WO2014174871A1 - 空調制御システム及び空調制御方法 - Google Patents
空調制御システム及び空調制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014174871A1 WO2014174871A1 PCT/JP2014/052805 JP2014052805W WO2014174871A1 WO 2014174871 A1 WO2014174871 A1 WO 2014174871A1 JP 2014052805 W JP2014052805 W JP 2014052805W WO 2014174871 A1 WO2014174871 A1 WO 2014174871A1
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- air conditioning
- operation plan
- temperature
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- planning
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/0205—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system
- G05B13/026—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system using a predictor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1917—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using digital means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
- G05D23/193—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces
- G05D23/1932—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of a plurality of spaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
- F24F11/56—Remote control
- F24F11/57—Remote control using telephone networks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
- F24F11/56—Remote control
- F24F11/58—Remote control using Internet communication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/20—Humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/50—Air quality properties
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/50—Air quality properties
- F24F2110/65—Concentration of specific substances or contaminants
- F24F2110/70—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/60—Energy consumption
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioning control system and an air conditioning control method.
- the air conditioning control system described in Patent Document 1 predicts the thermal load of a building, creates an operation plan of the air conditioner based on the predicted thermal load, and operates the air conditioner with the created operation plan. Therefore, an operation plan that takes into account the thermal load of the building, that is, the thermal characteristics of the building is drawn up, and the air conditioner is operating according to the operation plan that has been made in that way, so that energy saving is realized.
- the air conditioning control system described in Patent Document 1 does not correct the operation plan even when the predicted thermal load deviates from the actual while the operation plan planned in advance is being executed. That is, the air conditioning control system described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that an operation plan prepared in advance is not appropriately corrected according to a situation at the time of execution.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and an air conditioning control system and an air conditioning control method capable of appropriately correcting an operation plan prepared in advance according to a situation at the time of execution. It is intended to provide.
- the air conditioning control system is a system for controlling an air conditioning facility installed in a building. Based on the given heat load prediction data, the air conditioning control system according to the present invention predicts a temporal change in the amount of heat processed by the air conditioning facility.
- the air conditioning which is an evaluation index under the first constraint condition in which the load prediction unit and the total processing heat load are within the same or within a predetermined amount of difference and the room temperature is maintained within a predetermined comfortable temperature range
- An operation plan planning unit for planning in advance an operation plan for the air conditioning equipment in the target period for air conditioning operation so as to reduce either power consumption or running cost of the equipment, and control of the air conditioning equipment by the operation plan
- An operation plan correction unit that corrects the operation plan at a predetermined period, and a temperature sensor that measures the indoor temperature, and the operation plan planning unit and the operation plan supplement
- the unit has temperature prediction means for predicting a temporal change in the indoor temperature based on the given temperature prediction data, and the operation plan correction unit is configured such that the measured temperature measured by the temperature sensor is the operation plan.
- the second constraint condition is that an error between the predicted temperature predicted by the operation plan correction unit and the predicted temperature predicted by the operation plan planning unit at one or a plurality of times is within a predetermined allowable fluctuation range.
- the operation plan is corrected so that the evaluation index is minimized under the first constraint condition.
- the operation plan prepared in advance can be appropriately corrected according to the situation at the time of execution, so that the indoor temperature or humidity can be comfortably adjusted. It is possible to improve the energy saving performance while maintaining the above-mentioned effect.
- Embodiment 1 of this invention It is a flowchart explaining the control example of the air-conditioning control system 1 in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example which tries an operation plan by including the power consumption in Embodiment 1 of this invention in an evaluation parameter
- step of describing the program for performing the operation of the embodiment of the present invention is a process performed in time series in the order described, but it is not always necessary to process in time series.
- the processing executed may be included.
- each block diagram described in this embodiment may be considered as a hardware block diagram or a software functional block diagram.
- each block diagram may be realized by hardware such as a circuit device, or may be realized by software executed on an arithmetic device such as a processor (not shown).
- each block in the block diagram described in the present embodiment only needs to perform its function, and the configuration may not be separated by each block. That is, each block is only an example.
- each block may be a superset of the blocks described in the present embodiment, or may be a subset of the blocks described in the present embodiment. May be a subset of each of the blocks described in.
- Embodiments 1 to 5 may be implemented independently or in combination. In either case, the advantageous effects described below can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an air conditioning control system 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the air conditioning control system 1 includes an air conditioning controller 11 and an air conditioning facility 12.
- the air conditioning controller 11 and the air conditioning equipment 12 are connected via an air conditioning network 13.
- the air conditioning controller 11 controls the air conditioning equipment 12 or monitors the air conditioning equipment 12 by performing various communications with the air conditioning equipment 12.
- FIG. 1 an example in which only one air conditioning controller 11 is provided is described, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
- a plurality of air conditioning controllers 11 may be installed.
- a plurality of air conditioning controllers 11 may be provided at locations separated from each other.
- the air-conditioning controller 11 is generally installed in the management room etc. inside a building, for example, it is not limited to this in particular.
- the air conditioner 12 includes an outdoor unit 12a, an indoor unit 12b, a ventilation facility 12c, a total heat exchanger 12d, a humidifier 12e, a dehumidifier 12f, a heater 12g, an external air conditioner 12h, and the like. Prepare as. In general, a plurality of such components are installed.
- the component of the air conditioning equipment 12 demonstrated above only shows an example, Comprising: It does not specifically limit to these, All of these do not need to be a component.
- other types of devices that control the indoor air condition may be components. That is, the air conditioning equipment 12 is assumed to be any one or more of the components of the air conditioning equipment 12 described above.
- a plurality of air conditioning facilities 12 including a plurality of components may be provided.
- the air conditioning network 13 may be formed, for example, as a communication medium that performs communication based on a communication protocol that is not disclosed to the outside, or is formed as a communication medium that performs communication based on a communication protocol that is disclosed to the outside. May be.
- the air conditioning network 13 may have a configuration in which a plurality of different types of networks are mixed depending on, for example, the type of cable or the communication protocol.
- a dedicated network for measuring and controlling the air conditioning equipment 12 a LAN (Local Area Network), and individual dedicated lines that differ for each component of the air conditioning equipment 12 are assumed as examples.
- the air conditioning controller 11 and the air conditioning equipment 12 may be connected via a device connection controller 14.
- the device connection controller 14 has a function of relaying data communication between the air conditioning controller 11 and the air conditioning equipment 12. For example, among the components of the air conditioner 12, some components of the air conditioner 12 are directly connected to the air conditioning network 13, and other components of the air conditioner 12 are connected to the device connection controller 14. It may be.
- the device connection controller 14 may conceal the difference in communication protocol between the air conditioning equipment 12 and the air conditioning controller 11 or may monitor the communication content between the air conditioning equipment 12 and the air conditioning controller 11.
- the air conditioning control system 1 may include a sensor 19.
- the sensor 19 is a device that performs sensing such as a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a CO 2 concentration sensor.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which only one sensor 19 is installed, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this.
- a plurality of sensors 19 may be installed.
- the sensor 19 may be provided with a plurality of devices that perform different types of sensing.
- the sensor 19 may be a device that performs different types of sensing.
- the installation location of the sensor 19 is, for example, a room that is an air-conditioning target space of the air conditioning equipment 12. When sensing the outside temperature, the amount of solar radiation, etc., the sensor 19 may be installed outdoors.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another example of a schematic configuration of the air-conditioning control system 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the air conditioning control system 1 is provided with an air conditioning control computer 15.
- the air conditioning control computer 15 is connected to the air conditioning controller 11 via a general-purpose network 16.
- the air conditioning control computer 15 performs various communications with the air conditioning controller 11 via the general-purpose network 16.
- the general-purpose network 16 is a communication medium compliant with a communication protocol such as a LAN or a telephone line. Therefore, when various communications are performed between the air conditioning control computer 15 and the air conditioning controller 11, various communications may be performed based on the IP address or the like.
- the air conditioning control computer 15 may perform various communications with the sensor 19 or the air conditioning equipment 12 via the air conditioning controller 11 or the device connection controller 14.
- the air conditioning control computer 15 performs various calculations by performing various communications with the air conditioning equipment 12 via the general-purpose network 16.
- the air conditioning control computer 15 may acquire various data by performing various communications with the device connection controller 14 or the sensor 19 via the general-purpose network 16, the air conditioning controller 11, the air conditioning network 13, and the like.
- the air conditioning control computer 15 may be provided in a room or the like that is the air conditioning target space of the air conditioning equipment 12, and is installed in a center or the like that manages a plurality of buildings within the site or from a remote location. Also good.
- each function is implemented in the air-conditioning controller 11 and an example in which each function is shared by the air-conditioning controller 11 and the air-conditioning control computer 15 are described.
- the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
- the functions of the air conditioning controller 11 may be distributed and implemented in a plurality of server devices (not shown).
- the function of the air conditioning controller 11 and the function of the air conditioning control computer 15 may be implemented in a logically different form in one server device (not shown). That is, since each function described above may be executed, the physical storage location or the physical execution location is not particularly limited.
- a series of processing may be executed while the functions described above are distributed to a plurality of server devices or the like provided in remote locations, and the operation results are synchronized with each other.
- the function of the air conditioning controller 11 and the function of the air conditioning control computer 15 function as a virtualized device in a logically different form, so that one server device has two functions. May be implemented.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the air-conditioning control system 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the air conditioning control system 1 includes a condition setting unit 31, a thermal load prediction unit 32, an operation plan planning unit 33, an operation plan correction unit 34, a data measurement unit 35, and a control command unit 36 as functional configurations. Etc.
- the thermal load predicting unit 32 predicts the heat load in accordance with various setting conditions acquired from the condition setting unit 31 in the air conditioner supply heat amount that satisfies the set temperature in the target period, that is, in the set time increment.
- the operation plan of the air conditioning equipment 12 that processes the thermal load predicted by the thermal load prediction unit 32 in the target period is planned in time increments according to various setting conditions acquired from the condition setting unit 31.
- the operation plan correction unit 34 the operation plan prepared by the operation plan planning unit 33 is corrected based on the deviation between the predicted temperature and the measurement result of the data measurement unit 35 in accordance with various setting conditions acquired from the condition setting unit 31. To do.
- the control command unit 36 transmits the operation plan corrected by the operation plan correction unit 34 to the air conditioning equipment 12.
- Condition setting unit 31 In the condition setting unit 31, various settings such as an air conditioning operation plan target period, time increment, comfortable temperature range, and set temperature, which are execution conditions of the thermal load prediction unit 32, the operation plan planning unit 33, and the operation plan correction unit 34. A condition is set.
- the condition setting unit 31 as various setting conditions necessary for predicting the heat load and temperature, the outside air temperature, the amount of solar radiation, the internal heat generation amount, the characteristics and connection relations of each device that is a component of the air conditioning equipment 12, and the air conditioning equipment 12 The arrangement or the like on the floor of each device which is a constituent element of is set.
- the comfort maintenance period may be set as a period during which the room temperature is maintained in the comfortable temperature range during the planning target period.
- various setting conditions may be set by manual setting by a building administrator or the like.
- various setting conditions may be automatically set in accordance with a default setting previously determined as an initial value. Therefore, for example, the execution timing of the air conditioning control system 1 may be controlled by a manual setting of a building administrator.
- the manager of the building may stop the execution of the air conditioning control system 1 on a specific day.
- the manager of the building may be interrupted during the execution of the air conditioning control system 1. That is, the execution timing of the air conditioning control system 1 is arbitrarily controlled by setting from the outside.
- input means such as a keyboard, mouse, touch panel, and various switches provided in advance and display means such as a display may be used.
- the thermal load prediction unit 32 includes a thermal load prediction unit 41.
- the thermal load predicting means 41 predicts a temporal change in the amount of heat processed by the air conditioning equipment 12 during the planning target period based on various input data that are various setting conditions.
- the various input data are, for example, the set temperature of the air conditioning equipment 12 during the planning target period, weather data, and internal heat generation data.
- the weather data is data including at least one of the outside air temperature and the amount of solar radiation.
- the internal heat generation data is data relating to heat generated inside the building.
- the thermal load prediction means 41 is mounted with a thermal load prediction model that models the thermal characteristics of the building.
- the heat load prediction model is, for example, a mathematical model based on a heat conduction equation.
- the heat load prediction model can be derived from the room temperature prediction model defined by the heat conduction equation.
- the thermal load prediction model is derived by changing the equation so that the air conditioner supply heat amount which is one of the inputs and the room temperature which is the output are interchanged.
- the heat load prediction model need not be defined based on the heat conduction equation.
- the heat load prediction model is not particularly limited as long as it is a model in which the heat load is predicted from available input data.
- the operation planning unit 33 predetermines either the power consumption or the running cost, which is an evaluation index, under a constraint condition such as maintaining the room temperature within a predetermined comfortable temperature range during the planning period.
- An operation plan of the air conditioning equipment 12 is drawn up so as to minimize within the calculation time.
- the operation plan drafting unit 33 includes an operation plan creation unit 42, a temperature prediction unit 43, and a plan evaluation unit 44.
- the operation plan creation means 42 creates various operation patterns that differ for each device that is a component of the air conditioning equipment 12.
- the temperature predicting unit 43 predicts a temporal change in the indoor temperature based on the given first temperature prediction data.
