WO2014161473A1 - 楼房火灾救生系统及其使用方法 - Google Patents

楼房火灾救生系统及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014161473A1
WO2014161473A1 PCT/CN2014/074541 CN2014074541W WO2014161473A1 WO 2014161473 A1 WO2014161473 A1 WO 2014161473A1 CN 2014074541 W CN2014074541 W CN 2014074541W WO 2014161473 A1 WO2014161473 A1 WO 2014161473A1
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Prior art keywords
main
air supply
pipe
supply pipe
exhaust pipe
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PCT/CN2014/074541
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵景灿
Original Assignee
郑州景灿安防工程有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 郑州景灿安防工程有限公司 filed Critical 郑州景灿安防工程有限公司
Priority to EP14778476.3A priority Critical patent/EP2982416A4/en
Priority to BR112015025170A priority patent/BR112015025170A2/pt
Priority to KR1020157031350A priority patent/KR20150138329A/ko
Publication of WO2014161473A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014161473A1/zh
Priority to HK16105341.7A priority patent/HK1217308A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B11/00—Devices for reconditioning breathing air in sealed rooms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/08—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air with provisions for reversal of the input and output systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F24F11/34—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke by opening air passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/50—HVAC for high buildings, e.g. thermal or pressure differences

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of building fire rescue, in particular to a rescue device and method, in particular And a lifesaving system used in a building fire and its use method, that is, a building fire rescue system System and its use.
  • High-rise building It has many advantages, such as high land use efficiency, good visibility and so on. But high-rise buildings also have Its inherently Achilles heel, the most significant weakness is that in the event of a fire in a tall building, the people in the building, Especially at the top, people are effectively evacuated and can only wait for outside rescue. And because of the tall building The floor is high, while the life-saving facilities (for example, high-pressure water guns, fire ladders) have a limited effective height. When the height of the floor where the fire occurred is not reached, it is very difficult to rescue the outside world. Because of these The existence of difficulties often delays the rescue time and increases the number of fire casualties.
  • life-saving facilities for example, high-pressure water guns, fire ladders
  • the present invention has been devised in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
  • a building fire rescue system characterized by The method includes: at least one forced ventilating device and at least one main gas supply connecting at least one compartment a tube and at least one main exhaust pipe disposed apart from the main air supply pipe, wherein each main air supply pipe At least one branch air supply pipe is mounted thereon; each main exhaust pipe is provided with at least one branch exhaust pipe, At least one forced venting device is mounted to the main exhaust port of the main exhaust pipe and/or the main intake air The main air supply port of the pipe.
  • the at least one compartment Included in the plurality of compartments, at least one branch gas supply pipe of the main gas supply pipe and at least one of the main exhaust pipe A branch exhaust pipe is installed in each compartment.
  • the branch air supply pipe is set a gas supply port located outside the main air supply pipe and an air inlet port located in the main air supply pipe
  • the gas supply port of the gas supply pipe is set higher than the gas supply port of the gas supply pipe;
  • An exhaust port outside the main exhaust pipe and an air outlet located in the main exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe The exhaust port is lower than the air outlet of the exhaust pipe.
  • the forced ventilator a blower in communication with the main air supply pipe at the main air supply port and/or located in the An exhaust fan at the main exhaust port that communicates with the main exhaust pipe.
  • the branch air supply pipe and the branch exhaust pipe are disposed as far apart as possible from each other, and the exhaust pipe row There should be a height difference between the position of the gas port and the position of the gas supply port of the branch gas supply pipe.
  • the compartment is provided with a seal Fire doors, or both sealed fire doors and sealed fire windows.
  • the main air supply port and/or Or a protective cover is installed at the main exhaust port.
  • the branch air supply pipe is A one-way control valve is installed in the exhaust pipe.
  • the branch air supply pipe and the The number of exhaust pipes is equal.
  • a user of the above building fire rescue system includes:
  • a building fire rescue system It includes a main air supply pipe and a main exhaust pipe, and also includes a forced air venting device, the main air supply pipe is mounted There is a gas supply pipe, and the gas supply port of the gas supply pipe is located outside the main gas supply pipe, and the air supply port of the gas supply pipe is provided.
