WO2014139316A1 - 可变压缩比发动机 - Google Patents

可变压缩比发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014139316A1
WO2014139316A1 PCT/CN2013/091078 CN2013091078W WO2014139316A1 WO 2014139316 A1 WO2014139316 A1 WO 2014139316A1 CN 2013091078 W CN2013091078 W CN 2013091078W WO 2014139316 A1 WO2014139316 A1 WO 2014139316A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sprocket
cylinder head
cylinder
cam
camshaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/091078
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范伟俊
Original Assignee
Fan Weijun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fan Weijun filed Critical Fan Weijun
Publication of WO2014139316A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014139316A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D15/00Varying compression ratio
    • F02D15/04Varying compression ratio by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/04Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
    • F02B75/041Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads by means of cylinder or cylinderhead positioning
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an engine, and more particularly to a variable compression ratio engine.
  • the compression ratio of the engine is the ratio of the cylinder volume when the piston moves to the bottom dead center and the cylinder volume when the piston moves to the top dead center.
  • the compression ratio of the conventional engine is generally fixed.
  • foreign countries have begun to turn the research direction to the engine with variable compression ratio to adapt to different requirements of the compression ratio of the engine under different working conditions.
  • the engine is at medium and low load, In order to improve the engine's emission level, a larger compression ratio is required, and at a higher load, a higher supercharging pressure is required, and the compression ratio needs to be lowered, which can improve the fuel economy and output power of the engine.
  • Engines with variable compression ratios, but most of them are complicated in structure, difficult to process, and inconvenient to put into mass production.
  • the present invention provides an engine of variable compression ratio.
  • a variable compression ratio engine includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a cylinder head cover, a cylinder barrel, a crankshaft, a connecting rod and a piston, and is characterized by:
  • a groove is arranged in a center of a top end of the cylinder head, a wheel is arranged in the groove, a center of the wheel is perforated and connected to the horizontal pin through a bearing, and both ends of the horizontal pin are connected to the inner side of the groove;
  • a cam is disposed above the wheel, the convex portion of the cam is in contact with the wheel when rotated downward, the cam is fixedly coupled to the cam shaft, and one end of the cam shaft is provided with a camshaft sprocket, a camshaft chain
  • the transmission mechanism includes a left sprocket, a right sprocket, an adjustment rod, a sleeve, a driving gear, a driven gear And a chain, wherein the left sprocket and the right sprocket are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the middle of the crank sprocket and the camshaft sprocket, and the centers of the left sprocket and the right sprocket are radially fixed at both ends of the adjusting rod, and the adjusting rod is The middle part is
  • the sleeve is fixed on the cylinder block and the middle part is open, and the driven gear and the adjustment rod tooth pattern in the opening mesh with each other, the driven gear
  • the front end is provided with a driving gear coaxial with it and driven by a driving gear, and the chain is placed on the crank sprocket, the left sprocket, the camshaft sprocket and the right sprocket.
  • the upper edge of the cylinder head is connected to the lower edge of the cylinder head cover by a retractable upper rubber sleeve, and the lower edge of the cylinder head is connected to the upper edge of the cylinder body through a retractable lower rubber sleeve;
  • Two pins are symmetrically disposed on the lower left side and the lower right side of the cover, and the left and right upper sides of the cylinder are symmetrically provided with a sleeve slidingly engaged with the pin, and the outer side of the pin and the sleeve is sleeved with a spring;
  • the lower end of the cylinder head is formed in a piston shape that can slide up and down along the cylinder.
  • the drive gear is driven by a motor through a worm.
  • each wheel is symmetrically provided with two balance rods sleeved on the outer side of the cam shaft, and the lower end of the balance rod is fixed on the cylinder head, and the upper ends of each group of balance rods are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the cross rod by screws .
  • a cylinder head ring for preventing air leakage is provided outside the lower end of the piston-shaped cylinder head.
  • a groove is arranged in a center of a top end of the cylinder head, a wheel is arranged in the groove, a center of the wheel is perforated and connected to the horizontal pin through a bearing, and both ends of the horizontal pin are connected to the inner side of the groove;
  • a cam is disposed above the wheel, and the convex portion of the cam is in contact with the wheel when rotated downward.
  • the cam is fixedly coupled to the camshaft, and one end of the camshaft is provided with a camshaft sprocket driven by a crankshaft sprocket at one end of the crankshaft through a transmission member, the crankshaft is rotated for 2 weeks, and the cam is rotated for 1 week;
  • the transmission mechanism includes a left sprocket, a right sprocket, an adjustment rod, a sleeve, a driving gear, a driven gear and a chain, wherein the left sprocket and the right sprocket are respectively disposed between the crank sprocket and the camshaft sprocket
  • the center of the left sprocket and the right sprocket are radially fixed at the two ends of the adjusting rod, and the upper part of the adjusting rod is provided with a tooth pattern, and
  • the upper edge of the cylinder head is connected to the lower edge of the cylinder head cover by a retractable upper rubber sleeve, and the lower edge of the cylinder head is connected to the upper edge of the cylinder body through a retractable lower rubber sleeve;
  • Two pins are symmetrically disposed on the lower left side and the lower right side of the cover, and the left and right upper sides of the cylinder are symmetrically provided with a sleeve slidingly engaged with the pin, and the outer side of the pin and the sleeve is sleeved with a spring;
  • the lower end of the cylinder head is fixedly coupled to the upper end of the cylinder.
  • the drive gear is driven by a motor through a worm.
  • each wheel is symmetrically provided with two balance rods sleeved on the outer side of the cam shaft, and the lower end of the balance rod is fixed on the cylinder head, and the upper ends of each group of balance rods are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the cross rod by screws .
  • the cylinder wall of the cylinder head and the cylinder tube is provided with a water flow pipe through which cooling water can be passed, wherein the water inlet is provided at one side of the cylinder head, and the water outlet is provided at the other side of the cylinder head.
  • the invention cooperates with the camshaft sprocket, the crankshaft sprocket and the transmission mechanism to make the cam and the crankshaft
  • the relative angle between them changes, and the distance between the cylinder head and the piston becomes larger or smaller when ignition or combustion is achieved, thereby changing the compression ratio of the engine.
  • the structure of the invention has the advantages of convenient control and can effectively improve the power of the engine.
  • the biggest advantage is that the engine with small displacement can also output the power and torque comparable to the large displacement engine, and the fuel consumption is less and the emission is lower. , can effectively improve fuel economy and improve fuel economy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic rear view of the transmission mechanism.
  • cylinder 1 piston 2, cylinder 3, lower rubber sleeve 4, air inlet 5, upper rubber sleeve 6, intake cam 7, intake camshaft 8, cross pin 9, balance bar 10, crossbar 11, cam 12, camshaft 13, wheel 14, exhaust cam 15, exhaust camshaft 16, cylinder head 17, cylinder head cover 18, exhaust port 19, pin 20, spring 21, sleeve 22, cylinder head Ring 23, connecting rod 24, crank 25, crankshaft 26, water inlet 27, water outlet 28, water flow conduit 29, left sprocket 30, drive gear 31, camshaft sprocket 32, motor 33, right sprocket 34, adjustment rod 35, driven gear 36, sleeve 37, crank sprocket 38, chain 39.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional structural view showing the movement of the cylinder head to the upper end and the lower end of the present embodiment.