- the plan evaluation unit 44 determines whether or not the operation pattern created by the operation plan creation unit 42 satisfies the constraint condition set by the condition setting unit 31, calculates the value of the evaluation index, and calculates the calculated evaluation index. Based on the above, it is determined whether or not the operation plan to be finally output is set. Next, details of the temperature predicting means 43 will be described.
- the temperature predicting means 43 corresponds to the first temperature predicting means in the present invention.
- the temperature predicting means 43 predicts the time change of the room temperature during the planning target period using the operation pattern, weather data, and internal heat generation data as input data.
- the operation pattern is an operation pattern of the air conditioning equipment 12 during the planning period.
- the weather data is data including at least one of the outside air temperature and the amount of solar radiation.
- the internal heat generation data is heat generation data generated inside the building.
- the temperature prediction means 43 is mounted with a room temperature prediction model that models the thermal characteristics of a building that predicts the temporal change in indoor temperature.
- the room temperature prediction model is, for example, a mathematical model based on the heat conduction equations of the following expressions (1) to (3). By giving input data to such a heat conduction equation, the indoor temperature as an output can be obtained.
- Equations (1) to (3) Q S is the amount of solar radiation [kW]
- Q OCC is the amount of heat generated by the human body [kW]
- Q EQP is the amount of heat generated by the equipment [kW]
- Q HVAC is the amount of heat supplied by the air conditioner. [KW].
- T O is the outside air temperature [K]
- T 1 is the outside wall outside surface temperature [K]
- T 2 is the outside wall indoor surface temperature [K]
- TZ is the room temperature [K]
- T OZ is the adjacent zone. [K].
- R 1 is the outer wall outer surface thermal resistance [K / kW]
- R 2 is the outer wall thermal resistance [K / kW]
- R Z is the outer wall inner surface resistance [K / kW]
- R OZ is between the adjacent zones.
- R 3 is the thermal resistance in addition to the outer wall [K / kW].
- C 1 is the outer wall exterior side heat capacity [kJ / K]
- C 2 is the outer wall indoor heat capacity [kJ / K]
- C Z is the indoor heat capacity [kJ / K].
- ⁇ is the correction factor [ ⁇ ] of the amount of solar radiation that penetrates into the room
- ⁇ is the correction factor [ ⁇ ] of the amount of solar radiation that irradiates the outer wall
- ⁇ is the correction factor [ ⁇ ] of the device calorific value that affects the indoor temperature
- ⁇ is Correction coefficient [ ⁇ ] of the heat supply supplied to the air conditioner
- ⁇ is a correction coefficient [ ⁇ ] of the human body heat generation that affects the room temperature
- ⁇ is a correction coefficient [ ⁇ ] of the human body heat generation that affects the surface temperature inside the outer wall
- ⁇ is a correction coefficient [ ⁇ ] of the device heat generation amount that affects the surface temperature on the outer wall indoor side.
- the heat conduction equation includes unknown parameters such as thermal resistance, heat capacity, and correction coefficient, but these estimation methods are not particularly limited.
- the structural data of the building that is, the values calculated from the building data such as the wall material, wall thickness, wall area, and room size, are represented by the equations (1) to (3). It may be given to the conduction equation.
- the input / output relationship is derived as a black box model or gray box model based on the measurement data. May be.
- the room temperature prediction model is not necessarily a mathematical model based on the heat conduction equation.
- the model is not particularly limited as long as it is a model that can predict indoor temperature from available input data.
- the planning of the operation plan will be described on the premise of the functional configuration of the operation plan creation means 42, temperature prediction means 43, and plan evaluation means 44 described above.
- the time when the operation planning unit 33 makes an operation plan for the air conditioning equipment 12 is referred to as a planning time.
- the planning target period is one of various setting conditions set by the condition setting unit 31, and is targeted for the previous time compared to the planning time. Show.
- the predetermined calculation time described above is one of various setting conditions set by the condition setting unit 31, and the planning target period is started without affecting the measurement control of the air conditioning equipment 12. It is a time that has enough time to complete.
- the planning time is assumed to be 21 o'clock the day before the control is executed.
- the planning target period is assumed to be from 0:00 to 24:00 on the day of executing the control. That is, a case will be described in which an operation plan for the air conditioning facility 12 for the next day is prepared at 21:00 every day. It is not always necessary to make a plan on the previous day. If the time zone for actually controlling the air conditioning equipment 12 is, for example, 8:00 to 22:00, control is executed at the planning time. It may be 2:00 on the day of the night. That is, the planning of the operation plan is executed at every preset operation plan planning cycle, for example, every day, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- the operation plan is a plan value of a time-series control command corresponding to the air conditioning equipment 12.
- the items to be commanded differ depending on the equipment to be controlled. Moreover, it is good also as a different item according to a model with respect to the same kind of installation. For example, when the equipment to be controlled is the outdoor unit 12a, the compressor frequency [Hz] with a time increment of 5 minutes, and when the heater 12g, the ON state and the OFF state with a time step of 5 minutes It is an example of the item which each value state signal commands.
- the compressor frequency [Hz] and the binary state signal of the ON state and the OFF state are merely examples, and items to be commanded to the outdoor unit 12a include, for example, output [%], capability It may be a save rate [%] and other items. Further, items to be commanded to the heater 12g may be output [%] and other items. Further, when the control target equipment is the indoor unit 12b, there may be a set temperature as an example of the commanded item.
- time increment of the control command has been described as an example in increments of 5 minutes, in the actual operation, such as the processing capacity of the air conditioning controller 11, the processing capacity of the air conditioning control computer 15, and the number of control target facilities Depending on the system configuration and constraints, the time increment may be 10 minutes or 15 minutes, and is not limited to 5 minutes.
- the air conditioning control system 1 is mainly intended to perform energy saving control of the air conditioning equipment 12. Therefore, here, the most representative index is adopted as the evaluation index. Specifically, the air conditioning control system 1 adopts the power consumption amount as an evaluation index, and formulates an operation plan that minimizes the power consumption amount throughout the planning target period of the air conditioning facility 12.
- the comfortable temperature range set in advance is set by the condition setting unit 31.
- the set temperature ⁇ 1 [° C.] is assumed as a preset comfortable temperature range. It is determined by the plan evaluation means 44 based on the prediction result of the temperature prediction means 43 whether or not the operation plan satisfies such temperature restriction conditions related to temperature.
- the solution itself of the problem executed by the operation planning unit 33 is not particularly limited.
- the operation planning unit 33 may solve a problem that is converted into an optimization problem using a secondary planning problem or the like by generalizing the problem. Further, the operation planning unit 33 may solve using a specific solution limited to the target air conditioning control system 1. In any case, the operation planning unit 33 may solve the problem of minimizing the evaluation index under the constraint conditions described above.
- the operation plan correction unit 34 corrects the operation plan created by the operation plan planning unit 33 according to a preset correction rule when the control of the air conditioning equipment 12 is executed.
- the operation plan correction unit 34 includes a temperature error evaluation unit 46, a temperature prediction unit 47, a correction plan creation unit 48, and a correction plan evaluation unit 49.
- the temperature error evaluation means 46 evaluates an error between the predicted temperature that is the result of the operation planning unit 33 and the measurement data of the data measurement unit 35.
- the temperature predicting unit 47 predicts a temporal change in the indoor temperature based on the given second temperature prediction data.
- the correction plan evaluation means 49 creates various correction patterns for the operation plan of the air conditioning equipment 12.
- the correction plan evaluation means 49 determines whether or not the created correction pattern satisfies the constraint condition, calculates an evaluation index value, and finally outputs a correction plan based on the calculated evaluation index value It is determined whether or not to do.
- the temperature predicting means 47 corresponds to the second temperature predicting means in the present invention. Next, details of the temperature predicting means 47 will be described.
- the temperature prediction unit 47 may have the same functional configuration as the temperature prediction unit 43 or may have a different functional configuration.
- the change width of the output of the air conditioner necessary for changing the temperature by 1 [° C.] is determined from the characteristics of the air conditioner or the thermal resistance and heat capacity of the heat conduction equation described above, and the determined air conditioner The temperature may be simply predicted based on the change width of the output.
- the data measurement unit 35 measures the operation data of the air conditioning equipment 12 and supplies the measurement results to the thermal load prediction unit 32, the operation plan planning unit 33, the operation plan correction unit 34, and the like.
- the data measuring unit 35 also supplies the measurement results to the temperature predicting unit 43 of the operation plan planning unit 33 and the temperature predicting unit 47 of the operation plan correcting unit 34.
- the data measurement unit 35 may measure various data necessary for the thermal load prediction model mounted on the thermal load prediction unit 32 and supply the measurement result to the thermal load prediction unit 32. Further, the data measuring unit 35 measures various data necessary for the room temperature prediction model mounted on each of the temperature prediction unit 43 and the temperature prediction unit 47, and the measurement result is each of the temperature prediction unit 43 and the temperature prediction unit 47. May be supplied.
- the data measuring unit 35 is set independently of the air conditioning equipment 12 such as an indoor temperature sensor, an indoor humidity sensor, an indoor CO 2 concentration sensor, an outside air temperature sensor, and a solar radiation sensor, if necessary.
- the air conditioning equipment 12 such as an indoor temperature sensor, an indoor humidity sensor, an indoor CO 2 concentration sensor, an outside air temperature sensor, and a solar radiation sensor, if necessary.
- Various data may be measured from the sensor 19.
- the data measurement unit 35 performs measurement at a preset period, for example, a data measurement period.
- the data measurement cycle is, for example, a 5-minute cycle.
- Control command part 36 The control command unit 36 transmits a control command that is an operation plan corrected by the operation plan correction unit 34 to the air conditioning equipment 12 at a preset cycle, for example, a control command execution cycle.
- the control command execution cycle is, for example, a 5-minute cycle.
- the correction of the operation plan is executed at a preset operation plan correction cycle, for example, a 30-minute cycle. Specifically, the operation plan is corrected at 25 minutes and 55 minutes every hour.
- the correction target period of the operation plan will be described as 2 hours, for example.
- correction of the operation plan from 10:00 to 12:00 is executed at 9:55.
- the operation plan from 10:00 to 12:00 may be the plan prepared on the previous day, or the operation executed at 9:25 at the time of the previous correction, that is, 9:30 to 11:30. It may be a plan correction result.
- the corrected operation plan is also simply referred to as an operation plan.
- the operation plan correction period of 30 minutes and the operation plan correction target period of 2 hours are merely examples, and are not particularly limited thereto.
- the operation plan correction cycle may be a 15 minute cycle.
- the condition setting unit 31 may set a criterion for determining whether or not to execute correction, and the correction may be executed only when necessary based on the set criterion.
- the temperature corresponding to one time or a plurality of times included in the correction target period is predicted in addition to the constraint condition when the operation plan is made, as predicted when the operation plan is made. Whether the temperature corresponds to the time and whether it is within a preset difference range is set as a constraint. That is, whether or not the temperature corresponding to one time or a plurality of times included in the correction target period is within the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the temperature corresponding to the same time predicted when the operation plan is made is set as a constraint condition. .
- the operation in the correction target period is performed so that the preset evaluation index is minimized or maximized within the preset target setting range within the preset calculation time. Correct the plan.
- the temperature data measured by the data measuring unit 35 is used as the temperature at the time of executing the correction.
- the temperature data may be, for example, a measurement value of a temperature sensor provided in the indoor unit 12b among the components of the air conditioning equipment 12.
- the data measured by the temperature sensor provided in the indoor unit 12b is, for example, the suction temperature of the indoor unit 12b.
- the temperature data may be a measurement value of a sensor 19 installed indoors separately from the air conditioning equipment 12.
- the preset evaluation index is the same as when the operation plan was formulated.
- the target period is the plan target period
- the target period is the correction target period. This is different from when an operation plan is made.
- the operation plan correction unit 34 performs correction so as to minimize the power consumption amount in the correction target period.
- amendment part 34 about the calculation time set beforehand, as above-mentioned, as an execution time, for example in the case of 25 minutes and 55 minutes per hour, within 5 minutes is assumed. Yes.
- various setting conditions of the condition setting unit 31 may be changed according to the time required.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of various setting conditions in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- various conditions for example, evaluation indexes and constraint conditions set by the condition setting unit 31 are supplied to the operation plan planning unit 33 and the operation plan correction unit 34, respectively.
- the evaluation index is, for example, power consumption.
- the constraint condition is, for example, a temperature constraint condition.
- As the temperature constraint condition for example, a comfortable temperature range and an allowable temperature fluctuation range are set.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a spatial variation state at room temperature according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example of a temporal variation state of the room temperature in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the predicted temperature changes within the range of the constraints, but does not necessarily follow the set temperature. This is because in the operation plan prepared by the operation plan planning unit 33, the heat load to be processed temporally and spatially is dispersed in order to efficiently process the heat load.
- the meaning of distributing the heat load over time will be described.
- the outdoor unit 12a is caused not to process the heat load generated at each time only at that time, but to shift the heat load slightly before and after the heat load.
- the operation of processing the thermal load by distributing it at a plurality of target times instead of processing the thermal load at one target time means that the thermal load is distributed over time.
- the outdoor unit 12a can be operated at an efficient point. As a result, the room temperature varies with time.
- a range assigned to each of the plurality of outdoor units 12a will be described as one zone. That is, it is assumed that there are as many zones as the number of outdoor units 12a.
- the zone dividing method is not limited to such a method.
- the room temperature varies spatially.
