WO2014146477A1 - 一种宽范围波长可调的标准具 - Google Patents

一种宽范围波长可调的标准具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014146477A1
WO2014146477A1 PCT/CN2014/000189 CN2014000189W WO2014146477A1 WO 2014146477 A1 WO2014146477 A1 WO 2014146477A1 CN 2014000189 W CN2014000189 W CN 2014000189W WO 2014146477 A1 WO2014146477 A1 WO 2014146477A1
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Prior art keywords
transition layer
substrate
thermal expansion
temperature
expansion coefficient
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PCT/CN2014/000189
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵强
郭磊
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上海浦芮斯光电科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2014146477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014146477A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/001Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on interference in an adjustable optical cavity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J3/26Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using multiple reflection, e.g. Fabry-Perot interferometer, variable interference filters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of optics, and more particularly to optical etalons that are capable of wavelength adjustment over a wide range. Background technique
  • Wavelength tunable devices are widely used in the field of optical communication and optical measurement.
  • Currently used wavelength tunable devices include temperature regulation, electro-optic technology, piezoelectric ceramic technology, mechanical adjustment, and micro-electromechanical adjustment.
  • the temperature adjustment utilizes a thermal expansion effect or a thermo-optic effect of the material or a combination of the two
  • electro-optic technology utilizes an electric field applied to the material to change its dielectric constant to adjust the wavelength
  • piezoelectric ceramic technology utilizes an electric field applied to the material to change its thickness to adjust the wavelength
  • Mechanical adjustment and microelectromechanical adjustments use mechanical movement or rotation of mechanical optics to change the spatial path of light to adjust the wavelength.
  • the scheme in which the motor or the piezoelectric ceramic changes the cavity length to achieve wavelength adjustment has a problem of short-term or long-term drift, and the reliability is poor.
  • the thermo-optic or electro-optical effect changes the refractive index of the cavity to achieve a wavelength-tunable solution.
  • the wavelength adjustment range is small, and it is difficult to realize the wavelength adjustment of the entire C or L-band.
  • the currently used temperature adjustment technology can adjust the wavelength range to within lOnm, so that the applicable range is greatly limited. Summary of the invention
  • the etalon of the present invention is simple in structure, convenient to manufacture, and can realize adjustment of the center wavelength over a wide range.
  • a wide range wavelength adjustable etalon comprising a first substrate and a second substrate disposed in parallel, and a supporting side transition is sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate a layer, wherein the side transition layer is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 1 .
  • a central transition layer is further disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the central transition layer being made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 2 , and the thickness of the central transition layer is smaller than the side transition layer
  • the thickness of the central transition layer is closely disposed on the inner side surface of the first substrate, and the opposite side of the central transition layer and the inner side of the second substrate have a gap of variable width The gap acts as a resonant cavity that reflects or transmits the beam.
  • the cavity length of the cavity is controllable due to the difference in thermal expansion and contraction coefficients of the two materials.
  • the center wavelength of the beam after exiting The temperature is controllable.
  • the etalon includes two substrates and three transition layers, and the substrate includes a first substrate and a parallel arrangement.
  • the two substrates, the three transition layers are respectively two side transition layers and one central transition layer, the thickness of the central transition layer is smaller than the thickness of the side transition layer, and the two side transition layers have the same shape and are erected in parallel with each other.
  • the central transition layer is disposed in the middle of the two side transition layers, one surface of the central transition layer is closely attached to and fixed to the inner side surface of the first substrate, and the other opposite surface acts as a resonance
  • the first portion of the cavity has a reflective surface S1
  • the inner side of the second substrate serves as a second partial reflective surface S2 of the resonant cavity.
  • the side transition layer is a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of ⁇ ⁇ , which is L1 at a temperature TO, and the central transition layer has a thermal expansion coefficient of ⁇ 2 .
  • the material has a length L2 at a temperature TO, and the first substrate and the second substrate are transparent materials of the same material, and the cavity length of the resonant cavity is the first partial reflection surface S1 and the second partial reflection surface S2
  • the distance L between the first collimator S1 and the second partial reflector S2 in the resonant cavity forms multiple beam interference, and the optical path difference of the multi-beam interference is 2L* n*cos( , the center wavelength of multi-beam interference is 2L*n*cos( ⁇ A:, where n is the refractive index of air, and 0 is the incident angle of the beam 12 at the first partial reflection surface S1 and the second partial reflection surface S2 , k is the interference series, k is a positive integer, and different
  • the temperature variation coefficient of the center wavelength is (Ll*al - L2*a2) / (L1 - L2) ⁇ 0, where ⁇ ⁇ is the center wavelength at the temperature TO.
  • the light-passing surface of the first substrate, the second substrate, and the central transition layer is sandwiched between the first cavity mirror S1 and the second cavity mirror S2. Angle, the angle is less than 2°.
  • the etalon includes two substrates and two transition layers, and the substrate includes a first set in parallel. a substrate and a second substrate, wherein the two transition layers are respectively a tubular ring transition layer and a central transition layer, wherein the central transition layer has a thickness smaller than a thickness of the ring transition layer, and the ring transition layer is disposed on the first layer Between a substrate and a second substrate, the central transition layer is placed at an intermediate position of the ring transition layer, and one face of the central transition layer is closely attached to and fixed to the inner side of the first substrate, and the opposite one is opposite One face serves as a third partial reflecting surface S3 of the resonant cavity, and the inner side of the second substrate serves as a fourth partial reflecting surface S4 of the resonant cavity.
  • the emission collimator and one of the receiving collimators are located outside of the first substrate, and the receiving collimator is located outside the second substrate.
  • the above-mentioned ring transition layer is a material having a thermal expansion coefficient a1, which is L1 at a temperature TO, and the central transition layer is a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of a 2 ,
  • the length is L2 at the temperature TO, the first substrate and the second substrate are transparent materials of the same material, and the cavity length of the resonant cavity is between the third partial reflection surface S3 and the fourth partial reflection surface S4.