  • the main exhaust pipe is equipped with an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust port of the exhaust pipe is located at the main Outside the exhaust pipe, the air outlet of the exhaust pipe is located in the main exhaust pipe.
  • the forced ventilation device is a blower, and the blower is connected to the main air supply pipe for A protective cover is installed at the port.
  • the forced ventilation device is an exhaust fan, and the exhaust fan is connected to the main exhaust pipe.
  • a protective cover is installed at the port.
  • the forced ventilation device is an air blower machine and a draft air machine, and the air blower and the main supply
  • the gas pipe is connected, the gas supply port is provided with a protective cover, the exhaust fan is connected to the main exhaust pipe, and the exhaust port is installed protecting mask.
  • the one-way control valve is installed in the branch air supply pipe and the branch exhaust pipe.
  • the number of the supply and exhaust pipes is equal.
  • the system further comprises an isolation room, the isolation room is provided with a sealed fire door, a window, and an isolation room.
  • the isolation room is provided with a sealed fire door, a window, and an isolation room.
  • a new evacuation principle is proposed (here Known as the “near evacuation” principle, that is, in the event of a fire, people are allowed to use the nearest evacuation side. Can be evacuated to a safe place in the shortest possible time to minimize the risk of toxic fumes Harm, to the maximum extent of protecting people's lives.
  • the building should be In fires, people usually adopt the principle of “as far as evacuation”, that is, they usually face away from the place where the fire broke out. The place moves, and in the process of moving away from the fire, the moving distance is long (especially When it is on a high floor, it will be exposed to toxic fumes and even coma. life threatening.
  • the inventor of the present invention innovatively designed the "nearly sparse" through creative labor. The principle of dispersion, and the fire rescue system that implements this principle and how to use it.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a building fire rescue system may include at least one forced ventilation device, and two forced changes are shown in the figure.
  • the gas device 13, 11 the building fire rescue system further comprises at least one or more compartments 6 a main air supply pipe and at least one main exhaust pipe disposed apart from the main air supply pipe, exemplarily, A main air supply pipe 2 and a main exhaust pipe 9 are shown here.
  • each main air supply pipe 2 is provided with at least one branch gas supply pipe 3, correspondingly, at least one branch pipe is arranged on each main exhaust pipe Trachea 7.
  • two forced ventilators are respectively installed at the main exhaust port of the main exhaust pipe 12 and/or the main air supply port 10 of the main intake pipe.
  • the main air supply pipe and the main exhaust pipe and the branch air supply pipe and the exhaust pipe may be fireproofed And / or made of insulation materials, or coated with fire and / or temperature insulation materials.
  • a plurality of compartments may be provided, and the main supply is installed in each compartment. At least one branch supply pipe of the gas pipe and at least one exhaust pipe of the main exhaust pipe, thereby Vent and ventilate each compartment.
  • the compartment can be the original space inside the building, for example, Living room, storage room, etc., so that without changing the original building structure of the building, It can realize the shelter provided by the building fire rescue system in the event of fire.
  • the branch air supply pipe is provided with a gas supply port 5 and an air inlet port, the air supply port 5 being located outside the main air supply pipe, and the air inlet port Located in the main air supply pipe.
  • the branch exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust port 8 and an air outlet, and the exhaust end The port 8 is located outside the main exhaust pipe, and the air outlet is located in the main exhaust pipe.
  • the forced ventilation device may So that is a blower 11 located at the main air supply port 10, the blower 11 and the main air supply pipe 2 Connected (refer to FIG. 2), the forced ventilating device may also be located at the main exhaust port 12 The exhaust fan 13 is in communication with the main exhaust pipe 9 (see Fig. 3).
  • the forced ventilating device may simultaneously include the main air supply port 10 and the main a blower 11 communicating with the air supply pipe 2 and the main exhaust pipe 9 at the main exhaust port 12 The exhaust fan 13 is connected (see Figs. 1 and 4).
  • the branch air supply pipe and the branch exhaust pipe may be disposed as far apart as possible from each other (refer to FIG. 4 Is shown) and causes the position of the exhaust port of the exhaust pipe to be supplied to the gas supply pipe There is a difference in height between the ports, which improves the ventilation efficiency of each compartment (see Figures 1-4).
