted by 1/100 as a secondary antibody (manufactured by Invitrogen, catalog number: S866)
- FIG. 3 the vertical axis represents the average fluorescence intensity in flow cytometry.
- HA-HB-EGF / stCHO-K1 was seeded in a 48-well microplate at 100,000 cells per well and cultured at 37 ° C. for 6 hours. After confirming that the cells adhered to the bottom of the plate, the cells were replaced with serum-free F12 Ham's medium and cultured for another 15 hours.
- the medium was replaced with a medium supplemented with 35-1 antibody or control antibody (manufactured by MBL, catalog number: M075-3), and incubated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the antibody concentration at this time was 100, 10, and 1 ug / mL, and the amount of medium per well was 200 uL.
- the intracellular HB-EGF-CTF was analyzed by Western blotting using an antibody that recognizes the myc tag added to the C-terminus of HB-EGF.
- the collected cell samples were heat-treated and then 10 uL each was subjected to SDS-PAGE, and anti-myc tag antibody (MBL, catalog number: M047-3) diluted 5000 times as a primary antibody and diluted 5000 times as a secondary antibody.
- An HRP-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody manufactured by MBL, catalog number: 330 was used in accordance with a conventional method. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
- Incubation conditions were HA-HB-EGF / stCHO-K1, 35-1 antibody, 292 antibody, or the above-mentioned control with an added concentration in the medium of 25, 5, 1, 0.2, or 0.04 ug / mL.
- incubation with antibodies as described above, whether these antibodies can inhibit the cleavage of membrane-type HB-EGF was evaluated by Western blot. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
- Example 5 ⁇ HB-EGF neutralizing activity of the obtained antibody>
- the obtained anti-HB-EGF antibody inhibits the phosphorylation of EGFR induced by stimulation with HB-EGF using A431 (ATCC, catalog number: CRL-1555), a cultured cell line of human lung cancer. Whether or not the anti-HB-EGF antibody has an activity of neutralizing HB-EGF was analyzed by Western blotting as shown below.
- A431 cultured in DMEM-10% FBS (containing Penicillin-Streptomycin) was seeded at 50000 cells per well in a 12-well plate and cultured at 37 ° C. for 6 hours. After confirming that the cells adhered to the bottom of the plate, the cells were replaced with serum-free DMEM medium and further cultured for 48 hours.
- the secretory HB-EGF recombinant protein (HB-EGFv5) and the obtained anti-HB-EGF antibody (35-1, 292 or 1-1 antibody) were added in 200 ⁇ L of serum-free DMEM medium. And incubated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes and then added to the cells. At this time, the concentration of the recombinant protein was 50 ng / mL, and the antibody concentrations of 125, 25, 5, 1, 0.2, and 0 ug / mL were 6 levels. The 35-1 antibody was also tested at low concentrations (6 levels of 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0 ug / mL).
- HB-EGFv5 HB-EGF recombinant protein
- DMEM medium without HB-EGF DMEM medium without HB-EGF
- both the 35-1 antibody and the 292 antibody inhibit EGFR phosphorylation by HB-EGF in a concentration-dependent manner, and both the 35-1 antibody and the 292 antibody both have HB- -It was found to have EGF neutralizing activity.
- the 1-1 antibody did not inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR by HB-EGF and did not have the HB-EGF neutralizing activity. .
- Non-Patent Document 21 describes antibodies (7E10, 3D9) having epitopes of 133th isoleucine and 135th histidine as epitopes and antibodies having epitopes of 141st glutamic acid (3H4 etc.) in human HB-EGF protein. All have cleavage-inhibiting activity, but have no neutralizing activity.
- the anti-HB-EGF antibody must bind to the 117th isoleucine of the human HB-EGF protein in order to exert neutralizing activity.