- zone # 2 is adjacent to zone # 1, zone # 3, and zone # 5. That is, the adjacent zones of zone # 2 are zone # 1, zone # 3, and zone # 5.
- the room temperature fluctuation curve 63 for each zone the room temperature differs in each zone, that is, spatial variation occurs, but the room temperature of each zone changes within the range of the constraint condition 71 which is the comfortable temperature range. Yes. Therefore, the constraint condition 71 is satisfied in all zones.
- the operation plan is corrected so as to follow the variation state at the time of the operation plan formulation.
- the room temperature at the current time be a point A.
- the point A coincides with the set temperature, and it is not necessary to correct the operation plan from the normal viewpoint.
- the operation plan is corrected assuming that the correction target period is from the current time to the time 2 hours later.
- the predicted temperature obtained as a result of the correction after 1 hour and after 2 hours is within the range of a preset difference as compared with the predicted temperature at the time of operation planning.
- the restriction is that the predicted temperature obtained as a result of the correction satisfies the constraint condition 72 that is the allowable temperature fluctuation range as compared with the predicted temperature at the time of the operation planning.
- a predicted temperature corresponding to one hour after the time at the time of operation planning is point B
- a predicted temperature corresponding to two hours after the time at the time of operation planning is point C.
- point B is 26.5 [° C.]
- point C is 27.1 [° C.].
- the preset difference is set to 0.2 [° C.]
- the allowable temperature fluctuation range is set to 0.4 [° C.], 26.3 to 26.7 [° C.] at point B in the correction of the operation plan.
- the amount of power consumed in the two hours is minimized while the point C falls within the range of 26.9 to 27.3 [° C.].
- a precooling operation or a preheating operation will be described as an example.
- one of the time zones when the outdoor unit 12a is operating inefficiently is the morning work hours zone.
- Pre-cooling operation refers to cooling in advance before the morning work hours, and the outdoor unit 12a is operated at an efficient intermediate output and at an efficient low outdoor temperature. Energy saving can be realized.
- the operation planning unit 33 the operation of such an air conditioner is planned.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a control example of the air conditioning control system 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the operation plan preparation process is mainly composed of a condition setting process, a heat load prediction process, and an operation plan planning process, and is an operation executed prior to the control execution of the air conditioning equipment 12. For example, it is executed once a day the day before the control of the air conditioning equipment 12 is executed. That is, in this case, the operation planning period is one day. That is, the operation plan preparation process is executed every operation plan formulation cycle, that is, every day on the day before the control.
- the operation plan correction process is a process executed after the operation plan preparation process, and is executed every operation plan correction period, for example, every 30 minutes on the control day.
- the data measurement process is executed every data measurement cycle, for example, every 5 minutes on the control day.
- the control command process is executed every control command execution cycle, for example, every 5 minutes on the control day. That is, each of the operation plan preparation process, the operation plan correction process, the data measurement process, and the control command process is a process that is executed in parallel for each preset period. It is not necessary to execute in parallel.
- the operation plan preparation process, the data measurement process, the operation plan correction process, and the control command process may be sequentially performed.
- Step S11 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not it is the operation planning period. The air-conditioning control system 1 returns to step S11 when it is not the operation planning period. On the other hand, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S12 when the operation planning period is reached.
- Step S12 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the planning flag to 0.
- the air conditioning control system 1 sets various conditions. Specifically, the air conditioning control system 1 sets various conditions necessary for the heat load prediction process in step S14 and the operation plan planning process in steps S15 to S17. Such various conditions are, for example, a predicted value of the outside air temperature, a predicted value of the amount of solar radiation, a predicted value of the internal heat generation amount, a set temperature, and the like.
- the method for setting each predicted value is not particularly limited.
- the predicted value of the outside air temperature and the predicted value of the solar radiation amount may be set based on weather data obtained via the Internet.
- As the predicted value of the internal heat generation amount a standard internal heat generation amount pattern for weekdays and holidays may be set in advance.
- Various necessary conditions are generally different between the thermal load prediction process and the operation planning process.
- the air conditioning control system 1 predicts the heat load based on the set various conditions. Specifically, the air-conditioning control system 1 is a future time compared to the time when the condition setting process, the thermal load prediction process, and the operation planning process are executed according to various conditions set in the condition setting process. In a certain period, for example, a thermal load at a predetermined time interval in the planning target period is predicted. More specifically, the plan target period is set to 2:00 to 24:00 on the next day, and the predicted value of the outside air temperature, the predicted value of the solar radiation amount, the predicted value of the internal heating value, and the set temperature set in the condition setting process are set.
- the amount of heat supplied to the air conditioner every 5 minutes necessary to satisfy the set temperature is output.
- air-conditioner supply heat amount here, as operation
- it is supply heat amount in the case of heating, and is removal heat amount in the case of cooling.
- the removal heat amount may be considered as a negative supply heat amount, it will be described as a supply heat amount in a unified manner.
- the heat load is obtained by reversing the sign of the amount of heat supplied from the air conditioner.
- the air conditioning control system 1 makes an operation plan based on the predicted thermal load, the constraint condition, and the evaluation index.
- the operation plan is, for example, a command value such as a compressor frequency or a capacity saving rate every 5 minutes corresponding to the outdoor unit 12a. Since the air conditioner 12 is usually composed of a plurality of types and a plurality of devices, among the various operation patterns of each device, the evaluation index such as power consumption is minimized while satisfying the constraint conditions. A proper operation plan. Depending on the evaluation index, for example, in the case of comfort, an operation plan that maximizes is created.
- the air conditioning control system 1 predicts the room temperature based on various set conditions and a planned operation plan. Specifically, the air conditioning control system 1 predicts the indoor temperature at a preset time interval in the planning target period. More specifically, the air-conditioning control system 1 sets the planning target period from 0:00 to 24:00 on the next day, the predicted value of the outside air temperature, the predicted value of the solar radiation amount, and the predicted value of the internal heating value set in the condition setting process. The value and the operation plan of the air conditioner 12 are input, and a predicted value of the indoor temperature in units of 5 minutes is output.
- Step S17 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the planning flag to 1, and returns to step S11.
- the planning flag is set to 1, it is assumed that the planned operation plan is output to the operation plan correction unit 34.
- Step S41 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not it is the operation plan correction cycle. If the air conditioning control system 1 is in the operation plan correction cycle, the process proceeds to step S42. On the other hand, if it is not the operation plan correction cycle, the air conditioning control system 1 returns to step S41.
- Step S42 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether a measurement result has been received. When the air conditioning control system 1 receives the measurement result, the process proceeds to step S43. On the other hand, the air conditioning control system 1 returns to step S42, when not receiving a measurement result.
- the data measurement process and the operation plan correction process are executed in parallel, it is determined in step S42 that the data has been received and the process proceeds to step S43. In this case, the correction after step S43 is performed using the measurement result received immediately before.
- Step S43 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not the planning flag is 1. If the planning flag is 1, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S44. On the other hand, if the planning flag is not 1, the air conditioning control system 1 returns to step S41. However, this planning flag is a planning flag for the day of control execution, and is different from the planning flag for the next day set during the operation plan planning at 21:00 on the previous day.
- Step S44 The air-conditioning control system 1 corrects the operation plan so as to minimize the evaluation index within the target setting range set in advance while satisfying the constraint condition based on the room temperature predicted in the operation plan planning process and the measured room temperature. To do.
- Step S45 The air conditioning control system 1 predicts the room temperature based on the set various conditions and the corrected operation plan. Then, the process returns to step S41.
- Step S61 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not it is a data measurement cycle. If it is the data measurement cycle, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S62. On the other hand, if it is not the data measurement cycle, the air conditioning control system 1 returns to step S61.
- Step S62 The air conditioning control system 1 measures data.
- Step S63 The air conditioning control system 1 transmits the measurement result and returns to step S61.
- Step S71 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not it is a control command execution cycle. If it is the control command execution cycle, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S72. On the other hand, if it is not the control command execution cycle, the air conditioning control system 1 returns to step S71.
- Step S72 The air conditioning control system 1 transmits a control command value to the air conditioning equipment 12 based on the corrected operation plan, and returns to step S71.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example in which an operation plan is tried by including the power consumption amount in the evaluation index according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which power consumption is adopted as an evaluation index, and various operation plans are tried as a problem of minimizing power consumption.
- the horizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicates power.
- a region surrounded by a broken line indicates a case where the power consumption is medium.
- a region surrounded by a solid line indicates a case where the power consumption is small.
- effect The situation at the time of control execution while following the operation plan of the air conditioner 12 that maximizes or minimizes the evaluation index made at the time of the operation plan by correcting the operation plan with the operation of the example described above. Since the control of the air conditioning equipment 12 that maximizes or minimizes the evaluation index can be executed according to the change in the energy consumption, energy saving can be realized while maintaining comfort.
- the temporal change in the amount of heat processed by the air conditioning equipment 12 is predicted based on the given heat load prediction data.
- the heat load predicting unit 32 and the total processing heat load are within the same or a predetermined amount of difference range and the room temperature is maintained within the predetermined comfortable temperature range.
- an operation plan planning unit 33 for planning an air conditioner 12 operation plan in advance during the air conditioning operation plan target period, and the air conditioner in the operation plan 12 an operation plan correction unit 34 that corrects the operation plan at a predetermined cycle and a temperature sensor that measures the indoor temperature are provided.
- the unit 34 includes temperature prediction means 43 that predicts a temporal change in the indoor temperature based on the given temperature prediction data.
- the operation plan correction unit 34 uses the measured temperature measured by the temperature sensor as the operation plan.
- the predicted temperature is different from the predicted temperature by the operation planning unit 33 that is predicted at the time of planning, the time change of the room temperature in the correction target period, which is the correction period, is predicted in the planning target period, and one or more in the correction target period
- the second constraint is that the error between the predicted temperature predicted by the operation plan correction unit 34 and the predicted temperature predicted by the operation plan planning unit 33 falls within a predetermined allowable fluctuation range at the time of
- the air conditioning control system 1 that corrects the operation plan is configured so as to be minimized under the first constraint condition.
- the operation plan prepared in advance can be corrected appropriately according to the situation at the time of execution, so that the indoor temperature or humidity can be maintained comfortably and energy saving can be improved. There is a remarkable effect that is not found in the past.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example in which the running cost in Embodiment 2 of the present invention is included in the evaluation index.
- the running cost set by the condition setting unit 31 is supplied to each of the operation plan planning unit 33 and the operation plan correction unit 34 as an evaluation index.
- the condition setting unit 31 may set a power charge for each time zone.
- the evaluation index J shown in the equation (4) that combines the power consumption and running cost with the degree of deviation of the room temperature from the set temperature and the time change rate of the room temperature is It may be set.
- J1 is the power consumption over the entire planning target period in the air conditioning equipment 12
- J2 is the running cost over the entire planning target period in the air conditioning equipment 12
- J3 is the root mean square value of the degree of deviation of the room temperature from the set temperature
- J4 is the mean square value of the rate of time change at room temperature
- ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are weighting factors.
- J3 and J4 it is not necessary to incorporate the mean square value into the evaluation index.
- J3 may be an evaluation index that also considers the maximum absolute value of the deviation degree.
- J4 may be an evaluation index that also considers the maximum absolute value of the time change rate.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the power consumption, the running cost, the degree of deviation of the room temperature from the set temperature, and the time change rate of the room temperature are included in the evaluation index according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the power consumption amount, running cost, degree of deviation of room temperature from the set temperature, and time change rate of room temperature as the evaluation index are the operation plan planning unit 33 and the operation plan. It is supplied to each of the correction units 34.
- the operation plan correction unit 34 may be an operation in which the plan target period described above is replaced with the correction target period.
- the temperature-related restriction condition is that the temperature is maintained within a preset comfortable temperature range.
- the time change rate of the temperature is within a preset temperature change rate. Maintaining may be added to the constraints. That is, the restriction condition may be that the time change rate of the temperature does not exceed the upper limit value of the temperature change rate.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the temperature-related condition in the second embodiment of the present invention is included in the constraint condition. As shown in FIG. 11, the upper limit value of the time change rate of temperature is added to a new temperature constraint condition.
- a restriction such as 0.2 [° C / 5 minutes or less] is set for the time change rate of temperature. With such a restriction, it is possible to avoid control of the air conditioning equipment 12 accompanied by a rapid temperature change, and comfort is further improved.
- the operation pattern that minimizes the power consumption is the operation plan.
- a predetermined weight is given to the deviation amount from the constraint conditions.
- the deviation amount from the constraint condition is multiplied by a predetermined weight, and the result obtained by adding the multiplication result and the evaluation index is redefined as an evaluation index. It supplies to each of the part 33 and the driving
- Embodiment 3 (Demand response)
- peak power reduction that is, peak cut
- the target value of peak power corresponding to the first period may be referred to as first target power.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of various setting conditions according to the third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, in the temperature constraint condition, a first comfortable temperature range corresponding to the first period and a second comfortable temperature range corresponding to the second period are set. Further, in the power constraint condition, a first peak power upper limit value corresponding to the first period and a second peak power upper limit value corresponding to the second period are set.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of an operation plan assuming reduction of peak power in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an example assuming that a peak cut under the condition that the first period is 13:00 to 16:00 and the first target power is 100 kW is required. Hereinafter, this condition will be described as an example.
- the condition setting unit 31 sets the peak cut as one of the constraint conditions. That is, the peak power from 13:00 to 16:00 is set to 100 kW. However, the first period, which is the peak cut time zone, and the maximum power can be arbitrarily set.
