WO2014172928A1 - 具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场及保温方法 - Google Patents

具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场及保温方法 Download PDF

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WO2014172928A1
WO2014172928A1 PCT/CN2013/075696 CN2013075696W WO2014172928A1 WO 2014172928 A1 WO2014172928 A1 WO 2014172928A1 CN 2013075696 W CN2013075696 W CN 2013075696W WO 2014172928 A1 WO2014172928 A1 WO 2014172928A1
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Prior art keywords
single crystal
crystal rod
temperature
diameter
auxiliary heater
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PCT/CN2013/075696
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曹建伟
欧阳鹏根
王丹涛
傅林坚
陈明杰
石刚
邱敏秀
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浙江晶盛机电股份有限公司
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Priority to US14/787,227 priority Critical patent/US9797062B2/en
Publication of WO2014172928A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014172928A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B13/00Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting
    • C30B13/16Heating of the molten zone
    • C30B13/20Heating of the molten zone by induction, e.g. hot wire technique
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B13/00Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting
    • C30B13/16Heating of the molten zone
    • C30B13/18Heating of the molten zone the heating element being in contact with, or immersed in, the molten zone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B13/00Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting
    • C30B13/28Controlling or regulating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/02Elements
    • C30B29/06Silicon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of semiconductor manufacturing, and more particularly to a zone furnace thermal field having dual power supply heating. Background technique
  • Silicon is the world's first industry - the basic material of the electronic information technology industry, accounting for more than 95% of the global semiconductor materials use. Due to its unique growth mode, the region-fused silicon single crystal has the advantages of high purity, good uniformity and few defects, and is suitable for high-power semiconductor components. With the vigorous development of the power electronics industry, various new types of power electronic devices are increasingly demanding large-diameter silicon-fused single crystals, such as SR silicon rectifiers, SCR thyristors, GTR giant transistors, GT0 thyristors, and SITH electrostatic induction thyristors. IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor, PIN ultra-high voltage diode, smart power device (SMART POWER), power integrated device (POWER IC), etc.
  • the growth of the region-fused silicon single crystal is carried out by a suspension region melting method in which a polycrystalline silicon material is heated by a high-frequency induction heating coil to be melted, and a single crystal rod is continuously grown by holding the molten silicon under the coil with the seed crystal. Due to the suspension zone smelting, the heat field is concentrated near the melting zone, and the temperature distribution under the melting zone is not uniform. Especially for the growth of large-diameter silicon single crystals, the single crystal rod cracks due to the rapid cooling of the surface of the single crystal rod and the radial temperature gradient of the center and surface.
  • the heat field of the zone furnace adopts a single heat source, that is, the high frequency power source is used to heat and materialize through the main heating coil. It is difficult to adjust the single power supply, especially the thermal field distribution of the single crystal rod below the main heating coil is difficult to control.
  • the prior art mostly adopts a copper heat retaining ring device (see Fig. 1): the device can reflect the heat radiated from the melting zone to the The surface of the single crystal rod has a certain heat preservation effect on the single crystal rod below the melting zone.
  • this device can only passively reflect the heat radiated from the melting zone, so the amount and location of the reflected heat are uncontrollable.
  • the thermal field structure of such a main heating coil plus an insulating ring is disclosed in the Chinese (open) patents CN 102808216 A, CN 102321913 A, CN 102358951 A, CN 202492612 U and the like.
  • different materials are used for heat preservation, but these heat preservation devices are passively insulated, difficult to control, and unable to adapt to the growth of large-crystalline silicon monocrystalline silicon. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a zone furnace thermal field with dual power supply heating. Through reasonable control, the thermal field distribution of the zone furnace can be adjusted according to the process needs. Precise control to solve the cracking problem of large-diameter single crystal rods and improve the quality of silicon single crystals. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a zone furnace thermal field and a heat preservation method with dual power supply heating.
  • the main heating power and the auxiliary heating power can be adjusted in real time according to the process, and can be adapted to the growth of different diameter and different crystal direction single crystal rods.
  • the solution of the present invention is:
  • a zone furnace thermal field having dual power supply heating comprising a main heating coil having a circular hole in the center, the main heating coil being connected to the main heating power source, wherein the auxiliary heating heater further comprises an upper and lower direction
  • the curved wave shape and the annular shape are formed around the horizontal direction, and the two ends are provided with an interface and connected to the auxiliary heating power source through a cable; the auxiliary heating power source is also connected to the data analysis module and the infrared thermometer through the signal line.
