WO2014148580A1 - Procédé de production d'eau douce - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'eau douce Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014148580A1
WO2014148580A1 PCT/JP2014/057615 JP2014057615W WO2014148580A1 WO 2014148580 A1 WO2014148580 A1 WO 2014148580A1 JP 2014057615 W JP2014057615 W JP 2014057615W WO 2014148580 A1 WO2014148580 A1 WO 2014148580A1
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Prior art keywords
water
treated
organic matter
unit
semipermeable membrane
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PCT/JP2014/057615
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
智宏 前田
寛生 高畠
谷口　雅英
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東レ株式会社
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Priority to CN201480017159.2A priority Critical patent/CN105073652A/zh
Priority to SG11201507830XA priority patent/SG11201507830XA/en
Priority to JP2014530045A priority patent/JP6194887B2/ja
Publication of WO2014148580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014148580A1/fr
Priority to ZA2015/07065A priority patent/ZA201507065B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/58—Multistep processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
    • B01D2317/02—Elements in series
    • B01D2317/022—Reject series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
    • B01D2317/02—Elements in series
    • B01D2317/025—Permeate series
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
    • C02F2301/043—Treatment of partial or bypass streams

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing fresh water using a semipermeable membrane unit for producing fresh water from a plurality of types of raw water such as seawater and river water, factory waste water, sewage waste water, and combinations thereof. .
  • Separation membranes used in water treatment are microfiltration membranes with sub-micrometer order pores, smaller ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes capable of nano-order separation, and reverse osmosis membranes capable of sub-nano-order separation It is divided roughly into.
  • nanofiltration membranes with small pores and reverse osmosis membranes are called semipermeable membranes and are classified as membranes that allow water to permeate but not solutes.
  • reverse osmosis membranes are drinkable from seawater or brackish water. As a technique capable of obtaining fresh water suitable for water, it is particularly widely applied.
  • river water used as dilution water, organic matter components and microbial components of factory wastewater and sewage wastewater vary depending on rainfall and season if river water, and change depending on time zone and season if wastewater, If so, it will vary depending on the production volume, production process, etc., so semi-permeable membrane treatment of seawater mixed with dilution water collected during periods with a large amount of organic or microbial components may cause significant contamination of the semi-permeable membrane. It has become.
  • river water, factory wastewater or semi-permeable membrane concentrated water from sewage wastewater is used as dilution water, organic matter components and microbial components are concentrated, and there is contamination of the semipermeable membrane that separates diluted seawater into permeated water and concentrated water. It becomes a problem because it becomes more prominent.
  • the disinfectant in order to prevent microbial growth on the surface of the semipermeable membrane, the disinfectant is intermittently or continuously operated as in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2. Or a flushing cleaning that periodically cleans the surface of the semipermeable membrane with a water flow as in Patent Document 7, or a cleaning liquid that is opposite to the direction of inflow of raw water during fresh water generation as in Patent Document 8
  • a flushing cleaning that periodically cleans the surface of the semipermeable membrane with a water flow as in Patent Document 7
  • a cleaning liquid that is opposite to the direction of inflow of raw water during fresh water generation as in Patent Document 8
  • the counter-flow cleaning is performed to flow in the direction to clean the surface of the semipermeable membrane, dirt containing organic components and microbial components is separated from the semipermeable membrane surface into the semipermeable membrane concentrated water, and diluted seawater is separated into the permeated water and concentrated water. Contamination of the semipermeable membrane that separates into two becomes more prominent, which is a serious problem.
  • An object of the present invention is a method for producing fresh water using a semipermeable membrane unit for producing fresh water from a plurality of types of raw water such as seawater and river water, factory waste water, sewage waste water or a combination of these treated waters. It is to efficiently prevent contamination of semipermeable membranes by organic matter and microorganisms contained in river water, factory wastewater, sewage wastewater and concentrated wastewater for diluting seawater.
  • the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (16).
