Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
  • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
  • B64C1/1407—Doors; surrounding frames
  • B64C1/1453—Drain masts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a system for draining fluids from an aircraft and, more particularly, to a system for expelling leaked or otherwise unwanted fluid from aircraft components to an exterior of the aircraft where the system includes protection against lightning direct strike and attachment.
• Certain aircraft systems and components include drain systems which collect and expel 10 fluids which may leak from the systems or components or which otherwise accumulate in a cavity within the aircraft.
• the fluids may be flammable liquids such as fuel or oil or nonflammable fluids such as water.
• the drainage system directs such fluids to the exterior of the aircraft where the fluid is released into the atmosphere.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-section view of a portion of a conventional drainage system including a plurality of drain tubes 10, 12, 14, and 16 each having first ends (not shown) disposed in fluid communication with an aircraft system or component.
• the drain tubes 10, 12, 14, and 16 further include respective second ends 18, 20, 22, and 24 which each extend through an outer skin 26 of the aircraft to an exterior where the drain tubes 10, 12, 14, and 16 terminate.
• the seconds ends 18, 20, 22, and 24 of the drain tubes 10, 12, 14, and 16 typically extend about 0.65 inches or more beyond the aircraft outer skin 26.
• the drainage system of Figure 1 is for an auxiliary power unit (APU) disposed in a tail cone of the aircraft.
• the drain tubes 10, 12, 14, and 16 are respectively connected to the following APU components: an inlet plenum drain; a fuel control drain; a bearing seal witness drain; and a turbine plenum drain.
• any excess fluids which leak or are otherwise discharged from these various APU components are driven by gravity through the drain tubes 10, 12, 14, and 16 to the second ends thereof 18, 20, 22, and 24 where the fluids pass through the outer skin 26 are expelled into the atmosphere.
• each of the drain tubes 10, 12, 14, and 16 extend from the outer aircraft skin 26 about 0.65 inches or more. That is, the drain tubes protrude into the atmosphere surrounding the aircraft. Additionally, the drain tubes, or at least the second protruding ends thereof, may be composed of a conductive material. As such, the protruding drain tubes may be susceptible to lightning strike and attachment. This is particularly the case with regard to the APU drain tubes illustrated in Figure 1 which are traditionally disposed on the lower angled surface of the aircraft composite tail cone at the APU access door skin. This is considered to be "zone 2A - swept stroke" and thus lightning effects must be considered.
• the disclosure provides a drain for expelling fluids from an interior of an aircraft to an exterior of the aircraft, the drain including a drain tube disposed at the interior of the aircraft having a first end disposed in fluid communication with an aircraft equipment to be drained and an opposite second end, wherein the drain tube terminates at the second end at a location within the interior of the aircraft, a seal which extends between the second end of the drain tube and an outer skin of the aircraft, delimiting a drainage cavity, and a drainage pathway extending from the cavity through the outer skin to the exterior of the aircraft.
• the disclosure further provides a drainage system for an aircraft auxiliary power unit disposed in a tail cone of the aircraft, the drainage system including a drain tube having a first end disposed in fluid communication with the APU and configured to receive excess fluid from the APU, the drain tube further including an opposite second end, wherein the drain tube terminates at the second end at a location within the tail cone above a lower angled outer skin of the tail cone, a seal which surrounds and seals the second end of the drain tube, wherein the seal extends downwardly to the angled outer skin of the tail cone and seals thereagainst, delimiting a hermetically sealed drainage cavity, a perforation extending through the angled outer skin to an exterior of the aircraft, and a flange disposed on the outer skin at the exterior of the aircraft and extending over the perforation, the flange being configured to direct drained fluid at the exterior of the aircraft and to cover the perforation at the exterior of the aircraft to prevent lightning from entering the cavity, wherein the perforation is disposed in the
• Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional aircraft drain arrangement
• Figure 2 is a side view of an aircraft
• Figure 3 is a partial cross section view of a tail cone of the aircraft of Figure 2;
• Figure 4 is perspective view of an access door of the tail cone of Figure 3;
• Figure 5 is a perspective view of a drainage system according to one exemplary embodiment
• Figure 6 is another perspective view thereof
• Figure 7 is another perspective view thereof
• Figures 8-10 are various cross-sectional views thereof.
• Figure 1 1 is a schematic cross sectional view of the drainage system of Figure 6.
• FIG 2 shows an exemplary aircraft 50 having a tail cone 52.
• An auxiliary power unit (APU) is disposed within the tail cone 52.
• Figure 3 shows an enlarged cross-sectional partial view of the tail cone 52.
• the tail cone 52 includes an outer skin 54 which extends over the internal aircraft structure which houses the APU 58.
• An APU access door 60 is disposed on a lower side 62 of the tail cone 52.
• the access door 60 is movable between a closed position (as shown) in which the APU 58 and an interior of the tail cone 52 are inaccessible, and an open position (not shown) in which the door 60 is positioned away from the tail cone such that the APU and tail cone interior may be accessed.