  • the longitudinal section of the engine is visible, including the cylinder block 1, the cylinder head 17 and the cylinder head 17 disposed above.
  • a cylinder head cover 18 is provided with a cylinder 3, a piston 2, a connecting rod 24, a crank 25 and a crankshaft 26 in the cylinder 1.
  • a groove is arranged in the center of the top end of the cylinder head 17, and a wheel 14 is arranged in the groove.
  • the wheel 14 is perforated at the center and connected to the cross pin 9 through a bearing. Both ends of the cross pin 9 are connected to the inner side of the groove;
  • the cam 12 and the cam 12 are fixedly coupled to the camshaft 13.
  • a camshaft sprocket 32 is provided at one end of the camshaft 13.
  • the camshaft sprocket 32 is driven by a crankshaft sprocket 38 at the end of the crankshaft 38 through a transmission mechanism.
  • the circumference of the shaft sprocket 32 is designed to be twice that of the crank sprocket 38, and the crankshaft 26 is rotated 2 weeks, the cam 12 is rotated 1 week, and the projection and the wheel are rotated when the projection of the cam 12 is rotated downward.
  • the 14th phase contacts and presses down the wheel 14 to move the cylinder head 17 downward; the upper edge of the cylinder head 17 is connected to the lower edge of the cylinder head cover 18 by a retractable upper rubber sleeve 6, the cylinder head 17 The lower edge is connected to the upper edge of the cylinder 1 through the retractable lower rubber sleeve 4; the cylinder head 17 is symmetrically provided with two pins 20 on the left lower side and the lower right side, the upper left and right upper sides of the cylinder block 1
  • the sleeve 22 is provided with a sliding fit with the pin 20, and when the cylinder head 17 moves up and down, the pin 20 can be along The inside of the sleeve 22 slides vertically up and down, and the elastic return spring 21 is sleeved on the outer side of the pin 20 and the sleeve 22; the lower end of the cylinder head 17 is formed in a piston shape which can slide up and down along the cylinder 3, in the shape of a piston
  • each cylinder head 17 is independent, and the adjacent two are not connected. Only when the four strokes of the forward, the pressure, the do, and the row are simultaneously performed, the adjacent two can Connected, each cylinder corresponds to a cylinder head 17, and each cylinder head 17 has a set of upper rubber sleeve 6 and a lower rubber sleeve 4 respectively.
  • the cylinder head 17 is up and down, so the air inlet 5 and the exhaust port 19
  • There is a transition tube between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe which can be elongated or contracted along the jump of the cylinder head 17.
  • the present invention is variable by the transmission mechanism in cooperation with the camshaft sprocket 32 and the crank sprocket 38.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a left sprocket 30, a right sprocket 34, an adjustment lever 35, a sleeve 37, a driving gear 31, a driven gear 36, and a chain 39, wherein the left sprocket 30 and the right sprocket 34
  • the left and right sides of the crank sprocket 38 and the cam sprocket 32 are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the crank sprocket 38 and the cam sprocket 32, and the centers of the left sprocket 30 and the right sprocket 34 are radially fixed at both ends of the adjusting rod 35, and the upper portion of the adjusting rod 35 is provided with a ridge.
  • the middle portion is sleeved in the sleeve 37 and can slide left and right in the sleeve 37.
  • the sleeve 37 is fixed on the cylinder block 1 and is open at the middle.
  • the driven gear 36 meshes with the tooth of the adjusting rod 35 in the opening.
  • the front end of the moving gear 36 is provided with a driving gear 31 coaxial therewith and driven by the driving gear 31, and the chain 39 is placed on the crank sprocket 38, the left sprocket 30, the camshaft sprocket 32 and the right sprocket 34.
  • the driving gear 31 is driven by the motor 33 through the worm, the motor 33 rotates, the worm drives the driving gear 31 to rotate, the driving gear 31 rotates the driven gear 36 to rotate, the driven gear 36 rotates to push the adjusting rod 35 to move, and the motor 33 rotates in the forward direction to adjust
  • the lever 35 moves to the left, the left and right sprockets 30, 34 move to the left, and the left sprocket 30 pushes up the chain 39 that is loosened by the right sprocket 34, causing the camshaft sprocket 32 to be in phase with the crank sprocket 38.
  • the corresponding angle changes such that the relative angle of the cam 12 to the crankshaft 26 changes; conversely, the adjustment lever 35 and the left and right sprockets 30, 34 move to the right, which also causes the camshaft sprocket 32 and the crank sprocket 38 to The corresponding angle changes.
  • two balance rods 10 are disposed on the left and right sides of each wheel 14 and are disposed on the outer side of the cam shaft 13.
  • the lower end of the balance rod 10 is fixed on the cylinder head 17, each group
  • the upper ends of the balance bars 10 are respectively screwed and fixed to both ends of the cross bar 11 to stabilize the cylinder head 17 so as not to swing back and forth, and can only move up and down.
  • crankshaft 26 rotates to drive the crankshaft sprocket 38 to rotate, thereby driving the camshaft sprocket 32 to rotate by the chain 39, causing the camshaft 13 to rotate to drive the cam 12 to rotate, and the crankshaft 26 After two turns, the cam 12 turns one turn, that is, the engine completes four strokes, and the cam 12 rotates one turn.
  • the transmission principle and the crankshaft 26 drive the intake camshaft 8 and the exhaust camshaft 16 to rotate to complete the intake cam 7
  • the rotation operation is the same as that of the exhaust cam 15.
  • Intake stroke The intake cam 7 pushes the intake valve to open, the gas enters from the intake port 5, and the piston 2 moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center to suck the gas.
  • the projection of the cam 12 rotates on the cam 12
  • the relative positions of the cylinder head 17 and the intake cam 7 are not changed, so the control of the intake valve by the intake cam 7 is not affected.
  • Compression stroke The intake valve is closed, the piston 2 moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. In this stroke, the projection of the cam 12 rotates to the right of the cam 12, and the compressed air has not yet reached the injection or The pressure at the time of ignition.
  • the power stroke is performed; as shown in Fig. 1, the piston 2 moves downward from the top dead center.
  • the cylinder head 17 moves downward, and the pin 20 follows the sleeve.
  • the cylinder 22 moves downward, the lower rubber sleeve 4 is compressed downward, the motor 33 is started, the worm of the motor 33 rotates forward, and the adjustment lever 35 is moved to the left by the driving gear 31 and the driven gear 36, so that the left sprocket 30 is lifted up.
  • the chain 39 is relaxed by the right sprocket 34, thereby causing the cam 12 to rotate more to the left relative to the crankshaft 26 by a certain angle, i.e., some angle is advanced, in the process, the cam 12 rotates to the rear of the lower edge of the projection.
  • the point is against the wheel 14, pushing the cylinder head 17 to continue downward movement, and the crankshaft 26 is not rotated to keep the piston 2 in the original position, thereby making the distance between the cylinder head 17 and the piston 2 small, and, in addition, the front point and The back point is relatively speaking, and the front point is a point closer to the intersection point of the lower edge of the convex portion and the base circle portion with respect to the rear point, and is also a point farther from the front end point of the curved edge of the convex portion with respect to the rear point.