  • (1) Treated water A is treated with a first semipermeable membrane unit to produce fresh water, and the first concentrated water Ac generated when treated with the first semipermeable membrane unit has a solute concentration.
  • the treated water A is passed through an organic matter / microorganism removal unit, the organic matter / microorganism removal line for reducing the organic matter concentration or microbial concentration of the treated water A and mixing with the treated water B, and the treated water A A bypass line for mixing with the water to be treated B without going through the organic matter / microorganism removal unit, and depending on the organic matter concentration or the microorganism concentration of the water to be treated A on the upstream side of the organic matter / microorganism removal unit, A fresh water production method for controlling a flow rate of the treated water A to an organic matter / microorganism removal unit.
  • the fresh water production according to any one of (9) to (12), wherein the treated waste water of the organic matter / microorganism removal unit and the concentrated water of the semipermeable membrane unit are mixed and discharged out of the system.
  • the organic substance concentration or microbial concentration is a total organic carbon concentration (TOC), an assimilable organic carbon (AOC), a soluble organic carbon concentration (DOC), a chemical oxygen demand (COD), or a biological oxygen demand. (1) comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of an amount (BOD), an ultraviolet absorption amount (UV), a transparent extracellular polymer particle (TEP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a bacteriocide and a chlorophyll.
  • the organic matter / microorganism removal unit is at least one selected from the group consisting of flotation separation, precipitation separation, lagoon treatment, sand filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, agglomeration treatment, oxidation treatment and adsorption treatment.
  • the fresh water production apparatus of the present invention when producing fresh water from a mixed water of plural kinds of raw water such as sea water and river water, factory waste water, sewage waste water or a combination of these treated waters, river water, factory waste water, It is possible to efficiently prevent contamination of the semipermeable membrane that treats the mixed water of organic waste and microorganisms contained in the sewage wastewater and the treated water.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of an embodiment of a fresh water production method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of another embodiment of the fresh water production method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the method for producing fresh water according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the method for producing fresh water according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the method for producing fresh water according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the method for producing fresh water according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the method for producing fresh water according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the method for producing fresh water according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of an embodiment of a fresh water production method according to the present invention.
  • the to-be-treated water A is stored in the to-be-treated water A tank 1, it is supplied to the first pretreatment unit 3 by the to-be-treated water A supply pump 2 and subjected to pretreatment such as turbidity removal,
  • the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 After being temporarily stored in the first pretreatment water tank 4, it is processed by the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 by the first booster pump 5.
  • the semipermeable membrane treated water that has been pretreated with the treated water A is separated into a permeable component (permeated water) and a non-permeable component (concentrated water) of the semipermeable membrane.
  • the first permeated water Ap may be stored in the first permeated water tank 7 as fresh water.
  • the concentrated water discharged from the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 (hereinafter referred to as “first concentrated water Ac”) is temporarily stored in a first concentrated water tank 9 provided with a water quality sensor 8a.
  • the fresh water production method of the present invention controls the flow rate of the first concentrated water Ac to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 according to the detection value of the water quality sensor 8a.
  • Examples of means for controlling the flow rate of the first concentrated water Ac include the first concentrated water supply valve 10a and the second concentrated water supply valve 10b.
  • the first concentrated water Ac is transferred to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 by the first concentrated water pump 11.
  • the amount of water flowing and the amount of water flowing to the bypass line 13 that bypasses the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 are controlled.
  • the entire amount of the first concentrated water Ac may flow through the bypass line 13, or the entire amount thereof may be passed through the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 and processed.
  • the flow rate of the first concentrated water Ac to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 and the bypass line 13 is a first half obtained from a detection value of the water quality sensor 8a and / or a pressure sensor 21 described later. Control is performed according to a change in the differential pressure between the inflow side and the non-permeation side of the permeable membrane unit 6.