  • the distance L; the beam emitted by the emission collimator is reflected multiple times between the third partial reflection surface S3 and the fourth partial reflection surface S4 in the resonant cavity to form multi-beam interference, and the optical path difference of the multi-beam interference is 2L*n* COS ( , the center wavelength of multi-beam interference is 2L*n*cos( ⁇ , where n is the refractive index of air, 0 is the incident angle of the beam at the third partial reflection surface S3 and the fourth partial reflection surface S4, k is the interference The number of stages, k is a positive integer, and different k corresponds to different interference levels. In this patent, only one of the interference levels is analyzed and discussed. When the temperature is T, the cavity length L(T) Ll[l+al( T-T0)]- L2[l+a2(T-T0)],
  • the light passing surface of the first substrate, the second substrate, the central transition layer, and the third partial reflecting surface (S3) and the fourth partial reflecting surface ( An angle is formed between S4), which is less than 2°.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 1 of the material having a thermal expansion coefficient of ⁇ ⁇ is smaller than the thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 2 of the material having a thermal expansion coefficient of ⁇ 2; as an optimum design, the thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 2 is much larger than the thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 1, and the coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 1 is preferably zero.
  • the wide range wavelength adjustable etalon of the present invention has the following technical advantages compared with the etalon of the prior art:
  • the resonant cavity is pioneeredly made of a material which is expanded and contracted by thermal expansion, the cavity length of the resonant cavity can be controlled to change with temperature, and the cavity of the resonant cavity is greatly improved.
  • the accuracy of the long change, because the center wavelength has a corresponding relationship with the cavity length, can adjust the center wavelength of the outgoing beam.
  • the cavity length of the cavity is small, which is not conducive to precise adjustment.
  • the change can be controlled very accurately, and
  • the controllable range of the optical path difference of the central wavelength is expanded by a factor of ten compared with the range of the optical path difference of the prior art, and the wavelength is truly adjustable over a wide range.
  • the etalon of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is easy to control the temperature change of the etalon, thereby realizing the change of the central wavelength.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the optical path structure of Embodiment 1 of the wide-range wavelength-adjustable etalon of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the optical path structure of the second embodiment in the wide-range wavelength-adjustable etalon of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention relates to a wide range of wavelength adjustable etalons comprising a first substrate and a second substrate disposed in parallel, with a support between the first substrate and the second substrate a side transition layer, the side transition layer is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion, and a central transition layer is further disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the central transition layer being made of another material having thermal expansion coefficient And the thickness of the central transition layer is smaller than the thickness of the side transition layer, one surface of the central transition layer is closely disposed on the inner side surface of the first substrate, and the opposite side of the central transition layer There is a gap of variable width between the inner side of the second substrate as a resonant cavity that reflects or transmits the beam.
  • the etalon of the present invention is provided with a resonant cavity made of a material having different thermal expansion coefficients.
  • the material used for the transition layer is characterized in that its size changes with temperature, and the cavity length of the resonant cavity is correspondingly changed due to temperature change. Controllable changes are made so that the cavity length of the cavity can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature. Since the cavity length of the resonant cavity is proportional to the change of the central wavelength, the change of the cavity length can be controlled by the change of the temperature under the premise of the incident angle, and the variation range of the central wavelength can be controlled by the variation range of the cavity length. Further, the wide range of wavelengths of the etalon of the present invention can be adjusted.
  • the etalon in this embodiment contains a temperature sensitive material, specifically including two substrates and three transition layers.
  • the two substrates have the same structure, specifically the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 107 disposed in parallel.
  • the three transition layers are two side transition layers and one central transition layer 106, and two side transition layers.
  • the numbers are 104 and 105, respectively.
  • the thickness of the central transition layer 106 is smaller than the thickness of the two side transition layers, the two side transition layers are identical in shape and are disposed in parallel with each other between the two substrates, and the central transition layer 106 is disposed in the middle of the two side transition layers.
  • One surface of the central transition layer 106 is in close contact with and fixed to the inner side surface of the first substrate 103, and the other opposite surface serves as a first partial reflection surface S1 of the resonant cavity, and the inner side surface of the second substrate 107 serves as a resonant cavity.
  • the first substrate 103 in the etalon is used to connect and assemble the two side transition layers 104 and 105.
  • the second substrate 107 is used to connect and assemble the intermediate transition layer 106 and the two side transition layers 104 and 105.
  • the first substrate 103 and the second substrate 107 are transparent materials; the first partial reflection surface S1 and the second in the resonant cavity
  • the distance between the partial reflecting surfaces S2 is L, which is called the cavity length of the resonant cavity.
  • the emission collimator and the receiving collimator are located on either side of the etalon.
  • the emission collimator 102 and the first receiving collimator 101 are located outside the first substrate 103, and the second receiving collimator 108 is located outside the second substrate 107.
  • a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of ⁇ 1 for the side transition layer which is L1 at a temperature TO
  • a central transition layer at the center 106 is a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion of ⁇ 2 which is L2 at a temperature TO.
  • the optical path difference between the first partial reflection surface S1 and the second partial reflection surface S2 to form a multi-beam interference is 2L*n* COS (e), and the center wavelength thereof is 2L*n*cos(e)/k, where n is the refractive index of air, ⁇ is the incident angle of beam 12 on the S1 and S2 planes, k is the order of interference, k is a positive integer, and different k corresponds to different interference levels Number, this patent only analyzes and discusses one of the interference levels;
  • the temperature variation coefficient of the center wavelength is (Ll*al - L2*a2) / (L1 - L2) ⁇ 0, where ⁇ ⁇ is the center wavelength at the temperature TO.
  • the change in temperature can be controlled to achieve the change of the central wavelength, thereby achieving the object of the invention that the wide-range wavelength can be adjusted.
  • Table 1 shows various related parameters of common optical materials.
  • the side transition layers 104 and 105 are made of SF5 glass material
  • the central transition layer 106 is made of fused silica
  • the length of the side transition layer 104 is 2 mm.