  • crankshaft 26 and the cam 12 continue to rotate, when the cam 12 is convex
  • the air in the cylinder 3 is compressed in the injection pressure and temperature reached Or the ignition requirement, at this time ignition or fuel injection, the generated pressure pushes the crankshaft 26 to work through the connecting rod 24 and the crank 25 until the piston 2 reaches the bottom dead center, and the wheels run on the orphan plane of the convex portion of the cam 12.
  • the position of the cylinder head 17 is constant during this time, and the forward rotation of the motor during this stroke makes the distance between the cylinder head 17 and the piston 2 small, so that the compression ratio becomes large.
  • the cam 12 rotates so that the front point of the lower edge of the projection bears against the wheel 14 to make the cylinder head 17
  • the upward movement is a certain distance, and the crankshaft 26 is not rotated to keep the piston 2 in the original position, so that the distance between the cylinder head 17 and the piston 2 becomes larger; the crankshaft 26 and the cam 12 continue to rotate, when the convex portion of the cam 12 is curved.
  • the pressure and temperature of the air in the cylinder 3 are compressed to meet the requirements of fuel injection or ignition.
  • the ignition or injection is performed, and the generated pressure pushes the crankshaft through the connecting rod 24 and the crank 25.
  • Example 2 is a cross-sectional structural view showing the movement of the cylinder head to the upper end and the lower end of the present embodiment.
  • the longitudinal section of the engine is visible, including the cylinder block 1, the cylinder head 17 and the cylinder head cover 18 disposed on the cylinder head 17, and the cylinder.
  • the cylinder 1 is provided with a cylinder 3, a piston 2, a connecting rod 24, a crank 25 and a crankshaft 26.
  • the center of the top end of the cylinder head 17 is provided with a groove, and the groove is provided with a wheel 14 which is centrally perforated and connected to the horizontal pin 9 through a bearing, and both ends of the horizontal pin 9 are connected to the inner side of the groove;
  • the cam 12 and the cam 12 are fixedly coupled to the camshaft 13.
  • a camshaft sprocket 32 is provided at one end of the camshaft 13.
  • the camshaft sprocket 32 is driven by a crankshaft sprocket 38 at the end of the crankshaft 38 through a transmission mechanism.
  • the circumference of the shaft sprocket 32 is designed to be twice that of the crank sprocket 38, and the crankshaft 26 is rotated 2 weeks, the cam 12 is rotated 1 week, and when the projection of the cam 12 is rotated to the lower end, the projection is downward.
  • the cylinder head 17 is moved against the wheel 14; the upper edge of the cylinder head 17 is connected to the lower edge of the cylinder head cover 18 through a retractable upper rubber sleeve 6, and the lower edge of the cylinder head 17 is adjacent to the cylinder block.
  • the upper edge of the first edge is connected by a retractable lower rubber sleeve 4; the left and right sides of the cylinder head 17 are symmetrically provided with two pins 20, and the left and right sides of the cylinder block 1 are symmetrically disposed with the pin 20 Sliding fit sleeve 22, when the cylinder head 17 moves up and down, the pin 20 can be vertically along the inside of the sleeve 22 Sliding up and down, an elastic return spring 21 is sleeved on the outer side of the pin 20 and the sleeve 22; the lower end of the cylinder head 17 is fixedly coupled with the upper end of the cylinder 3, and the cylinder 3 can move up and down with the cylinder head 17, If an engine has multiple cylinders, each cylinder head 17 is independent of the cylinder 3, and the adjacent two are not connected, only when the four strokes of the inlet, the pressure, the do, and the row are simultaneously performed, adjacent Two cylinders 3 are connected to each other, and each cylinder head 3 has a
  • Each cylinder head 17 has a set of upper rubber sleeve 4 and a lower rubber sleeve 6 respectively.
  • the cylinder head 17 is bouncing up and down, so There is a transition pipe between the intake port 5 and the exhaust port 19 and the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe, and the pipe can be elongated or contracted along the jumping of the cylinder head 17.
  • a water flow conduit 29 is provided which is provided with cooling water, wherein the water inlet 27 is provided on one side of the cylinder head 17, and the water outlet 28 is provided on the other side of the cylinder head 17.
  • the present invention achieves a variable compression ratio by a transmission mechanism that cooperates with a camshaft sprocket 32 and a crank sprocket 38.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a left sprocket 30, a right sprocket 34, an adjustment lever 35, a sleeve 37, and a driving gear. 31.
  • the driven gear 36 and the chain 39 wherein the left sprocket 30 and the right sprocket 34 are respectively disposed on the left and right sides between the crank sprocket 38 and the camshaft sprocket 32, and the centers of the left sprocket 30 and the right sprocket 34 Radially fixed at both ends of the adjusting rod 35, the upper side of the adjusting rod 35 is provided with a tooth pattern, and the middle portion is sleeved in the sleeve 37 and can slide left and right in the sleeve 37, and the sleeve 37 is fixed on the cylinder block 1 and The middle opening, the driven gear 36 meshes with the tooth of the adjusting rod 35 in the opening, the front end of the driven gear 36 is provided with the driving gear 31 coaxial with the driving gear 31, and is driven by the driving gear 31, and the chain 39 is placed on the crank sprocket 38.
  • the driving gear 31 is driven by the motor 33 through the worm, the motor 33 rotates, the worm drives the driving gear 31 to rotate, the driving gear 31 rotates the driven gear 36 to rotate, the driven gear 36 rotates to push the adjusting rod 35 to move, and the motor 33 rotates in the forward direction to adjust
  • the lever 35 moves to the left, the left and right sprockets 30, 34 move to the left, and the left sprocket 30 pushes up the chain 39 that is loosened by the right sprocket 34, causing the camshaft sprocket 32 to be in phase with the crank sprocket 38.
  • the corresponding angle changes such that the relative angle of the cam 12 to the crankshaft 26 changes; conversely, the adjustment lever 35 and the left and right sprockets 30, 34 move to the right, which also causes the camshaft sprocket 32 and the crank sprocket 38 to The corresponding angle changes.
  • balance rods 10 are disposed on the left and right sides of each wheel 14 and are disposed on the outer side of the cam shaft 13.
  • the lower end of the balance rod 10 is fixed on the cylinder head 17, each group
  • the upper ends of the balance bars 10 are respectively screwed and fixed to both ends of the cross bar 11 to stabilize the cylinder head 17 so as not to swing back and forth, and can only move up and down.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is as follows:
  • crankshaft 26 rotates to drive the crankshaft sprocket 38 to rotate, so that the camshaft sprocket 32 rotates through the chain 39, the camshaft 13 rotates to drive the cam 12 to rotate, and the crankshaft 26 rotates two turns, and the cam 12 rotates one. That is, the engine completes four strokes, and the cam 12 rotates one turn.
  • the transmission principle and the crankshaft 26 drive the intake camshaft 8 and the exhaust camshaft 16 to rotate to complete the rotation of the intake cam 7 and the exhaust cam 15.