  • the diameter of the annular shape formed by the auxiliary heater is between 150 mm and 400 mm, and the height of the wave which is reciprocally bent in the up and down direction is between 50 mm and 800 mm.
  • the main heating power source and the auxiliary heating power source are independent of each other, and both are provided with a control operation module and a shielding anti-interference device.
  • the zone furnace heat insulation method of the zone furnace having the dual power source heating in the present invention is: applying a DC power source to the auxiliary heater through the auxiliary heating power source, and a single crystal rod grown in the interior thereof by the auxiliary heater.
  • the heating radiation is applied to realize the heat preservation of the single crystal rod; the temperature of the specific point of the single crystal rod is monitored in real time by the infrared thermometer and transmitted to the data analysis module, and the data analysis module controls the current of the auxiliary heater through the built-in control method.
  • control method built in the data analysis module, the control target is the temperature of the specific point of the single crystal rod, the control input amount is the auxiliary heater current, and different in different growth stages Control strategy, including:
  • the diameter of the single crystal rod is continuously changed, and the specific point temperature of the single crystal rod is set to a target value of the diameter T (d) of the single crystal rod, wherein the specific point temperature of the single crystal rod varies with the diameter of the single crystal rod.
  • 05 XT where II is the initial setting value of the auxiliary heater current in the equal-diameter phase, and the value is 0. 4Imax ⁇ 0.
  • T is the time to enter the equal-diameter stage; in the finishing stage, the temperature T of the specific point temperature of the single crystal rod varies with the diameter of the single crystal rod T (d), which is the target value, wherein the specific temperature of the single crystal rod follows the single crystal rod
  • Tm' is the single crystal rod temperature target value T ( D) 'Permissible lower deviation
  • Tb' is the single crystal rod temperature target value T (D) 'allowable upper deviation
  • 10 ' is the finishing stage 5Imax ⁇
  • the initial setting of the auxiliary heater current, the value is between 0. 3Imax ⁇ 0. 5Imax.
  • the main heating coil is a cylindrical flat plate, and the center is provided with a through hole and a step; the power of the main heating power source can be set in real time by the crystallizer, or can be adjusted according to the set process procedure. Applying a high-frequency alternating current through the main heating power source to cause the polycrystalline rod to induce heat generation; the single crystal rod is below the main heating coil, and the molten silicon is connected to the polycrystalline rod and the single crystal rod through the central hole of the main heating coil; the auxiliary heater It is placed outside the single crystal rod and heated by an auxiliary heating power source.
  • the invention adopts the heat field heated by the double power source in the production of the district molten silicon single crystal: the main heating power source realizes the heating and chemical material of the polycrystalline rod through the vortex heat generation of the main heating coil, and the auxiliary heating power source passes through the auxiliary heater to the melting zone.
  • the single crystal rod is subjected to thermal field adjustment, so that the temperature distribution of the single crystal rod is precisely controlled.
  • the invention can solve the problem of cracking of the single crystal rod caused by unreasonable thermal field distribution and excessive thermal stress in the growth of the large-diameter molten silicon single crystal of 6.5 inches or more, and can also improve the melting of the 3 ⁇ 6 inch zone.
  • the thermal field distribution of silicon single crystal growth solves the problem of broken edges caused by unreasonable thermal field distribution and excessive thermal stress, and increases the productivity of silicon single crystal from 70% of the prior art to over 85%, and increases the silicon single crystal. quality. BRIEF abstract
  • Figure 1 is a conventional thermal field structure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the present invention and the prior art.
  • the reference numerals in the figure are: 1 main heating power supply; 2 main heating coil; 3 auxiliary heating power supply; 4 auxiliary heater; 5 data analysis module; 6 infrared thermometer; 7 insulation ring; A polycrystalline bar; B single crystal rod.
  • the data analysis module 5 can be PLC, the optional model CJ2M, and the manufacturer is Omron.
  • the data analysis module 5 can be PLC, the optional model CJ2M, and the manufacturer is Omron.
  • Those skilled in the art can fully use their mastered software programming skills to complete their built-in control software in combination with prior art techniques. Therefore, all the references mentioned in the application documents of this invention belong to this category, and the applicants will not list them one by one.
  • a zone furnace thermal field with dual power supply heating including a main heating coil with a circular hole in the center, a main heating power source 1, an auxiliary heating power source 3, an auxiliary heater 4, and an infrared Thermometer 6 and data analysis module 5.