  • Tested, etalon product center wavelengths made from the above materials 8nm/ ⁇ o
  • the coefficient of variation of the central wavelength temperature calculated by the above formula is 0. 8nm / K o
  • the appropriate temperature-sensitive material to controllably change the ratio of L1 and L2, which can make the etalon temperature variation coefficient to any value to meet the requirements of different occasions.
  • the light passing surface of the first substrate 103, the second substrate 107, and the central transition layer 106 forms an angle with the first partial reflecting surface S1 and the second partial reflecting surface S2. Less than 2°.
  • the emission collimator 101 emits a light beam 11 through a first substrate 103 made of a transparent material and a central transition layer 106, which is refracted to the first partial reflection surface S1 of the central transition layer 106.
  • the second partial reflection surface S2 of the two substrates 107, the light beam 12 is reflected and transmitted multiple times after the first partial reflection S1 and the second partial reflection surface S2, and the transmitted light of the light beam 12 at the first partial reflection surface S1 passes through the central transition layer 106 again.
  • the light beam 13 of the first substrate 103 enters the first receiving collimator 101, and the transmitted light of the light beam 12 at the second partial reflecting surface S2 passes through the light beam 14 of the second substrate 107 into the second receiving collimator 108.
  • the etalon of the present invention forms a Fabry Perot interferometer with the entire structure, and the two partial reflection surfaces S1 of the central transition layer 106 and the second partial reflection surface S2 of the second substrate 107 form two reflections of the resonant cavity.
  • the first receiving collimator 102 and the second receiving collimator 108 respectively generate reflection and transmission interference curves.
  • the cavity length of the cavity can be controlled to change with temperature, so that the controllable range of the optical path difference of the center wavelength is compared with the prior art.
  • the range of optical path difference is more than ten times larger, and the wavelength is adjustable within a wide range, and the etalon has a simple structure.
  • the etalon of the embodiment includes two temperature sensitive materials. Specifically, it is made of two transparent materials.
  • the substrate is made of a transition layer made of temperature sensitive material. As shown in FIG. 2, the two substrates include a first substrate 203 and a second substrate 207 disposed in parallel.
  • the two transition layers are a central transition layer 206 and an annular tubular side transition layer 204, respectively.
  • the thickness of the central transition layer 206 is less than the thickness of the side transition layer 204.
  • the annular tubular side transition layer 204 is mounted between the two substrates during installation, and the central transition layer 206 is disposed intermediate the side transition layer 204.
  • One face of the central transition layer 206 abuts and is fixed to the inner side surface of the first substrate 203, and the other opposite face serves as a third partial reflection surface S3 of the resonant cavity, and the inner side of the second substrate 207 serves as a resonance.
  • the fourth portion of the cavity reflects surface S4.
  • the emission collimator 202 and the first receiving collimator 201 are located outside of the first substrate 203, and the second receiving collimator 208 is located at the second substrate 207.
  • the side transition layer 204 as a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 1 , which is L1 at a temperature TO;
  • the central transition layer 206 at the center is a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 2 ,
  • the length at the temperature TO is L2.
  • the first substrate 203 in the etalon is used to connect and assemble the side transition layer 204.
  • the second substrate 207 is used for connecting and assembling the intermediate transition layer 206 and the side transition layer 204.
  • the first substrate 203 and the second substrate 207 are transparent materials; the third partial reflection surface S3 and the fourth partial reflection surface in the resonant cavity The distance between S4 is L, which is called the cavity length of the cavity.
  • the optical path difference between the third partial reflection surface S3 and the fourth partial reflection surface S4 to form a multi-beam interference is 2L*n* COS (e), the center wavelength thereof 2L*n*cos(e)/k, where n is the refractive index of air, ⁇ is the incident angle of beam 22 on the S3 and S4 planes, k is the order of interference, k is a positive integer, and different k corresponds to different interferences
  • n is the refractive index of air
  • the incident angle of beam 22 on the S3 and S4 planes
  • k is the order of interference
  • k is a positive integer
  • different k corresponds to different interferences
  • the cavity length of the cavity L(T) L1 [l+al(T-T0)]_ L2[l+a2(T-T0)]
  • the temperature variation coefficient of the center wavelength is (Ll*al - L2*a2) / (L1 - L2) ⁇ 0, where ⁇ ⁇ is the center wavelength at the temperature TO.
  • the change in temperature can be controlled to achieve the change of the central wavelength, thereby realizing the wide-range wavelength of the present invention. Adjustable object of the invention.
  • the side transition layer 204 and the central transition layer 206 are respectively made of SF5 glass and fused silica, and the length of the side transition layer 204 is 2 mm.
  • the varisator of the above two materials, the center wavelength of the product can be adjusted to a range of 50 nm, and the temperature coefficient of variation of the central wavelength calculated by the above formula is 0.8 nm / K.
  • the appropriate temperature-sensitive material to controllably change the ratio of L1 and L2, so that the temperature coefficient of the etalon can be any value to meet the requirements of different occasions.
  • the light passing surface of the first substrate 203, the second substrate 207, and the central transition layer 206 forms an angle with the third partial reflecting surface S3 and the fourth partial reflecting surface S4. The angle is less than 2°.
  • the emission collimator 201 emits a beam 21, which is reflected by a first substrate 203 of transparent material and a central transition layer 206, in a third portion of the central transition layer 206.
  • the surface S3 is refracted to the fourth partial reflection surface S4 of the second substrate 207, and the light beam 22 is reflected and transmitted multiple times after the third partial reflection surface S3 and the fourth partial reflection surface S4, and the transmitted light of the light beam 22 on the S3 plane passes again.
  • the central transition layer 206 and the beam 23 of the first substrate 203 enter the first receiving collimator 201, and the transmitted light of the beam 22 at the third partial reflecting surface S3 passes through the beam 24 of the second substrate 207 into the second receiving collimator. 208.
  • the etalon of the present invention forms a Fabry Perot interferometer with the entire structure, and the two partial reflection surfaces S1 of the central transition layer 206 and the fourth partial reflection surface S4 of the second substrate 207 form two reflections of the resonant cavity.
  • the first receiving collimator 202 and the second receiving collimator 208 respectively generate reflection and transmission interference curves.