• the door 60 is typically hinged such that it pivots between the open and closed positions.
• the lower side 62 of the tail cone 52 is angled with a low point disposed toward the aircraft's front such that the lower side 62 angles upwardly in the aft direction.
• the outer skin of the tail cone 52, including the APU access door 60 correspondingly angles upwardly in the aft direction such that a low point is located toward the aircraft front.
• Figure 4 shows the APU access door 60 as including an outer skin 64 having an inner side 66 and an outer side 68.
• the inner side 66 of the skin 64 is disposed within the tail cone interior; the outer side 68 is on the exterior of the aircraft and is exposed to the atmosphere.
• a honeycomb structure 70 is disposed on the inner side 66 of the skin 64 and lends strength and reinforcement to the door 60.
• the honeycomb structure 70 extends over much of the door 60 but includes a cut away portion 72 which exposes a portion of the inner skin 66.
• a drainage system 100 is shown adjacent to the inner skin 66 of the door 60 at the cutaway portion 72 of the honeycomb structure 70.
• the drainage system 100 includes a seal 102 and one or more drain tubes 104.
• the seal 102 is affixed at one side to the internal structure of the aircraft and while an opposite side of the seal 102 engages the inner side 66 of the outer skin 64 of the door 60 when the door is in the closed configuration.
• Figure 4 shows the seal 102 engaging the door 60 in the closed position.
• the drain tubes 104 terminate within the seal 102, as will be discussed herein in further detail, and extend in an opposite direction away from the seal 102.
• FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the drainage system 100.
• four drain tubes 104 extend into the seal 102.
• the drainage system 100 may include more or less drain tubes 104 depending upon a specific application and requirements of the system 100.
• Figures 6-7 is an enlarged view of the drainage system 100 and a partial view of the door 60.
• the system 100 further includes a bracket 106 and a flange 108.
• the flange 108 receives and supports the drain tubes 104 in a generally vertical orientation.
• the flange 108 is mounted upon the bracket 106 which is connected to an interior structure of the aircraft.
• the bracket 106 is connected to the APU 58.
• the bracket 106 includes a mounting surface 110 upon which an upper side 112 of the seal 102 is fixedly mounted.
• a lower side 114 of the seal 104 is in contact with and engages the inner side 66 of the outer skin 64 of the door 60.
• the lower side 114 of the seal 102 disengages from the door 60 thus allowing the door 60 to move to a location remote from the seal 102 and the drain tubes 104.
• the inner side 66 of the door 60 is brought proximate to the seal 102 such that the lower side 114 of the seal 102 contacts and, as discussed further herein, sealingly engages with the door 60.
• Figures 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views of the arrangement of Figures 6 and 7 taken along the axes Y-Y and X-X, respectively.
• the seal 102 delimits a cavity 120 at an interior of the seal 102.
• the cavity 120 extends through the seal 102 and is bounded at an upper region by the flange 108 and the drain tubes 104, and is further bounded at a lower region by the inner side 66 of the skin 64 of the APU access door 60. This holds when the door 60 is in the closed position, as illustrated.
• the lower side 1 14 of the seal disengages from the inner side 66 of the door 60 such that the door 60 is free to travel to a position away from the bracket 106, drain tubes 104, and seal 102.
• the cavity 120 is open and exposed to the environment.
• the seal 102 sealingly engages against the inner side 66 of the skin 64 of the door.
• the seal cavity 120 is hermetically sealed with respect to the remainder of the interior of the tail cone.
• the drain tubes 104 extend through the flange 108 and through the bracket 106 into the cavity 120.
• the drain tubes terminate in the upper region of the cavity 120 proximate to the upper side 1 12 of the seal 102.
• the lower portion 114 of the seal is engaged against the outer skin 64 of the door 60.
• a portion 65 of the inner side 66 of the door skin 64 is disposed within the cavity 120.
• a perforation 122 is formed in this portion 65 of the outer skin 64 of the door 60.
• the perforation 122 extends from the cavity 120, through the outer skin 64 of the door 60, to an exterior of the aircraft.
• the perforation 122 is a hole having a circular shape.
• the perforation 122 may assume any desired shape suitable for a particular application of the drainage system 100.
• the perforation may curvilinear shaped, rectilinear shaped, or a combination shape having both curvilinear and rectilinear features.
• the system 100 includes a single perforation 122.
• the drainage system may include more than one perforation. Such multiple perforations can be similarly or differently shaped and they can be disposed proximate or distal to one another.
• the perforation(s) are preferably positioned proximate to such low point.
• the seal 102 is affixed perpendicularly to the angled outer skin 64, as shown in the drawings, thus the cavity itself will be angled and will likely include an area which is lower on the vertical axis than other areas within the cavity.
• the perforation is preferably disposed within this low area to facilitate gravity induced drainage of any fluids within the cavity 120.