- the operation plan drafting unit 33 drafts an operation plan for the air conditioning equipment 12 under the constraint conditions described above.
- the operation planning unit 33 tries to make a plan so that the room temperature maintains the comfortable temperature range.
- a case where there is no operation pattern that satisfies the constraint condition is assumed.
- Such a situation can be dealt with by assigning an operation pattern by applying a constraint condition that allows deviation from the constraint condition among the various constraint conditions described in the second embodiment.
- simply allowing such an operation pattern may cause the room temperature to greatly deviate from the comfortable temperature range during the first period.
- a comfortable temperature range corresponding to the past period that is, the second period, which is the previous period
- the comfortable temperature range corresponding to the first period is set to 26 to 28 [° C.]
- the comfortable temperature range corresponding to the second period is set to 25 to 27 [° C.].
- the increment of the evaluation index regarding the deviation amount of the constraint condition on the evaluation index may be set to zero.
- the setting of the length of the second period and the comfortable temperature range may be set manually by the building manager, or may be automatically determined by the operation planning unit 33.
- FIG. 15 is a control example of the air-conditioning control system 1 that determines a part of the comfortable temperature range and the period of the part of the comfortable temperature range in the operation plan assuming the reduction of the peak power in the third embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart explaining these. Here, the operation plan is drawn on the assumption that the second period is not initially set.
- Step S91 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not it is the operation planning period. If the air conditioning control system 1 is in the operation planning period, the process proceeds to step S92. On the other hand, the air conditioning control system 1 returns to step S91, when it is not an operation planning period.
- Step S92 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the planning flag to 0.
- Step S93 The air conditioning control system 1 sets various conditions.
- Step S94 The air conditioning control system 1 predicts the heat load based on the set various conditions.
- the air conditioning control system 1 makes an operation plan based on the predicted heat load, the constraint conditions, and the evaluation index.
- Step S96 The air conditioning control system 1 predicts the room temperature based on various set conditions and a planned operation plan.
- Step S97 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether the predicted room temperature has deviated from the first comfortable temperature range. If the predicted room temperature deviates from the first comfortable temperature range, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S98. On the other hand, if the predicted room temperature does not deviate from the first comfortable temperature range, the air conditioning control system 1 ends the process.
- Step S98 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the temperature flag to 1.
- Step S99 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the time flag to 1.
- Step S100 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the second period to ⁇ minutes and adds it to the constraint condition.
- the ⁇ component is, for example, 30 minutes.
- Step S101 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not the time flag is 0. If the time flag is 0, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S103. On the other hand, if the time flag is not 0, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S102.
- Step S102 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the second comfortable temperature range to the first comfortable temperature range ⁇ ° C. and adds it to the constraint condition.
- ⁇ [° C.] is, for example, 0.5 [° C.].
- Step S103 The air conditioning control system 1 re-plans the operation plan based on the predicted heat load, the constraint condition, and the evaluation index.
- Step S104 The air conditioning control system 1 predicts the room temperature based on the set various conditions and the re-planned operation plan.
- Step S105 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether the predicted room temperature has deviated from the first comfortable temperature range. When the predicted room temperature deviates from the first comfortable temperature range, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S106. On the other hand, if the predicted room temperature does not deviate from the first comfortable temperature range, the air conditioning control system 1 ends the process.
- Step S106 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not the temperature flag is 0. If the temperature flag is 0, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S110. On the other hand, if the temperature flag is not 0, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S107.
- Step S107 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the time flag to 1.
- Step S108 The air conditioning control system 1 sets ⁇ to ⁇ a preset temperature reduction range.
- the newly set ⁇ is, for example, a value that is lowered by 1 [° C.] from the temperature range corresponding to the first period. That is, in this case, as compared with the process of step S102, the preset temperature decrease range is an example in which 0.5 [° C.] is set.
- Step S109 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the temperature flag to 0 and returns to step S102.
- Step S110 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not the time flag is 0. If the time flag is 0, the air conditioning control system 1 returns to step S103. On the other hand, if the time flag is not 0, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S111.
- Step S111 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the temperature flag to 1.
- Step S112 The air conditioning control system 1 sets ⁇ to ⁇ a preset time increment, and proceeds to step S113.
- the newly set ⁇ is, for example, 1 hour. That is, in this case, as compared with the process of step S100, the preset time increment is set to 30 minutes.
- Step S113 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the time flag to 0, and returns to step S100.
- the operation plan correction unit 34 may correct the operation plan prepared as described above by the method described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment. As described in the first embodiment, since the correction is performed so that the predicted temperature at the time of planning is followed at one time or a plurality of times of the correction target period, the pre-cooling before the peak cut executed in the second period is surely performed. Can be executed.
- the operation plan correction unit 34 may change the set temperature corresponding to the second period.
- the upper limit value of electric power was not provided outside the first period
- the target electric power corresponding to the period other than the first period is set so that the power consumption does not increase extremely even outside the first period.
- a second target power may be provided, and an operation plan may be drafted and corrected.
- movement corresponding to a peak cut was demonstrated, for example, when it is known beforehand that the electric power charge of a specific time slot
- an operation plan may be drawn for the previous day for each of them, and the most appropriate operation plan may be selected and corrected on the day according to the peak cut situation. For example, no peak cut as case 0, 100 kW from 13:00 to 16:00 as case 1, 80 kW from 13:00 to 16:00 as case 2, 100 kW from 13:00 to 15:00 as case 3 If the peak cut is not necessary, select case 0. If the peak cut is necessary, select either case 1 to case 3 according to the situation at that time. It is sufficient to correct the operation plan.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the air-conditioning control system 1 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the air conditioning control system 1 further includes at least one of a humidity predicting unit 91 and a CO 2 concentration predicting unit 92 in the operation planning unit 33.
- the air conditioning control system 1 further includes at least one or more of a humidity prediction unit 101 and a CO 2 concentration prediction unit 102 in the operation plan correction unit 34.
- each of the humidity predicting unit 91 and the humidity predicting unit 101 is mounted with a humidity prediction model that takes into account the humidity of the outside air or the generation of moisture released from the human body, etc., based on the given humidity prediction data, Predict the time change of indoor humidity.
- Each of the CO 2 concentration prediction means 92 and the CO 2 concentration prediction means 102 is provided with a CO 2 concentration prediction model that takes into account ventilation with the outside air or generation of CO 2 released from the human body, etc. Based on the CO 2 concentration prediction data, the temporal change in the indoor CO 2 concentration is predicted.
- the evaluation index J in the operation plan planning unit 33 and the operation plan correction unit 34 is expanded as the following formula (5), and the evaluation index considering the humidity or the CO 2 concentration is derived.
- J1 is the power consumption over the entire planning period of the air conditioning equipment 12
- J2 is the running cost over the entire planning period of the air conditioning equipment 12
- J3 is the root mean square value of the degree of deviation of the room temperature from the set temperature
- J4 is the mean square value of the time change rate of the indoor temperature
- J5 is the mean square value of the degree of deviation of the humidity from the set humidity
- J6 is the mean square value of the time change rate of the humidity
- J7 is the set CO 2 concentration.
- J8 is the mean square value of the time change rate of the CO 2 concentration
- ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 8 are the respective weighting factors.
- J3 may be an evaluation index that also considers the maximum absolute value of the deviation degree
- J4 may be an evaluation index that also considers the absolute value of the time change rate.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a detailed example of the evaluation index among various setting conditions according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, an evaluation index related to humidity and an evaluation index related to CO 2 concentration are added.
- the constraint condition related to the humidity and the CO 2 concentration may be added.
- a constraint condition a first condition for maintaining the indoor temperature within a preset comfortable temperature range in the planning target period, and a temperature in which the time change rate of the indoor temperature in the planning target period is set in advance.
- the second condition to be maintained within the rate of change, the third condition to maintain the indoor humidity within the preset comfortable humidity range during the planning period, and the time rate of change of the indoor humidity during the planning period are preset.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a detailed example of constraint conditions among various setting conditions according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 18, in addition to the temperature constraint condition, a humidity constraint condition, a temperature / humidity constraint condition, and a CO 2 concentration constraint condition are added. An example of the comfortable temperature / humidity range is PMV (Predicted Mean Vote). Further, the first condition to the seventh condition may be combined to provide a constraint condition that satisfies the comfort defined by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers).
- ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers
- Embodiment 5 In the first embodiment, the temporal variation in room temperature and the spatial variation in room temperature have been described. Such a variation is caused not by operating the air conditioner so that the room temperature becomes constant at the set temperature but by allowing the room temperature to change within a certain comfortable temperature range as a constraint.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating general characteristics of the air conditioner.
- FIG. 19 is a graph of air conditioning efficiency (COP: Coefficient of Performance) against the output of the air conditioner.
- COP represents the ratio of output (processed heat kW) to input (electric power kW) to the air conditioner.
- COP represents the ratio of output (processed heat kW) to input (electric power kW) to the air conditioner.
- an air conditioner has a characteristic that efficiency is low in a range of low output and high output. In the example shown in FIG. 19, 60% of the rated output is the most efficient characteristic.
- the temporal dispersion of the treatment heat load and the spatial dispersion of the treatment heat load are treatments utilizing such characteristics of the air conditioner.
- temporal dispersion of processing heat load At least a part of the heat load in any time zone in the planning target period of the air conditioning operation is processed in another time zone.
- the system has a temperature prediction model based on the heat conduction equation, such a system can predict a time variation of room temperature. Therefore, such a system can make an operation plan based on processing based on temporal dispersion while maintaining a comfortable temperature range.
- the output in one time zone is shifted to an output with high air conditioning efficiency, and the output in another time zone is changed accordingly.
- the output for maintaining the set temperature in a certain time zone is lower than 60%, for example, the output is shifted in the increasing direction. Instead, the output is shifted downward in any other time zone.
- a shift in the lowering direction includes at least one of a case where the air conditioning efficiency is high and a case where the air conditioning efficiency is low. Either may be sufficient.
- the output for maintaining the set temperature in a certain time zone is higher than 60%, for example, the output is shifted in the direction of decreasing. Instead, the output is shifted in the direction of increasing the output at any other time.
- a shift in the increasing direction includes at least one of a case where the air conditioning efficiency is high and a case where the air conditioning efficiency is low. Either may be sufficient.
- the output is balanced, and if the air conditioning efficiency is set to be high in at least one of the shifts, Energy consumption is reduced while the total amount of heat processed is equal.
- the output of one zone is shifted to an output with high air conditioning efficiency, and the output of another adjacent zone is changed accordingly.
- the output for maintaining the set temperature in a certain zone is lower than 60%, for example, the output is shifted in the increasing direction. Instead, the output is shifted downward in any of the other zones.
- a shift in the lowering direction includes at least one of a case where the air conditioning efficiency is high and a case where the air conditioning efficiency is low. Either may be sufficient.
- the output for maintaining the set temperature in a certain zone is higher than 60%, for example, the output is shifted in the direction of decreasing. Instead, the output is shifted in one of the other zones.
- a shift in the increasing direction includes at least one of a case where the air conditioning efficiency is high and a case where the air conditioning efficiency is low. Either may be sufficient.
- the output is balanced, and if the air conditioning efficiency is set to be high in at least one of the shifts, Energy consumption is reduced while the total amount of heat processed is equal.
- the processing heat amount changing operation is different for each segment such as a time zone and a zone.
- the air conditioning control system 1 operates to increase the air conditioning efficiency as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the first partition, as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the second partition different from the first partition.
- the operation of canceling the change in the amount of heat processed in the first segment is performed.
- the air conditioning control system 1 selects the operation for increasing the output to increase the air conditioning efficiency as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the time zone N, the output is reduced as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the time zone M. Select an action.
- the air conditioning control system 1 selects the operation for decreasing the output to increase the air conditioning efficiency as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the time zone N, the air conditioning control system 1 increases the output as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the time zone M. Select an action.
- the air conditioning control system 1 selects the operation to increase the output in order to increase the air conditioning efficiency as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the zone A
- the output is output as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the adjacent zone of the zone A. Select the action to lower.
- the air conditioning control system 1 selects the operation for decreasing the output in order to increase the air conditioning efficiency as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the zone A
- the output is output as the processing heat amount changing operation corresponding to the adjacent zone of the zone A. Select the action to raise.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of an operation plan according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is an example of an internal functional configuration of the operation plan creation means 42.
- the air conditioning operation plan is referred to as a schedule.
- the distribution method selection unit 141 selects one of creation of a schedule for processing temporal dispersion of the processing heat load and creation of a schedule for processing spatial dispersion of the processing heat load. In the process of creating a schedule, generally, the distribution method selection unit 141 creates a plurality of schedules as final schedule candidates. In creating a plurality of schedules, there is no particular limitation on a method for selecting which one of temporal dispersion and spatial dispersion is performed.
- temporal dispersion and spatial dispersion may be selected cyclically in order.
- the higher reduction effect of the power consumption reduction effect or the running cost reduction effect may be preferentially selected.
- the one that has a probabilistic reduction effect may be selected. That is, any one may be selected alternatively.
- the temporal dispersion schedule creation unit 142a creates a schedule for processing temporal dispersion of the processing heat load.
- the temporal distribution schedule creation unit 142a includes a zone selection unit 142a1, a distribution source time zone selection unit 142a2, a thermal load change amount determination unit 142a3, a distribution destination time zone selection unit 142a4, and a temporal distribution schedule determination unit 142a5. Is composed of.