  • the main body of the auxiliary heater 4 is made of graphite or silicon, and its outer shape is a wave shape which is reciprocally bent in the up and down direction and is formed in an annular shape in a horizontal direction, and the two ends thereof are connected and connected to the auxiliary heating power source 3 through a cable.
  • the auxiliary heating power source 3 is also connected to the data analysis module 5 and the infrared thermometer 6 in turn through signal lines.
  • the main heating power source 1 applies a high-frequency alternating current to the main heating coil 2, generates an alternating magnetic field of the same frequency in the vicinity of the main heating coil 2, and the polycrystalline rod A whose temperature has risen above 600 ° C by the preheating mechanism
  • the vortex heat is induced by itself, thereby achieving local melting of the polycrystalline rod, the molten silicon passes through the central hole of the main heating coil 2, and the single crystal rod is continuously grown by the seed crystal under the coil by the seed crystal;
  • the auxiliary heating The device 4 is disposed outside the single crystal rod B and heated by the auxiliary heating power source 3; an infrared thermometer 6 and a data analysis module 5 are further disposed on the furnace wall and the furnace outside.
  • the diameter of the annular shape formed by the auxiliary heater 4 is between 150 mm and 400 mm, and the height of the wave-like shape which is reciprocally bent in the up and down direction is between 50 mm and 800 mm.
  • the main heating power source 1 and the auxiliary heating power source 3 described above are independently adjustable independently of each other and are provided with an anti-interference device.
  • Main heating power supply 1 frequency is high frequency
  • auxiliary heating power supply 3 is DC power supply.
  • the power of the main heating power source 1 can be set in real time by the crystallizer, or can be adjusted according to the set process program.
  • the infrared thermometer 6 disposed on the furnace wall can detect the temperature of the specific point of the silicon single crystal rod B in real time and transmit it to the data analysis module 5, and the data analysis module 5 controls the auxiliary heating power through a certain control method, thereby making the single.
  • the temperature of the specific point of the ingot B can be precisely controlled according to the required process requirements: the growth of the regional molten silicon single crystal mainly includes the stages of seeding, shoulder expansion, equal diameter and finishing, and the data analysis module 5 mainly expands the shoulder and the equal diameter. And the finishing phase works, the control target is: The temperature of the specific point of the single crystal rod B, the control input amount is: the auxiliary heater 4 current, and adopt different control methods in different growth stages.
  • an insulating ring 7 or other insulating material is generally disposed outside the single crystal rod B at the lower end of the coil, and these The device is generally opaque and can affect the monitoring of the single crystal rod B and the melting zone by devices such as thermometers and CCDs.
  • the auxiliary heater 4 used in the present invention leaves a large gap between the single crystal rod B and the melting zone, which can ensure that the growth of the molten silicon single crystal in the whole range of the thermometer and the CCD mainly includes seeding, shoulder expansion, equal diameter and
  • the built-in control method in the data analysis module mainly works in the extended shoulder, equal diameter and closing stages, and the control target is the temperature of the specific point of the single crystal rod; the control input is the auxiliary heater current (power), and Different control methods are used at different stages of growth.
  • the diameter of the single crystal rod is continuously changed, and the specific point temperature of the single crystal rod is set to a target value of the diameter T(d) of the single crystal rod, wherein the specific point temperature of the single crystal rod varies with the diameter of the single crystal rod.
  • the initial setting value the value is 0. 4Imax ⁇ 0. 7Imax, T is the time to enter the equal-diameter phase;
  • Tm' is the single crystal rod temperature target value T ( D) 'Permissible lower deviation
  • Tb' is the single crystal rod temperature target value T (D) 'allowable upper deviation
  • 10 ' is the finishing stage 5Imax ⁇
  • the initial setting of the auxiliary heater current, the value is between 0. 3Imax ⁇ 0. 5Imax.
  • the thermal field heated by the dual power source is adopted, and the appropriate power control strategy, the single crystal rod B and the melting zone temperature are adopted.
  • the degree distribution can be precisely controlled according to the process requirements, and a reasonable thermal field distribution can be obtained.
  • the heat field of the double power source heating in the invention is easy to control, and also lays a foundation for the district melting automatic single crystal production.
  • the present invention can solve the problem of cracking of a single crystal rod caused by unreasonable thermal field distribution and excessive thermal stress in the growth of a large-diameter molten silicon single crystal of 6.5 inches or more, and can also be improved.