  • the first concentrated water Ac that has passed through the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 or the bypass line 13 is merged at the downstream side of the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 and temporarily stored in the mixed water tank 14 that mixes the water to be treated B. Is done.
  • the treated water B is stored in the treated water B tank 15 and then supplied to the second pretreatment unit 17 by the treated water B supply pump 16 and subjected to pretreatment such as turbidity removal. Thereafter, the mixed water tank 14 is supplied. After the mixed water composed of the first concentrated water Ac and the water to be treated B in the mixed water tank 14 is pressurized by the second booster pump 18, it is processed by the second semipermeable membrane unit 19, and the second semipermeable membrane unit 19 is processed.
  • the permeated water of the permeable membrane unit 19 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “second permeated water Bp”) is stored in the second permeated water tank 20.
  • the permeated water in the first permeated water tank 7 and the second permeated water tank 20 is used after adjusting the pH, Langeria index, bactericidal agent concentration, and mineral concentration as needed.
  • the treated water A and the treated water B to be treated by the fresh water production method of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the concentration of the solute that affects the osmotic pressure is different.
  • high-concentration seawater or concentrated seawater, River water, ground water, sewage waste water, factory waste water, and treated water thereof having a lower concentration than seawater can be used.
  • treated water include filtered water and concentrated water.
  • FIG. 1 when the first concentrated water Ac obtained by treating the water to be treated A with a semipermeable membrane unit is used as dilution water, it is possible to effectively utilize the concentrated wastewater that is normally discharged out of the system. Is effective.
  • to-be-treated water A (for example, seawater) having a high concentration without being treated with a semipermeable membrane unit. ) Is preferable because it can be easily prepared while reducing capital investment.
  • a specific method for controlling the amount of water flow is that the treated water A is treated by the first pretreatment unit 3 and the water quality sensor 8 b of the pretreated water obtained is used. Based on the detected value, it can be supplied to the mixed water tank 14 via the organic matter / microorganism removing unit 12 and / or the bypass line 13 and mixed with the water B to be treated.
  • FIG. 1 the example, seawater having a high concentration without being treated with a semipermeable membrane unit.
  • the water quality of the water to be treated A is detected by the water quality sensor 8c, and the mixed water tank 14 is passed through the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 and / or the bypass line 13 based on the obtained detection value. Can be mixed with the water B to be treated.
  • the pretreatment unit 3 may be any process that can treat suspended substances and organic substances, for example, flotation separation, precipitation separation, lagoon treatment, sand filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, aggregation treatment, oxidation treatment, adsorption A process etc. can be mentioned and you may combine a some processing process in series.
  • the semipermeable membrane unit 6 can be selected from a nanofiltration membrane having a small pore, a reverse osmosis membrane, and the like.
  • the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 may be any treatment process that can reduce organic matter components and microorganism components composed of microorganisms, metabolites, and by-products, etc., which are to be removed, such as flotation separation, precipitation separation, lagoon treatment, Examples thereof include sand filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, agglomeration treatment, oxidation treatment, and adsorption treatment.
  • the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 may combine a plurality of treatment processes in series, or may switch the treatment processes according to detection values of the water quality sensors 8a, 8b, and 8c in parallel. I do not care.
  • the removal target substance of the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 is composed of microorganisms, their metabolites, by-products, etc., and it is preferable to measure a water quality index usually used in the water treatment field as the organic matter concentration or the microorganism concentration.
  • a water quality index usually used in the water treatment field is usually used in the water treatment field.
  • TOC total organic carbon content
  • AOC adjuvant organic carbon
  • DOC dissolvable organic carbon
  • COD chemical oxygen
  • BOD biological oxygen demand amount
  • the water quality sensors 8a, 8b, and 8c may be any sensor that can measure the organic substance concentration and the microorganism concentration described above.
  • the water quality sensors 8a, 8b, and 8c may be manual measuring instruments or measuring instruments capable of online measurement, but the water quality sensors 8a, 8b, and 8c are water quality of the treated water A and the first concentrated water Ac. From the viewpoint of being able to respond to changes instantly, it is preferable to be an on-line measuring instrument.
