WO2014167877A1 - 永久磁石同期機およびこれを用いた圧縮機 - Google Patents

永久磁石同期機およびこれを用いた圧縮機 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014167877A1
WO2014167877A1 PCT/JP2014/051716 JP2014051716W WO2014167877A1 WO 2014167877 A1 WO2014167877 A1 WO 2014167877A1 JP 2014051716 W JP2014051716 W JP 2014051716W WO 2014167877 A1 WO2014167877 A1 WO 2014167877A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
synchronous machine
magnet synchronous
winding
stator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/051716
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
暁史 ▲高▼橋
恵理 丸山
勇介 浅海
渉 初瀬
Original Assignee
株式会社日立産機システム
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Priority to CN201480013392.3A priority Critical patent/CN105075071B/zh
Publication of WO2014167877A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014167877A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent magnet synchronous machine and a compressor using the same.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for enhancing the fixing force when fixing a concentrated winding neodymium magnet motor in a compressor container. In this way, technology development is also being promoted from the viewpoint of productivity improvement and reliability improvement in aspects other than the performance and cost described above, which indicates that concentrated winding neodymium magnet motors are widely applied. Yes.
  • rare earth magnets typified by neodymium magnets have high material costs, and it is necessary to add rare rare earths such as dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb) for the purpose of improving retention. Therefore, there is a problem in terms of procurement and maintenance. Therefore, it is desirable to use a permanent magnet that is inexpensive and that can be stably supplied, typified by a ferrite magnet.
  • Dy dysprosium
  • Tb terbium
  • An object of the present invention is to enable efficiency improvement in a distributed winding permanent magnet synchronous machine.
  • the stator outer diameter Dso (mm) of the distributed winding permanent magnet synchronous machine, the number P of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet provided in the rotor, and the stator core axial length By configuring so that LFe (mm) satisfies the relationship of number (1), the copper loss of the synchronous machine is made smaller than the copper loss of the concentrated permanent magnet synchronous machine having the same core axial length. (Equation 1) LFe> 1.635 ⁇ Dso / P + 50.705
  • the efficiency of the distributed winding permanent magnet synchronous machine is improved.
  • the same symbols are attached to the same components. Their names and functions are the same, and duplicate descriptions are avoided.
  • the inner rotor is targeted, but the effect of the present invention is not limited to the inner rotor, and can be applied to an outer rotor having a similar configuration. is there. Further, the number of poles of the rotor is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment.
  • the radial gap type in which the gap magnetic flux is transmitted in the radial direction is targeted.
  • the effect of the present invention is not limited to the radial gap type, and the axial gap type in which the gap magnetic flux is transmitted in the axial direction. It is also applicable to.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a stator and a rotor in a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis in a permanent magnet synchronous machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the relationship of the number (1) according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a magnetic flux utilization factor of distributed winding in the permanent magnet synchronous machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a comparison of concentrated flux magnetic flux utilization ratios for the permanent magnet synchronous machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an axial end portion of the concentrated winding stator coil in the permanent magnet synchronous machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural comparison between distributed winding and concentrated winding of a 4-pole motor.
  • the rotor 1 is provided on the inner peripheral side of the stator 9.
  • the rotor 1 is rotatably held by a bearing (not shown) via a gap G with respect to the stator 9.
  • the stator 9 includes a stator core 10 and a stator coil 12 (not shown) wound around a tooth 11.
  • the stator coil 12 arranges three-phase windings U, V, and W in the circumferential direction in order.
  • Each winding is composed of a distributed winding method that is wound over multiple teeth.
  • a distributed winding manufactured by an inserter generally, the number of slots per pole (hereinafter referred to as NSPP, NSPP: Number slots per pole and phase) q is an integer, and q is the number of phases m , The number of stator slots Qs, and the number of pole pairs p.
  • the permanent magnet synchronous machine of a present Example has the magnet accommodation hole 4 comprised so that the rotor 1 might protrude in the radial direction inner side, as shown in FIG. 3 is buried.
  • the permanent magnet 3 is inserted into the magnet accommodation hole 4, and a plurality of permanent magnets 3 and magnet accommodation holes 4 are provided along the circumferential direction, whereby a plurality of poles are formed along the circumferential direction inside the rotor 1.