- the zone selection unit 142a1 selects a zone for performing temporal dispersion of the processing heat load.
- the zone selection unit 142a1 selects a zone having the lowest average air conditioning efficiency in the entire planning target period, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- the zone selection unit 142a1 may select a zone to which an air conditioner having the lowest air conditioning efficiency is assigned through all time zones and all zones.
- the zone selection part 142a1 may select each zone cyclically in order, when selecting a zone in multiple times.
- the zone selection part 142a1 may select a zone stochastically regardless of the air conditioning efficiency. That is, any one of the zones may be selected alternatively.
- the distribution source time zone selection unit 142a2 selects the time zone from which the processing heat load is distributed in the zone selected by the zone selection unit 142a1.
- the distribution source time zone selection unit 142a2 divides the planning target period in units of, for example, 5 minutes, and the air conditioner to which this zone is allocated among the divided time zones operates with the worst efficiency.
- the present invention is not particularly limited to this.
- the source time zone selection unit 142a2 may select a plurality of time zones during which the air conditioning efficiency is poor and select a time zone stochastically from the plurality of time zones. That is, any time zone may be selected alternatively.
- the heat load change amount determination unit 142a3 is the heat load change amount in the time zone selected by the distribution source time zone selection unit 142a2 in the zone selected by the zone selection unit 142a1, that is, the amount of heat load to be dispersed in time. To decide. As a determination method, for example, the heat load change amount determination unit 142a3 may determine the heat load change amount to the change amount until the air conditioning efficiency becomes the maximum output, but is not particularly limited thereto. For example, the heat load change amount determination unit 142a3 may determine the heat load change amount as a preset change amount. Further, the thermal load change amount determination unit 142a3 may determine an amount obtained by multiplying a preset change amount by a probabilistic coefficient as the thermal load change amount. Further, the heat load change amount determination unit 142a3 may determine the heat load change amount by estimating the change amount capable of maintaining the comfortable temperature range from the parameters of the heat load prediction model or the temperature prediction model.
- the distribution destination time zone selection unit 142a4 selects the time zone of the processing heat load distribution destination in the zone selected by the zone selection unit 142a1.
- the distribution destination time zone selection unit 142a4 divides the planning target period into, for example, increments of 5 minutes, and the air conditioner to which this zone is assigned has the highest air conditioning efficiency among the divided time zones. You may select the time zone which is carrying out bad driving, but it is not limited to this especially.
- the distribution destination time zone selection unit 142a4 may select a plurality of time zones during which the air conditioning efficiency is poor and select a time zone stochastically from the plurality of time zones. Further, the distribution destination time zone selection unit 142a4 may select a time zone stochastically from all the time zones.
- the distribution destination time zone selection unit 142a4 sets the air conditioner operating at an output higher than the maximum air conditioning efficiency.
- the assigned time zone is preferentially selected, and if it is negative, the time zone assigned to the air conditioner operating at an output lower than the maximum air conditioning efficiency may be preferentially selected. . That is, any time zone may be selected alternatively.
- the temporal distribution schedule determination unit 142a5 first recalculates the thermal load in the planning target period after distributing the thermal load with each function described above. That is, when the thermal load change amount determined by the thermal load change amount determination unit 142a3 is a positive value, the temporal distribution schedule determination unit 142a5 has the heat load in the distribution source time zone in the zone selected by the zone selection unit 142a1. Is increased by the heat load change amount, and the heat load in the distribution destination time zone is decreased by the heat load change amount.
- the temporal distribution schedule determination unit 142a5 has the heat load in the distribution source time zone in the zone selected by the zone selection unit 142a1. Is reduced by the heat load change amount, and the heat load in the distribution destination time zone is increased by the heat load change amount.
- the temporal dispersion schedule determination unit 142a5 obtains the air conditioning operation for processing the heat load recalculated as described above, and determines a temporary schedule based on the temporal dispersion.
- the spatial dispersion schedule creation unit 142b creates a schedule for performing spatial dispersion of the processing heat load.
- the spatial distribution schedule creation unit 142b includes a time zone selection unit 142b1, a distribution source zone selection unit 142b2, a thermal load change amount determination unit 142b3, a distribution destination zone selection unit 142b4, a spatial distribution schedule determination unit 142b5, Consists of
- the time zone selection unit 142b1 selects a time zone for performing spatial dispersion of the processing heat load.
- the time zone selection unit 142b1 may select a time zone in which the total average air conditioning efficiency of all zones is the worst, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- the time zone selection unit 142b1 may select a time zone in which an air conditioner having the lowest air conditioning efficiency exists in all time zones and all zones.
- zone selection part 142b1 may select each time slot
- the time zone selection unit 142b1 may select the time zone stochastically regardless of the air conditioning efficiency. That is, any time zone may be selected alternatively.
- the distribution source zone selection unit 142b2 selects the distribution source zone of the processing heat load in the time zone selected by the time zone selection unit 142b1.
- the distribution source zone selection unit 142b2 selects a zone in which the air conditioner is operating with the lowest air conditioning efficiency, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- the distribution source zone selection unit 142b2 may select a plurality of zones that are operating with poor air conditioning efficiency, and may select the zones stochastically from the plurality of zones. Further, the distribution source zone selection unit 142b2 may select a zone stochastically from all the zones. That is, any one of the zones may be selected alternatively.
- the thermal load change amount determination unit 142b3 is a thermal load change amount corresponding to the zone selected by the distribution source zone selection unit 142b2 in the time zone selected by the time zone selection unit 142b1, that is, the thermal load to be spatially dispersed. Determine the amount.
- the heat load change amount determination unit 142b3 determines the heat load change amount as the change amount until the air conditioning efficiency becomes the maximum output, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- the heat load change amount determination unit 142b3 may determine the heat load change amount as a preset change amount. Further, the heat load change amount determination unit 142b3 may determine an amount obtained by multiplying a preset change amount by a probabilistic coefficient as the heat load change amount. Further, the heat load change amount determination unit 142b3 may determine the heat load change amount by estimating a change amount capable of maintaining the comfortable temperature range from the parameters of the heat load prediction model or the temperature prediction model.
- the distribution destination zone selection unit 142b4 selects a zone to which the processing heat load is distributed in the time zone selected by the time zone selection unit 142b1.
- the distribution destination zone selection unit 142b4 may select a zone in which the air conditioner performs the operation with the lowest air conditioning efficiency, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- the distribution destination zone selection unit 142b4 may select a plurality of zones that are operating with poor air conditioning efficiency, and select a zone stochastically from the plurality of zones. Further, the distribution destination zone selection unit 142b4 may select a zone in a probabilistic manner from all the zones.
- the distribution destination zone selecting unit 142b4 is assigned to the air conditioner that is operating at an output higher than the maximum air conditioning efficiency.
- a zone that is assigned to an air conditioner that is operating at an output lower than the maximum air conditioning efficiency may be preferentially selected. That is, any one of the zones may be selected alternatively.
- the spatial distribution schedule determination unit 142b5 first recalculates the thermal load in the planning target period after distributing the thermal load with each function described above. In other words, when the thermal load change amount determined by the thermal load change amount determination unit 142b3 is a positive value, the spatial distribution schedule determination unit 142b5 determines the heat of the distribution source zone in the time zone selected by the time zone selection unit 142b1. The load is increased by the heat load change amount, and the heat load of the distribution destination zone is decreased by the heat load change amount.
- the spatial distribution schedule determination unit 142b5 determines the heat of the distribution source zone in the time zone selected by the time zone selection unit 142b1. The load is decreased by the heat load change amount, and the heat load of the distribution destination zone is increased by the heat load change amount. And the spatial dispersion
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation plan creation operation according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart for explaining the temporal dispersion process of the processing heat load in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart for explaining the spatial dispersion processing of the processing heat load in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing an example of creating an operation plan, that is, a schedule according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 21, it is composed of an initial schedule creation process, a distribution method selection process, a temporal distribution process, a spatial distribution process, a temperature prediction process, a schedule candidate update process, and an end determination process.
- the initial schedule creation process a distribution method selection process, a temporal distribution process, a spatial distribution process, a temperature prediction process, a schedule candidate update process, and an end determination process.
- the temporal distribution process includes a zone selection process, a distribution source time zone selection process, a heat load change amount determination process, a distribution destination time zone selection process, a temporal distribution schedule determination process, Consists of
- the spatial distribution process includes a time zone selection process, a distribution source zone selection process, a heat load change amount determination process, a distribution destination zone selection process, and a spatial distribution schedule determination process. Is done.
- Step S201 The air conditioning control system 1 creates a schedule without dispersion. That is, the air conditioning control system 1 creates an air conditioning operation schedule assuming a state in which the processing heat load is not distributed.
- Step S202 The air conditioning control system 1 uses the created schedule as a schedule candidate.
- Step S203 The air conditioning control system 1 obtains an evaluation index corresponding to the schedule candidate.
- Step S204 The air conditioning control system 1 selects either spatial dispersion of the processing heat load or temporal dispersion of the processing heat load. If the air conditioning control system 1 selects the temporal dispersion of the processing heat load, the process proceeds to step S205. On the other hand, if the air conditioning control system 1 selects the spatial distribution of the processing heat load, the process proceeds to step S206.
- Step S205 Processing heat load distributed over time
- the air conditioning control system 1 performs a temporal dispersion process of the processing heat load.
- the temporary schedule is determined as a result of the temporal dispersion processing of the processing heat load.
- Step S206 the air conditioning control system 1 executes a spatially distributed process of the processing heat load.
- the provisional schedule is determined as a result of the spatial dispersion processing of the processing heat load.
- Step S207 The air conditioning control system 1 predicts the indoor temperature in the planning target period when it is assumed that the temporary schedule is executed.
- Step S208 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not the comfortable temperature range is maintained. If the comfortable temperature range is maintained, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S209. On the other hand, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S212 when the comfortable temperature range is not maintained.
- the air conditioning control system 1 predicts the temperature of the planning target period corresponding to the temporary schedule determined in step S205 or step S206. When the predicted room temperature does not maintain the comfortable temperature range, the evaluation corresponding to the temporary schedule is not performed, and the process proceeds to step S212.
- Step S209 The air conditioning control system 1 obtains an evaluation index corresponding to the temporary schedule.
- Step S210 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not the value of the evaluation index corresponding to the temporary schedule is decreased as compared to the value of the evaluation index corresponding to the schedule candidate. When the value of the evaluation index corresponding to the temporary schedule is decreased compared to the value of the evaluation index corresponding to the schedule candidate, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S211. On the other hand, if the value of the evaluation index corresponding to the temporary schedule has not decreased compared to the value of the evaluation index corresponding to the schedule candidate, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S212.
- Step S211 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the temporary schedule as a new schedule candidate.
- the air conditioning control system 1 calculates the evaluation index corresponding to the temporary schedule determined in step S205 or step S206. When the evaluation index is smaller than the current schedule candidate, the air conditioning control system 1 sets the temporary schedule as a new schedule candidate.
- the air conditioning control system 1 may probabilistically set the temporary schedule as a new schedule candidate even when the evaluation index is larger than the current schedule candidate.
- Step S212 The air conditioning control system 1 determines whether or not the end condition is satisfied. If the air conditioning control system 1 satisfies the end condition, the process proceeds to step S213. On the other hand, if the air conditioning control system 1 does not satisfy the termination condition, the process proceeds to step S204.
- Step S213 The air conditioning control system 1 outputs the current schedule candidate as a final schedule.
- the air conditioning control system 1 determines whether to end the schedule creation process. For example, the air conditioning control system 1 ends the schedule creation when the evaluation index becomes smaller than a predetermined target value, but the end condition is not particularly limited thereto.
- the air conditioning control system 1 ends the schedule creation when the time required for the schedule creation exceeds a predetermined time. Further, the air conditioning control system 1 ends the schedule creation when the decrease in the evaluation index of the schedule candidate becomes smaller than a predetermined decrease rate. Further, the air conditioning control system 1 ends the schedule creation when the schedule candidate has not been updated a predetermined number of times or more.
- the air conditioning control system 1 selects a zone for performing temporal dispersion of the processing heat load.
- Step S232 The air conditioning control system 1 selects a time zone from which the processing heat load corresponding to the selected zone is distributed.
- the air conditioning control system 1 determines the heat load change amount corresponding to the selected zone and the selected time zone. That is, the air conditioning control system 1 determines the amount of heat load to be dispersed over time.
- Step S234 The air conditioning control system 1 selects a time zone to which the processing heat load corresponding to the selected zone is distributed.
- Step S235 The air conditioning control system 1 determines which is the heat load change amount. If the heat load change amount is a positive value, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S236. On the other hand, if the heat load change amount is a negative value, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S238.
- Step S236 The air conditioning control system 1 increases the thermal load corresponding to the time zone of the distribution source by the thermal load change amount.
- Step S237) The air conditioning control system 1 reduces the thermal load corresponding to the time zone of the distribution destination by the thermal load change amount.
- Step S2378 The air conditioning control system 1 reduces the heat load corresponding to the time zone of the distribution source by the heat load change amount.
- Step S239) The air conditioning control system 1 increases the heat load corresponding to the time zone of the distribution destination by the heat load change amount.
- Step S240 The air conditioning control system 1 obtains a schedule for processing the recalculated heat load.