  • examples of means for controlling the amount of water flow to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 include various valves and three-way valves capable of adjusting the flow rate.
  • the water quality sensors 8a, 8b, and 8c are TOC meters
  • the TOC of the first concentrated water Ac is less than 5 mg / l
  • the water flow rate to the bypass line 13 is increased, and the TOC is 5 mg / l or more.
  • the flow rate of the first concentrated water Ac is controlled by adjusting the opening / closing degree of the first concentrated water supply valve 10a and the second concentrated water supply valve 10b. It is also possible to switch all amounts using a three-way valve.
  • biofouling generated inside the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 grows excessively on the semipermeable membrane surface or receives stress due to changes in the water temperature or water quality, so that organic matter is generated from the semipermeable membrane surface.
  • the biofouling substance is removed (peeled), so that the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 does not permeate from the pressure of the supply water (supply side pressure) of the first semipermeable membrane unit 6.
  • the differential pressure (flow path pressure loss) on the non-permeation side in the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 calculated by subtracting the pressure of the obtained concentrated water (non-permeation side pressure) decreases. That is, it is possible to predict the water quality change of the first concentrated water Ac from the change in the differential pressure between the inflow side and the non-permeation side of the first semipermeable membrane unit 6.
  • the opening / closing degrees of the first concentrated water supply valve 10a and the second concentrated water supply valve 10b are adjusted,
  • the flow rate of the first concentrated water Ac to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 can be controlled.
  • the pressure difference between the inflow side and the non-permeate side of the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 detects the pressure of the first supply water Af and the first concentrated water Ac, and Measurement can be performed by arranging a pressure sensor 21 that indicates a differential pressure (flow path pressure loss).
  • the differential pressure between the inflow side and the non-permeate side of the first semipermeable membrane unit is an important parameter for monitoring the degree of biofouling formation.
  • a fresh water production apparatus using a semipermeable membrane is provided with a pressure sensor that detects a differential pressure between the inflow side and the non-permeate side of the semipermeable membrane unit.
  • the change in the differential pressure between the inflow side and the non-permeate side of the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 for example, when the differential pressure is reduced by 10 kPa or more, that is, when the biofilm on the semipermeable membrane surface is peeled off, It is preferable to increase the water flow rate to the microorganism removal unit 12, and further increase the water flow rate to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 when the pressure decreases by 20 kPa or more. More preferably, the entire amount of concentrated water Ac is passed through.
  • the differential pressure between the inflow side and the non-permeate side of the semipermeable membrane unit 6 is compared with the non-added system. Even when the decrease is small, the opening / closing degrees of the first concentrated water supply valve 10a and the second concentrated water supply valve 10b can be adjusted so as to increase the amount of water flow to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12.
  • the fresh water production method of the present invention controls the flow rate of the first concentrated water Ac to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 according to the detection value of the water quality sensor 8a, or FIG.
  • a change in the differential pressure between the inflow side and the non-permeation side of the semipermeable membrane unit 6 calculated by subtracting the pressure of the first concentrated water Ac from the pressure of the first supply water Af of the semipermeable membrane unit 6.
  • the flow rate of the first concentrated water Ac to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 is controlled in accordance with the detection value of the water quality sensor 8a and the inflow side of the semipermeable membrane unit 6 as shown in FIG.
  • the flow rate of the first concentrated water Ac to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 can be controlled in accordance with the change in the differential pressure on the non-permeating side.
  • the amount of water passing through the first concentrated water Ac to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 can be controlled based on the detection values of both the water quality sensor and the pressure sensor.
  • the water quality sensor 8a and the pressure sensor 21 can be used simultaneously.
  • the flow rate of water to the organic matter / microorganism removal unit can be controlled with priority given to the change in the differential pressure between the inflow side and the non-permeation side of the first semipermeable membrane unit detected by the pressure sensor 21.