- Example 6 ⁇ Evaluation of antitumor activity in advanced cancer model>
- human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 ATCC, catalog number: HTB-26
- DMEM-10% FBS containing Penicillin-Streptomycin
- PBS-0.05% EDTA PBS-0.05% EDTA
- mice After adding an equal amount of Matrigel (BD, catalog number: 354230) and suspending, 200 uL each on the right ventral side of a 6-week-old female nude mouse (CLEA Japan, BALB / cAJcl-nu / nu) Subcutaneously transplanted. When the tumor volume reached around 200 mm 3 , the mice were selected so that the average tumor volume of each group was equivalent. From the same day, the antibody solution diluted with PBS to 750 ug / ml (high concentration) or 150 ug / ml (low concentration) was administered as abdominal cavity by 200 uL each in the control group (4 mice in each group). The antibody administered to the xenograft mouse is the chimerized 35-1 antibody described later.
- Matrigel catalog number: 354230
- Tumor volume (mm 3 ) major axis ⁇ minor axis 2 ⁇ 0.5
- FIG. 1 The obtained results are shown in FIG.
- the 35-1 antibody inhibited the growth of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. That is, it was revealed that the 35-1 antibody has antitumor activity in an advanced cancer model.
- ADCC activity The ADCC activity of the obtained anti-HB-EGF antibody was evaluated. That is, first, the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was selected as the target cell. Then, the cells are cultured in DMEM-10% FBS (containing Penicillin-Streptomycin), detached with PBS-0.05% EDTA, washed with PBS, and then washed with PBS, then DMEM-10% FBS (containing Penicillin-Streptomycin). Prepared to optimum concentration. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of effector cells were prepared from peripheral blood of healthy persons by the following method.
- PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- Healthy human peripheral blood was collected using Benogect II vacuum blood collection tube (TERUMO) and diluted by adding the same amount of physiological saline.
- the diluted peripheral blood was overlaid on Histopaque-1077 (manufactured by Sigma, catalog number: 10771-500ML), centrifuged at 800 g for 20 minutes to collect peripheral blood mononuclear cells, washed with PBS, washed with PBS, DMEM-10 % FBS (containing Penicillin-Streptomycin) was prepared to an optimal concentration.
- the ADCC activity was evaluated by dispensing 25 uL of effector cells and 50 uL of target cells into a 96-well U-bottom plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., catalog number: MS-309UR) so that the effector cells 20 become target cells 1. After that, 25 uL of antibody diluted to each concentration with DMEM-10% FBS (containing Penicillin-Streptomycin) was added and incubated at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 for 20 hours. The antibody added to the cells is the chimerized 35-1 antibody described later.
- LDH lactate dehydrogenase
- the antibody 35-1 exhibited cytotoxic activity depending on the antibody concentration. Therefore, it was revealed that the 35-1 antibody exhibits not only neutralizing activity but also an antitumor effect by ADCC against cancers expressing HB-EGF.
- Example 8 ⁇ Isolation of heavy chain and light chain variable region genes of antibody 35-1 and 292 and identification of CDR>
- Each hybridoma was cultured, and total RNA was extracted by a general method.
- cDNA was obtained by 5′-RACE method using GeneRacer kit (manufactured by Invitrogen, catalog number: L1502-01).
- GeneRacer 5 ′ primer (5′-CGACTGGAGCACGAGGACACTGA-3 ′, SEQ ID NO: 20), CH1 (mouse IgG1 constant region 1), 3 ′ primer (5′-AATTTTCTTTCCCCCTGG-3 ′, SEQ ID NO: 21 ) was used to perform PCR ([94 ° C.
- Each amplified gene fragment was cloned into a pT7Blue T-vector (Novagen, catalog number: 69820), and the sequence was analyzed using an autosequencer (Applied Biosystems). And based on the obtained base sequence, the amino acid sequence of the variable region of a heavy chain and a light chain, and the sequence of CDR in each variable region were determined. The results are as follows.
- Example 9 Preparation of 35-1 chimerized antibody> Based on the determined gene sequence, the following PCR amplification primers were designed, and the antibody variable region was amplified by PCR. At this time, the secretory signal sequence was converted to a sequence recommended by Lonza, and a restriction enzyme recognition sequence was added to the end of the amplified fragment (a HindIII recognition sequence and an XhoI recognition sequence were added to the heavy chain variable region, and the light chain variable region To which HindIII and BsiWI recognition sequences are added).