  • Intake stroke The intake cam 7 pushes the intake valve to open, the gas enters from the intake port 5, and the piston 2 moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center to suck the gas.
  • the projection of the cam 12 rotates on the cam 12
  • the relative positions of the cylinder head 17 and the intake cam 7 are not changed, so the control of the intake valve by the intake cam 7 is not affected.
  • Compression stroke The intake valve is closed, the piston 2 moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. In this stroke, the projection of the cam 12 rotates on the right side of the cam 12, and the compressed air has not yet reached the injection or ignition. Time pressure.
  • the front and back points mentioned here are relative, the front point is Is a point closer to the intersection of the lower edge of the bulge and the base circle relative to the rear point, and is also a point farther from the front end point of the curved edge of the bulge relative to the rear point; the crankshaft 26 and the cam 12 continue to rotate, when the cam When the curved edge of the projection of 12 is just above the wheel 14, the pressure and temperature of the air in the cylinder 3 are compressed to meet the requirements of fuel injection or ignition. At this time, the pressure generated by the ignition or injection is passed.
  • the link 24 and the crank 25 urge the crankshaft 26 to perform work, in which the forward rotation of the motor causes the distance between the cylinder head 17 and the piston 2 to become small, thereby realizing a large compression ratio.
  • the starter motor 33 is reversed, causing the adjustment lever 35 to move to the right, causing the right sprocket 34 to lift the left sprocket 30 from the relaxed chain 39. , thereby causing the cam 12 to rotate to the right more than the crankshaft 26 by a certain angle, that is, to delay some angles.
  • the cam 12 rotates to make the front point of the lower edge of the projection against the wheel 14 so that the cylinder head 17
  • the cylinder 3 is moved upward by a certain distance, and the crankshaft 26 is not rotated to keep the piston 2 in the original position, so that the distance between the cylinder head 17 and the piston 2 becomes larger; the crankshaft 26 and the cam 12 continue to rotate, when the cam 12 protrudes
  • the pressure and temperature of the air in the cylinder 3 are compressed to meet the requirements of fuel injection or ignition, at which time ignition or injection occurs, and the generated pressure passes through the connecting rod 24.
  • the crank 25 pushes the work of the crankshaft 26, and the reverse rotation of the motor in this stroke causes the distance between the cylinder head 17 and the piston 2 to become large, thereby realizing a reduction in the compression ratio.