  • FIG. 3A shows the gap magnetic flux density distribution when no current is passed through the U, V, and W phase coils and only the permanent magnet 3 generates magnetic flux.
  • the maximum value of the magnetic flux density is defined as Bp, max.
  • the winding coefficient is used as a general index of the magnetic flux utilization factor.
  • the distribution coefficient kd is expressed by the following equation using the number of phases m and the number of pole slots per phase (NSPP) q.
  • ⁇ Distributed motors for air conditioner compressors are mass-produced, and most of them are manufactured by mechanical winding with an inserter and at the same time adopt a concentric winding method.
  • Concentric winding is a winding method in which coils of one pole and one phase are divided into a plurality of layers and arranged concentrically. Compared with the double layer lap winding often used in large machines, in addition to being able to manufacture with an inserter, only one coil is inserted into one slot, so there is no need for insulation between layers. is there.
  • NSPP is also mostly composed of 1 to 3 from the viewpoint of productivity, and kd in each case is as follows.
  • the magnetic flux utilization factor of the distributed winding is determined not by a winding method such as concentric winding or lap winding but by a winding coefficient. Therefore, the effect of this embodiment is not limited to concentric full-pitch winding, and can be applied in the same manner regardless of the winding method as long as the distributed winding has kw of 0.966 or more.
  • the spatial fundamental wave component of the gap magnetic flux density distribution by the permanent magnet 3 shown in FIG. 3A is formulated.
  • the gap magnetic flux density distribution of a permanent magnet motor depends on the opening degree of the gap facing surface of the rotor, the so-called polar arc degree ⁇ p.
  • xr is the circumferential position (electrical angle, deg.) Of the outer periphery of the rotor.
  • stator coordinates xs When the rotor is rotating at the angular velocity ⁇ , the relationship between the stator coordinates xs and the rotor coordinates xr is as follows.
  • the magnetic flux density distribution Bp (xs) viewed from the stator coordinate system is as follows.
  • the magnetic flux utilization factor of the distributed winding is formulated by deriving the magnetic flux amount ⁇ dis interlinked with the single-phase coil.
  • ⁇ dis is calculated by the following equation for the integration interval of ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ / 2 shown in FIG. 3A.
  • l is the core axial length
  • Nc is the number of one-phase coils.
  • the unit axis length of the distributed winding and the magnetic flux utilization rate per unit winding are as follows when normalized based on Bp and max.
  • FIG. 3B shows a configuration of a three-slot concentrated winding stator and two rotor magnetic poles, a so-called slot combination 2: 3 series configuration, and most of the concentrated winding motors for air conditioner compressors have this configuration.
  • the configuration is adopted.
  • U + and U-, V + and V-, and W + and W- each constitute one set of coils, and the U, V, and W phases are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the lower diagram of FIG. 3B shows the gap magnetic flux density distribution when no current is passed through the coils of the U, V, and W phases and only the permanent magnet 3 generates magnetic flux.
  • the maximum value of the magnetic flux density is defined as Bp, max.
  • the gap magnetic flux density distribution is not a spatial distribution like a distributed winding.
  • this phenomenon is referred to as gap modulation, and hereinafter, the spatial fundamental wave component after “gap modulation” shown in FIG. 3B is formulated.
  • Equation 7 the magnetic flux density distribution Bp (xs) viewed from the stator coordinate system is as follows.
  • Equation 12 the spatial fundamental wave component of the gap magnetic flux density distribution of the concentrated winding is 0.866 times that of the distributed winding.
  • the spatial fundamental wave component is reduced by gap modulation.
  • the fundamental wave component ⁇ con of the amount of magnetic flux linked to the one-phase coil is derived, thereby formulating the magnetic flux utilization factor of the concentrated winding.
  • ⁇ con is calculated by the following equation for the integration interval of ⁇ / 3 to ⁇ / 3 shown in FIG. 3B.
  • Nc Core axial length
  • Nc From the number of turns of one-phase coil 13
  • the unit axial length of distributed winding and the magnetic flux utilization rate per unit number of turns are as follows when normalized based on Bp and max.