  • the cavity length of the cavity can be controlled to change with temperature, so that the controllable range of the optical path difference of the center wavelength is compared with the prior art.
  • the range of optical path difference is more than ten times larger, and the wavelength is adjustable within a wide range, and the etalon has a simple structure.
  • the etalon of the embodiment includes materials of two materials. Specifically, it is made of two transparent materials.
  • a transition layer made of a substrate and materials of different materials.
  • the structure of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 2, except that the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials for making the transition layer are different, that is, the side transition layer 204 is made of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of a1, and the material is at a temperature.
  • the length of TO is L1; the central transition layer 206 located at the center is a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 2 which is L2 at temperature TO.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient ct l is much smaller than the thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 2 , and the most ideal case is that the thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 1 is close to zero. That is to say, the material with thermal expansion coefficient ct 1 does not change significantly with temperature, or does not change with temperature, and the material with thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 2 changes particularly with temperature, resulting in a thermal expansion coefficient of ⁇ 1 .
  • the dimensional change of the material with temperature change is negligible compared with the temperature change of the material with thermal expansion coefficient a 2 , that is, the material with thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ ⁇ is very insensitive to temperature, and the material with thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 2 is The temperature is very sensitive.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 2 is much larger than the coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 2 , and most preferably, the coefficient of thermal expansion is ⁇ 2 close to zero, and its properties are the same.
  • the ideal material close to the coefficient of zero expansion can be selected from Zerodur or ULE.
  • Zerodur is a glass-ceramic with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion
  • ULE is a zero-expansion glass material developed by Corning for American aerospace equipment, and later gradually used in commercial fields.
  • the structure in the embodiment can be used to make the etalon manufacturing process simple, and convenient to use, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced.
  • the resonant cavity is made of a material that can be thermally expanded and contracted, the cavity length of the resonant cavity can be controlled to change with temperature, so that the controllable range of the optical path difference of the central wavelength is present.