  • the amount of water Ac passed can be controlled.
  • the organic matter and microorganisms in the first concentrated water Ac include organic matter and microorganisms that could not be removed by the first pretreatment unit 3, so the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 is the first pretreatment unit. 3 and at least one preferably include different processing processes.
  • the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 performs solid-liquid separation such as membrane filtration such as sand filtration, microfiltration, and ultrafiltration
  • the organic matter / microorganism removal unit 12 performs oxidation treatment such as ozone and biological treatment to obtain solid-liquid separation.
  • Organic substances and microorganisms that could not be removed by separation may be decomposed and removed, or flocculants and adsorbents may be added to remove organic substances and microorganisms.
  • the first concentrated water Ac is obtained. It is possible to decompose and remove organic substances and microorganisms by adding a flocculant and an adsorbent to.
  • the second pretreatment unit 17 for treating the water to be treated B as an organic matter / microorganism removal unit as illustrated in FIG. .
  • FIG. 6 after the to-be-treated water A is stored in the to-be-treated water A tank 1, the treated water A is supplied to the first pretreatment unit 3 by the to-be-treated water A supply pump 2, and after pretreatment, Once stored in one pretreatment water tank 4, it is processed by the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 by the first booster pump 5. In the first semipermeable membrane unit 6, the semipermeable membrane permeate Ap is stored in the first permeate tank 7 as fresh water.
  • the first concentrated water Ac discharged from the first semipermeable membrane unit 6 flows out to a pipe provided with the water quality sensor 8.
  • the first concentrated water tank and the first concentrated water pump are not arranged, and the first concentrated water according to the detection value of the water quality sensor 8 due to the pressure of the first concentrated water Ac.
  • the opening / closing degrees of the supply valve 10a and the second concentrated water supply valve 10b are adjusted and supplied to the mixed water tank 14 that mixes the second pretreatment unit 17 or the water to be treated B.
  • the flocculant tank or adsorbent tank 22b and the flocculant addition pump or adsorbent addition pump 23b are arranged upstream of the second pretreatment unit 17, so that the flocculant and adsorbent are adsorbed to the first concentrated water Ac.
  • An organic agent and microorganisms can be decomposed and removed by adding an agent.
  • the treated water B is stored in the treated water B tank 15 and then supplied to the second pretreatment unit 17 by the treated water B supply pump 16, and at least a part of the first concentrated water Ac described above. At the same time, after being pretreated, the mixed water tank 14 is supplied.
  • the mixed water composed of the first concentrated water Ac and the water to be treated B in the mixed water tank 14 is pressurized by the second booster pump 18, it is processed by the second semipermeable membrane unit 19, and the second semipermeable membrane unit 19 is processed.
  • the permeated water (second permeated water Bp) of the permeable membrane unit 19 is stored in the second permeated water tank 20.
  • the organic matter / microorganism removal unit is preferably a group consisting of flotation separation, precipitation separation, lagoon treatment, sand filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, aggregation treatment, oxidation treatment and adsorption treatment.
  • the fine bubbles may be generated by blowing compressed air, or may be generated by rapidly depressurizing pressurized water.
  • the lagoon treatment in which the aerobic treatment is performed simultaneously in the upper layer and the anaerobic treatment is performed simultaneously in the lower layer reduces organic matter and microorganisms in the first concentrated water Ac without power. It is preferable because it is possible. In the lagoon treatment, it is preferable to stay for about 5 to 30 days in a reservoir having a water depth of usually 1.2 to 2.5 m.
  • the first concentrated water Ac is passed through the water-permeable layer, and has a function of purifying and decomposing anaerobic and aerobic useful microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes, etc. existing in the ground. Utilizing it, the organic substance concentration or microbial concentration of the first concentrated water Ac may be reduced, and then the water stored in the underground aquifer may be used as dilution water.
  • microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane there are no particular restrictions on the microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane, and flat membranes, hollow fiber membranes, tubular membranes, pleated types, and any other shapes can be used as appropriate.
  • the material of the membrane is not particularly limited, and polyacrylonitrile, polyphenylene sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, polyamide, polyester, polyimide Inorganic materials such as vinyl polymer and ceramic can be used.
  • transmission side are applicable.
  • a pressure flotation filtration that combines pressure flotation and sand filtration or a submerged membrane filtration unit.
  • so-called coagulation membrane filtration or membrane-utilized activated sludge method (MBR) in which a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane is immersed in a coagulation sedimentation tank or a biological treatment tank and filtered, may be applied.
  • MLR membrane-utilized activated sludge method
  • the membrane structure has a dense layer on at least one side of the membrane, and an asymmetric membrane having fine pores with gradually larger pore diameters from the dense layer to the inside of the membrane or the other side, or on the dense layer of the asymmetric membrane.
  • the composite film may be a composite film having a very thin functional layer formed of another material.
  • the filtration material of the organic matter / microorganism removal unit is the same material as the filtration material of the second semipermeable membrane unit. It is preferable.
  • the agglomeration treatment constituting the organic matter / microorganism removal unit is a treatment for adding a flocculant to flock organic matter and microorganisms in the water so that solid-liquid separation is efficiently performed.
  • the first concentrated water Ac that has been subjected to the agglomeration treatment is sedimented using a slanted plate or the like, and then subjected to sand filtration, microfiltration, or ultrafiltration, whereby the second semipermeable material is obtained.
  • Supply water suitable for passing through the membrane unit can be obtained.
  • the flocculants are roughly classified into inorganic flocculants and organic polymer flocculants.
  • the inorganic flocculants include aluminum flocculants such as aluminum sulfate (sulfuric acid band) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl), and chlorides.
  • iron-based flocculants such as ferric iron and polyferric sulfate.
  • the polymer organic flocculants include cationic polymer flocculants such as aminoalkyl (meth) acrylate quaternary salt (co) polymers, anionic polymer flocculants such as acrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymers,
  • nonionic polymer flocculants such as polyacrylamide.
  • an inorganic flocculant and an organic polymer flocculant are used rather than using an inorganic flocculant alone. It is preferable to use together.
  • an alkali such as caustic soda, lime, or bicarbonate, or an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • oxidation treatment examples include biological treatment, irradiation with ozone, ultraviolet rays or gamma rays, addition of fluorine or hydrogen peroxide, catalyst treatment, and the like. It is also possible to apply accelerated oxidation treatment performed by combining at least two. Considering the influence on the environment, ozone, ultraviolet irradiation, hydrogen peroxide addition, and catalyst treatment are preferable.
  • the catalyst include catalysts such as iron, copper, and manganese that can increase the oxidizing power in combination with ozone and hydrogen peroxide, and metal oxides having a so-called photocatalytic function, such as titanium oxide.
  • AOP Advance Oxidance ⁇ Process
  • a combination that generates more hydroxy radicals that contribute to oxidative decomposition is preferable, and a combination of hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet light, ozone and hydrogen peroxide, or ozone and ultraviolet light is more preferable.
  • ozone, ultraviolet rays, and hydrogen peroxide it is preferable because oxidative decomposition can be performed more efficiently.
  • the adsorption treatment is a treatment for adsorbing a relatively small organic substance having a molecular weight of several hundred or less in water to the solid surface by adding an adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent include activated carbon, ion exchange resin, zeolite, and the like. From the viewpoint that handling is relatively easy, it is preferable to use powdered activated carbon.
  • the adsorbent is granular, it is configured so that the water is filled in the column, and when the adsorbent is powder, it is added directly to the first concentrated water Ac, and solid-liquid separation such as precipitation separation or membrane filtration is performed. It is good to use in combination.