  • the cylinder 3 and the cylinder head 17 are driven downward by the wheel 14 for a distance, and the connecting rod 24 forms a certain angle with the crank 25 during combustion, so that the transmission of force is more scientific.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种可变压缩比发动机,包括缸体(1)、汽缸盖(17)、汽缸盖罩(18)、缸筒(3)、曲轴(26)、连杆(24)和活塞(2),汽缸盖(17)顶端的中心设有凹槽,凹槽内设有轮子(14);轮子(14)的上方设有凸轮(12),凸轮(12)固定连接在凸轮轴(13)上,凸轮轴(13)的一端设有齿轮(32),齿轮(32)由曲轴(26)一端的曲轴齿轮(38)通过传动机构驱动,传动机构可使凸轮(12)与曲轴(26)之间的相对角度发生变化;汽缸盖(17)的上沿周边与汽缸盖罩(18)的下沿周边通过上橡胶套(6)相连,汽缸盖(17)的下沿周边与缸体(1)的上沿周边通过下橡胶套(4)相连;汽缸盖(17)左下面和右下面对称设有两根销子(20),缸体(1)的左上面和右上面设有与销子(20)滑动配合的套筒(22),销子(20)与套筒(22)的外侧套有弹簧(21)。所述发动机可改变发动机的压缩比,能有效地改善发动机的动力,提高燃油经济性。

Description

可变压缩比发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发动机, 尤其是一种可变压缩比发动机。
背景技术
发动机的压缩比是指活塞运动到下止点时的气缸容积与活塞运动到上 止点时的气缸容积之比。 传统的发动机的压缩比一般是固定的, 近年来国 外开始将研究的方向转向可变压缩比的发动机, 以适应在不同工况时发动 机对压缩比的不同要求, 发动机在中、 低负荷时, 为了改善发动机的排放 水平, 需要采用较大的压缩比, 而在高负荷时采用更高的增压压力, 需要 降低压缩比, 这样可以提高发动机的燃油性和输出功率, 国内目前也开始 研究可变压缩比的发动机, 但大多结构复杂, 加工难度高, 不便于大量投 产。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种可变压缩比的发动机。
为实现上述目的, 本发明的技术方案为:
一种可变压缩比发动机, 包括缸体、 汽缸盖、 汽缸盖罩、 缸筒、 曲轴、 连杆和活塞, 其特征在于:
所述汽缸盖顶端的中心设有凹槽, 凹槽内设有轮子, 轮子中心穿孔并 通过轴承与横销连接, 横销两端与凹槽内侧相连;
所述轮子的上方设有凸轮, 凸轮的凸出部旋转至下方时与轮子相接触, 凸轮固定连接在凸轮轴上, 所述凸轮轴的一端设有凸轮轴链轮, 凸轮轴链 轮由曲轴一端的曲轴链轮通过传动件驱动,所述曲轴转 2周,凸轮转 1周; 所述传动机构包括左链轮、 右链轮、 调节杆、 套管、 主动齿轮、 从动 齿轮和链条, 其中, 左链轮和右链轮分别设在曲轴链轮和凸轮轴链轮中间 的左右两侧, 左链轮和右链轮中心径向固定在调节杆的两端, 调节杆的中 部上方设有齿纹, 且中部套在套管内并可在套管内左右滑动, 套管固定在 缸体上且中部开口, 从动齿轮与开口处内的调节杆齿纹相互啮合, 从动齿 轮前端设有与其同轴的主动齿轮并由主动齿轮带动, 链条套置在曲轴链轮、 左链轮、 凸轮轴链轮和右链轮上。
所述汽缸盖的上沿周边与汽缸盖罩的下沿周边通过可伸缩的上橡胶套 相连, 汽缸盖的下沿周边与缸体的上沿周边通过可伸缩的下橡胶套相连; 所述汽缸盖左下面和右下面对称设有两根销子, 所述缸体的左上面和 右上面对称设有与销子滑动配合的套筒, 销子与套筒的外侧套有弹簧; 所述汽缸盖的下端头设为可沿缸筒上下滑动的活塞状。
所述主动齿轮由电机通过蜗杆驱动。
所述每个轮子的左右两侧对称设有两组套在凸轮轴外侧的平衡杆, 平 衡杆的下端固定在汽缸盖上面, 每组平衡杆的上端分别与横杆的两端用螺 丝固定连接。
所述活塞状的汽缸盖下端头外侧设有防止漏气的缸盖环。
所述汽缸盖顶端的中心设有凹槽, 凹槽内设有轮子, 轮子中心穿孔并 通过轴承与横销连接, 横销两端与凹槽内侧相连;
所述轮子的上方设有凸轮, 凸轮的凸出部旋转至下方时与轮子相接触, 凸轮固定连接在凸轮轴上, 所述凸轮轴的一端设有凸轮轴链轮, 凸轮轴链 轮由曲轴一端的曲轴链轮通过传动件驱动,所述曲轴转 2周,凸轮转 1周; 所述传动机构包括左链轮、 右链轮、 调节杆、 套管、 主动齿轮、 从动 齿轮和链条, 其中, 左链轮和右链轮分别设在曲轴链轮和凸轮轴链轮中间 的左右两侧, 左链轮和右链轮中心径向固定在调节杆的两端, 调节杆的中 部上方设有齿纹, 且中部套在套管内并可在套管内左右滑动, 套管固定在 缸体上且中部开口, 从动齿轮与开口处内的调节杆齿纹相互啮合, 从动齿 轮前端设有与其同轴的主动齿轮并由主动齿轮带动, 链条套置在曲轴链轮、 左链轮、 凸轮轴链轮和右链轮上。
所述汽缸盖的上沿周边与汽缸盖罩的下沿周边通过可伸缩的上橡胶套 相连, 汽缸盖的下沿周边与缸体的上沿周边通过可伸缩的下橡胶套相连; 所述汽缸盖左下面和右下面对称设有两根销子, 所述缸体的左上面和 右上面对称设有与销子滑动配合的套筒, 销子与套筒的外侧套有弹簧; 所述汽缸盖的下端与缸筒的上端固定连接在一起。
所述主动齿轮由电机通过蜗杆驱动。
所述每个轮子的左右两侧对称设有两组套在凸轮轴外侧的平衡杆, 平 衡杆的下端固定在汽缸盖上面, 每组平衡杆的上端分别与横杆的两端用螺 丝固定连接。
所述汽缸盖和缸筒的缸壁内设有可以通冷却水的水流管道, 其中进水 口设在汽缸盖的一侧, 出水口设在汽缸盖的另一侧。
本发明通过凸轮轴链轮、 曲轴链轮与传动机构的配合, 使凸轮与曲轴 之间的相对角度发生变化, 实现点火或燃烧时汽缸盖和活塞的间距变大或 变小, 从而改变发动机的压缩比。 本发明结构筒单, 控制方便, 可以有效 地改善发动机的动力, 其最大好处是小排量的发动机也可以输出可与大排 量发动机相比拟的功率和扭矩, 并且油耗更少, 排放更低, 能有效提高燃 油经济性, 提高燃油经济性。
附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1的剖面结构示意图。
图 2是本发明实施例 2的剖面结构示意图。
图 3是传动机构的后视结构示意图。
图中, 缸体 1, 活塞 2, 缸筒 3, 下橡胶套 4, 进气口 5, 上橡胶套 6, 进气凸轮 7, 进气凸轮轴 8, 横销 9, 平衡杆 10, 横杆 11, 凸轮 12, 凸轮 轴 13, 轮子 14, 排气凸轮 15, 排气凸轮轴 16, 汽缸盖 17, 汽缸盖罩 18, 排气口 19, 销子 20, 弹簧 21, 套筒 22, 缸盖环 23, 连杆 24, 曲柄 25, 曲 轴 26, 进水口 27, 出水口 28, 水流管道 29, 左链轮 30, 主动齿轮 31, 凸 轮轴链轮 32, 电机 33, 右链轮 34, 调节杆 35, 从动齿轮 36, 套管 37, 曲 轴链轮 38, 链条 39。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图, 对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例 1:
图 1 所示, 是本实施例汽缸盖活动至上端和下端的剖面结构示意图, 将发动机纵向剖开可见, 包括缸体 1、 汽缸盖 17以及设在汽缸盖 17上面的 汽缸盖罩 18 , 缸体 1内设有缸筒 3、 活塞 2、 连杆 24、 曲柄 25和曲轴 26。 在汽缸盖 17顶端的中心设有凹槽, 凹槽内设有轮子 14 , 轮子 14中心 穿孔并通过轴承与横销 9连接, 横销 9两端与凹槽内侧相连; 在轮子的上 方设有凸轮 12 , 凸轮 12固定连接在凸轮轴 1 3上, 在凸轮轴 1 3的一端设有 凸轮轴链轮 32 ,凸轮轴链轮 32由曲轴 26—端的曲轴链轮 38通过传动机构 驱动, 将凸轮轴链轮 32的周长设计为曲轴链轮 38的 2倍, 则所述曲轴 26 转 2周, 凸轮 12转 1周, 当凸轮 12的凸出部旋转至下方时, 该凸出部与 轮子 14相接触并向下顶住轮子 14 , 可使汽缸盖 17向下运动; 汽缸盖 17的 上沿周边与汽缸盖罩 18的下沿周边通过可伸缩的上橡胶套 6相连, 汽缸盖 17的下沿周边与缸体 1的上沿周边通过可伸缩的下橡胶套 4相连; 汽缸盖 17左下面和右下面对称设有两根销子 20 , 所述缸体 1的左上面和右上面对 称设有与销子 20滑动配合的套筒 22 , 当汽缸盖 17上下运动时,销子 20可 沿着套筒 22内侧垂直上下滑动, 在销子 20与套筒 22的外侧套有弹性复位 件弹簧 21 ; 汽缸盖 17的下端头设为可沿缸筒 3上下滑动的活塞状, 在活塞 状的汽缸盖 17下端头外侧设有缸盖环 23 , 以防止汽缸盖 17和缸筒 3之间 有漏气现象发生。 如果一个发动机有多个汽缸的, 每一个汽缸盖 17都是独 立的, 相邻的两个并不相连, 只有在进、 压、 做、 排四沖程同时进行时, 相邻的两个才可以相连,每一个汽缸对应一个汽缸盖 17 ,每个汽缸盖 17相 应各有一套上橡胶套 6和下橡胶套 4 , 发动机运行时汽缸盖 17是上下跳动 的所以进气口 5、 排气口 19与进气管、 排气管之间有一段过渡管, 该管可 沿着汽缸盖 17的跳动伸长或收缩。
本发明是通过传动机构与凸轮轴链轮 32和曲轴链轮 38配合实现可变 压缩比的, 所述传动机构包括左链轮 30、 右链轮 34、调节杆 35、 套管 37、 主动齿轮 31、 从动齿轮 36和链条 39 , 其中, 左链轮 30和右链轮 34分别 设在曲轴链轮 38和凸轮轴链轮 32中间的左右两侧,左链轮 30和右链轮 34 中心径向固定在调节杆 35的两端, 调节杆 35的中部上方设有齿纹, 且中 部套在套管 37内并可在套管 37内左右滑动, 套管 37固定在缸体 1上且中 部开口, 从动齿轮 36与开口处内的调节杆 35齿紋相互啮合, 从动齿轮 36 前端设有与其同轴的主动齿轮 31并由主动齿轮 31带动, 链条 39套置在曲 轴链轮 38、 左链轮 30、 凸轮轴链轮 32和右链轮 34上。 主动齿轮 31由电 机 33通过蜗杆驱动, 电机 33转动, 蜗杆带动主动齿轮 31转动, 主动齿轮 31转动从动齿轮 36随之转动,从动齿轮 36转动推动调节杆 35移动, 电机 33正转则调节杆 35向左移动, 左、 右链轮 30、 34—起向左移动, 左链轮 30顶起由右链轮 34放松过来的链条 39 ,会使凸轮轴链轮 32与曲轴链轮 38 相对应的角度改变, 从而使凸轮 12与曲轴 26的相对角度会发生变化; 反 之, 调节杆 35和左、 右链轮 30、 34向右移动, 也会使凸轮轴链轮 32与曲 轴链轮 38相对应的角度发生改变。
为防止汽缸盖 17运动时产生左右晃动, 在每个轮子 14的左右两侧对 称设有两组套在凸轮轴 13外侧的平衡杆 10 , 平衡杆 10的下端固定在汽缸 盖 17上面, 每组平衡杆 10的上端分别与横杆 11的两端用螺丝固定连接, 以稳住汽缸盖 17使其不会左右前后晃动, 只能上下活动。
本实施例的工作原理为:
如图 3所示, 曲轴 26转动, 带动曲轴链轮 38转动, 从而通过链条 39 带动凸轮轴链轮 32转动, 使凸轮轴 13转动带动凸轮 12旋转, 且曲轴 26 转两圏, 凸轮 12转一圏, 即发动机完成四个沖程, 凸轮 1 2旋转一圏, 其 传动原理与曲轴 26带动进气凸轮轴 8和排气凸轮轴 1 6转动从而完成进气 凸轮 7和排气凸轮 1 5的旋转动作相同。
进气沖程: 进气凸轮 7推动进气门开启, 气体自进气口 5进入, 活塞 2 从上止点移动到下止点吸入气体, 这一沖程中凸轮 12的凸出部旋转在凸轮 12的上侧, 汽缸盖 17与进气凸轮 7的相对位置并没有改变, 所以进气凸轮 7对进气门的控制不受影响。
压缩沖程: 进气门关闭, 活塞 2从下止点移动到上止点, 这一沖程中 凸轮 12的凸出部旋转在凸轮 1 2的右侧, 此时压缩的空气还没有到达喷油 或点火时的压力。
做功沖程; 如图 1所示, 活塞 2从上止点向下运动, 当凸轮 12凸出部 下边沿的前点顶住轮子 14时, 汽缸盖 17向下运动, 销子 20随之沿着套筒 22向下运动, 下橡胶套 4向下压缩, 启动电机 33 , 电机 33的蜗杆正转, 并通过主动齿轮 31和从动齿轮 36使调节杆 35向左移动, 使左链轮 30顶 起由右链轮 34放松过来的链条 39 ,从而引起凸轮 12相对曲轴 26多向左旋 转了一定的角度, 即提前了一些角度, 在这一过程中, 凸轮 1 2转动使凸出 部下边沿的后点顶住轮子 14 , 推动汽缸盖 17继续向下运动, 而曲轴 26未 转动使活塞 2继续保持在原位置, 从而使汽缸盖 17与活塞 2的间距变小, 另外, 此处所说的前点和后点是相对而言的, 前点即是相对于后点离凸出 部下边沿与基圓部的交点较近的点, 也是相对于后点离凸出部弧形边前端 点较远的点; 曲轴 26和凸轮 12继续转动, 当凸轮 12的凸出部弧形边刚旋 转至轮子 14的正上方时, 缸筒 3内的空气被压缩的压力和温度达到了喷油 或点火的要求, 此时点火或喷油, 产生的压力通过连杆 24和曲柄 25推动 曲轴 26做功, 直到活塞 2快到下止点, 轮子都在凸轮 12的凸出部的孤面 上运行, 汽缸盖 17在这一时间内位置不变, 该沖程中电机正转使汽缸盖 17 与活塞 2的间距变小, 从而实现了压缩比变大。 反之, 当凸轮 12凸出部下 边沿的后点顶住轮子 14时,启动电机 33反转,则引起调节杆 35向右移动, 使右链轮 34顶起左链轮 30由放松过来的链条 39 ,从而引起凸轮 12相对曲 轴 26向右多旋转了一定的角度, 即延后了一些角度, 在这一过程中, 凸轮 12转动使凸出部下边沿的前点顶住轮子 14 , 使汽缸盖 17向上运动了一定 距离, 而曲轴 26未转动使活塞 2继续保持在原位置, 从而使汽缸盖 17与 活塞 2的间距变大; 曲轴 26和凸轮 12继续转动, 当凸轮 12的凸出部弧形 边刚旋转至轮子 14的正上方时, 缸筒 3内的空气被压缩的压力和温度达到 了喷油或点火的要求, 此时点火或喷油,产生的压力通过连杆 24和曲柄 25 推动曲轴 26做功, 直到活塞 2快到下止点, 轮子都在凸轮 12的凸出部的 孤面上运行, 汽缸盖 17在这一时间内位置不变, 该沖程中电机反转使汽缸 盖 17与活塞 2的间距变大, 从而实现了压缩比变小, 电机 33由车载电脑 控制。 同时汽缸盖 17受到凸轮 12的推动向下运动一段距离, 燃烧时连杆 24与曲柄 25形成一定的角度, 使力的传输更科学。
排气沖程; 如图 2所示, 活塞 2从下止点向上止点移动, 凸轮 12的凸 出部已旋转至其左侧, 汽缸盖 17在弹簧 21的作用下复位, 销子 20随之沿 着套筒 22向上运行,上橡胶套 6向上压缩,排气凸轮 15推动排气门打开, 剩余废气自排气口 19排出。