  • the range of the optical path difference of the technology is more than ten times larger than that, and the wavelength is adjustable in a wide range, and the structure of the etalon is simple.

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Abstract

提供了一种宽范围波长可调的标准具,包括平行设置的第一基片(103)和第二基片(107),在第一基片和第二基片之间夹设有起支撑作用的侧过渡层(104,105),侧过渡层由一种热膨胀系数为α1的材料制成,在第一基片和第二基片之间还设有中心过渡层(106),中心过渡层由热膨胀系数为α2的材料制成,中心过渡层的厚度小于侧过渡层的厚度,中心过渡层的一个面紧贴地设置于第一基片的内侧面,中心过渡层上相对的另一面与第二基片的内侧面之间存在可变化宽度的空隙,该空隙作为对光束反射或透射的谐振腔。标准具能实现中心波长在较宽的范围内调节,并选择不同的材料制作,适用于不同的使用环境,并且结构简单、制作方便。

Description

一种宽范围波长可调的标准具
技术领域
本发明涉及光学领域, 特别涉及到可在宽范围内进行波长调节的光 学标准具。 背景技术
波长可调器件广泛用于光通信和光学测量领域。 目前常用的波长可 调器件使用的技术包括有温度调节、 电光技术、 压电陶瓷技术、 机械调 节及微电子机械调节等。 其中, 温度调节利用材料的热膨胀效应或热光 效应或二者综合; 电光技术利用给材料施加电场改变其介电常数从而调 节波长; 压电陶瓷技术利用给材料施加电场改变其厚度从而调节波长; 机械调节及微电子机械调节利用机械移动或转动机械光学元件改变空间 光路从而调节波长。
在上述现有技术中, 电机或压电陶瓷改变腔长实现波长可调的方案 存在短期或长期漂移的问题, 并且可靠性差。 而热光或电光效应改变腔 体的折射率实现波长可调的方案存在波长调节范围小的不足, 其难以实 现整个 C或 L波段波长可调。 举例来说, 目前常用的温度调节技术其能 够调节的波长范围为 lOnm以内, 这样其适用的范围就收到很大的限制。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术中存在的不足, 提供一种新的 结构类型的宽范围波长可调的标准具。 本发明的标准具结构简单、 制作 方便, 并且可以实现中心波长在较宽的范围内进行调节。
为了达到上述发明目的, 本发明提供的技术方案如下:
一种宽范围波长可调的标准具, 该标准具包括有平行设置的第一基 片和第二基片, 在第一基片和第二基片之间夹设有起支撑作用的侧过渡 层, 其特征在于, 所述的侧过渡层由一种热膨胀系数为 α 1的材料制成, 在第一基片和第二基片之间还设有中心过渡层, 该中心过渡层由一种热 膨胀系数为 α 2 的材料制成, 且所述中心过渡层的厚度小于所述侧过渡 层的厚度, 所述中心过渡层的一个面紧贴地设置于所述第一基片的内侧 面, 中心过渡层上相对的另一面与第二基片的内侧面之间存在可变化宽 度的空隙, 该空隙作为对光束反射或透射的谐振腔。 该谐振腔的腔长因 两种材料的热胀冷缩系数差别而实现可控调节, 当准直器发出的光束在 谐振腔中多次反射形成多光束干涉, 则出射后光束的中心波长随温度可 控变化。
在本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中, 作为一种实现方式, 标准具 中包括有两个基片和三片过渡层, 所述的基片包括有平行设置的第一基 片和第二基片, 三片过渡层分别为两片侧过渡层和一片中心过渡层, 所 述的中心过渡层的厚度小于侧过渡层的厚度, 两片侧过渡层形状相同且 相互平行地架设于两个基片之间, 所述的中心过渡层设置于两个侧过渡 层的中间, 该中心过渡层的一个面紧贴并固定于第一基片的内侧面, 其 相对的另一个面作为谐振腔的第一部分反射面 S1,所述第二基片的内侧 面作为谐振腔的第二部分反射面 S2。
在本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中, 所述侧过渡层为热膨胀系数 为 α ΐ的材 ^1·, 其在温度 TO时长度为 L1 , 所述中心过渡层为热膨胀系 数为 α 2的材料, 其在温度 TO时长度为 L2, 所述第一基片和第二基片 为同材质的透明材料,谐振腔的腔长为所述第一部分反射面 S1和第二部 分反射面 S2之间的距离 L;发射准直器发出的光束在谐振腔中第一部分 反射面 S1和第二部分反射面 S2之间多次反射形成多光束干涉, 该多光 束干涉的光程差为 2L*n*cos( , 多光束干涉的中心波长为 2L*n*cos(^A:, 其中 n为空气的折射率, 0为光束 12在第一部分反射面 S1和第二部分反射面 S2的入射角, k为干涉级数, k为正整数, 不同 k 对应不同的干涉级数,本专利中只针对其中一个干涉级数进行分析讨论; 在温度为 T时, 腔长 L(T)=L1 [l+al(T-T0)]_ L2[l+a2(T-T0)],
中心波长为 λ(Τ)=2{ [1+α1(Τ-Τ0)]- L2[l+a2(T-T0)]}*n*cos(< k, 中心波长的温度变化系数为 (Ll*al- L2*a2)/(L1-L2)^0, 其中 λθ为 温度 TO时的中心波长。
在本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中, 所述第一基片、 第二基片、 中心过渡层的通光面与所述第一腔镜 S1和第二腔镜 S2之间形成夹角, 该夹角小于 2° 。
在本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中, 作为另一种实现方式, 所述 的标准具中包括有两个基片和两个过渡层, 所述的基片包括有平行设置 的第一基片和第二基片, 两片过渡层分别为管状的环过渡层和中心过渡 层, 所述的中心过渡层的厚度小于环过渡层的厚度, 所述的环过渡层架 设于所述第一基片和第二基片之间, 所述的中心过渡层放置于环过渡层 的中间位置, 该中心过渡层的一个面紧贴并固定于第一基片的内侧面, 其相对的另一个面作为谐振腔的第三部分反射面 S3,所述第二基片的内 侧面作为谐振腔的第四部分反射面 S4。
所述的发射准直器和其中一个接收准直器位于第一基片的外侧, 所 述的接收准直器位于第二基片的外侧。