- the obtained PCR product was cleaved with the above restriction enzyme, and inserted into a human IgG1 antibody production vector manufactured by Lonza Corporation incorporating a constant region of human IgG1 by a conventional method.
- a chimeric antibody-producing cell line was established based on the protocol recommended by Lonza, and the chimeric antibody (35-1 chimeric antibody) was purified from the culture supernatant using Protein A.
- a humanized antibody was prepared by the CDR-grafting method. Specifically, a homology search was performed on the framework region excluding the CDR sequence of the heavy chain variable region and the framework region excluding the CDR sequence of the light chain variable region, respectively, and 73.5% homology with the 35-1 antibody. The light chain variable region human antibody sequence having 86.3% homology with the heavy chain variable region human antibody sequence having the property was selected. Using this human antibody sequence as a template sequence, the sequence of the variable region converted to the CDR sequence of 35-1 was determined according to the CDR-grafting method.
- the synthesized variable region sequence was inserted into a Lonza human IgG1 antibody production vector incorporating a human IgG1 constant region by a conventional method, and a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region consisting of the following sequences were 35- One humanized antibody was prepared.
- Example 11 ⁇ Reactivity of 35-1 chimerized antibody or 35-1 humanized antibody to antigen> The reactivity of 35-1 chimerized antibody or 35-1 humanized antibody to HB-EGF was evaluated by flow cytometry.
- Flow cytometry is the same method as described above, using a culture supernatant of 293T cells introduced with a human IgG1 antibody production vector expressing 35-1 chimeric antibody or 35-1 humanized antibody as a primary antibody. I went there.
- the antibody concentration in the culture supernatant was calculated by the sandwich ELISA method.
- sandwich ELISA method goat anti-mouse IgG (manufactured by MBL, code number: 303G) was solid-phased at 5 ug / mL and 50 uL / well on a 96-well ELISA plate, and 293T cell culture supernatant was added at 50 uL / well.
- the plate was washed with 0.05% Tween20-PBS for 50 hours, and then added with 50 uL / well of HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (MBL, code number: 330) diluted 1 / 10,000 times as a detection antibody. And left for 1 hour.
- a color developing solution was added at 50 uL / well and allowed to stand for 20 minutes at room temperature to develop color.