实施例 2: 图 2 所示, 是本实施例汽缸盖活动至上端和下端的剖面结构示意图, 将发动机纵向剖开可见, 包括缸体 1、 汽缸盖 17以及设在汽缸盖 17上面的 汽缸盖罩 18 , 缸体 1内设有缸筒 3、 活塞 2、 连杆 24、 曲柄 25和曲轴 26。
汽缸盖 17顶端的中心设有凹槽, 凹槽内设有轮子 14 , 轮子 14中心穿 孔并通过轴承与横销 9连接, 横销 9两端与凹槽内侧相连; 在轮子 14的上 方设有凸轮 12 , 凸轮 12固定连接在凸轮轴 1 3上, 在凸轮轴 1 3的一端设有 凸轮轴链轮 32 ,凸轮轴链轮 32由曲轴 26—端的曲轴链轮 38通过传动机构 驱动, 将凸轮轴链轮 32的周长设计为曲轴链轮 38的 2倍, 则所述曲轴 26 转 2周, 凸轮 12转 1周, 当凸轮 12的凸出部旋转至下端时, 该凸出部向 下顶住轮子 14 , 可使汽缸盖 17向下运动; 汽缸盖 17的上沿周边与汽缸盖 罩 18的下沿周边通过可伸缩的上橡胶套 6相连, 汽缸盖 17的下沿周边与 缸体 1的上沿周边通过可伸缩的下橡胶套 4相连; 汽缸盖 17左下面和右下 面对称设有两根销子 20 , 所述缸体 1的左上面和右上面对称设有与销子 20 滑动配合的套筒 22 , 当汽缸盖 17上下运动时,销子 20可沿着套筒 22内侧 垂直上下滑动, 在销子 20与套筒 22的外侧套有弹性复位件弹簧 21 ; 汽缸 盖 17的下端与缸筒 3的上端固定连接在一起, 缸筒 3可与汽缸盖 17—起 上下运动, 如果一个发动机有多个汽缸的, 每一个汽缸盖 17连缸筒 3都是 独立的, 相邻的两个并不相连, 只有在进、 压、 做、 排四沖程同时进行时, 相邻的两个才可以相连, 每个缸筒 3对应有一个汽缸盖 17 , 每个汽缸盖 17 相应各有一套上橡胶套 4和下橡胶套 6 , 发动机运行时, 汽缸盖 17是上下 跳动的, 所以进气口 5、 排气口 19与进气管、 排气管之间有一段过渡管, 该管可沿着汽缸盖 17的跳动伸长或收缩。 在汽缸盖 17和缸筒 3的缸壁内 设有可以通冷却水的水流管道 29 , 其中进水口 27设在汽缸盖 17的一侧, 出水口 28设在汽缸盖 17的另一侧。
本发明是通过传动机构与凸轮轴链轮 32和曲轴链轮 38配合实现可变 压缩比的, 所述传动机构包括左链轮 30、 右链轮 34、调节杆 35、 套管 37、 主动齿轮 31、 从动齿轮 36和链条 39 , 其中, 左链轮 30和右链轮 34分别 设在曲轴链轮 38和凸轮轴链轮 32中间的左右两侧,左链轮 30和右链轮 34 中心径向固定在调节杆 35的两端, 调节杆 35的中部上方设有齿纹, 且中 部套在套管 37内并可在套管 37内左右滑动, 套管 37固定在缸体 1上且中 部开口, 从动齿轮 36与开口处内的调节杆 35齿紋相互啮合, 从动齿轮 36 前端设有与其同轴的主动齿轮 31并由主动齿轮 31带动, 链条 39套置在曲 轴链轮 38、 左链轮 30、 凸轮轴链轮 32和右链轮 34上。 主动齿轮 31由电 机 33通过蜗杆驱动, 电机 33转动, 蜗杆带动主动齿轮 31转动, 主动齿轮 31转动从动齿轮 36随之转动,从动齿轮 36转动推动调节杆 35移动, 电机 33正转则调节杆 35向左移动, 左、 右链轮 30、 34—起向左移动, 左链轮 30顶起由右链轮 34放松过来的链条 39 ,会使凸轮轴链轮 32与曲轴链轮 38 相对应的角度改变, 从而使凸轮 12与曲轴 26的相对角度会发生变化; 反 之, 调节杆 35和左、 右链轮 30、 34向右移动, 也会使凸轮轴链轮 32与曲 轴链轮 38相对应的角度发生改变。
为防止汽缸盖 17运动时产生左右晃动, 在每个轮子 14的左右两侧对 称设有两组套在凸轮轴 13外侧的平衡杆 10 , 平衡杆 10的下端固定在汽缸 盖 17上面, 每组平衡杆 10的上端分别与横杆 11的两端用螺丝固定连接, 以稳住汽缸盖 17使其不会左右前后晃动, 只能上下活动。 本实施例的工作原理为:
如图 3所示, 曲轴 26转动, 带动曲轴链轮 38转动, 从而通过链条 39 带动凸轮轴链轮 32转动, 使凸轮轴 13转动带动凸轮 12旋转, 且曲轴 26 转两圏, 凸轮 12转一圏, 即发动机完成四个沖程, 凸轮 12旋转一圏, 其 传动原理与曲轴 26带动进气凸轮轴 8和排气凸轮轴 16转动从而完成进气 凸轮 7和排气凸轮 15的旋转动作相同。
进气沖程: 进气凸轮 7推动进气门开启, 气体自进气口 5进入, 活塞 2 从上止点移动到下止点吸入气体, 这一沖程中凸轮 12的凸出部旋转在凸轮 12的上侧, 汽缸盖 17与进气凸轮 7的相对位置并没有改变, 所以进气凸轮 7对进气门的控制不受影响。
压缩沖程: 进气门关闭, 活塞 2从下止点移动到上止点, 这一沖程中 凸轮 12的凸出部旋转在凸轮 12的右侧, 此时压缩的空气还没有到达喷油 或点火时的压力。
做功沖程; 如图 1所示, 活塞 2从上止点向下运动, 当凸轮 12凸出部 下边沿的前点顶住轮子 14时, 汽缸盖 17和缸筒 3—起向下运动, 销子 20 随之沿着套筒 22向下运动, 下橡胶套 4向下压缩, 启动电机 33 , 电机 33 的蜗杆正转, 并通过主动齿轮 31和从动齿轮 36使调节杆 35向左移动, 使 左链轮 30顶起由右链轮 34放松过来的链条 39 ,从而引起凸轮 12相对曲轴 26多向左旋转了一定的角度, 即提前了一些角度, 在这一过程中, 凸轮 12 转动使凸出部下边沿的后点顶住轮子 14 ,推动汽缸盖 17和缸筒 3继续向下 运动, 而曲轴 26未转动使活塞 2继续保持在原位置, 从而使汽缸盖 17与 活塞 2 的间距变小, 另外, 此处所说的前点和后点是相对而言的, 前点即 是相对于后点离凸出部下边沿与基圓部的交点较近的点, 也是相对于后点 离凸出部弧形边前端点较远的点; 曲轴 26和凸轮 12继续转动, 当凸轮 12 的凸出部弧形边刚旋转至轮子 14的正上方时, 缸筒 3内的空气被压缩的压 力和温度达到了喷油或点火的要求, 此时点火或喷油, 产生的压力通过连 杆 24和曲柄 25推动曲轴 26做功,该沖程中电机正转使汽缸盖 17与活塞 2 的间距变小, 从而实现了压缩比变大。 反之, 当凸轮 12凸出部下边沿的后 点顶住轮子 14时, 启动电机 33反转, 则引起调节杆 35向右移动, 使右链 轮 34顶起左链轮 30由放松过来的链条 39 , 从而引起凸轮 12相对曲轴 26 向右多旋转了一定的角度, 即延后了一些角度, 在这一过程中, 凸轮 12转 动使凸出部下边沿的前点顶住轮子 14 ,使汽缸盖 17和缸筒 3向上运动了一 定距离, 而曲轴 26未转动使活塞 2继续保持在原位置, 从而使汽缸盖 17 与活塞 2的间距变大; 曲轴 26和凸轮 12继续转动, 当凸轮 12的凸出部弧 形边的刚旋转至轮子 14的正上方时, 缸筒 3内的空气被压缩的压力和温度 达到了喷油或点火的要求, 此时点火或喷油, 产生的压力通过连杆 24和曲 柄 25推动曲轴 26做功, 该沖程中电机反转使汽缸盖 17与活塞 2的间距变 大, 从而实现了压缩比变小。 同时, 缸筒 3和汽缸盖 17受到轮子 14推动 向下运行一段距离, 燃烧时连杆 24与曲柄 25形成一定的角度, 使力的传 输更科学。