  • the compartment needs to be densely arranged. a fire door (not shown) or a sealed fire door and a sealed fire window (not shown), In this way, in the event of a fire, fire and smoke will not spread through the door or window into the compartment, ensuring evacuation. The safety of the personnel in the compartment.
  • the building fire rescue system in order to prevent The external dust or foreign matter falls into the main air supply port and/or the main air exhaust port, and the main air supply port and/or the place
  • the main exhaust port may be provided with protective covers 1, 16 to keep the main exhaust pipe and the main air supply pipe clean. In turn, it ensures a good ventilation and ventilation effect.
  • the branch A one-way control valve 15 can be installed in the air supply pipe 3, and the one-way control valve 15 is used to ensure that the gas is along a single The direction flows through the control valve to ensure that the gas in the supply pipe flows into the bathroom and blocks the bathroom. The air in the air flows into the main air supply pipe to ensure the air quality in the bathroom and meet the people inside. Often oxygen is needed.
  • the branch air supply pipe can be The number of the exhaust pipes is set to be equal (refer to FIGS. 1-4). But this is not necessary, The branch air supply pipe and the branch exhaust pipe are installed correspondingly in each compartment, and the branch supply can be provided The number of the gas pipe and the branch exhaust pipe are set to be unequal, and the technical effect of the present invention can also be achieved. fruit.
  • Embodiment 1 The building fire rescue system shown in FIG. 1 includes a main air supply pipe 2 and a main exhaust pipe 9, further comprising a forced air venting device, the main air supply pipe 2 is provided with a branch air supply pipe 3, The air supply port 5 of the air supply pipe 3 is located outside the main air supply pipe 2, and the air inlet of the air supply pipe 3 is located at the main air supply pipe In the gas supply pipe 2, a one-way control valve 15 is installed in each of the gas supply pipes 3.
  • the main exhaust pipe 9 is provided with a branch The exhaust pipe 7 and the exhaust port 8 of the exhaust pipe 7 are located outside the main exhaust pipe 9, and the exhaust pipe 7 is discharged. The port is located in the main exhaust pipe 9.
  • the forced ventilation device is a blower and an exhaust fan, and the blower 11 is installed in the air supply port of the main air supply pipe 2 At 10 places, air and oxygen gas are input into the main air supply pipe, and a protective cover 1 is installed. Exhaust fan 13 At the exhaust port 12 of the main exhaust pipe 9, a shield 16 is mounted.
  • Supply pipe and branch pipe The function is to create an air exchange in the bathroom.
  • an isolation compartment 6 which has a sealed fire door, a window, a main air supply pipe 2 and a main exhaust pipe 9 Connect the gas supply pipe 3 and the exhaust pipe 7 in the separation chamber, and position and support the exhaust port 8 of the exhaust pipe There is a height difference in the position of the air supply port 5 of the air pipe.
  • a gas supply port 5 of the gas supply pipe is provided with a sealing cover 4, A sealing cover is also provided at the exhaust port 8 of the exhaust pipe.
  • the caliber of the main air supply pipe and the main exhaust pipe can be appropriately selected according to the height of the building.
  • Main air supply pipe, The supply and supply pipes, the main exhaust pipe and the exhaust pipe are all made of various non-toxic and odorless plastics and metals. Made of FRP, fiber, wood, bamboo and other materials.
  • the isolation room is made of a bathroom, a toilet or a storage room in the building.
  • doors and windows are sealed and fireproofed.
  • the air supply port of the main air supply pipe is around the front and rear of the building. Air fresh grass, flower beds, trees, or buildings, gables, basements, etc. away from fireworks
  • the outlet port of the air supply pipe is located inside the toilet.
  • the exhaust port of the main exhaust pipe is placed on the roof of the building At the gable of the department or at the top of the building, the exhaust port of the exhaust pipe is located inside the bathroom.
  • the ventilating device that is, the multifunctional drum that starts the air and oxygen gas at the air supply port of the main air supply pipe a fan or a blower that transports air through a pipe network composed of a main air supply pipe and a gas supply pipe to a large In the various bathrooms of the building, it can strengthen the fresh air in the bathroom in time; Various function exhaustors or suction fans at the tracheal exhaust port, through the exhaust pipe in each bathroom The port forcibly removes the dirty air inside the bathroom. So, in the bathroom through the gas supply pipe and row The trachea supports uninterrupted air exchange. Or install an automatic temperature controller.