  • a semipermeable membrane such as a low pressure reverse osmosis membrane or a nanofiltration membrane is applied as the semipermeable membrane unit 6. Since it is low, a high recovery rate operation can be performed, and as a result, the amount of the first concentrated water Ac decreases. Therefore, even if an energy recovery unit is installed on the downstream side from which the concentrated water of the semipermeable membrane unit is discharged, the energy that can be recovered is small, the cost performance of the energy recovery unit is small, and it is often not economically appropriate. For this reason, the semipermeable membrane unit 6 for treating low salt concentration water is not usually recovered and is often discharged out of the system.
  • a pressure filtration unit 12 a that can be filtered with concentrated water pressure is a first semipermeable membrane unit. Direct connection to 6 is preferable because the organic substance concentration or microbial concentration can be reduced without power.
  • pressure filtration unit 12a cartridge filters, disk filters, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, sand filtration, biological carrier filtration, nanofilters, sand filtration, precoat filters, adsorbent filters represented by activated carbon and ion exchange resins Etc. can be used.
  • the first concentrated water Ac maintains a concentrated water pressure of about 0.8 to 1.5 MPa.
  • the organic matter / microorganism removal unit is a membrane separation unit adopting the cross flow method, it separates into permeate and concentrated water while washing the membrane surface with fine bubbles.
  • the fine bubble generating unit 24 that rapidly reduces the pressure of the first concentrated water Ac include an aspirator.
  • the position where the fine bubble generating unit 24 is arranged may be any position as long as the pressure of the concentrated water is applied, but as illustrated in FIG. 7, the first concentrated water Ac is concentrated.
  • the present invention produces fresh water from a plurality of types of raw water, such as a combination of seawater and river water, ground water or wastewater treated water, and a fresh water production method and a fresh water production method using a semipermeable membrane unit.
  • a fresh water production method for efficiently preventing contamination of a semipermeable membrane with organic matter and microorganisms contained in concentrated waste water.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de production d'eau douce comprenant le mélange d'une eau concentrée obtenue par traitement d'une eau d'alimentation dans une première unité de membrane semi-perméable avec une autre eau d'alimentation ayant une concentration en soluté plus élevée que celle de l'eau concentrée et ensuite le traitement de l'eau mélangée dans une deuxième unité de membrane semi-perméable, dans lequel : une ligne d'élimination de matières organiques/microbes dans laquelle l'eau concentrée est amenée à traverser une unité d'élimination de matières organiques/microbes et ensuite mélangée avec l'autre eau d'alimentation, et une ligne de dérivation dans laquelle l'eau concentrée est mélangée avec l'autre eau d'alimentation sans traverser l'unité d'élimination sont utilisées ; et le volume d'écoulement de l'eau concentrée est contrôlé en fonction de la/des concentration(s) de substances organiques et/ou de microbes dans l'eau concentrée sur le côté amont de l'unité d'élimination et/ou un changement de la différence de pression entre le côté d'afflux de la première unité de membrane semi-perméable et le côté non-perméation de celle-ci.
PCT/JP2014/057615 2013-03-22 2014-03-19 Procédé de production d'eau douce WO2014148580A1 (fr)

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CN201480017159.2A CN105073652A (zh) 2013-03-22 2014-03-19 淡水生产方法
SG11201507830XA SG11201507830XA (en) 2013-03-22 2014-03-19 Fresh water production process
JP2014530045A JP6194887B2 (ja) 2013-03-22 2014-03-19 淡水製造方法
ZA2015/07065A ZA201507065B (en) 2013-03-22 2015-09-22 Fresh water production process

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JP2021045736A (ja) * 2019-09-11 2021-03-25 東洋紡株式会社 濃縮システム
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WO2021049621A1 (fr) * 2019-09-11 2021-03-18 東洋紡株式会社 Système de concentration
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JPWO2014148580A1 (ja) 2017-02-16

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