在本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中, 上述环过渡层为热膨胀系数 为 a 1的材料, 其在温度 TO时长度为 Ll, 所述中心过渡层为热膨胀系 数为 a 2的材料, 其在温度 TO时长度为 L2, 所述第一基片和第二基片 为同材质的透明材料,谐振腔的腔长为所述第三部分反射面 S3和第四部 分反射面 S4之间的距离 L;发射准直器发出的光束在谐振腔中第三部分 反射面 S3和第四部分反射面 S4之间多次反射形成多光束干涉, 该多光 束干涉的光程差为 2L*n*COS ( , 多光束干涉的中心波长为 2L*n*cos(^ , 其中 n为空气的折射率, 0为光束在第三部分反射面 S3 和第四部分反射面 S4的入射角, k为干涉级数, k为正整数, 不同 k对 应不同的干涉级数, 本专利中只针对其中一个干涉级数进行分析讨论; 在温度为 T时, 腔长 L(T)=Ll[l+al(T-T0)]- L2[l+a2(T-T0)],
中心波长为 (T)=2{Ll[l+al(T-T0)]- L2[l+a2(T-T0)]}*n*cos(6^A:, 中心波长的温度变化系数为 (Ll*al- L2*a2)/(Ll-L2)* 0, 其中 λθ为 温度 TO时的中心波长。
在本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中, 所述第一基片、 第二基片、 中心过渡层的通光面与所述第三部分反射面 (S3 )和第四部分反射面 (S4) 之间形成夹角, 该夹角小于 2° 。
作为一种优化的结构设计, 所述热膨胀系数为 α ΐ 的材料中热膨胀 系数 α 1小于热膨胀系数为 α 2的材料中热膨胀系数 α 2; 作为最优化设 计, 热膨胀系数 α 2远大于热膨胀系数 α 1, 且热膨胀系数 α 1优选为 0。
基于上述技术方案, 本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具与现有技术中 的标准具相比具有如下技术优点:
1.本发明的标准具中由于谐振腔开创性地提出用热胀冷缩的材料制 成的, 据此谐振腔的腔长可以随温度的变化进行可控变化, 大大提高了 谐振腔的腔长变化的精确度, 由于中心波长与腔长有对应关系, 可以对 出射光束的中心波长进行调整。
2.在标准具中谐振腔的腔长尺寸较小, 不利于精确调整, 但是若采 用两种不同膨胀系数的材料一起共同作用来调整变化, 可以做到非常精 准地控制变化, 并且还能将中心波长的光程差的可控范围与现有技术的 光程差的范围相比扩大十几倍, 真正做到了宽范围内波长可调。
3.本发明的标准具结构简单, 制作完成非常容易, 也易于控制标准 具的温度变化, 进而实现中心波长的变化。 附图说明
图 1是本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中实施例 1的光路结构示意 图。
图 2是本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中实施例 2的光路结构示意 图。 具体实施方式
下面我们结合附图和具体的实施例来对本发明的宽范围波长可调的 标准具做进一步的详细阐述, 以求更为清楚明了地理解本发明的标准具 工作流程和结构组成, 但不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明涉及到宽范围波长可调的标准具, 该标准具包括有平行设置 的第一基片和第二基片, 在第一基片和第二基片之间夹设有起支撑作用 的侧过渡层, 该侧过渡层由一种热膨胀系数的材料制成, 在第一基片和 第二基片之间还设有中心过渡层, 该中心过渡层由另一种热膨胀系数的 材料制成, 且所述中心过渡层的厚度小于所述侧过渡层的厚度, 所述中 心过渡层的一个面紧贴地设置于所述第一基片的内侧面, 中心过渡层上 相对的另一面与第二基片的内侧面之间存在可变化宽度的空隙, 该空隙 作为对光束反射或透射的谐振腔。
本发明的标准具中设有不同热膨胀系数的材料制成的谐振腔, 过渡 层所用材料的特点是其尺寸会随温度变化而产生变化, 该谐振腔的腔长 会因为温度变化导致其相应地进行可控变化, 这样可以通过调节温度来 调节谐振腔的腔长。 由于谐振腔的腔长与中心波长的变化是成正比的, 在入射角确定的前提下, 可以通过温度的变化来控制腔长的变化, 通过 腔长的变化范围来控制中心波长的变化范围, 进而实现本发明标准具的 宽范围波长可调。
实施例 1
在本实施例中, 为了实现上述谐振腔腔长可随温度变化而变化, 本 实施例中标准具含有温度敏感材料,具体包括有两个基片和三片过渡层。 这两个基片的结构相同, 具体是平行设置的第一基片 103 和第二基片 107, 三片过渡层分别为两片侧过渡层和一片中心过渡层 106, 两片侧过 渡层的标号分别为 104和 105。 中心过渡层 106的厚度小于两个侧过渡 层的厚度, 两片侧过渡层形状相同且相互平行地架设于两个基片之间, 中心过渡层 106设置于两个侧过渡层的中间, 该中心过渡层 106的一个 面紧贴并固定于第一基片 103的内侧面, 其相对的另一个面作为谐振腔 的第一部分反射面 S1,所述第二基片 107的内侧面作为谐振腔的第二部 分反射面 S2。 标准具中第一基片 103用于连接和组装两片侧过渡层 104和 105。 第二基片 107用于连接和组装中间过渡层 106以及两片侧过渡层 104和 105,第一基片 103和第二基片 107为透明材料;谐振腔中第一部分反射 面 S1和第二部分反射面 S2之间的距离为 L, 这个距离称为谐振腔的腔 长。
在制作成为光学元件以后, 如图 1所示, 发射准直器和接收准直器 分别位于标准具的两侧。 其中, 发射准直器 102和第一接收准直器 101 位于第一基片 103的外侧, 第二接收准直器 108位于第二基片 107的外 侧。
在本发明宽范围波长可调的标准具中, 结合上述的结构设计, 我们 将侧过渡层选用热膨胀系数为 α 1的材料,这种材料在温度 TO时长度为 L1 ; 位于中部的中心过渡层 106为热膨胀系数为 α 2的材料, 其在温度 TO时长度为 L2。
对于本发明的标准具来说,光束在第一部分反射面 S1和第二部分反 射面 S2之间多次反射形成多光束干涉的光程差为 2L*n*COS(e), 其中心 波长为 2L*n*cos(e)/k, 其中 n为空气的折射率, Θ为光束 12在 S1和 S2 面的入射角, k为干涉级数, k为正整数, 不同 k对应不同的干涉级数, 本专利中只针对其中一个干涉级数进行分析讨论;
在温度为 T时,谐振腔的腔长 L(T)=L1 [l+al(T-T0)]_ L2[l+a2(T-T0)], 其中心波长为 X(T)=2{Ll[l+al(T-T0)]- L2[l+a2(T-T0)]}*n*cos(e)/k。
则对于本发明的标准具来说, 中心波长的温度变化系数为 (Ll*al- L2*a2)/(L1-L2)^0, 其中 λθ为温度 TO时的中心波长。 在知道两种温度 敏感材料的热膨胀系数的前提下, 并且测算除了 T0时的中心波长, 可 以控制温度的变化来实现中心波长的变化, 进而实现本发明宽范围波长 可调的发明目的。