  • FIG. 3 shows the statistical data of 10 times of 6-inch silicon single crystal production test using the prior art and the present invention under the same crystal pulling personnel, wherein the silicon single crystal productivity refers to the production of the quality of the single crystal rod which meets the requirements. The ratio of the amount of feed.
  • the invention can solve the problem of cracking of the single crystal rod caused by unreasonable thermal field distribution and excessive thermal stress in the growth of the large-diameter zone single crystal silicon of 6.5 inches or more, and can also improve the 3-6 inch.
  • the thermal field distribution of the region of molten silicon single crystals solves the problem of broken edges caused by unreasonable thermal field distribution and excessive thermal stress, increasing the productivity of silicon single crystal from 70% of the prior art to more than 85%, and increasing silicon.
  • Single crystal quality is

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Abstract

本发明旨在提供一种具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场及保温方法。区熔炉热场包括主加热线圈和辅助加热器,辅助加热器的外形呈上下方向往复弯折的波浪状且在水平方向上围绕成圆环状,其两个端部设接口并通过电缆与辅助加热电源相连。辅助加热电源通过信号线依次连接数据分析模块和红外测温仪。本发明可解决 6.5 英寸以上的区熔硅单晶生长中面临的因热场分布不合理、热应力过大造成的单晶棒开裂问题,也可改善3-6英寸区熔硅单晶生长的热场分布。

Description

具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场及保温方法 技术领域
本发明涉及半导体制造领域, 特别涉及具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场。 背景技术
硅是全球第一产业——电子信息技术产业的基础材料, 占全球半导体材料使用量的 95%以上。 区熔硅单晶由于其独特的生长方式, 具有纯度高, 均匀性好、 缺陷少等优点, 适合用于大功率半导体元器件。 随着电力电子产业的蓬勃发展, 各类新型电力电子器件 对大直径区熔硅单晶的需求越来越旺盛,如 SR硅整流器、 SCR可控硅、 GTR巨型晶体管、 GT0晶闸管、 SITH静电感应晶闸管、 IGBT绝缘栅双极晶体管、 PIN超高压二极管、 智能 功率器件(SMART POWER)、 功率集成器件 (POWER IC)等, 因此, 大直径区熔硅单晶具有 广阔的应用领域和良好的发展前景。 区熔硅单晶的生长采用悬浮区域熔炼法, 即用高频 感应加热线圈加热多晶硅料使其熔化, 在线圈下方用籽晶接住熔融硅连续生长出单晶 棒。 由于采用悬浮区域熔炼, 热场集中在熔区附近, 熔区下方温度分布不均匀。 尤其对 于生长大直径硅单晶, 因单晶棒表面快速冷却, 中心和表面径向温度梯度扩大而导致单 晶棒开裂。 随着单晶棒直径的增大, 熔区面积和热应力呈几何数级增大, 当单晶棒内热 应力大于其临界剪压力时, 单晶棒中将产生位错, 导致单晶棒断棱甚至炸裂, 影响生产 效率, 并对设备造成损害。 现有技术中, 6.5 英寸以上的大直径区熔单晶硅生长都面临 着因热场分布不合理、 热应力过大造成的单晶棒开裂的问题, 3-6英寸的区熔单晶硅生 长中因热场分布不合理、热应力过大造成的断棱也是提高硅单晶生产率面临的最主要的 问题之一。