- Step S241 The air conditioning control system 1 ends the processing by using the obtained schedule as a temporary schedule based on temporal dispersion.
- the air conditioning control system 1 first recalculates the thermal load in the planning target period assuming a state after the processing thermal load is distributed. That is, when the heat load change amount determined in step S233 is a positive value, the heat load in the distribution source time zone selected in step S232 is increased by the heat load change amount, and the heat load in the distribution destination time zone selected in step S234. Is reduced by the heat load change amount.
- the air conditioning control system 1 decreases the heat load in the distribution source time zone selected in step S232 by the heat load change amount, and the variance selected in step S234. Increase the heat load in the previous time period by the amount of heat load change. And the air-conditioning control system 1 calculates
- Step S261 The air conditioning control system 1 selects a time zone in which the processing heat load is spatially distributed.
- Step S262 The air conditioning control system 1 selects a zone from which the processing heat load corresponding to the selected time zone is distributed.
- the air conditioning control system 1 determines the heat load change amount corresponding to the selected time zone and the selected zone. That is, the air conditioning control system 1 determines the amount of heat load to be spatially dispersed.
- Step S264 The air conditioning control system 1 selects a zone to which the processing heat load corresponding to the selected zone is distributed.
- Step S265 The air conditioning control system 1 determines which one of the heat load change amounts is. If the heat load change amount is a positive value, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S266. On the other hand, if the heat load change amount is a negative value, the air conditioning control system 1 proceeds to step S268.
- Step S266 The air conditioning control system 1 increases the thermal load corresponding to the distribution source zone by the thermal load change amount.
- Step S267 The air conditioning control system 1 reduces the thermal load corresponding to the distribution destination zone by the thermal load change amount.
- Step S268 The air conditioning control system 1 reduces the thermal load corresponding to the distribution source zone by the thermal load change amount.
- Step S269 The air conditioning control system 1 increases the thermal load corresponding to the distribution destination zone by the thermal load change amount.
- Step S270 The air conditioning control system 1 obtains a schedule for processing the recalculated heat load.
- Step S271 The air conditioning control system 1 sets the obtained schedule as a temporary schedule based on spatial dispersion.
- the air conditioning control system 1 first recalculates the thermal load in the planning target period assuming a state after the processing thermal load is distributed. That is, the air conditioning control system 1 increases the thermal load of the distribution source zone selected in step S262 by the thermal load change amount when the thermal load change amount determined in step S263 is a positive value, and the distribution selected in step S264. Reduce the heat load of the previous zone by the heat load change amount.
- the air conditioning control system 1 decreases the heat load of the distribution source zone selected in step S262 by the heat load change amount, and the distribution selected in step S264. Increase the heat load of the previous zone by the heat load change amount. And the air-conditioning control system 1 calculates
- the processing heat load is distributed at least temporally and spatially to bring the room temperature into a comfortable temperature range. Since the air conditioning operation with high overall air conditioning efficiency can be performed while maintaining the power consumption, the power consumption can be reduced.
- Air conditioning control system 11 Air conditioning controller, 12 Air conditioning equipment, 12a Outdoor unit, 12b Indoor unit, 12c Ventilation equipment, 12d Total heat exchanger, 12e Humidifier, 12f Dehumidifier, 12g Heater, 12h Air conditioner, 13 Air conditioning network , 14 Device connection controller, 15 Air conditioning control computer, 16 General-purpose network, 19 Sensor, 31 Condition setting section, 32 Thermal load prediction section, 33 Operation plan planning section, 34 Operation plan correction section, 35 Data measurement section, 36 Control Command section, 41 Thermal load prediction means, 42 Operation plan creation means, 43 Temperature prediction means, 44 Plan evaluation means, 46 Temperature error evaluation means, 47 Temperature prediction means, 48 Correction plan creation means, 49 Correction plan evaluation means, 61 zone Divided floors, 62 adjacent zones, 63 room temperature fluctuation curves for each zone, 71, 72, 81, 82 Constraints, 91, 101 Humidity prediction means, 92, 102 CO 2 concentration prediction means, 141 Dispersion method selection section, 142
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Abstract
Description
(空調制御システム1の構成例1)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における空調制御システム1の概略構成の一例を示す図である。図1に示すように、空調制御システム1は、空調コントローラ11と、空調設備12とを備える。空調コントローラ11と、空調設備12とは、空調ネットワーク13を介して接続されている。
図2は、本発明の実施の形態1における空調制御システム1の概略構成の別の一例を示す図である。図2に示すように、空調制御システム1には、空調制御用計算機15が設けられている。空調制御用計算機15は、汎用ネットワーク16を介して、空調コントローラ11と接続されている。空調制御用計算機15は、汎用ネットワーク16を介して、空調コントローラ11と各種通信が行われる。
次に、上記で説明した空調制御システム1に実装される機能について図3を用いて説明する。図3は、本発明の実施の形態1における空調制御システム1の機能構成の一例を示す図である。図3に示すように、空調制御システム1は、機能構成として、条件設定部31、熱負荷予測部32、運転計画立案部33、運転計画補正部34、データ計測部35、及び制御指令部36等を備える。
以下、各部の詳細について説明する。
条件設定部31では、熱負荷予測部32、運転計画立案部33、及び運転計画補正部34の実行条件である空調運転の計画対象期間、時間刻み、快適温度範囲、及び設定温度等の各種設定条件が設定される。条件設定部31では、熱負荷及び温度の予測に必要な各種設定条件として、外気温、日射量、内部発熱量、空調設備12の構成要素である各機器の特性及び接続関係、並びに空調設備12の構成要素である各機器のフロア内での配置等が設定される。また、計画対象期間中、室温を快適温度範囲に維持させる期間として、快適維持期間が設定されてもよい。
熱負荷予測部32は、熱負荷予測手段41を備える。熱負荷予測手段41は、各種設定条件である各種入力データに基づいて、計画対象期間中に、空調設備12で処理される熱量の時間変化を予測する。各種入力データは、例えば、計画対象期間中の空調設備12の設定温度と、気象データと、内部発熱データとである。気象データは、外気温及び日射量の少なくとも一方を含むデータである。内部発熱データは、建物内部で発生する熱に関するデータである。
運転計画立案部33は、計画対象期間において、室内の温度を所定の快適温度範囲内に維持させる等の制約条件下で、評価指標である消費電力量又はランニングコストの何れかを、予め定めた計算時間内で、最小化するように、空調設備12の運転計画を立案する。この機能を実現するために、運転計画立案部33は、運転計画作成手段42と、温度予測手段43と、計画評価手段44とを備える。
温度予測手段43では、運転パターンと、気象データと、内部発熱データとを入力データとして、計画対象期間の室内の温度の時間変化を予測する。運転パターンは、計画対象期間の空調設備12の運転パターンである。気象データは、外気温及び日射量の少なくとも一方を含むデータである。内部発熱データは、建物内部で発生する発熱データである。温度予測手段43には、室内の温度の時間変化を予測する建物の熱特性をモデル化した室温予測モデルが実装されている。室温予測モデルは、例えば、次に表される式(1)~(3)の熱伝導方程式に基づく数式モデルである。このような熱伝導方程式に、入力データを与えることで、出力である室内の温度が求まる。
次に、運転計画補正部34について説明する。運転計画補正部34では、空調設備12の制御実行時、予め設定された補正ルールに従い、運転計画立案部33で立案した運転計画を補正する。この機能を実現するために、図3に示すように、運転計画補正部34は、温度誤差評価手段46、温度予測手段47、補正計画作成手段48、及び補正計画評価手段49を備える。
温度予測手段47は、温度予測手段43と同一の機能構成であってもよく、異なる機能構成であってもよい。例えば、温度を1[℃]変化させるために必要な空調機の出力の変更幅を、空調機の特性又は上記で説明した熱伝導方程式の熱抵抗及び熱容量等から決定し、決定した空調機の出力の変更幅に基づいて簡易的に温度を予測してもよい。
データ計測部35は、空調設備12の運転データを計測し、計測結果を、熱負荷予測部32、運転計画立案部33、及び運転計画補正部34等に供給する。また、データ計測部35は、運転計画立案部33の温度予測手段43と、運転計画補正部34の温度予測手段47とにも計測結果を供給する。なお、データ計測部35は、熱負荷予測部32に実装されている熱負荷予測モデルに必要な各種データを計測し、計測結果を熱負荷予測部32に供給してもよい。また、データ計測部35は、温度予測手段43及び温度予測手段47のそれぞれに実装されている室温予測モデルに必要な各種データを計測し、計測結果を温度予測手段43及び温度予測手段47のそれぞれに供給してもよい。
制御指令部36は、予め設定された周期、例えば、制御指令実行周期で、空調設備12に、運転計画補正部34が補正した運転計画である制御指令を送信する。制御指令実行周期は、例えば、5分周期である。
(ステップS11)
空調制御システム1は、運転計画立案周期であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、運転計画立案周期でない場合、ステップS11に戻る。一方、空調制御システム1は、運転計画立案周期である場合、ステップS12に進む。
空調制御システム1は、立案フラグを0に設定する。
(ステップS13)
空調制御システム1は、各種条件を設定する。具体的には、空調制御システム1は、ステップS14の熱負荷予測処理と、ステップS15~ステップS17の運転計画立案処理とで必要となる各種条件を設定する。そのような各種条件は、例えば、外気温の予測値、日射量の予測値、内部発熱量の予測値、及び設定温度等である。各予測値の設定方法については特に限定されない。例えば、外気温の予測値と、日射量の予測値とについては、インターネット経由で入手する気象データに基づいて設定してもよい。内部発熱量の予測値については、平日と、休日との標準的な内部発熱量パターンを事前に準備しておいたものを設定してもよい。なお、必要となる各種条件は、熱負荷予測処理と、運転計画立案処理とでは、一般的にそれぞれ異なる。
(ステップS14)