  • Automatic temperature controller Installed in the floor where the building fire rescue system is installed, and the start system of the forced ventilation device connection. Under normal conditions, the automatic temperature controller is in a sleep state, consuming almost no energy. After a sudden fire in the building, when the temperature in the building reaches the set value of the automatic temperature controller, The dynamic temperature controller will automatically activate the forced ventilation device. When the temperature in the building returns to normal, The automatic temperature controller will automatically return to sleep.
  • One-way control valve in the supply pipe it is guaranteed The air in the main air supply pipe flows into the toilet, and the air in the toilet is blocked from flowing into the main air supply pipe. To ensure the air quality in the bathroom, to meet the normal oxygen needs of people inside.
  • the forced ventilation device is only one blower 11 installed in the main air supply pipe 2 At the gas supply port 10. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the forced ventilator is only one blower 13 installed in the main exhaust pipe 9. At the exhaust port 12, the others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, each In each compartment, when the air supply pipe 3 and the exhaust pipe 8 are provided in each compartment 6, in order to give each The compartments provide an optimal ventilation and ventilation effect, and the branch air supply pipe 3 and the branch exhaust pipe 8 can Set as far apart as possible from each other (refer to the best shown in FIG. 4), and to make the exhaust pipe The position of the exhaust port is different from the height of the air supply port of the branch air supply pipe, so that the pair can be improved The ventilation effect of each compartment.
  • the invention discloses a building fire rescue system and a using method thereof, and a building fire rescue system
  • the system includes a main air supply pipe and a main exhaust pipe, and also includes a forced air exchange device on the main air supply pipe.
  • the gas supply port with the gas supply pipe and the gas supply pipe is located outside the main gas supply pipe, and the air supply port of the gas supply pipe
  • the mouth is located in the main air supply pipe;