- 1 M phosphoric acid was added at 50 uL / well, color development was stopped, and then 450 nm. was measured with a plate reader.
- an antibody that inhibits cleavage in the human HB-EGF and inhibits binding between the human HB-EGF and the EGF receptor can be provided.
- the antibody of the present invention is also useful in treating or preventing cancer because it is excellent in activity of suppressing tumor growth.
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Abstract
Description
<1> 配列番号:1に示されるヒトHB-EGFタンパク質における117番目のイソロイシンに結合する抗体。
<2> 配列番号:1に示されるヒトHB-EGFタンパク質における115番目のフェニルアラニン、140番目のグリシン、141番目のグルタミン酸及び142番目のアルギニンに更に結合する、<1>に記載の抗体。
<3> ヒトHB-EGFに結合する抗体であって、下記(a)又は(b)に記載の特徴を有する抗体
(a) 配列番号:2~4に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:6~8に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する
(b) 配列番号:10~12に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:14~16に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する。
<4> ヒトHB-EGFに結合する抗体であって、下記(a)又は(b)に記載の特徴を有する抗体
(a) 配列番号:5に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:9に記載のアミノ酸配列または該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する
(b) 配列番号:13に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:17に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列とを含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する。
<5> ヒトHB-EGFに結合する抗体であって、
配列番号:18に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:19に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する、抗体。
<6> <1>~<5>のうちのいずれか一に記載の抗体をコードするDNA。
<7> <1>~<5>のうちのいずれか一に記載の抗体を産生する、又は、<6>に記載のDNAを含む、ハイブリドーマ。
<8> <1>~<5>のうちのいずれか一に記載の抗体を有効成分とする、癌を治療又は予防するための組成物。
<9> <8>に記載の組成物を医薬として使用する方法。
<10> <8>に記載の組成物を癌患者に投与して治療する方法。
(a) 配列番号:2~4に記載のアミノ酸配列(後述の35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域におけるCDR1~3のアミノ酸配列)又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:6~8に記載のアミノ酸配列(後述の35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域におけるCDR1~3のアミノ酸配列)又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する
(b) 配列番号:10~12に記載のアミノ酸配列(後述の292抗体の軽鎖可変領域におけるCDR1~3のアミノ酸配列)又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:14~16に記載のアミノ酸配列(後述の292抗体の重鎖可変領域におけるCDR1~3のアミノ酸配列)又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する。
(a) 配列番号:5に記載のアミノ酸配列(後述の35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列)又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:9に記載のアミノ酸配列(後述の35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列)または該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する
(b) 配列番号:13に記載のアミノ酸配列(後述の292抗体の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列)又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:17に記載のアミノ酸配列(後述の292抗体の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列)又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列とを含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する。