排气沖程; 如图 2所示, 活塞 2从下止点向上止点移动, 凸轮 12的凸 出部已旋转至其左侧, 汽缸盖 17在弹簧 21的作用下复位, 销子 20随之沿 着套筒 22向上运行,上橡胶套 6向上压缩,排气凸轮 15推动排气门打开, 剩余废气自排气口 19排出。 电机 33由车载电脑控制, 当汽车小负荷时采用高压缩比, 重负荷时采用低 压缩比并配备增压器进行增压, 使小排量的发动机也能输出可与大排量发 动机相比拟的功率和扭矩, 减少排放提高燃油经济性。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种可变压缩比发动机, 包括缸体、 汽缸盖、 汽缸盖罩、 缸筒、 曲 轴、 连杆和活塞, 其特征在于:
所述汽缸盖(17)顶端的中心设有凹槽, 凹槽内设有轮子(14), 轮子 ( 14) 中心穿孔并通过轴承与横销 (9)连接, 横销 (9) 两端与凹槽内侧 相连;
所述轮子的上方设有凸轮(12), 凸轮(12)的凸出部旋转至下方时与 轮子 (14)相接触, 凸轮(U) 固定连接在凸轮轴 (13)上, 所述凸轮轴 ( 13) 的一端设有凸轮轴链轮 ( 32 ), 凸轮轴链轮( 32 ) 由曲轴( 26 )—端 的曲轴链轮( 38 )通过传动件驱动, 所述曲轴( 26 )转 2 周, 凸轮( 12 ) 转 1周;
所述传动机构包括左链轮( 30 )、右链轮( 34 )、调节杆( 35 )、套管( 37 )、 主动齿轮( 31 ), 从动齿轮( 36 )和链条( 39 ), 其中, 左链轮( 30 )和右 链轮 ( 34 )分别设在曲轴链轮( 38 )和凸轮轴链轮( 32 )中间的左右两侧, 左链轮(30)和右链轮(3 中心径向固定在调节杆(35 ) 的两端, 调节 杆(35)的中部上方设有齿纹, 且中部套在套管(37) 内并可在套管(37) 内左右滑动, 套管 (37) 固定在缸体(1 )上且中部开口, 从动齿轮(36) 与开口处内的调节杆(35 )齿纹相互啮合, 从动齿轮(36)前端设有与其 同轴的主动齿轮( 31 ) 并由主动齿轮( 31 ) 带动, 链条( 39 )套置在曲轴 链轮 ( 38 )、 左链轮 ( 30 )、 凸轮轴链轮( 32 )和右链轮( 34 )上;
所述汽缸盖 (Π) 的上沿周边与汽缸盖罩 (18 ) 的下沿周边通过可伸 缩的上橡胶套( 6 )相连, 汽缸盖 ( 17 ) 的下沿周边与缸体( 1 ) 的上沿周 边通过可伸缩的下橡胶套(4)相连;
所述汽缸盖(Π)左下面和右下面对称设有两根销子(20), 所述缸体 ( 1 ) 的左上面和右上面对称设有与销子 (20)滑动配合的套筒 (22 ), 销 子( 20 )与套筒 ( 22 ) 的外侧套有弹簧( 21 );
所述汽缸盖 (17) 的下端头设为可沿缸筒 (3)上下滑动的活塞状。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的可变压缩比发动机, 其特征在于:
所述主动齿轮( 31 ) 由电机( 33 )通过蜗杆驱动。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的可变压缩比发动机, 其特征在于:
所述每个轮子 (14 ) 的左右两侧对称设有两组套在凸轮轴 (13)外侧 的平衡杆 ( 10), 平衡杆 ( 10) 的下端固定在汽缸盖(17)上面, 每组平衡 杆(10) 的上端分别与横杆 ( 11 ) 的两端用螺丝固定连接。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的可变压缩比发动机, 其特征在于:
所述活塞状的汽缸盖 (17 ) 下端头外侧设有防止漏气的缸盖环 (23)。
5、 一种可变压缩比发动机, 包括缸体、 汽缸盖、 汽缸盖罩、 缸筒、 曲 轴、 连杆和活塞, 其特征在于:
所述汽缸盖(17)顶端的中心设有凹槽, 凹槽内设有轮子(14 ), 轮子 ( 14) 中心穿孔并通过轴承与横销 ( 9 )连接, 横销 (9 ) 两端与凹槽内侧 相连;
所述轮子的上方设有凸轮(12), 凸轮(12 )的凸出部旋转至下方时与 轮子 (14 )相接触, 凸轮(U ) 固定连接在凸轮轴 (13)上, 所述凸轮轴 ( 13) 的一端设有凸轮轴链轮 ( 32 ), 凸轮轴链轮( 32 ) 由曲轴( 26 )—端 的曲轴链轮( 38 )通过传动件驱动, 所述曲轴( 26 )转 2 周, 凸轮( 12 ) 转 1周;
所述传动机构包括左链轮( 30 )、右链轮( 34 )、调节杆( 35 )、套管( 37 )、 主动齿轮( 31 ), 从动齿轮( 36 )和链条( 39 ), 其中, 左链轮( 30 )和右 链轮( 34 )分别设在曲轴链轮( 38 )和凸轮轴链轮( 32 )中间的左右两侧, 左链轮(30)和右链轮(3 中心径向固定在调节杆(35) 的两端, 调节 杆(35)的中部上方设有齿纹, 且中部套在套管(37) 内并可在套管(37) 内左右滑动, 套管 (37) 固定在缸体(1)上且中部开口, 从动齿轮(36) 与开口处内的调节杆(35)齿纹相互啮合, 从动齿轮(36)前端设有与其 同轴的主动齿轮(31) 并由主动齿轮(31) 带动, 链条(39)套置在曲轴 链轮( 38 )、 左链轮 ( 30 )、 凸轮轴链轮( 32 )和右链轮( 34 )上;
所述汽缸盖 (Π) 的上沿周边与汽缸盖罩 (18) 的下沿周边通过可伸 缩的上橡胶套( 6 )相连, 汽缸盖 ( 17 ) 的下沿周边与缸体( 1 ) 的上沿周 边通过可伸缩的下橡胶套(4)相连;
所述汽缸盖(Π)左下面和右下面对称设有两根销子(20), 所述缸体 (1) 的左上面和右上面对称设有与销子 (20)滑动配合的套筒 (22), 销 子 ( 20 ) 与套筒 ( 22 ) 的外侧套有弹簧( 21 );
所述汽缸盖 (17) 的下端与缸筒 (3) 的上端固定连接在一起。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的可变压缩比发动机, 其特征在于:
所述主动齿轮( 31 ) 由电机( 33 )通过蜗杆驱动。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的可变压缩比发动机, 其特征在于: 所述每个轮子 (14 ) 的左右两侧对称设有两组套在凸轮轴 (13)外侧 的平衡杆 ( 10), 平衡杆 ( 10) 的下端固定在汽缸盖(17)上面, 每组平衡 杆(10) 的上端分别与横杆 ( 11 ) 的两端用螺丝固定连接。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的可变压缩比发动机, 其特征在于: 所述汽缸盖(Π)和缸筒 (3) 的缸壁内设有可以通冷却水的水流管道 (29), 其中进水口 (27 )设在汽缸盖(17 ) 的一侧, 出水口 (28 )设在汽 缸盖(17) 的另一侧。
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