空調制御システム1は、設定した各種条件に基づいて熱負荷を予測する。具体的には、空調制御システム1は、条件設定処理で設定した各種条件に従い、条件設定処理、熱負荷予測処理、及び運転計画立案処理を実行する時刻と比べて未来の時刻であって、先のある期間、例えば、計画対象期間における予め定めた時間刻みの熱負荷を予測する。さらに具体的には、計画対象期間を翌日0時から24時とし、条件設定処理で設定した外気温の予測値と、日射量の予測値と、内部発熱量の予測値と、設定温度とを入力として、設定温度を満足するために必要な5分刻みの空調機供給熱量を出力する。なお、ここでは、空調機供給熱量として説明したが、実際の空調機の動作としては、暖房の場合は供給熱量であって、冷房の場合は除去熱量である。ただし、除去熱量はマイナスの供給熱量として考えればよいため、統一して供給熱量として説明する。また、空調機供給熱量の符号を反転したものが、熱負荷である。
(ステップS15)
空調制御システム1は、予測した熱負荷と、制約条件と、評価指標とに基づいて、運転計画を立案する。運転計画とは、例えば、室外機12aに対応する5分刻みの圧縮機周波数又は能力セーブ率等の指令値等である。空調設備12は、通常、複数の種類、複数の台数の機器から構成されるので、各機器のさまざまな運転パターンのうち、制約条件を満たしつつ、消費電力量等の評価指標を最小化するような運転計画を立案する。評価指標によっては、例えば、快適性の場合には、最大化するような運転計画を立案する。
空調制御システム1は、設定した各種条件と、立案した運転計画とに基づいて室温を予測する。具体的には、空調制御システム1は、計画対象期間における予め設定された時間刻みの室内の温度を予測する。さらに具体的には、空調制御システム1は、計画対象期間は、翌日0時から24時とし、条件設定処理で設定した外気温の予測値と、日射量の予測値と、内部発熱量の予測値と、空調設備12の運転計画とを入力として、5分刻みの室内の温度の予測値を出力する。
空調制御システム1は、立案フラグを1に設定し、ステップS11に戻る。なお、立案フラグが1に設定された場合、立案した運転計画が運転計画補正部34に出力されると想定する。
(ステップS41)
空調制御システム1は、運転計画補正周期であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、運転計画補正周期である場合、ステップS42に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、運転計画補正周期でない場合、ステップS41に戻る。
空調制御システム1は、計測結果を受信したか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、計測結果を受信した場合、ステップS43に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、計測結果を受信しない場合、ステップS42に戻る。データ計測処理と運転計画補正処理を並列に実行する場合には、ステップS42では受信したものと判定してステップS43に進む。この場合には、直前に受信した計測結果を用いてステップS43以降の補正を行う。
空調制御システム1は、立案フラグが1であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、立案フラグが1である場合、ステップS44に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、立案フラグが1でない場合、ステップS41に戻る。ただし、この立案フラグは制御実行当日を対象とした立案フラグであり、前日21:00に運転計画立案中に設定する翌日分の立案フラグとは異なる。
空調制御システム1は、運転計画立案処理で予測した室温と、計測した室温とに基づいて、制約条件を満たしつつ予め設定された目標設定範囲内で評価指標を最小化するように運転計画を補正する。
空調制御システム1は、設定した各種条件と、補正した運転計画とに基づいて室温を予測する。そして、ステップS41に戻る。
(ステップS61)
空調制御システム1は、データ計測周期であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、データ計測周期である場合、ステップS62に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、データ計測周期でない場合、ステップS61に戻る。
空調制御システム1は、データを計測する。
空調制御システム1は、計測結果を送信し、ステップS61に戻る。
(ステップS71)
空調制御システム1は、制御指令実行周期であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、制御指令実行周期である場合、ステップS72に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、制御指令実行周期でない場合、ステップS71に戻る。
空調制御システム1は、補正した運転計画に基づいて空調設備12に制御指令値を送信し、ステップS71に戻る。
上記で説明した一例の動作で運転計画を補正することで、運転計画立案時に立案した、評価指標を最大化又は最小化するような空調設備12の運転計画を踏襲しつつ、制御実行時の状況の変化に応じて、評価指標を最大化又は最小化する空調設備12の制御を実行することができるので、快適性を維持しつつ、省エネを実現することができる。
(評価指標及び制約条件のバリエーション)
実施の形態1との相違点は、評価指標及び制約条件である。実施の形態1においては、運転計画立案部33及び運転計画補正部34の評価指標として、消費電力量を採用したが、ランニングコストが採用されてもよい。図9は、本発明の実施の形態2におけるランニングコストを評価指標に含めた一例を示す図である。図9に示すように、評価指標として、条件設定部31で設定されたランニングコストが、運転計画立案部33及び運転計画補正部34のそれぞれに供給される。このときには、必要に応じて、条件設定部31において、時間帯別の電力量料金等が設定されてもよい。
上記で説明した構成で、単に、消費電力量及びランニングコストを最小化するための評価指標ではなく、快適性も含めた評価指標となり、省エネ性と快適性とのバランスを考慮した空調設備12の運転計画を立案し、補正することができる。
また、実施の形態1では、温度を予め設定された快適温度範囲内に維持することを温度に関する制約条件としたが、これに加え、温度の時間変化率を予め設定された温度変化率内に維持することを制約条件に加えてもよい。つまり、温度の時間変化率が、温度の時間変化率上限値を超えないことを制約条件としてもよい。図11は、本発明の実施の形態2における温度に関する条件を制約条件に含めた一例を示す図である。図11に示すように、温度の時間変化率上限値が新たな温度制約条件に追加されている。
上記で説明した構成で、さまざまな視点での快適性を考慮した空調設備12の運転計画を立案し、補正することができる。
また、実施の形態1では、制約条件を満たす空調設備12の運転パターンのうち、消費電力量を最小化する運転パターンを運転計画としたが、制約条件からの逸脱量に予め定めた重みをつけたものと、本来の評価指標とを加算したものを、評価指標として再定義することで、制約条件を若干逸脱したとしても、省エネ性を高くすることができる空調設備12の運転計画が許容される。図12は、本発明の実施の形態2における制約条件からの逸脱量を評価指標に含めた一例を示す図である。図12に示すように、制約条件からの逸脱量に、予め定めた重みを乗算し、乗算結果と、評価指標とを加算した結果を評価指標として再定義し、条件設定部31から運転計画立案部33及び運転計画補正部34のそれぞれに供給している。
上記で説明した構成で、制約条件を若干逸脱していても、省エネ性を高くできる空調設備12の運転計画を立案し、補正することができる。
(デマンドレスポンス)
翌日であって、ある時間帯、例えば、第1の期間に、ピーク電力の削減、つまり、ピークカットが必要になることが想定される。また、第1の期間にピークカットが必要となることが事前に分かっていることが想定される。なお、説明の便宜上、第1の期間に対応するピーク電力の目標値を、第1の目標電力と称する場合がある。図13は、本発明の実施の形態3における各種設定条件の一例を示す図である。図13に示すように、温度制約条件には、第1の期間に対応する第1の快適温度範囲と、第2の期間に対応する第2の快適温度範囲とが設定されている。また、電力制約条件には、第1の期間に対応する第1のピーク電力上限値と、第2の期間に対応する第2のピーク電力上限値とが設定されている。
空調制御システム1は、運転計画立案周期であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、運転計画立案周期である場合、ステップS92に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、運転計画立案周期でない場合、ステップS91に戻る。
空調制御システム1は、立案フラグを0に設定する。
(ステップS93)
空調制御システム1は、各種条件を設定する。
(ステップS94)
空調制御システム1は、設定した各種条件に基づいて熱負荷を予測する。
(ステップS95)
空調制御システム1は、予測した熱負荷と、制約条件と、評価指標とに基づいて運転計画を立案する。
空調制御システム1は、設定した各種条件と、立案した運転計画とに基づいて室温を予測する。
空調制御システム1は、予測した室温が第1の快適温度範囲から逸脱しているか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、予測した室温が第1の快適温度範囲から逸脱している場合、ステップS98に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、予測した室温が第1の快適温度範囲から逸脱していない場合、処理を終了する。
空調制御システム1は、温度フラグを1に設定する。
空調制御システム1は、時間フラグを1に設定する。
空調制御システム1は、第2の期間をα分に設定して制約条件に追加する。α分は、例えば、30分である。
空調制御システム1は、時間フラグが0であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、時間フラグが0である場合、ステップS103に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、時間フラグが0でない場合、ステップS102に進む。
空調制御システム1は、第2の快適温度範囲を第1の快適温度範囲-β℃に設定して制約条件に追加する。β[℃]は、例えば、0.5[℃]である。
空調制御システム1は、予測した熱負荷と、制約条件と、評価指標とに基づいて、運転計画を再立案する。
空調制御システム1は、設定した各種条件と、再立案した運転計画とに基づいて室温を予測する。
空調制御システム1は、予測した室温が第1の快適温度範囲から逸脱しているか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、予測した室温が第1の快適温度範囲から逸脱している場合、ステップS106に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、予測した室温が第1の快適温度範囲から逸脱していない場合、処理を終了する。
空調制御システム1は、温度フラグが0であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、温度フラグが0である場合、ステップS110に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、温度フラグが0でない場合、ステップS107に進む。
空調制御システム1は、時間フラグを1に設定する。
空調制御システム1は、βをβ-予め設定した温度下げ幅に設定する。新たに設定されたβは、例えば、第1の期間に対応する温度範囲から1[℃]下げた値である。つまり、この場合には、ステップS102の処理と対比すると、予め設定した温度下げ幅が、0.5[℃]に設定された一例である。
空調制御システム1は、温度フラグを0に設定し、ステップS102に戻る。
空調制御システム1は、時間フラグが0であるか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、時間フラグが0である場合、ステップS103に戻る。一方、空調制御システム1は、時間フラグが0でない場合、ステップS111に進む。
空調制御システム1は、温度フラグを1に設定する。
空調制御システム1は、αをα-予め設定した時間増加幅に設定し、ステップS113に進む。新たに設定されたαは、例えば、1時間である。つまり、この場合には、ステップS100の処理と対比すると、予め設定した時間増加幅が、30分に設定された一例である。
空調制御システム1は、時間フラグを0に設定し、ステップS100に戻る。
上記の構成で、ピークカット直前の予冷及び予熱をすることで、デマンドレスポンス等による特定の時間帯でのピークカットに事前に準備できるため、ピークカット期間で、ピークカットを達成するとともに、室内の温度が快適温度範囲を逸脱しないようにしつつ、期間全体にわたって消費電力量を削減することができる。
本実施の形態4においては、快適性に関連する制約条件及び評価指標として、温度に関するものに加え、さらに湿度及びCO2濃度の少なくとも一方に関するものを考慮する。図16は、本発明の実施の形態4における空調制御システム1の機能構成の一例を示す図である。図16に示すように、空調制御システム1は、運転計画立案部33に、湿度予測手段91と、CO2濃度予測手段92との少なくとも1つ以上をさらに備える。また、空調制御システム1は、運転計画補正部34に、湿度予測手段101と、CO2濃度予測手段102との少なくとも1つ以上をさらに備える。
上記で説明した構成で、温度だけでなく、湿度及びCO2濃度も含めたさまざまな視点での快適性を考慮した空調設備12の運転計画を立案し、補正することができる。
実施の形態1において、室温の時間的なばらつきと、室温の空間的なばらつきとについて説明した。このようなばらつきは、室温が設定温度で一定となるように空調機を運転するのではなく、制約条件として、室温がある快適温度範囲で推移することを許容することによって生じるものである。
まず、空調機の一般的な特性を図19を用いて説明する。図19は、空調機の一般的な特性を示す図である。図19は、空調機の出力に対する空調効率(COP:Coefficient Of Performance)のグラフである。COPとは、空調機への入力(電力kW)に対する出力(処理熱量kW)の比を表したものである。図19に示すように、一般的には、空調機は、低出力及び高出力の範囲で効率が悪いという特性がある。図19に示す一例では、定格出力に対して60%が最も効率がよい特性となっている。処理熱負荷の時間的分散及び処理熱負荷の空間的分散は、このような空調機の特性を利用した処理である。
次に、処理熱負荷の時間的分散の概要について説明する。処理熱負荷の時間的分散では、空調運転の計画対象期間における何れかの時間帯の熱負荷の少なくとも一部が、別の時間帯で処理される。例えば、実施の形態1で説明したように、熱伝導方程式に基づく温度予測モデルをシステムが持つ場合、このようなシステムは、室温の時間変動を予測することができる。よって、このようなシステムは、快適温度範囲を維持しつつ、時間的分散に基づいた処理による運転計画を立案することができる。
次に、処理熱負荷の空間的分散の概要について説明する。処理熱負荷の空間的分散では、何れかのゾーンの熱負荷の少なくとも一部が、隣接するゾーンが割り当てられている空調機で処理される。実施の形態1で説明したように、熱伝導方程式に基づくゾーン毎の熱負荷予測モデルをシステムが持つ場合、このようなシステムは、ゾーン間の熱移動を考慮しつつ、ゾーン毎の室温と、ゾーン毎の熱負荷とを予測することができる。よって、このようなシステムは、快適温度範囲を維持しつつ、空間的分散に基づいた処理による運転計画を立案することができる。
次に、本実施の形態5における運転計画を実施する機能構成について図20を用いて説明する。図20は、本発明の実施の形態5における運転計画の機能構成の一例を示す図である。図20は、運転計画作成手段42の内部的な機能構成の一例である。なお、以後の説明において、本実施の形態5では、空調運転の計画のことをスケジュールと記載するものとする。
分散方法選択部141は、処理熱負荷の時間的分散を処理するスケジュールの作成と、処理熱負荷の空間的分散を処理するスケジュールの作成と、の何れかを選択する。スケジュールを作成する過程において、一般的には、分散方法選択部141は、最終的なスケジュールの候補として、複数のスケジュールを作成する。複数のスケジュールの作成において、時間的分散及び空間的分散のうち、何れの分散を行うかの選択方法は、特に限定されない。
時間的分散スケジュール作成部142aは、処理熱負荷の時間的分散を処理するスケジュールを作成する。時間的分散スケジュール作成部142aは、ゾーン選択部142a1と、分散元時間帯選択部142a2と、熱負荷変更量決定部142a3と、分散先時間帯選択部142a4と、時間的分散スケジュール決定部142a5と、から構成される。
空間的分散スケジュール作成部142bは、処理熱負荷の空間的分散を行うスケジュールを作成する。空間的分散スケジュール作成部142bは、時間帯選択部142b1と、分散元ゾーン選択部142b2と、熱負荷変更量決定部142b3と、分散先ゾーン選択部142b4と、空間的分散スケジュール決定部142b5と、から構成される。
次に、上記で説明した機能構成を前提とした動作例について、図21~23を用いて説明する。図21は、本発明の実施の形態5における運転計画の作成動作例を説明するフローチャートである。図22は、本発明の実施の形態5における処理熱負荷の時間的分散処理を説明するフローチャートである。図23は、本発明の実施の形態5における処理熱負荷の空間的分散処理を説明するフローチャートである。
(ステップS201)