表 1为常用光学材料的各项相关参数,如侧过渡层 104和 105选用 SF5玻璃材料, 中心过渡层 106选用熔融石英两种材料, 侧过渡层 104 的长度为 2mm。 经过测试, 利用上述材料制作出的标准具产品中心波长 的调节范围可达 50nm,而利用上述公式计算出来的中心波长温度变化系 数为 0. 8nm/K o
表 1 :常用光学材料相关参数
Figure imgf000009_0001
据此, 我们可以挑选适当的温度敏感材料来可控地改变 L1和 L2的 比值, 能够使得标准具的温度变化系数为任意值, 以满足不同场合的使 用要求。为了防止次级干涉, 第一基片 103、第二基片 107、 中心过渡层 106的通光面与所述第一部分反射面 S1和第二部分反射面 S2之间形成 夹角, 该夹角小于 2° 。
在本发明波长可调标准具中, 发射准直器 101发出光束 11, 经过透 明材料制成的第一基片 103和中心过渡层 106, 在中心过渡层 106的第 一部分反射面 S1折射到第二基片 107的第二部分反射面 S2,光束 12在 第一部分反射 S1和第二部分反射面 S2之后多次反射和透射, 光束 12 在第一部分反射面 S1的透射光再次通过中心过渡层 106和第一基片 103 的光束 13进入第一接收准直器 101,光束 12在第二部分反射面 S2的透 射光通过第二基片 107的光束 14进入第二接收准直器 108。
本发明中的标准具以整个结构形成一个法布里珀罗干涉仪, 以中心 过渡层 106的第一部分反射面 S1和第二基片 107的第二部分反射面 S2 形成谐振腔的两个反射面, 第一接收准直器 102和第二接收准直器 108 分别产生反射和透射干涉曲线。 标准具中由于谐振腔是用可以热胀冷缩 的材料制成的, 谐振腔的腔长可以随温度的变化进行可控变化, 使得中 心波长的光程差的可控范围与现有技术的光程差的范围相比扩大十几 倍, 真正做到了宽范围内波长可调, 并且该标准具的结构简单。
实施例 2
在本实施例中, 为了实现上述谐振腔腔长可随温度变化而变化, 本 实施例中标准具包含有两块温度敏感材料。 具体是有两个透明材料制成 的基片和温度敏感材料制成的过渡层。 如图 2所示, 这两个基片包括有 平行设置的第一基片 203和第二基片 207, 两片过渡层分别为一片中心 过渡层 206和一个环形管状的侧过渡层 204。 中心过渡层 206的厚度小 于侧过渡层 204的厚度, 安装时环形管状的侧过渡层 204架设于两个基 片之间, 中心过渡层 206设置于侧过渡层 204的中间。 中心过渡层 206 的一个面紧贴并固定于第一基片 203的内侧面, 其相对的另一个面作为 谐振腔的第三部分反射面 S3,所述第二基片 207的内侧面作为谐振腔的 第四部分反射面 S4。
当制作成为一个光学元件时, 如图 2所示, 发射准直器 202和第一 接收准直器 201位于第一基片 203的外侧, 第二接收准直器 208位于第 二基片 207的外侧。 结合上述的结构设计, 我们将侧过渡层 204选用热 膨胀系数为 α 1的材料, 这种材料在温度 TO时长度为 L1 ; 位于中部的 中心过渡层 206为热膨胀系数为 α 2的材料, 其在温度 TO时长度为 L2。 标准具中第一基片 203为用于连接和组装侧过渡层 204。 第二基片 207 用于连接和组装中间过渡层 206以及侧过渡层 204, 第一基片 203和第 二基片 207为透明材料;谐振腔中第三部分反射面 S3和第四部分反射面 S4之间的距离为 L, 这个距离称为谐振腔的腔长。
对于本发明的标准具来说,光束在第三部分反射面 S3和第四部分反 射面 S4之间多次反射形成多光束干涉的光程差为 2L*n*COS(e), 其中心 波长为 2L*n*cos(e)/k, 其中 n为空气的折射率, Θ为光束 22在 S3和 S4 面的入射角, k为干涉级数, k为正整数, 不同 k对应不同的干涉级数, 本专利中只针对其中一个干涉级数进行分析讨论。
在温度为 T时,谐振腔的腔长 L(T)=L1 [l+al(T-T0)]_ L2[l+a2(T-T0)], 其中心波长为 A T)=2{Ll[l+al(T-T0)]- L2[l+a2(T-T0)]}*n*cos(e)/k。
则对于本发明的标准具来说, 中心波长的温度变化系数为 (Ll*al- L2*a2)/(L1-L2)^0, 其中 λθ为温度 TO时的中心波长。 在知道两种温度 敏感材料的热膨胀系数的前提下, 并且测算除了 T0时的中心波长, 可 以控制温度的变化来实现中心波长的变化, 进而实现本发明宽范围波长 可调的发明目的。
根据表 1中常用光学材料的各项相关参数,如侧过渡层 204和中心过 渡层 206分别选用 SF5玻璃和熔融石英两种材料, 侧过渡层 204的长度 为 2mm。 利用上述两种材料制作的标准具, 该产品的中心波长调节范围 可达 50nm, 而利用上述公式计算出来中心波长的温度变化系数为 0. 8nm/K。
据此,我们可以挑选适当的温度敏感材料来可控地改变 L1和 L2的 比值, 能够使得标准具的温度变化系数为任意值, 以满足不同场合的使 用要求。 另外, 为了防止次级干涉, 第一基片 203、第二基片 207、 中心 过渡层 206的通光面与所述第三部分反射面 S3和第四部分反射面 S4之 间形成夹角, 该夹角小于 2° 。
在含有本发明波长可调标准具的光学元件中, 发射准直器 201发出 光束 21, 经过透明材料制成的第一基片 203和中心过渡层 206, 在中心 过渡层 206的第三部分反射面 S3折射到第二基片 207的第四部分反射面 S4,光束 22在第三部分反射面 S3和第四部分反射面 S4之后多次反射和 透射,光束 22在 S3面的透射光再次通过中心过渡层 206和第一基片 203 的光束 23进入第一接收准直器 201,光束 22在第三部分反射面 S3的透 射光通过第二基片 207的光束 24进入第二接收准直器 208。
本发明中的标准具以整个结构形成一个法布里珀罗干涉仪, 以中心 过渡层 206的第一部分反射面 S1和第二基片 207的第四部分反射面 S4 形成谐振腔的两个反射面, 第一接收准直器 202和第二接收准直器 208 分别产生反射和透射干涉曲线。 标准具中由于谐振腔是用可以热胀冷缩 的材料制成的, 谐振腔的腔长可以随温度的变化进行可控变化, 使得中 心波长的光程差的可控范围与现有技术的光程差的范围相比扩大十几 倍, 真正做到了宽范围内波长可调, 并且该标准具的结构简单。
实施例 3