  • the main exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust port of the exhaust pipe is located Outside the main exhaust pipe, the air outlet of the exhaust pipe is located in the main exhaust pipe.
  • Fire rescue system placed in people In a bathroom, washroom or other compartment in a high-rise building that is residential, work, or active.
  • the people are changing In the event of a fire, the original "escape" principle of the fire building is as far as possible, and a new fire spar is proposed.
  • the loose strategy proposes a novel "close evacuation” principle, installation in the building Building fire rescue system, so that people enter safe places as soon as possible to avoid the risk of suffocation, And reducing the degree of damage caused by toxic gases caused by fires, greatly improving people in the event of fire Life safety.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种楼房火灾救生系统及其使用方法，该系统包括：至少一个强制换气装置（13、11）及通联至少一个隔间（6）的至少一个主供气管（2）和与所述主供气管隔开设置的至少一个主排气管（9），其中，每个主供气管上装有至少一个支供气管（3）；每个主排气管上装有至少一个支排气管（7），所述至少一个强制换气装置安装在所述主排气管的主排气口（12）和/或所述主进气管的主供气口（10）处。根据本发明提出了一种新颖的应对火灾的"就近疏散"策略，实现了优于现有技术的有益技术效果，例如，在发生火灾时，尽快地进入安全场所，减少火灾引起的有毒气体的危害，减少窒息的可能性，避免人身伤亡，提供安全性。

Description

楼房火灾救生系统及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及楼房火灾救援领域，具体地涉及救援装置和方法，尤其涉 及一种在楼房火灾中使用的救生系统及其使用方法，即，楼房火灾救生系 统及其使用方法。
背景技术
随着我国国民经济的发展，城乡楼房越建越多，越建越高。高楼建筑 具有很多优点，例如，土地使用效率高、视野较好等等。但高楼建筑也有 其固有的致命弱点，最显著的弱点是，在高楼发生火灾时，楼内的人员， 尤其处于高层的人员有效疏散困难，只能等待外界救援。而由于高楼的楼 层较高，同时救生设施（例如，高压水枪,消防云梯）的有效高度有限，有 时达不到发生火灾的楼层的高度，这样使得外界救援非常困难。由于这些 困难的存在，往往会拖延救援时间，使得火灾伤亡增加。
此外，根据以往的经验，火灾伤亡的最大原因不是烧伤，而是烟雾窒 息。在发生火灾时，人们通常会企图往楼外疏散，在向楼外逃避的同时， 往往可能由于起火产生的烟雾的原因而发生窒息伤亡，或者人们在逃往楼 外的途中昏倒后又可能被烧死。
因此，存在一种需求，希望能够设计出一种系统（即，可高效保障火 灾中被困人员安全的楼房火灾救生系统）或一种方法，使得在发生火灾（尤 其是在高楼中发生火灾）时，使得人们能够有效地进行疏散，防止发生伤 亡。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，设计了本发明。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在 于：包括：至少一个强制换气装置及通联至少一个隔间的至少一个主供气 管和与所述主供气管隔开设置的至少一个主排气管，其中，每个主供气管 上装有至少一个支供气管；每个主排气管上装有至少一个支排气管，所述 至少一个强制换气装置安装在所述主排气管的主排气口和/或所述主进气 管的主供气口处。
进一步地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述至少一个隔间 包括多个隔间，所述主供气管的至少一个支供气管和所述主排气管的至少 一个支排气管安装在每个隔间中。
进一步地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述支供气管设置 有位于所述主供气管外部的供气端口和位于所述主供气管内的进气口,支 供气管供气端口设置高于所述支供气管进气口；所述支排气管设置有位于 所述主排气管外部的排气端口和位于主排气管内的出气口,所述支排气管 的排气端口低于支排气管的出气口。
进一步地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述强制换气装置 为位于所述主供气口处的与所述主供气管相连通的鼓风机和/或位于所述 主排气口处的与所述主排气管相连通的抽风机。