本発明の抗体の治療上又は予防上の有効量をヒトに投与する工程と、
該投与後のヒトにおいて、本発明の抗体の有効性を評価する工程とを含む、
癌を治療又は予防するための方法を、本発明は提供する。
ヒトHB-EGFタンパク質に対する抗体を以下に示す方法にて作製した。
ヒト膵臓癌細胞AsPC-1(ATCC、カタログ番号:CRL-1682)から作製したcDNAライブラリーから、ヒトHB-EGFタンパク質(配列番号:1に記載の1~208番目のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質)をコードするDNAをPCR法によって増幅した。得られたPCR産物をT7Blue T-ベクター(Novagen社製、カタログ番号:69820)にクローニングし、塩基配列を確認した。また、このようにして得られたベクターをhHB-EGF-pT7と名づけた。
ヒトHB-EGFタンパク質の全長を安定発現する動物細胞を、以下のように作製した。すなわち先ず、hHB-EGF-pT7を鋳型として、PCR法にて増幅させたDNAの末端をNotIとBamHIとで切断し、動物細胞用発現ベクターのNotI-BamHIサイトに挿入した。動物細胞用の発現ベクターには、CMVプロモーターで制御され、IRES配列により目的遺伝子とPuromycin-EGFP融合タンパク質とが同時に発現されるpQCxmhIPGを用いた。pQCxmhIPGは、本発明者らが「BD Retro-X Qベクターズ」(Clontech社製、カタログ番号:631516)のpQCXIPレトロウィルスベクターを改変したベクターである。作製したベクターは、HB-EGF-pQCxmhIPGと名付けた。
分泌型HB-EGF(配列番号:1に記載のN末端から1番目から149番目のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質)又はHB-EGF細胞外領域(配列番号:1に記載のN末端から1番目から161番目のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質)を発現する動物細胞を、以下のようにして作製した。
前記にて樹立した発現細胞株(HB-EGFv5/st293T及びHB-EGFv4/st293T)を、293用培地(製品名:CD293、Invitrogen社製)1Lにて各々培養した。培養上清を回収し、そこからTALON精製キット(Clontech社製、カタログ番号:K1253-1)を用いてリコンビナントタンパク質を精製した。精製したタンパク質(HB-EGFv5及びHB-EGFv4)は、SDS-PAGE及びウエスタンブロットにて確認した。さらにプロテインアッセイキットII(BioRad社製、カタログ番号:500-0002JA)を用いてタンパク質濃度を決定した。
HB-EGFv4はPBSにて希釈し、同量のコンプリートアジュバント(SIGMA社製、カタログ番号:F5881)と混合してエマルジョンにし、4~5週齢のC3Hマウス(日本エスエルシー社製)等に1匹当たり5~20ug、3~7日おきに6回免疫した。最終免疫の3日後にマウスからリンパ球細胞を摘出し、マウス骨髄腫細胞P3U1(P3-X63Ag8U1)と、次に示す方法にて融合させた。
細胞融合は以下の一般的な方法を基本として行った。全ての培地中のFBSは、56℃で30分間保温する処理によって非働化したものを使用した。P3U1は、RPMI1640-10%FBS(Penicillin-Streptomycin含有)で培養して準備した。摘出したマウスリンパ球細胞とP3U1を10:1~2:1の割合で混合し、遠心した。沈殿した細胞に50%ポリエチレングリコール4000(Merck社製、カタログ番号:1.09727.0100)を徐々に加えながら穏やかに混合後、遠心した。沈殿した融合細胞を、15%FBSを含むHAT培地(RPMI1640、HAT-supplement(Invitrogen社製、カタログ番号:11067-030)、Penicillin-Streptomycin)で適宜希釈し、96穴のマイクロプレートに200uL/ウェルで播種した。融合細胞をCO2インキュベータ(5%CO2、37℃)中で培養し、コロニーが形成されたところで培養上清をサンプリングし、次に示す通りスクリーニングを行った。
抗HB-EGF抗体を産生するハイブリドーマは、酵素免疫測定法(ELISA)によって選定した。アッセイにはそれぞれ免疫原として使用したリコンビナントヒトHB-EGFタンパク質を96ウェルのELISAプレート(nunc社製)に0.5ug/mL、50uL/ウェルで分注し、室温2時間又は4℃一晩静置して吸着させたものを用いた。溶液を除去後、1% BSA(ナカライ社製、カタログ番号:01863-35)-5%スクロース(WAKO社製)-PBSを150uL/ウェル加え、室温で2時間静置し、残存する活性基をブロックした。静置後、溶液を除去し、一次抗体としてハイブリドーマ培養上清を50uL/ウェル分注し、1時間静置した。該プレートを0.05% Tween20-PBSで洗浄後、二次抗体として1/10000倍希釈したHRP標識ヤギ抗マウスIgG(MBL社製、カタログ番号:330)を50uL/ウェル加えて室温で1時間静置した。該プレートを0.05% Tween20-PBSで洗浄後、発色液(5mMクエン酸ナトリウム、0.8mM 3.3’.5.5’テトラメチルベンチジン-2HCl、10%N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、0.625%ポリエチレングリコール4000、5mMクエン酸一水和物、5mM H2O2)を50uL/ウェル添加し室温20分静置して発色させ、1Mリン酸を50uL/ウェル添加して発色を停止させた後、主波長450nm及び副波長620nmにおける吸光度をプレートリーダー(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)を用いて測定した。