  • Equation 10 the magnetic flux utilization factor of concentrated winding is 0.776 for distributed winding. That is, by making concentrated windings of the same core axial length into distributed windings, E0 increases by 28.8% while current decreases by 22.4%.
  • the phenomenon of gap modulation is not taken into consideration, and it is general to calculate the magnetic flux utilization factor of concentrated winding based on the magnetic flux density distribution “before gap modulation” shown in FIG. 3B. . Therefore, the difference in the magnetic flux utilization rate between the distributed winding and the concentrated winding depends only on the difference in the winding coefficient kw, and it is considered that the E0 of the distributed winding is only increased by 11.5% with respect to the concentrated winding. Underestimated the superiority of the volume.
  • attention is newly paid to the phenomenon of gap modulation, and a technique for calculating the magnetic flux utilization rate of concentrated winding based on the magnetic flux density distribution after “gap modulation” shown in FIG. Using the results, the superiority / inferiority branch points of the distributed winding and concentrated winding described later are derived.
  • the copper loss Pcu is expressed by the following equation using the one-phase winding resistance R and the phase current effective value I.
  • ⁇ resistivity
  • L is the length of one turn coil
  • S is the conductor cross-sectional area
  • the one-turn coil length Ldis (mm) of the distributed winding can be formulated as follows using La, Lb, and LFe shown in FIG.
  • Dso is a stator outer diameter
  • P is the number of poles
  • LFe is a stator core axial length.
  • the first term of 0.95 means that the diameter of the coil end portion wound in the circumferential direction (diameter for calculating La in FIG. 7) is 95% of the outer diameter of the stator. Normally, the outermost diameter of the coil end is set to 95% or less of the outer diameter of the stator for the purpose of securing the insulation distance between the compressor chamber and the stator coil. I can say that.
  • 25 of the second term is a median value of the linear distance in the axial direction of the coil end, and the upper limit is set to about 25 mm in a general motor due to the restriction of the axial height of the compressor chamber.
  • the one-turn coil length Lcon (mm) of concentrated winding can be formulated as follows using La, Lb, and LFe shown in FIG.
  • Equation 18 Note that the following assumptions are made in Equation 18 regarding concentrated winding.
  • the first term was formulated using the model shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, it is assumed that the stator inner diameter is 1 ⁇ 2 of the stator outer diameter. The circumferential distance of the stator teeth tip at this time was calculated, and a value obtained by multiplying 0.7 was taken as the diameter of the coil end circulation distance.
  • 5 of the second term is the axial distance of the coil end in the axial direction, and the upper limit is about 5 mm for a general motor.
  • the ratio / the ratio of the copper loss Pcu, dis of the distributed winding and the copper loss Pcu, con of the concentrated winding was calculated from the difference in the magnetic flux utilization rate between the two described above. It is expressed by the following equation using the current reduction value and Equations 17 and 18.
  • the copper loss of the distributed winding permanent magnet synchronous machine is smaller than that of the concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous machine having the same core shaft length when the following equation is satisfied.
  • stator core axial length LFe (mm) satisfies the relationship of the following formula.
  • Equation 1 the superiority / inferiority bifurcation points of distributed winding and concentrated winding are expressed by a linear function with Dso / P as a variable.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the relationship of Equation 1.
  • the permanent magnet 3 When the permanent magnet 3 is composed of a ferrite magnet, it has two bending points in the circumferential direction per pole as shown in FIG. 1 and is perpendicular to the magnetization direction with each bending point as a starting point. In addition, it is effective to configure so as to extend toward the end of the pole. By adopting such a magnet shape, the surface area of the magnet magnetic flux generating surface can be increased, so that it is possible to generate a larger magnet torque than that using a U-shaped ferrite magnet.
  • the permanent magnet 3 is not limited to the above-described configuration, and may be integrally formed without being divided in the circumferential direction per pole, or a plurality of permanent magnets 3 may be arranged in the circumferential direction. good.
  • the permanent magnet 3 and the magnet accommodation hole 4 which comprise 1 pole are not necessarily limited to one.
  • the permanent magnet 3 constituting one pole may be divided in the circumferential direction
  • the magnet accommodation hole 4 may be provided in accordance with each magnet
  • a rib may be provided at the boundary between adjacent accommodation holes.