进一步地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，在所述隔间中，所 述支供气管和所述支排气管被设置成彼此距离尽量远，所述支排气管的排 气端口的位置与所述支供气管的供气端口的位置应存在高度差。
进一步地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述隔间设有密封 防火门，或者同时设有密封防火门和密封防火窗。
进一步地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述主供气口和/ 或所述主排气口处装有防护罩。
进一步地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述支供气管内与 支排气管内装有单向控制阀。
进一步地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述支供气管和所 述支排气管的数量相等。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种上述的楼房火灾救生系统的使用方 法，该方法包括：
1）发生火灾时，及时躲进所述隔间；
2）关闭所述隔间门窗，使得外界的火焰及烟雾无法蔓延到所述隔间内；
3）开启强制换气装置
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种楼房火灾救生系统， 包括一个主供气管和一个主排气管，还包括强制换气装置，主供气管上装 有支供气管，支供气管的供气端口位于主供气管外部，支供气管的进气口 位于主供气管内；主排气管上装有支排气管，支排气管的排气端口位于主 排气管外部，支排气管的出气口位于主排气管内。
优选地，所述的强制换气装置为鼓风机，鼓风机与主供气管相连，供 气口处装有防护罩。
优选地，所述的强制换气装置为抽风机，抽风机与主排气管相连，排 气口处装有防护罩。
优选地，所述的强制换气装置为鼓风机械和抽风机械，鼓风机与主供 气管相连，供气口处装有防护罩，抽风机与主排气管相连，排气口处装有 防护罩。
优选地，支供气管和支排气管内装有单向控制阀。
优选地，支供气管和支排气管的数量相等。
优选地，该系统还包括隔离间，隔离间设有密封防火门、窗，隔离间 内有一个支供气管供气端口和一个支排气管排气端口，支排气管的排气端 口位置与支供气管的供气端口位置存在高度差。
当人们活动的高层建筑物内火灾发生时，人们可迅速进入安装有根据 本发明的火灾救生系统的卫生间、洗手间或者储藏室或其他形式的隔间内， 同时关闭门和窗（在具有窗户的情况下）。为了保证该隔间具有充足的氧 气供应，需要打开支供气管供气端口和支排气管排气端口。此时，由于卫 生间密封门和窗能够实现阻烟挡火的作用，同时支供气管不断向隔间内供 应新鲜空气且支排气管排放污染空气，因此确保了处于隔间内的人员生命 安全，避免人员因吸入有毒烟雾而窒息的危险。
另外，根据本发明的火灾救生系统，提出了一种新的疏散原则（这里 称为“就近疏散”原则），即，在发生火灾时，使得人们利用就近疏散方 式，能够在最短时间内疏散到安全的场所，最大限度地防止有毒烟雾的危 害，最大程度的保护人们的生命安全。而在世界上现有技术中，应对楼房 火灾，人们通常采用“就远疏散原则”，即，通常会朝向远离火灾发生地 的地方移动，而在向远离火灾发生地移动的过程中，由于移动距离较长（尤 其当处于高楼楼层较高的情况下），会受到有毒烟雾的危害，甚至昏迷， 危及生命。而本发明的发明人通过创造性劳动，创新性地设计了“就近疏 散原则”，以及实现该原则的火灾救生系统及其使用方法。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例3的结构示意图。
图4为本发明优选实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细介绍本发明的示例性实施方式。提供这些示例性实 施方式的目的是使得本领域普通技术人员能够清楚地理解本发明，并且根 据这里的描述，能够实现本发明。附图和示例性的具体实施方式以及优选 实施方式不旨在对本发明进行限定，本发明的范围由所附权利要求所限定。
参见附图1至4，根据本发明，提供了一种楼房火灾救生系统，该楼 房火灾救生系统可以包括至少一个强制换气装置，图中示出了两个强制换 气装置13、11，该楼房火灾救生系统还包括通联一个或多个隔间6的至少 一个主供气管和与所述主供气管隔开设置的至少一个主排气管，示例性地， 在这里示出了一个主供气管2和一个主排气管9。如图所示，每个主供气管 2上装有至少一个支供气管3，对应地，每个主排气管上装有至少一个支排 气管7。示例性地，两个强制换气装置分别安装在所述主排气管的主排气口 12和/或所述主进气管的主供气口10处。
优选地，主供气管和主排气管以及支供气管和支排气管可以是由防火 和/或隔温材料制成的，或者被包覆有防火和/或隔温材料。
通常，参照图1-4，可以设置多个隔间，在每个隔间中安装所述主供 气管的至少一个支供气管和所述主排气管的至少一个支排气管，从而可以 对每个隔间进行通风、换气。隔间可以是建筑物内的原有空间，例如，卫 生间、储物间等，这样在无需对建筑物的原有建筑结构进行变造的情况下， 能够实现楼房火灾救生系统在发生火灾时为人们提供的庇护场所。
优选地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述支供气管设置有 供气端口5和进气口，该供气端口5位于所述主供气管外部，而该进气口 位于所述主供气管内。
同时，优选地，所述支排气管设置有排气端口8和出气口，该排气端 口8位于所述主排气管外部，而该出气口位于主排气管内。