空調制御システム1は、分散無しでのスケジュールを作成する。つまり、空調制御システム1は、処理熱負荷の分散をしていない状態を想定した空調運転のスケジュールを作成する。
空調制御システム1は、作成したスケジュールをスケジュール候補とする。
空調制御システム1は、スケジュール候補に対応する評価指標を求める。
(ステップS204)
空調制御システム1は、処理熱負荷の空間的分散及び処理熱負荷の時間的分散の何れかを選択する。空調制御システム1は、処理熱負荷の時間的分散を選択した場合、ステップS205に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、処理熱負荷の空間的分散を選択した場合、ステップS206に進む。
(ステップS205)
詳細については後述するが、空調制御システム1は、処理熱負荷の時間的分散処理を実行する。処理熱負荷の時間的分散処理の結果、仮スケジュールが決定される。
(ステップS206)
詳細については後述するが、空調制御システム1は、処理熱負荷の空間的分散処理を実行する。処理熱負荷の空間的分散処理の結果、仮スケジュールが決定される。
(ステップS207)
空調制御システム1は、仮スケジュールを実行すると仮定した時の計画対象期間における室内の温度を予測する。
空調制御システム1は、快適温度範囲が維持されているか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、快適温度範囲が維持されている場合、ステップS209に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、快適温度範囲が維持されていない場合、ステップS212に進む。
(ステップS209)
空調制御システム1は、仮スケジュールに対応する評価指標を求める。
空調制御システム1は、仮スケジュールに対応する評価指標の値がスケジュール候補に対応する評価指標の値と比べて減少しているか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、仮スケジュールに対応する評価指標の値がスケジュール候補に対応する評価指標の値と比べて減少している場合、ステップS211に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、仮スケジュールに対応する評価指標の値がスケジュール候補に対応する評価指標の値と比べて減少していない場合、ステップS212に進む。
空調制御システム1は、仮スケジュールを新たなスケジュール候補とする。
(ステップS212)
空調制御システム1は、終了条件を満たすか否かを判定する。空調制御システム1は、終了条件を満たす場合、ステップS213に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、終了条件を満たさない場合、ステップS204に進む。
空調制御システム1は、現在のスケジュール候補を最終的なスケジュールとして出力する。
(ゾーン選択処理)
(ステップS231)
空調制御システム1は、処理熱負荷の時間的分散を行うゾーンを選択する。
(ステップS232)
空調制御システム1は、選択したゾーンに対応する処理熱負荷の分散元の時間帯を選択する。
(ステップS233)
空調制御システム1は、選択したゾーン及び選択した時間帯に対応する熱負荷変更量を決定する。つまり、空調制御システム1は、時間的に分散させる熱負荷の量を決定する。
(ステップS234)
空調制御システム1は、選択したゾーンに対応する処理熱負荷の分散先の時間帯を選択する。
(ステップS235)
空調制御システム1は、熱負荷変更量が何れであるかを判定する。空調制御システム1は、熱負荷変更量がプラス値である場合、ステップS236に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、熱負荷変更量がマイナス値である場合、ステップS238に進む。
空調制御システム1は、分散元の時間帯に対応する熱負荷を熱負荷変更量だけ増加させる。
空調制御システム1は、分散先の時間帯に対応する熱負荷を熱負荷変更量だけ減少させる。
空調制御システム1は、分散元の時間帯に対応する熱負荷を熱負荷変更量だけ減少させる。
空調制御システム1は、分散先の時間帯に対応する熱負荷を熱負荷変更量だけ増加させる。
空調制御システム1は、再計算された熱負荷を処理するためのスケジュールを求める。
空調制御システム1は、求めたスケジュールを時間的分散に基づいた仮スケジュールとして処理を終了する。
(時間帯選択処理)
(ステップS261)
空調制御システム1は、処理熱負荷の空間的分散を行う時間帯を選択する。
(ステップS262)
空調制御システム1は、選択した時間帯に対応する処理熱負荷の分散元のゾーンを選択する。
(ステップS263)
空調制御システム1は、選択した時間帯及び選択したゾーンに対応する熱負荷変更量を決定する。つまり、空調制御システム1は、空間的に分散させる熱負荷の量を決定する。
(ステップS264)
空調制御システム1は、選択したゾーンに対応する処理熱負荷の分散先のゾーンを選択する。
(ステップS265)
空調制御システム1は、熱負荷変更量が何れかであるかを判定する。空調制御システム1は、熱負荷変更量がプラス値である場合、ステップS266に進む。一方、空調制御システム1は、熱負荷変更量がマイナス値である場合、ステップS268に進む。
空調制御システム1は、分散元のゾーンに対応する熱負荷を熱負荷変更量だけ増加させる。
空調制御システム1は、分散先のゾーンに対応する熱負荷を熱負荷変更量だけ減少させる。
空調制御システム1は、分散元のゾーンに対応する熱負荷を熱負荷変更量だけ減少させる。
空調制御システム1は、分散先のゾーンに対応する熱負荷を熱負荷変更量だけ増加させる。
空調制御システム1は、再計算された熱負荷を処理するためのスケジュールを求める。
空調制御システム1は、求めたスケジュールを空間的分散に基づいた仮スケジュールとする。
なお、上記の説明では、処理熱負荷の時間的分散と、処理熱負荷の空間的分散との少なくとも何れか一方を行う方法について説明したが、特にこれに限定されない。例えば、時間的分散だけであってもよく、空間的分散だけであってもよい。
なお、本実施の形態5では、熱負荷を分散させるために熱負荷変更量を直接決定する方法について説明した。この代わりに、時間帯毎及びゾーン毎に異なる目標温度が設定されてもよい。目標温度の設定が変更されることにより、空調設備12は事実上処理熱負荷を変更した運転を行うことになる。このような目標温度の設定は、室内機12bが保有する設定温度であってもよいし、空調コントローラ11等に実装されるソフトウェアの内部情報であってもよい。
このように、空調機の特性、室温の時間変動、及びゾーン間の熱移動等を考慮し、少なくとも時間的及び空間的の何れかに処理熱負荷を分散することにより、室温を快適温度範囲に維持しつつ、総合的に空調効率が高い空調運転を行うことができるため、消費電力量を削減することができる。
Claims (15)
- 建物に設置された空調設備を制御する空調制御システムにおいて、
与えられた熱負荷予測用データに基づいて、前記空調設備が処理する熱量の時間変化を予測する熱負荷予測部と、
合計の処理熱負荷を同一又は所定量の差の範囲内にすると共に、室内の温度を所定の快適温度範囲内に維持させる第1制約条件下において、評価指標である前記空調設備の消費電力量又はランニングコストの何れかを削減するように、空調運転の計画対象期間における前記空調設備の運転計画を事前に立案する運転計画立案部と、
前記運転計画で前記空調設備の制御を実行中、所定の周期で前記運転計画を補正する運転計画補正部と、
前記室内の温度を測定する温度センサと、
を備え、
前記運転計画立案部と前記運転計画補正部は、
与えられた温度予測用データに基づいて前記室内の温度の時間変化を予測する温度予測手段を有し、
前記運転計画補正部は、
前記温度センサで測定した実測温度が、前記運転計画の立案時に予測する前記運転計画立案部による予測温度と異なる場合、
前記計画対象期間のうち、補正を行う期間である補正対象期間における前記室内の温度の時間変化を予測し、
前記補正対象期間中の1又は複数の時刻において、
当該運転計画補正部で予測した予測温度と、前記運転計画立案部で予測した予測温度との誤差を所定の許容変動幅内に収めることを第2制約条件として、
前記評価指標が前記第1制約条件下で最小となるように、前記運転計画を補正する
ことを特徴とする空調制御システム。 - 前記第1制約条件に、
前記計画対象期間における、前記室内の温度の時間変化率を予め設定した温度変化率内に維持させる制約を組み合わせた
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空調制御システム。 - 前記運転計画立案部は、
前記第1制約条件を満たさない前記空調設備の運転パターンには、
前記第1制約条件からの逸脱量に重みをつけたものと、前記評価指標とを加算したものを、前記評価指標として再定義し、前記再定義した前記評価指標に基づいて前記運転計画を立案する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の空調制御システム。 - 前記運転計画補正部は、
前記第1制約条件及び前記第2制約条件を満たさない前記空調設備の運転パターンには、
前記第1制約条件及び前記第2制約条件からの逸脱量に重みをつけたものと、前記評価指標とを加算したものを、前記評価指標として再定義し、前記再定義した前記評価指標に基づいて前記運転計画を補正する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の空調制御システム。 - 前記運転計画立案部は、
前記第1制約条件に、
前記計画対象期間に含まれる第1の期間に対応する消費電力を、第1の目標電力以下に抑え、
前記計画対象期間のうち前記第1の期間を除いた期間の消費電力を、第2の目標電力以下に抑え、
前記第1の期間と比べて前の期間である第2の期間に対応する快適温度範囲を、前記第1の期間に対応する快適温度範囲とは異なる範囲に設定する制約を組み合わせた
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の空調制御システム。 - 前記運転計画立案部は、
前記第1制約条件に、
前記計画対象期間に含まれる第1の期間に対応する消費電力を、第1の目標電力以下に抑え、
前記計画対象期間のうち前記第1の期間を除いた期間の消費電力を、第2の目標電力以下に抑え、
前記計画対象期間に含まれる第1の期間と比べて前の期間である第2の期間に対応する設定温度を、前記第1の期間に対応する設定温度とは異なる範囲に設定する制約を組み合わせた
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の空調制御システム。 - 前記運転計画立案部は、
前記第1の期間に対応する快適温度が前記第1制約条件を満たすまで、前記第2の期間に対応する快適温度範囲又は前記第2の期間に対応する設定温度を段階的に下げる設定と、前記第2の期間を段階的に延ばす設定とを繰り返す
ことを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の空調制御システム。 - 前記空調設備の空調対象空間である前記室内の湿度を測定する湿度センサと、
与えられた湿度予測用データに基づいて、前記室内の湿度の時間変化を予測する湿度予測部と、の第1の組と、
前記空調設備の空調対象空間である前記室内のCO2濃度を測定するCO2センサと、
与えられたCO2濃度予測用データに基づいて、前記室内のCO2濃度の時間変化を予測するCO2濃度予測部と、の第2の組と、の少なくとも1組以上をさらに備えた
ことを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の空調制御システム。 - 前記評価指標に、
前記計画対象期間における、前記空調設備の設定温度からの温度のずれ度合い、前記室内の温度の時間変化率、前記室内の設定湿度からの湿度のずれ度合い、前記室内の湿度の時間変化率、前記室内の設定CO2濃度からのCO2濃度のずれ度合い、及び前記室内のCO2濃度の時間変化率の何れか1つ、又は、2つ以上を組み合わせた
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の空調制御システム。 - 前記第1制約条件に、
前記計画対象期間における、前記室内の温度の時間変化率を予め設定した温度変化率内に維持させる第1条件と、
前記計画対象期間における、前記室内の湿度を予め設定した快適湿度範囲内に維持させる第2条件と、
前記計画対象期間における、前記室内の湿度の時間変化率を予め設定した湿度変化率内に維持させる第3条件と、
前記計画対象期間における、前記室内の温度及び前記室内の湿度の両方から決定される温湿度快適性を予め設定した快適温湿度範囲内に維持させる第4条件と、
前記計画対象期間における、前記室内のCO2濃度を予め設定した快適CO2濃度範囲内に維持させる第5条件と、
前記計画対象期間における、前記室内のCO2濃度の時間変化率を予め設定したCO2濃度変化率内に維持させる第6条件と、
の何れか1つ、又は、2つ以上の条件を組み合わせた
ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の空調制御システム。 - 建物に設置された空調設備を制御する空調制御システムにおいて、
与えられた熱負荷予測用データに基づいて、前記空調設備が処理する熱量の時間変化を予測する熱負荷予測部と、
合計の処理熱負荷を同一又は所定量の差の範囲内にすると共に、室内の温度を所定の快適温度範囲内に維持させる制約条件下において、前記空調設備の消費電力量又はランニングコストの何れかの評価指標が最小となるように、空調運転の計画対象期間における前記空調設備の運転計画を立案する運転計画立案部と、
を備え、
前記熱負荷予測部は、
室内を複数のゾーンに分割し、ゾーン間の熱移動を考慮して、ゾーン毎の室温及び熱負荷を予測する計算モデルを有し、
前記運転計画立案部は、
前記熱負荷予測部で予測した、前記計画対象期間における、何れかの時間帯の熱負荷の少なくとも一部を、別の時間帯に処理する、処理熱負荷の時間的分散と、
前記熱負荷予測部で予測した、何れかのゾーンの熱負荷の少なくとも一部を、隣接するゾーンが割り当てられた空調機で処理する、処理熱負荷の空間的分散と、
の少なくとも何れか一方を行うことで、前記制約条件を満たしつつ、前記評価指標を最小化する
ことを特徴とする空調制御システム。 - 前記運転計画立案部は、
前記時間帯ごと及び前記ゾーン毎に異なる目標温度を設定し、前記処理熱負荷の時間的分散及び前記処理熱負荷の空間的分散の少なくとも何れか一方を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の空調制御システム。 - 建物に設置された空調設備を制御する空調制御方法において、
与えられた熱負荷予測用データに基づいて、前記空調設備が処理する熱量の時間変化を予測する熱負荷予測ステップと、
合計の処理熱負荷を同一又は所定量の差の範囲内にすると共に、室内の温度を所定の快適温度範囲内に維持させる第1制約条件下において、評価指標である前記空調設備の消費電力量又はランニングコストの何れかを削減するように、空調運転の計画対象期間における前記空調設備の運転計画を事前に立案する運転計画立案ステップと、
前記運転計画で前記空調設備の制御を実行中、所定の周期で前記運転計画を補正する運転計画補正ステップと、
前記室内の温度を測定する測定ステップと、
が実行され、
前記運転計画立案ステップと前記運転計画補正ステップでは、
与えられた温度予測用データに基づいて前記室内の温度の時間変化が予測され、
前記運転計画補正ステップで予測された予測温度と、前記運転計画立案ステップで予測された予測温度との誤差を所定の許容変動幅に収めることを第2制約条件として、
前記評価指標が前記第1制約条件下で最小となるように、前記運転計画が補正される
ことを特徴とする空調制御方法。 - 前記運転計画立案ステップでは、
前記計画対象期間に含まれる第1の期間に対応する消費電力を、第1の目標電力以下に抑え、
前記第1の期間と比べて前の期間である第2の期間に対応する快適温度範囲を、前記第1の期間に対応する快適温度範囲とは異なる範囲に設定する
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の空調制御方法。 - 前記運転計画立案ステップでは、
前記第1制約条件として、
前記第1の期間に対応する消費電力を、第1の目標電力以下に抑え、
前記計画対象期間のうち、前記第1の期間を除いた期間の消費電力を、第2の目標電力以下に抑える設定を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の空調制御方法。
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JP5951120B2 (ja) | 2016-07-13 |
CN105143781A (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
EP2990734B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
CN105143781B (zh) | 2017-10-27 |
JPWO2014174871A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
EP2990734A4 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
US9784464B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
EP2990734A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
US20160018124A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
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