现有技术中的区熔炉热场均采用单一热源, 即采用高频电源通过主加热线圈进行加 热、 化料。 单一电源加热难以调整, 特别是对主加热线圈以下的单晶棒热场分布难以控 制。 为弥补熔区下方的单晶棒热量不足问题, 改善熔区下方热场分布, 现有技术多采用 一种铜质保温环装置 (见图 1 ) : 该装置能将熔区辐射的热量反射到单晶棒表面, 对熔 区下方的单晶棒起到一定的保温作用。但这个装置只能被动地反射从熔区辐射过来的热 量, 因此反射的热量大小和位置都不可控。 中国 (公开) 专利 CN 102808216 A,CN 102321913 A, CN 102358951 A, CN 202492612 U等公开的均是采用这种主加热线圈加 保温环的热场结构。 公开的技术中还有采用不同材料来保温的, 但这些保温装置都是采 用被动保温的, 难以控制, 无法适应大直径区熔单晶硅的生长。 因此迫切需要开发一种 具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场, 通过合理的控制, 使得区熔炉热场分布可根据工艺需要 精确控制, 以解决大直径单晶棒开裂问题, 并提高硅单晶品质。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是, 克服现有技术中的不足, 提供一种具有双电源加热的 区熔炉热场及保温方法。 本发明中, 主加热功率和辅助加热功率可根据工艺实时调节, 并适应不同直径、 不同晶向单晶棒的生长。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明的解决方案是:
提供一种具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场, 包括中心设有圆孔的主加热线圈, 主加热 线圈与主加热电源相连, 其特点在于, 还包括一个辅助加热器, 其外形呈上下方向往复 弯折的波浪状且在水平方向上围绕形成圆环状,其两个端部设接口并通过电缆与辅助加 热电源相连; 辅助加热电源还通过信号线依次连接数据分析模块和红外测温仪。
作为一种改进, 所述辅助加热器围绕形成的圆环状的直径在 150mm〜400mm 之 间, 其在上下方向往复弯折的波浪状的高度在 50mm〜800mm之间。
作为一种改进, 所述的主加热电源和辅助加热电源相互独立, 且均设有控制操作模 块和屏蔽防干扰装置。
作为进一步的发明目的,本发明中具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场的区熔炉保温方法 是: 通过辅助加热电源为辅助加热器施加直流电源, 通过辅助加热器对生长在其内部的 单晶棒施加热辐射, 从而实现对单晶棒的保温; 通过红外测温仪实时监测单晶棒特定点 的温度, 并传输给数据分析模块, 数据分析模块通过内置的控制方法来控制辅助加热器 的电流, 从而调节对单晶棒的保温效果; 内置于数据分析模块的控制方法, 其控制目标 为单晶棒特定点的温度, 控制输入量为辅助加热器电流, 且在不同的生长阶段采取不同 的控制策略, 具体包括:
在扩肩阶段, 单晶棒直径不断变化, 设定单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲 线 T (d)为目标值, 其中, 单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T ( d) 由对作为 标准参照的单晶棒生产过程进行标定的方式获得; 单晶棒直径为 D时, 通过查找曲线获 得单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) ; 温差 AT=T1-T (D) , 其中 T1为单晶棒直径为 D时红外 测温仪检测到单晶棒特定点的温度;
辅助加热器电流设定值 I分三段控制: 当温度偏差 AT<Tm时, I=Imax, 即辅助加 热器输出最大电流; 当 AT>Tb 时, 1=0, 即关闭辅助加热器; 当 Tm AT Tb 时, 1=10-0. 45 Χ ΔΤ +0. 0038 X (D/ΔΤ) ; 其中, Tm为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) 允许的 下偏差, Tb为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) 允许的上偏差, 且满足: -20 °C ^Tm^0 V ^Tb^20 °C, 10为扩肩阶段辅助加热器电流的初始设置值, 其值在 0. 3Imax〜0. 5Imax 之间;
进入等径阶段, 辅助加热器电流设定值 1=11+0. 05 X T, 其中, I I 为等径阶段辅助 加热器电流的初始设置值,其值为 0. 4Imax〜0. 7Imax之间, T为进入等径阶段的时间; 在收尾阶段, 设定单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T (d) , 为目标值, 其中, 单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T (d) , 由对作为标准参照的单晶棒 生产过程进行标定的方式获得; 单晶棒直径为 D时, 通过查找曲线获得单晶棒温度目标 值为 T (D) , ; 温差 ΔΤ' =Τ -T (D) , , 其中 Τ 为单晶棒直径为 D时红外测温仪 检测到单晶棒特定点的温度;