前記にて単クローン化した各ハイブリドーマを無血清培地(GIBCO社製、カタログ番号:12300-067)で培養し、その培養上清から、プロテインA-セファロースを用いた一般的なアフィニティー精製法により抗体を精製した。これら抗体のヒトHB-EGFに対する反応性は、前記同様に、免疫原として使用した精製タンパク質を用いた酵素免疫測定法(ELISA)によって確認し、抗HB-EGF抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを取得した。
<取得抗体の細胞表面HB-EGFに対する反応性>
実施例1にて取得した抗HB-EGF抗体のうち、細胞表面HB-EGFに強く反応するものを、フローサイトメトリーを用いた一般的な方法によって選定した。同数のHB-EGF/st293T(5×10^4個)又は293T(5×10^4個)に対し、同濃度の各取得抗体(5ug/mL)と同濃度の二次抗体(ベックマンコールター社製、カタログ番号:IM0855の抗体を1/200に希釈して使用)とを反応させ、フローサイトメトリーにおける平均蛍光強度を解析した。なお、このフローサイトメトリーにおいて、陰性対照としてマウスIgG1(アイソタイプコントロール、MBL社製、カタログ番号:M075-3)をコントロール抗体として用い、HB-EGF/st293T又は293Tと反応しないことを確認した。得られた結果を図1に示す。
<取得抗体のエピトープ解析>
以下に示す方法にて、アミノ酸点変異型HB-EGFに対する抗HB-EGF抗体の反応性をフローサイトメトリーにて解析し、取得抗体が結合するエピトープの同定を試みた。
式*:(変異型HB-EGFに対する抗HB-EGF抗体の反応性/変異型HB-EGFに対するヤギポリクローナル抗体の反応性)/(野生型HB-EGFに対する抗HB-EGF抗体の反応性/野生型HB-EGFに対するヤギポリクローナル抗体反応性)。
<取得抗体のHB-EGF切断阻害活性>
取得した抗HB-EGF抗体によって、膜型HB-EGFの切断を阻害できるかどうかを、以下に示すフローサイトメトリーにて評価した。
<取得抗体のHB-EGF中和活性>
ヒト肺がんの株化培養細胞であるA431(ATCC、カタログ番号:CRL-1555)を用いて、HB-EGFで刺激した際に誘起されるEGFRのリン酸化を、取得した抗HB-EGF抗体が阻害できるか、すなわち抗HB-EGF抗体にHB-EGFを中和する活性の有無を、以下に示すウエスタンブロット法によって解析した。
<進行癌モデルでの抗腫瘍活性評価>
取得した抗HB-EGF抗体の抗腫瘍活性を判定するため、ゼノグラフトマウスを用いて評価を行った。すなわち先ず、ヒト乳癌細胞株MDA-MB-231(ATCC、カタログ番号:HTB-26)をDMEM-10%FBS(Penicillin-Streptomycin含有)で培養し、PBS-0.05% EDTAで剥離した。PBSにて洗浄後、RPMI1640培地で5×107細胞/mLとなるように縣濁した。Matrigel(BD社製、カタログ番号:354230)を等量加えて縣濁したのち、6週齢メスのヌードマウス(日本クレア社製、BALB/cAJcl-nu/nu)の右腹側部に200uLずつ皮下移植した。腫瘍体積が200mm3前後になった時点で、各群の平均腫瘍体積が同等となるようにマウスを選抜した。同日から、750ug/ml(高濃度)又は150ug/ml(低濃度)にPBSで希釈した抗体溶液を、コントロール群はPBSを、200uLずつ腹空投与した(各群4匹)。なお、ゼノグラフトマウスに投与した抗体は、後述のキメラ化した35-1抗体である。また、投与は一週間に2回、計6回行った。抗体投与時点からノギスで腫瘍径を測定し、腫瘍体積を以下の式により算出した。
式:腫瘍体積(mm3)=長径×短径2×0.5
得られた結果を図9に示す。
<抗体依存性細胞障害活性(ADCC活性)の評価>
取得した抗HB-EGF抗体のADCC活性を評価した。すなわち先ず、標的細胞としてヒト乳癌細胞株MDA-MB-231を選択した。そして、該細胞をDMEM-10%FBS(Penicillin-Streptomycin含有)で培養し、PBS-0.05% EDTAで剥離したのち、PBSで洗浄後、DMEM-10%FBS(Penicillin-Streptomycin含有)にて至適濃度に調製した。エフェクター細胞の末梢血単核球(Peripheral blood mononuclear cell:PBMC)は、健常人末梢血から以下の方法で調製した。ベノジェクトII真空採血管(TERUMO社)を用いて健常人末梢血を採血し、同量の生理食塩水を加えて希釈した。希釈した末梢血をHistopaque-1077(sigma社製、カタログ番号:10771-500ML)に重層し、800g、20分間遠心分離し末梢血単核球を回収した後、PBSにて洗浄後、DMEM-10%FBS(Penicillin-Streptomycin含有)にて至適濃度に調製した。
式:細胞障害活性%=(実験区におけるLDH値-エフェクター細胞のLDH値-標的細胞のLDH値)/(最大細胞障害時のLDH値-標的細胞のLDH値)×100%
得られた結果を図10に示す。
<35-1抗体及び292抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖可変領域遺伝子の単離、並びにCDRの同定>