在本实施例中, 为了实现上述谐振腔腔长可随温度变化而变化, 本 实施例中标准具包含有两种材质的材料。 具体是有两个透明材料制成的 基片和不同材质的材料制成的过渡层。 本实施例与实施例 2的结构形式 是相同的, 不同之处在于制作过渡层的两种材质热膨胀系数差别较大, 即侧过渡层 204选用热膨胀系数为 a 1的材料,这种材料在温度 TO时长 度为 L1 ; 位于中部的中心过渡层 206为热膨胀系数为 α 2的材料, 其在 温度 TO时长度为 L2。其中, 热膨胀系数 ct l远小于热膨胀系数 α 2, 最 理想情况是热膨胀系数为 α 1接近于零。 也就是说, 热膨胀系数为 ct 1 的材料随温度变化其尺寸变化不明显, 或者不随温度变化而变化, 而热 膨胀系数为 α 2 的材料随温度变化特别明显, 导致的结果是热膨胀系数 为 α 1的材料随温度变化造成的尺寸变化与热膨胀系数为 a 2的材料随 温度变化相比可以忽略, 也就是说热膨胀系数为 α ΐ的材料对温度非常 不敏感, 而热膨胀系数为 α 2的材料对温度非常敏感。 当然, 也可以热 膨胀系数 α 2远大于热膨胀系数 α 2, 最理想情况是热膨胀系数为 α 2 接近于零, 其性质是一样的。 现实中理想的接近于零膨胀系数的材料可 以选择 Zerodur或 ULE。其中, Zerodur为一种热膨胀系数极低的微晶玻 璃; ULE为零膨胀玻璃材料, 是 Corning公司专门为美国航空航天设备 开发的, 后来逐步用到商业领域。
选用本实施例中的结构可以使得标准具的制造工艺简单, 而且使用 方便, 大幅度地降低制造成本。
本发明的标准具中由于谐振腔是用可以热胀冷缩的材料制成的, 谐 振腔的腔长可以随温度的变化进行可控变化, 使得中心波长的光程差的 可控范围与现有技术的光程差的范围相比扩大十几倍, 真正做到了宽范 围内波长可调, 并且该标准具的结构简单。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种宽范围波长可调的标准具,该标准具包括有平行设置的第一 基片和第二基片,在第一基片和第二基片之间具有谐振腔,其特征在于, 在所述第一基片和第二基片之间夹设有起支撑作用的侧过渡层, 该侧过 渡层由一种热膨胀系数为 α ΐ 的材料制成, 在第一基片和第二基片之间 还设有中心过渡层,该中心过渡层由一种热膨胀系数为 α 2的材料制成, 且所述中心过渡层的厚度小于所述侧过渡层的厚度, 所述中心过渡层的 一个面紧贴地设置于所述第一基片的内侧面, 中心过渡层上相对的另一 面与第二基片的内侧面之间存在的空隙, 该空隙为对光束反射或透射的 所述谐振腔, 该谐振腔的腔长随加于热膨胀系数为 α ΐ 的材料和热膨胀 系数为 α 2的材料的温度变化而可控变化。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的一种宽范围波长可调的标准具, 其特征在 于, 所述的侧过渡层设有两片, 两片侧过渡层形状相同且相互平行地架 设于两个基片之间, 所述的中心过渡层设置于两个侧过渡层的中间, 该 中心过渡层的一个面作为谐振腔的第一部分反射面(S1 ),所述第二基片 的内侧面作为谐振腔的第二部分反射面(S2)。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的一种宽范围波长可调的标准具, 其特征在 于, 所述侧过渡层为热膨胀系数为 α 1 的材料, 其在温度 TO时长度为 L1 ,所述中心过渡层为热膨胀系数为 a 2的材料,其在温度 TO时长度为 L2, 所述第一基片和第二基片为同材质的透明材料, 所述谐振腔的腔长 为所述第一部分反射面(S1 ) 和第二部分反射面(S2)之间的距离 L; 入射的光束在谐振腔中第一部分反射面(S1 )和第二部分反射面(S2) 之间多次反射形成多光束干涉, 该多光束干涉的光程差为 2L*n*COS ( , 多光束干涉的中心波长为 2L*n*COS(6> k, 其中 n为空气的折射率, Θ为 光束在第一部分反射面 (S1 )和第二部分反射面(S2) 的入射角, k为 干涉级数;
在温度为 T时, 腔长 L(T)=Ll[l+al(T-T0)]- L2[l+a2(T-T0)], 中心波长为 X T)=2{Ll [l+al(T-T0)]- L2 [ 1 +a2(T-T0)] } *η* cos(d)/ , 中心波长的温度变化系数为 (Ll *al- L2*a2)/(L1-L2)^0, 其中 λθ为 温度 TO时的中心波长。
4.根据权利要求 3所述的一种宽范围波长可调的标准具, 其特征在 于, 所述第一基片、 第二基片、 中心过渡层的通光面与所述第一部分反 射面(S1 )和第二部分反射面 (S2 )形成夹角, 该夹角小于 2 ° 。
5.根据权利要求 1所述的一种宽范围波长可调的标准具,其特征在 于, 所述的侧过渡层为一个管状的环过渡层, 所述的中心过渡层的厚度 小于环过渡层的厚度, 所述的环过渡层架设于所述第一基片和第二基片 之间, 所述的中心过渡层放置于环过渡层的中间位置, 该中心过渡层的 一个面紧贴并固定于第一基片的内侧面, 其相对的另一个面作为谐振腔 的第三部分反射面 (S3), 所述第二基片的内侧面作为谐振腔的第四部 分反射面(S4)。
6.根据权利要求 5所述的一种宽范围波长可调的标准具, 其特征在 于, 所述环过渡层为热膨胀系数为 a 1 的材料, 其在温度 TO时长度为 L1 ,所述中心过渡层为热膨胀系数为 a 2的材料,其在温度 TO时长度为 L2, 所述第一基片和第二基片为同材质的透明材料, 谐振腔的腔长为所 述第三部分反射面(S3 )和第四部分反射面(S4 )之间的距离 L; 发射 准直器发出的光束在谐振腔中第三部分反射面(S3 )和第四部分反射面
( S4 ) 之间多次反射形成多光束干涉, 该多光束干涉的光程差为 2L*n*cos( , 多光束干涉的中心波长为 2L*n*cos( A, 其中 n为空气的 折射率, Θ为光束在第三部分反射面(S3 )和第四部分反射面(S4 ) 的 入射角, k为干涉级数;
在温度为 T时, 腔长 L(T)=L1 [l+al(T-T0)]- L2[l+a2(T-T0)], 中心波长为 λ(Τ)=2{ [1+α1(Τ-Τ0)]- L2[ 1 +a2(T-T0)] } *n*cos(^ , 中心波长的温度变化系数为 (Ll *al- L2*a2)/(L1-L2)^0, 其中 λθ为 温度 TO时的中心波长。
7.根据权利要求 6所述的一种宽范围波长可调的标准具, 其特征在 于, 所述第一基片、 第二基片、 中心过渡层的通光面与所述第三部分反 射面 (S3 )和第四部分反射面(S4)之间形成夹角, 该夹角小于 2° 。
8.根据权利要求 3或 6所述的一种宽范围波长可调的标准具,其特 征在于,所述热膨胀系数为 α 1的材料中热膨胀系数 α 1小于热膨胀系数 为 α 2的材料中热膨胀系数 a 2, 热膨胀系数为 α 1的材料中热膨胀系数
1优选为 0。
9.根据权利要求 8所述的一种宽范围波长可调的标准具,其特征在 于,所述热膨胀系数为 α 1的材料为热膨胀系数极低的微晶玻璃 Zer0dur、 或为零膨胀系数玻璃材料 ULE。
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