辅助加热器电流设定值 I分三段控制: 当温度偏差 ΔΤ' <Tm' 时, I=Imax, 即辅 助加热器输出最大电流; 当 ΔΤ' >Tb' 时, 1=0, 即关闭辅助加热器; 当 Tm' ^ΔΤ' Tb' 时, 1=10' -0. 65 Χ ΔΤ' +0. 0025 X (D/ΔΤ' ) ; 其中, Tm' 为单晶棒温度目标值 为 T (D) ' 允许的下偏差, Tb' 为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) ' 允许的上偏差, 且满 足: -20 °C Tm' °C Tb' 20 °C, 10 ' 为收尾阶段辅助加热器电流的初始设置 值, 其值为 0. 3Imax〜0. 5Imax之间。
本发明中主加热线圈为圆柱形平板, 中心设有通孔和台阶; 主加热电源的功率可由 拉晶人员现场实时设定, 也可按照设定好的工艺程序进行调整。 通过主加热电源施加高 频交变电流使多晶棒感应生热熔化; 单晶棒在主加热线圈下方, 熔融硅穿过主加热线圈 中心孔将多晶棒和单晶棒联接;辅助加热器设置在单晶棒外部,通过辅助加热电源加热。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的有益效果是:
本发明在区熔硅单晶生产中采用双电源加热的热场: 主加热电源通过主加热线圈的 涡流生热实现多晶棒的加热和化料, 辅助加热电源通过辅助加热器对熔区下的单晶棒进 行热场调整, 使得单晶棒的温度分布得到精确控制。 本发明可解决 6.5英寸以上的大直 径区熔硅单晶生长中面临的因热场分布不合理、 热应力过大造成的单晶棒开裂的问题, 同时也可改善 3〜6英寸的区熔硅单晶生长的热场分布, 解决因热场分布不合理、 热应 力过大造成的断棱问题, 将硅单晶生产率从现有技术的 70%提高到 85%以上, 并提高硅 单晶品质。 附图概述
图 1为传统技术的热场结构;
图 2为本发明实施案例的结构示意图;
图 3本发明与现有技术实施效果图。
图中的附图标记为: 1主加热电源; 2主加热线圈; 3辅助加热电源; 4辅助加热器; 5数据分析模块; 6红外测温仪; 7保温环; A多晶棒; B单晶棒。 本发明的最佳实施方式
首先需要说明的是, 在本发明实现过程中会涉及自动控制技术和计算机技术的运 用。 申请人认为, 如在仔细阅读申请文件、 准确理解本发明的实现原理和发明目的以后 完全能够实现本发明。 例如数据分析模块 5可采用 PLC, 可选型号 CJ2M, 生产商为欧 姆龙。本领域技术人员完全可以运用其掌握的软件编程技能在结合现有公知技术的情况 下完成其内置的控制软件。 因此, 凡本发明申请文件提及的均属此范畴, 申请人不再一 一列举。
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述:
图 2所述为本发明的一实施案例: 具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场, 包括中心设有圆 孔的主加热线圈 2、 主加热电源 1、 辅助加热电源 3、 辅助加热器 4、 红外测温仪 6和数 据分析模块 5。 辅助加热器 4的主体是石墨或硅材质, 其外形呈上下方向往复弯折的波 浪状且在水平方向上围绕形成圆环状, 其两个端部设接口并通过电缆与辅助加热电源 3 相连; 辅助加热电源 3还通过信号线依次连接数据分析模块 5和红外测温仪 6。
主加热电源 1施加给主加热线圈 2高频交变电流,在主加热线圈 2附近产生同频率 的交变磁场, 而之前通过预热机构而温度已经上升到 600° C以上的多晶棒 A自身会感 生涡流生热, 从而实现多晶棒的局部熔化, 熔融硅穿过主加热线圈 2中心孔, 在线圈下 方用籽晶接住熔融硅连续生长出单晶棒; 所述的辅助加热器 4设置在单晶棒 B外部, 通 过辅助加热电源 3加热; 炉壁及炉室外还设有红外测温仪 6和数据分析模块 5。 辅助加 热器 4围绕形成的圆环状的直径在 150mm〜400mm之间,其在上下方向往复弯折的波 浪状的高度在 50mm〜800mm之间。 主加热电源 1和辅助加热电源 3所述的主加热电 源 1和辅助加热电源 3相互独立可单独调节, 且均设有防干扰装置。 主加热电源 1频率 为高频, 辅助加热电源 3为直流电源。
本发明中, 主加热电源 1的功率可由拉晶人员现场实时设定, 也可按照设定好的工 艺程序进行调整。 设置在炉壁上的红外测温仪 6可实时检测硅单晶棒 B特定点的温度, 并传输给数据分析模块 5, 数据分析模块 5通过一定的控制方法来控制辅助加热功率, 从而使得单晶棒 B特定点的温度能够按照所需的工艺要求得到精确控制:区熔硅单晶生 长主要包括引晶、 扩肩、 等径和收尾等阶段, 数据分析模块 5主要在扩肩、 等径及收尾 阶段起作用, 其控制目标为: 单晶棒 B特定点的温度, 控制输入量为: 辅助加热器 4电 流, 且在不同的生长阶段采取不同的控制方法。