优选地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述强制换气装置可 以是位于所述主供气口10处的鼓风机11，该鼓风机11与所述主供气管2 相连通（参照图2），所述强制换气装置也可以位于所述主排气口12处的 抽风机13，该抽风机13与所述主排气管9相连通（参照图3）。此外，优 选地，所述强制换气装置可以同时包括位于所述主供气口10处的与所述主 供气管2相连通的鼓风机11和位于所述主排气口12处的与所述主排气管9 相连通的抽风机13（参照图1和4）。
优选地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，当在每个隔间中设置 支供气管3和支排气管8时，为了为每个隔间提供最优的换气通风效果， 所述支供气管和所述支排气管可以设置成彼此距离尽量远（参照图4最佳 所示），并且使得所述支排气管的排气端口的位置与所述支供气管的供气 端口的位置存在高度差，这样可以提高对每个隔间的换气效率（参照图1-4）。
优选地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，所述隔间需要设有密 封防火门（未示出），或者同时设有密封防火门和密封防火窗（未示出）， 这样使得在发生火灾时，火、烟不会通过门或窗蔓延到隔间中，保证疏散 到隔间内人员的生命安全。
优选地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，参照图1-4，为了防 止外界的灰尘或异物落入主供气口和/或主排气口，所述主供气口和/或所 述主排气口处可以装有防护罩1、16，保持主排气管和主供气管内的清洁， 进而保证换气通风良好效果。
优选地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，参照图1-4，所述支 供气管3内可以装有单向控制阀15，该单向控制阀15用于确保气体沿单一 方向流过控制阀，进而保障支供气管内的气体流入卫生间，而阻挡卫生间 里的空气流入主供气管内，以保证卫生间里空气质量，满足里面人们的正 常氧气需要。
优选地，在根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统中，可以将所述支供气管 和所述支排气管的数量设置成相等的（参照图1-4）。但是这不是必须的， 在每个隔间中相应地安装所述支供气管和所述支排气管，可以将所述支供 气管和所述支排气管的数量设置成是不相等的，也可实现本发明的技术效 果。
可选地，为了在火灾发生时向隔间提供用于降温、灭火等目的的水源， 可以利用隔间中原有的水源，或者将建筑物顶部的水箱或其他位置的水源 通过附加管道（或原有的排气管）引入隔间中。
为了更好的实现本发明的技术效果，以下提供本发明的优选实施例， 提供实施例的目的在于清楚地阐述本发明，而非限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：如图1所示的楼房火灾救生系统，包括一个主供气管2和 一个主排气管9，还包括强制换气装置，主供气管2上装有支供气管3，支 供气管3的供气端口5位于主供气管2外部，支供气管3的进气口位于主 供气管2内，每个支供气管3内装有单向控制阀15。主排气管9上装有支 排气管7，支排气管7的排气端口8位于主排气管9外部，支排气管7的出 气口位于主排气管9内。
强制换气装置是鼓风机和抽风机，鼓风机11装在主供气管2的供气口 10处，向主供气管内输入空气、氧气气体，且装有防护罩1。抽风机13装 在主排气管9的排气口12处，且装有防护罩16。
支供气管和支排气管的数量、位置对应相同。支供气管和支排气管的 功能在于营造卫生间内的空气交换。
还包括隔离间6，隔离间有密封防火门、窗，主供气管2和主排气管9 连通离间内的支供气管3和支排气管7，支排气管的排气端口8位置与支供 气管的供气端口5位置存在高度差。支供气管的供气端口5处配有密封盖4， 支排气管的排气端口8处也配有密封盖。
主供气管与主排气管的口径可根据楼房的高低适当选择。主供气管、 支供气管、主排气管、支排气管，均使用各种无毒、无味的塑料、金属、 玻璃钢、纤维、木质、竹制等材质构成。
本发明在使用时，隔离间利用楼房内的卫生间、洗手间或者储藏室作 为首选，门窗做密封和防火材料处置。主供气管的供气口于楼房前后左右 空气清新的草地、花坛、树丛之中，或远离烟火的楼房山墙、地下室等位 置，支供气管的出气端口位于卫生间内部。主排气管的排气口置于楼房顶 部的山墙处或楼房顶部，支排气管的排气端口位于卫生间内部。
根据空气性能，当火灾发生时，大楼外地面上的救护人员立即启动强 制换气装置，也就是启动主供气管供气口处的空气、氧气气体的多功能鼓 风机或者送风机，将空气通过主供气管与支供气管构成的管道网输送到大 楼的各个卫生间里，能及时强化补充卫生间里的新鲜空气；同时启动主排 气管排气口处的各种功能抽风机或吸风机，通过各个卫生间里的支排气管 端口，将卫生间内的污浊空气强行抽走。所以，卫生间里通过供气管和排 气管支持不间断的空气交换。或者安装自动感温控制器。自动感温控制器 安装在设置有楼房火灾救生系统的楼层内，与强制换气装置的启动系统相 连接。在正常情况下，自动感温控制器处于休眠状态，几乎不消耗能量。 在楼房突发火灾后，当楼内的温度达到自动感温控制器设定热度值时，自 动感温控制器将自主启动强制换气装置。当楼内的温度恢复正常情况时， 自动感温控制器将自主恢复到休眠状态。支供气管内的单向控制阀，则保 障主供气管内的空气流入卫生间，而阻挡卫生间里的空气流入主供气管内， 以保证卫生间里空气质量，满足里面人们的正常氧气需要。
火灾发生时，人们迅速进入卫生间，关闭门窗，打开支供气管供气端 口和支排气管排气端口。由于卫生间门窗阻烟挡火，支供气管供应新鲜空 气，支排气管排放污浊空气，可确保卫生间内人员的生命安全。