各ハイブリドーマを培養し、一般的な方法によりtotal RNAを抽出した。次に、GeneRacerキット(Invitrogen社製、カタログ番号:L1502-01)を用いた5’-RACE法により、cDNAを取得した。このcDNAを鋳型とし、GeneRacer 5’プライマー(5’-CGACTGGAGCACGAGGACACTGA-3’、配列番号:20)、CH1(マウスIgG1定常領域1)、3’プライマー(5’-AATTTTCTTGTCCACCTGG-3’、配列番号:21)を用いて、プラチナ Taq DNA ポリメラーゼ ハイフィデリティ(Invitrogen社製、カタログ番号:11304-029)でPCR([94℃ 30秒、57℃ 30秒、72℃ 50秒]を35サイクル)を実施し、抗体重鎖可変領域の遺伝子(cDNA)を増幅した。一方、抗体軽鎖についても同様にGeneRacer 5’プライマーとCk(κ定常領域)3’プライマー(5’-CTAACACTCATTCCTGTTGAAGCTCT-3’、配列番号:22)を用いてPCRを実施して、遺伝子(cDNA)を増幅した。増幅した遺伝子断片をそれぞれpT7Blue T-ベクター(Novagen社製、カタログ番号:69820)にクローニングし、オートシークエンサー(アプライドバイオシステムズ社製)を用いて配列を解析した。そして、得られた塩基配列に基づき、重鎖及び軽鎖の可変領域のアミノ酸配列、並びに各可変領域におけるCDRの配列を決定した。その結果は以下の通りである。
<35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域>
配列番号:9
EVQLQQSGPELVKPRASVKISCKASGYSFSGYYMHWVKQSPEKSLEWIGEINPSTGGITYNQKFKAKATLTVDRSSSTAYMQLKSLTSEDSAVYYCTRITWAFAYWGQGTLVTVSA
<35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR1>
配列番号:6
GYYMH
<35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR2>
配列番号:7
EINPSTGGITYNQKFKA
配列番号:8
<35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR3>
ITWAFAY
<35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域>
配列番号:5
QIVLTQSPAIMSASPGEKVTMTCSASSSVTYMYWYQQKPGSSPRLLIYDTSNLASGVPVRFSGSGSGTSYSLTISRMEAEDAATYYCQQWSSYPPTFGGGTKLEIK
<35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR1>
配列番号:2
SASSSVTYMY
<35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR2>
配列番号:3
DTSNLAS
<35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR3>
配列番号:4
QQWSSYPPT
<292抗体の重鎖可変領域>
配列番号:17
EVQLQQSGPELVKPGASVKISCKASGYSFTGYYMHWVKQSPEKSLEWIGEINPSTGGTTYNQKFKAKATLTLDKSSSTAYMQLKSLTSEDSAVYYCAKSPYWDGAYWGQGTLVTVSA
<292抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR1>
配列番号:14
GYYMH
<292抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR2>
配列番号:15
EINPSTGGTTYNQKFKA
<292抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR3>
配列番号:16
SPYWDGAY
<292抗体の軽鎖可変領域>
配列番号:13
QIVLTQSPAIMSASPGEKVTMTCSASSSISYMYWYQQRPGSSPRLLIYDTSNLASGVPVRFSGSGSGTSHSLTISRMEAEDAATYYCQQWSSYPSTFGGGTKLEIK
<292抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR1>
配列番号:10
SASSSISYMY
<292抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR2>
配列番号:11
DTSNLAS
<292抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR3>
配列番号:12
QQWSSYPST
<35-1キメラ化抗体の作製>
決定した遺伝子配列をもとに以下のPCR増幅用プライマーを設計し、PCRによって抗体可変領域を増幅した。この際、分泌シグナル配列はロンザ社推奨の配列に変換し、また増幅断片の末端に制限酵素認識配列を付加した(重鎖可変領域にはHindIII認識配列及びXhoI認識配列を付加、軽鎖可変領域にはHindIII及びBsiWI認識配列を付加)。
<35-1ヒト型化抗体の作製>
CDR-grafting法により、ヒト型化抗体を作製した。具体的には重鎖可変領域のCDR配列を除いたフレームワーク領域と、軽鎖可変領域のCDR配列を除いたフレームワーク領域に対しそれぞれホモロジー検索を行い、35-1抗体と73.5%相同性を持つ重鎖可変領域ヒト抗体配列と86.3%相同性を持つ軽鎖可変領域ヒト抗体配列を選出した。このヒト抗体配列を鋳型配列とし、CDR-grafting法に従い35-1のCDR配列に変換した可変領域の配列を決定した。常法によって、合成した可変領域配列をヒトIgG1の定常領域を組み込んだロンザ社のヒトIgG1抗体産生用ベクターに挿入し、以下に示す配列からなる重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域を有する35-1ヒト型化抗体を作製した。
<35-1ヒト型化抗体重鎖可変領域>
配列番号:19
QVQLVQSGAEVVKPGSSVKVSCKASGYSFSGYYMHWVKQAPGQGLEWIGEINPSTGGITYNQKFKAKATLTVDRSTSTAYMELKSLTSEDTAVYYCTRITWAFAYWGQGTTVTVSS