现有技术中一般在线圈下端单晶棒 B外设置保温环 7或者其他的保温材料,而这些 装置一般是不透明, 会影响测温仪和 CCD等装置对单晶棒 B和熔区的监测。 而本发明 中采用的辅助加热器 4给单晶棒 B和熔区留有较大空隙, 可保证测温仪和 CCD全范围 区熔硅单晶生长主要包括引晶、 扩肩、 等径和收尾等阶段, 数据分析模块中的内置 控制方法主要在扩肩、 等径及收尾阶段起作用, 其控制目标为单晶棒特定点的温度; 控 制输入量为辅助加热器电流 (功率) , 且在不同的生长阶段采取不同的控制方法。
在扩肩阶段, 单晶棒直径不断变化, 设定单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲 线 T(d)为目标值, 其中, 单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T (d) 由对作为 标准参照的单晶棒生产过程进行标定的方式获得; 单晶棒直径为 D时,通过查找曲线获 得单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) ; 温差 ΔΤ=Τ1-Τ (D) ,其中 T1为单晶棒直径为 D时红 外测温仪检测到单晶棒特定点的温度;
辅助加热器电流设定值 I分三段控制: 当温度偏差 AT<Tm时, I=Imax, 即辅助加 热器输出最大电流; 当 AT>Tb 时, 1=0, 即关闭辅助加热器; 当 Tm AT Tb 时, 1=10-0. 45 Χ ΔΤ +0. 0038 X (D/ΔΤ) ; 其中, Tm为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) 允许的 下偏差, Tb为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) 允许的上偏差, 且满足: -20 °C ^Tm^0 V ^Tb^20 °C, 10为扩肩阶段辅助加热器电流的初始设置值, 其值在 0. 3Imax〜0. 5Imax 之间;
进入等径阶段, 由于单晶棒直径不再变化, 主加热器功率基本保持稳定, 辅助加热 器电流设定值 1=11+0. 05 X T, 其中, I I 为等径阶段辅助加热器电流的初始设置值, 其 值为 0. 4Imax〜0. 7Imax之间, T为进入等径阶段的时间;
在收尾阶段, 设定单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T (d) , 为目标值, 其中, 单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T (d) , 由对作为标准参照的单晶棒 生产过程进行标定的方式获得; 单晶棒直径为 D时, 通过查找曲线获得单晶棒温度目标 值为 T (D) , ; 温差 ΔΤ' =Τ -T (D) , , 其中 Τ 为单晶棒直径为 D时红外测温仪 检测到单晶棒特定点的温度;
辅助加热器电流设定值 I分三段控制: 当温度偏差 ΔΤ' <Tm' 时, I=Imax, 即辅 助加热器输出最大电流; 当 ΔΤ' >Tb' 时, 1=0, 即关闭辅助加热器; 当 Tm' ^ΔΤ' Tb' 时, 1=10' -0. 65 Χ ΔΤ' +0. 0025 X (D/ΔΤ' ) ; 其中, Tm' 为单晶棒温度目标值 为 T (D) ' 允许的下偏差, Tb' 为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) ' 允许的上偏差, 且满 足: -20 °C Tm' °C Tb' 20 °C, 10 ' 为收尾阶段辅助加热器电流的初始设置 值, 其值为 0. 3Imax〜0. 5Imax之间。
本发明中, 采用双电源加热的热场, 通过适当的功率控制策略, 单晶棒 B及熔区温 度分布可根据工艺需要得到精确控制, 可得到合理的热场分布。 相比于现有技术中普遍 采用的单一热源加保温环 7的结构, 本发明中双电源加热的热场易于控制, 也为区熔自 动化单晶生产奠定了基础。 配合合理的功率控制策略, 本发明可解决 6.5英寸以上的大 直径区熔硅单晶生长中面临的因热场分布不合理、 热应力过大造成的单晶棒开裂的问 题, 同时也可改善 3〜6英寸的区熔硅单晶生长的热场分布, 解决因热场分布不合理、 热应力过大造成的断棱问题, 将硅单晶生产率从现有技术的 70%提高到 85%以上, 并提 高硅单晶品质。 图 3 中所示为相同拉晶人员下采用现有技术和本发明分别进行 10次 6 英寸硅单晶生产试验的统计数据,其中硅单晶生产率是指生产出符合要求的单晶棒质量 与投料量的比值。
当然, 上述案例只是本发明的一个实施案例, 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技 术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下, 还可以做出若干改进和润饰, 这些改 进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。 工业应用性
本发明可解决 6. 5英寸以上的大直径区熔单晶硅生长中面临的因热场分布不合理、 热应力过大造成的单晶棒开裂的问题, 同时也可改善 3-6英寸的区熔硅单晶生长的热场 分布, 解决因热场分布不合理、 热应力过大造成的断棱问题, 将硅单晶生产率从现有技 术的 70%提高到 85%以上, 并提高硅单晶品质。