  • the arrangement of the magnets constituting one pole may be a shape having three or more bending points, a U shape, or a V shape.
  • the stator iron core 10 and the rotor iron core 2 may be constituted by laminated steel plates stacked in the axial direction, may be constituted by a dust core, or may be constituted by an amorphous metal or the like. Moreover, it is good also as a structure where the core axial length of a rotor is larger than the core axial length of a stator, what is called an overhanging structure.
  • the present invention derives its superiority and inferiority by paying attention only to the difference between the winding method of concentrated winding and distributed winding, so the magnet material may be a neodymium magnet, a ferrite magnet, or other magnet materials. But you can.
  • FIG. 5 is a vector diagram of a permanent magnet motor.
  • the fundamental effective value E0, max of the one-phase induced electromotive force generated when the synchronous machine is externally driven at the maximum rotational speed Nmax is expressed as an inverter. The following relationship is satisfied with respect to the upper limit value Vmax of the fundamental wave effective value of the phase voltage supplied to the motor.
  • a method of converting to a dq axis coordinate system (rotating coordinate system) as shown in FIG.
  • the phase of the interlinkage magnetic flux ⁇ p for one phase of the stator coil by the permanent magnet is regarded as the d axis, and the electrical angle is advanced 90 ° counterclockwise with respect to the d axis.
  • the q-axis is the axis of the ellipse, that is, the central axis between the permanent magnets having different polarities.
  • An induced electromotive force E0 which is a time derivative of ⁇ p, is generated on the q axis whose phase is advanced by 90 °.
  • phase current I applied to the motor has a ⁇ phase difference with respect to E0
  • I can be decomposed into a d-axis component and a q-axis component as shown in the following equation.
  • the stator interlinkage magnetic flux ⁇ at the time of driving is represented by a vector sum of reaction magnetic flux LdId generated by the d-axis current Id and reaction magnetic flux LqIq generated by the q-axis current Iq, starting from ⁇ p. If the voltage drop due to the electrical resistance of the stator coil is ignored, the motor terminal voltage V can be regarded as equivalent to the time derivative of the stator flux linkage ⁇ and can be approximated by the following equation. As shown in FIG. 5, V is 90 deg. Represented by an advanced vector.
  • Equation 24 ⁇ can be increased by a smaller amount of ⁇ . It becomes possible.
  • the inductance of the concentrated winding is 1.5 times that of the distributed winding in principle. That is, Ld and Lq of the concentrated windings are 1.5 times the distributed windings having the same core axial length and the same number of turns. In other words, in distributed winding, Ld and Lq are 1 / 1.5 of concentrated winding, so ⁇ is also 1 / 1.5. As a result, 1.5 times faster than concentrated winding is possible. It becomes.
  • Vmax and E0, max are comparable, and inductance is proportional to the square of the number of turns, so when changing concentrated winding to distributed winding It can be said that the number of turns can be made ⁇ (1.5) times. That is, in the distributed winding permanent magnet motor, even if the relationship between E0, max and Vmax is the relationship as shown in Equation 22, operation at a desired maximum rotational speed is possible.
  • the number of turns of the distributed winding motor is ⁇ (1.5) times that of the concentrated winding motor. Therefore, the operating current under rated conditions is 1 / ⁇ (1.5) times. Thereby, since the conduction current of the inverter is also reduced, the conduction loss of the inverter is reduced and the inverter efficiency is improved.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional structural view of the compressor according to the present embodiment.
  • the compression mechanism unit meshes a spiral wrap 15 standing upright on the end plate 14 of the fixed scroll member 13 and a spiral wrap 18 standing upright on the end plate 17 of the turning scroll member 16. Is formed.
  • the revolving scroll member 16 is revolved by the crankshaft 6 to perform a compression operation.
  • the compression chambers 19 (19a, 19b,9) Formed by the fixed scroll member 13 and the swivel scroll member 16 the compression chamber 19 located on the outermost diameter side is accompanied by a swirl motion.
  • the scroll members 13 and 16 move toward the center, and the volume gradually decreases.