实施例2：
在本实施例中，强制换气装置只是一台鼓风机11，装在主供气管2的 供气口10处。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例3：
在本实施例中，强制换气装置只是一台抽风机13，装在主排气管9的 排气口12处，其它与实施例1相同。
实施例4：
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于，在本实施例中，在每 个隔间内，当在每个隔间6中设置支供气管3和支排气管8时，为了给每 个隔间提供最优的换气通风效果，所述支供气管3和所述支排气管8可以 设置成彼此距离尽量远（参照图4最佳所示），并且使得所述支排气管的 排气端口的位置与所述支供气管的供气端口位置高度差，这样可以提高对 每个隔间的换气效果。
本发明公开了一种楼房火灾救生系统及其使用方法，楼房火灾救生系 统包括一个主供气管和一个主排气管，还包括强制换气装置，主供气管上 装有支供气管，支供气管的供气端口位于主供气管外部，支供气管的进气 口位于主供气管内；主排气管上装有支排气管，支排气管的排气端口位于 主排气管外部，支排气管的出气口位于主排气管内。火灾救生系统置于人 类居住、工作、活动的高层建筑物内的卫生间、洗手间或其他隔间之中。 当火灾发生时，迅速进入，关闭门窗，打开支供气管供气端口和支排气管 排气端口。由于卫生间密封门窗阻烟挡火，支供气管供应新鲜空气，支排 气管排放污浊空气，因此确保卫生间内人员生命安全，避免人员因吸入有 毒烟雾而窒息。
利用根据本发明的楼房火灾救生系统及其使用方法，改变了人们在发 生火灾时原有的尽量远离着火楼房的"逃生”原则，提出了一种新的火灾疏 散策略，即，提出了一种新颖的“就近疏散”原则，在建筑物内设施安装 楼房火灾救生系统，使得人们尽快进入安全场所，避免窒息的危险性，以 及减少受到火灾引起的有毒气体的危害程度，大大提高了发生火灾时人们 的生命安全。
虽然已经示出并描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是可以对其进行各 种更改和替换，这并不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，将理解的是，已 经通过示例而非限定的方式描述了本发明。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：包括：至少一个强制换气装置（13、 11）及通联至少一个隔间（6）的至少一个主供气管（2）和与所述主 供气管隔开设置的至少一个主排气管（9），其中，每个主供气管上装 有至少一个支供气管（3）；每个主排气管上装有至少一个支排气管（7）， 所述至少一个强制换气装置安装在所述主排气管的主排气口（12）和/ 或所述主进气管的主供气口（10）处。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：所述至少一个 隔间包括多个隔间，所述主供气管的至少一个支供气管和所述主排气 管的至少一个支排气管安装在每个隔间中。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：所述支供气管 设置有位于所述主供气管外部的供气端口（5）和位于所述主供气管内 的进气口；支供气管供气端口设置高于支供气管进气口.所述支排气 管设置有位于所述主排气管外部的排气端口（8）和位于主排气管内的 出气口;支排气管排气端口设置低于支排气管的出气口。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：所述强制换气 装置为位于所述主供气口处的与所述主供气管相连通的鼓风机和/或 位于所述主排气口处的与所述主排气管相连通的抽风机。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：在所述隔间中， 所述支供气管和所述支排气管被设置成彼此距离尽量远。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：所述隔间设有 密封防火门，或者同时设有密封防火门和密封防火窗。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：所述主供气口 和/或所述主排气口处装有防护罩。
  8. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：所述 支供气管内装有单向控制阀。
  9. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的楼房火灾救生系统，其特征在于：所述 支供气管和所述支排气管的数量相同。
  10. 一种根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的楼房火灾救生系统的使用方法， 所述方法包括：
    1）发生火灾时，及时躲进所述隔间；
    2）关闭所述隔间，使得外界的火、烟无法蔓延到所述隔间内；
    3）开启强制换气装置。
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CN116105324A (zh) * 2023-04-13 2023-05-12 青岛市人防建筑设计研究院有限公司 一种基于无线传输的人防工程通风控制系统

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