Claims

1、 具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场, 包括中心设有圆孔的主加热线圈, 主加热线圈 与主加热电源相连, 其特征在于, 还包括一个辅助加热器, 其外形呈上下方向往复弯折 的波浪状且在水平方向上围绕形成圆环状,其两个端部设接口并通过电缆与辅助加热电 源相连; 辅助加热电源还通过信号线依次连接数据分析模块和红外测温仪。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的区熔炉热场, 其特征在于, 所述辅助加热器围绕形成的 圆环状的直径在 150mm〜400mm 之间, 其在上下方向往复弯折的波浪状的高度在 50mm〜800mm之间。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2任意一项中所述的区熔炉热场, 其特征在于, 所述的主加 热电源和辅助加热电源相互独立, 且均设有控制操作模块和屏蔽防干扰装置。
4、 基于权利要求 1所述具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场的区熔炉保温方法, 其特征 在于, 是通过辅助加热电源为辅助加热器施加直流电源, 通过辅助加热器对生长在其内 部的单晶棒施加热辐射, 从而实现对单晶棒的保温; 通过红外测温仪实时监测单晶棒特 定点的温度, 并传输给数据分析模块, 数据分析模块通过内置的控制方法来控制辅助加 热器的电流, 从而调节对单晶棒的保温效果; 内置于数据分析模块的控制方法, 其控制 目标为单晶棒特定点的温度, 控制输入量为辅助加热器电流, 且在不同的生长阶段采取 不同的控制策略, 具体包括:
在扩肩阶段, 单晶棒直径不断变化, 设定单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲 线 T (d)为目标值, 其中, 单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T ( d) 由对作为 标准参照的单晶棒生产过程进行标定的方式获得; 单晶棒直径为 D时, 通过查找曲线获 得单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) ; 温差 AT=T1-T (D) , 其中 T1为单晶棒直径为 D时红外 测温仪检测到单晶棒特定点的温度;
辅助加热器电流设定值 I分三段控制: 当温度偏差 AT<Tm时, I=Imax, 即辅助加 热器输出最大电流; 当 AT>Tb 时, 1=0, 即关闭辅助加热器; 当 Tm AT Tb 时, 1=10-0. 45 Χ ΔΤ +0. 0038 X (D/ΔΤ) ; 其中, Tm为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) 允许的 下偏差, Tb为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) 允许的上偏差, 且满足: -20 °C ^Tm^0 V ^Tb^20 °C, 10为扩肩阶段辅助加热器电流的初始设置值, 其值在 0. 3Imax〜0. 5Imax 之间;
进入等径阶段, 辅助加热器电流设定值 1=11+0. 05 X T, 其中, I I 为等径阶段辅助 加热器电流的初始设置值,其值为 0. 4Imax〜0. 7Imax之间, T为进入等径阶段的时间; 在收尾阶段, 设定单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T (d) , 为目标值, 其中, 单晶棒特定点温度随单晶棒直径的变化曲线 T (d) , 由对作为标准参照的单晶棒 生产过程进行标定的方式获得; 单晶棒直径为 D时, 通过查找曲线获得单晶棒温度目标 值为 T (D) , ; 温差 ΔΤ' =Τ -T (D) , , 其中 Τ 为单晶棒直径为 D时红外测温仪 检测到单晶棒特定点的温度;
辅助加热器电流设定值 I分三段控制: 当温度偏差 ΔΤ' <Tm' 时, I=Imax, 即辅 助加热器输出最大电流; 当 ΔΤ' >Tb' 时, 1=0, 即关闭辅助加热器; 当 Tm' ^ΔΤ' Tb' 时, 1=10' -0. 65 Χ ΔΤ' +0. 0025 X (D/ΔΤ' ) ; 其中, Tm' 为单晶棒温度目标值 为 T (D) ' 允许的下偏差, Tb' 为单晶棒温度目标值为 T (D) ' 允许的上偏差, 且满 足: -20 °C Tm' °C Tb' 20 °C, 10 ' 为收尾阶段辅助加热器电流的初始设置 值, 其值为 0. 3Imax〜0. 5Imax之间。
PCT/CN2013/075696 2013-04-25 2013-05-16 具有双电源加热的区熔炉热场及保温方法 WO2014172928A1 (zh)

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