<35-1ヒト型化抗体軽鎖可変領域>
配列番号:18
QIVLTQSPTTMAASPGEKITITCSASSSVTYMYWYQQRPGFSPKLLIYDTSNLASGVPVRFSGSGSGTSYSLTIGTMEAEDVATYYCQQWSSYPPTFGGGTKLEIK
<35-1キメラ化抗体又は35-1ヒト型化抗体の抗原に対する反応性>
35-1キメラ化抗体又は35-1ヒト型化抗体のHB-EGFに対する反応性を、フローサイトメトリーによって評価した。
<223> 35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR1
配列番号:3
<223> 35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR2
配列番号:4
<223> 35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR3
配列番号:5
<223> 35-1抗体の軽鎖可変領域
配列番号:6
<223> 35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR1
配列番号:7
<223> 35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR2
配列番号:8
<223> 35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR3
配列番号:9
<223> 35-1抗体の重鎖可変領域
配列番号:10
<223> 292抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR1
配列番号:11
<223> 292抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR2
配列番号:12
<223> 292抗体の軽鎖可変領域のCDR3
配列番号:13
<223> 292抗体の軽鎖可変領域
配列番号:14
<223> 292抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR1
配列番号:15
<223> 292抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR2
配列番号:16
<223> 292抗体の重鎖可変領域のCDR3
配列番号:17
<223> 292抗体の重鎖可変領域
配列番号:18
<223> 35-1ヒト型化抗体の軽鎖可変領域
配列番号:19
<223> 35-1ヒト型化抗体の重鎖可変領域
配列番号:20~22
<223> 人工的に合成されたプライマーの配列
Claims (8)
- 配列番号:1に示されるヒトHB-EGFタンパク質における117番目のイソロイシンに結合する抗体。
- 配列番号:1に示されるヒトHB-EGFタンパク質における115番目のフェニルアラニン、140番目のグリシン、141番目のグルタミン酸及び142番目のアルギニンに更に結合する、請求項1に記載の抗体。
- ヒトHB-EGFに結合する抗体であって、下記(a)又は(b)に記載の特徴を有する抗体
(a) 配列番号:2~4に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:6~8に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する
(b) 配列番号:10~12に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:14~16に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列の少なくともいずれかにおいて1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する。 - ヒトHB-EGFに結合する抗体であって、下記(a)又は(b)に記載の特徴を有する抗体
(a) 配列番号:5に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:9に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する
(b) 配列番号:13に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:17に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列とを含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する。 - ヒトHB-EGFに結合する抗体であって、
配列番号:18に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号:19に記載のアミノ酸配列又は該アミノ酸配列において1若しくは複数のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、付加及び/又は挿入されているアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域とを保持する、抗体。 - 請求項1~5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の抗体をコードするDNA。
- 請求項1~5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の抗体を産生する、又は、請求項6に記載のDNAを含む、ハイブリドーマ。
- 請求項1~5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の抗体を有効成分とする、癌を治療又は予防するための組成物。
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