  • both the compression chambers 19 a and 19 b reach the vicinity of the centers of the scroll members 13 and 16, the compressed gas in both the compression chambers 19 is discharged from the discharge port 20 communicating with the compression chamber 19.
  • the discharged compressed gas passes through a gas passage (not shown) provided in the fixed scroll member 13 and the frame 21 and reaches the pressure vessel 22 below the frame 21, and the side wall of the pressure vessel 22. Is discharged from the discharge pipe 23 provided outside the compressor.
  • a permanent magnet motor 103 composed of the stator 9 and the rotor 1 is enclosed in the pressure vessel 22, and the compression operation is performed by the rotation of the rotor 1.
  • An oil sump 25 is provided below the permanent magnet motor 103.
  • the oil in the oil sump 25 passes through an oil hole 26 provided in the crankshaft 6 due to a pressure difference caused by a rotational motion, and a sliding portion between the turning scroll member 16 and the crankshaft 6 and a sliding bearing 27. It is used for lubrication.
  • a terminal box 30 for pulling out the stator coil 12 to the outside of the pressure vessel 22 is provided on the side wall of the pressure vessel 22.
  • terminals of U, V and W windings are provided. There are a total of three.
  • the R410A refrigerant is sealed in the compression container 22, and the ambient temperature of the permanent magnet motor 103 is often 80 ° C. or more.
  • the ambient temperature further increases, so that the decrease in the residual magnetic flux density (Br) of the magnet becomes more prominent.
  • the distributed winding permanent magnet synchronous machine described in Example 1 or Example 2 above it is possible to compensate for torque reduction and efficiency reduction due to Br reduction.
  • the permanent magnet 3 when the permanent magnet 3 is composed of a ferrite magnet, high temperature demagnetization which is a problem with a neodymium magnet does not occur in principle, which is an effective measure against an increase in ambient temperature due to the adoption of R32 refrigerant.
  • the temperature coefficient of Br of the ferrite magnet is more than twice that of the neodymium magnet, the decrease in Br, that is, the decrease in magnet torque becomes more significant as the temperature increases.
  • the temperature coefficient of neodymium magnets is about -0.11% / K, while that of ferrite magnets is about -0.26% / K.
  • the compressor configuration may be the scroll compressor shown in FIG. 6, a rotary compressor, or a configuration having other compression mechanisms. Further, according to the present invention, as described above, a small and high output motor can be realized. Then, it becomes possible to widen the operating range, such as enabling high-speed operation. Further, in refrigerants such as He and R32, leakage from gaps is larger than refrigerants such as R22, R407C, and R410A, and in particular, low speeds. During operation, the ratio of leakage to the circulation amount is significantly increased, so that the efficiency is greatly reduced. Reducing leakage loss by reducing the size of the compression mechanism and increasing the rotational speed to obtain the same amount of circulation can be an effective means to improve efficiency during low circulation (low speed operation).
  • the compressor provided with the distributed winding permanent magnet synchronous machine it is necessary to increase the maximum number of revolutions in order to secure the circulation rate.
  • the maximum torque can be increased, so that the maximum rotation speed can be increased, and the efficiency in refrigerants such as He and R32 is improved. It becomes an effective means.
  • this invention is not limited to each above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included.
  • the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations.
  • a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
PCT/JP2014/051716 2013-04-10 2014-01-27 永久磁石同期機およびこれを用いた圧縮機 WO2014167877A1 (ja)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006345682A (ja) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 環状巻線電動機
JP2008228432A (ja) * 2007-03-12 2008-09-25 Denso Corp ４相回転電機
JP2009195004A (ja) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-27 Hitachi Ltd 回転電機

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JP2001115963A (ja) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-27 Daikin Ind Ltd 圧縮機
US7598645B2 (en) * 2007-05-09 2009-10-06 Uqm Technologies, Inc. Stress distributing permanent magnet rotor geometry for electric machines
CN201975962U (zh) * 2011-03-08 2011-09-14 浙江博望科技发展有限公司 一种铁氧体三相永磁电机

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006345682A (ja) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 環状巻線電動機
JP2008228432A (ja) * 2007-03-12 2008-09-25 Denso Corp ４相回転電機
JP2009195004A (ja) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-27 Hitachi Ltd 回転電機

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