• a scupper flange 124 is disposed at the exterior of the aircraft on the outer side 68 of the skin 64 of the door 60 proximate to the perforation 122.
• the scupper flange 124 extends over the perforation 122 and serves to direct expelled fluid in a predetermined direction at the exterior of the aircraft.
• the scupper flange 124 serves to cover the perforation 122 and protect the cavity 120 and the remainder of the drainage system 100 from lightning which may occur at the exterior of the aircraft. That is, the scupper flange, preferably made of carbon fiber or a similar material, blocks the perforation 122 and the cavity 120 and thus prevents a lightning strike from entering.
• Figure 10 shows another cross-sectional view of the seal 102 and drain tubes 104 in isolation.
• the exemplary contour and shape of the seal 102 and of the corresponding cavity 120 are illustrated.
• the drain tubes 104 of the drainage system 100 terminate at one end in the cavity 120.
• the drain tubes 104 extend away from the seal 102 within the aircraft interior and terminate at opposite second ends at an aircraft system or component that is susceptible to fluid leakage or accumulation which requires periodic drainage.
• the drain tubes 104 extend to and are in fluid communication with various components of the APU 58.
• the drain tubes may extend to one or more of the APU inlet plenum drain, the fuel control drain, the bearing seal witness drain, and the turbine plenum drain. When fluid enters the drain tubes 104, it is fed by gravity to the terminal ends of the drain tubes 104 disposed within the cavity 120 within the seal 102.
• the fluid descends from the terminal ends of the drain tubes 104, and flows downward through the cavity 120 to the area 65 of the inner side 66 of the outer skin 66 of the door 60.
• the perforation 122 is formed at a low point of this area 65. Therefore, the leaked fluid is drawn by gravity into the perforation 122, through the outer skin 64 of the door 60, and into and through the scupper flange 124 from where it is expelled into the atmosphere.
• this scenario is with the door in the closed position. With the door in the open position, assuming the aircraft is grounded, liquid descending from the drain tubes 104 would simply fall from the tail cone to the ground.
• the seal 102 has an oval cross-section and thus the delimited cavity 120 possesses a correspondingly ovoid shape. This is merely exemplary, however.
• the seal 102 can assume any cross-sectional shape suitable for receiving the drain tubes 104, for extending to and engaging with the door 60, and for surrounding the perforation 122.
• the seal 102 in the instant embodiment, is formed of a flexible material and is configured to absorb movement of the bracket 106 and APU 58 relative to the aircraft outer skin 64 and, vice versa, movement of the outer skin 64 relative to the interior components of the drainage system 100.
• Figure 1 1 is a schematic cross-section of the drainage system 100 in which the lower side 1 14 of the seal 102 is compressed against the door 60. This compression may be a result of the relative motion described above.
• the seal 102 may further be formed of a fire resistant material.
• the seal 102 is affixed at the upper side 1 12 to the mounting surface 1 10 of the bracket 106.
• the seal 102 extends from the bracket 106 toward the APU access door 60 and includes the freely extending lower end 1 14 which, in the closed position, contacts and seals against the inner side 66 of the door skin 64.
• the seal is not affixed to the door 60, but instead the lower side 1 14 of the seal 102 sealingly engages the seal surface inner side 66 to hermetically seal the cavity 120 when the door 60 is closed.
• the engagement of the seal 102 and the door 60 is broken and the cavity 120 is exposed.
• the lower side 114 of the seal 102 is affixed to the inner side 66 of the outer skin 64 of the door 60.
• the upper side 1 12 of the seal 102 extends freely towards the bracket 106 which, in this embodiment, includes a sealing surface 1 10.
• the bracket 106 which, in this embodiment, includes a sealing surface 1 10.
• the upper side 1 12 of the seal 102 contacts and sealingly engages the sealing surface 1 10 of the bracket to thus form and hermetically seal the cavity 120.
• the upper side 112 of the seal 102 disengages the bracket 106 and, because the seal 102 is affixed to the door 60, the seal travels with the door 60 as it moves away from the bracket 106 and drain tubes 104 into the open position.
• the drainage system 100 creates a drainage pathway 150 as illustrated in Figure 8.
• the pathway 150 extends from the drain tubes 104, into and through the cavity 120, into the perforation 122 and through the outer skin 64 of the aircraft, and finally into the scupper flange 124 from which the fluid is expelled into the atmosphere.
• the fluid is driven along the pathway by gravity and perhaps by a pressure differential created between the stationary air within the cavity and the moving air at the exterior of the aircraft passing around the scupper flange 124.
• the drainage pathway 150 is suited for fluid movement only in the direction described, fluid may not move in the opposite direction of the described fluid pathway 150.
• the fluid pathway 150 is suitable for fluid flow but is not a suitable pathway for lightning or movement of lightning energy.
• the scoop flange 124 inhibits entry of lightning into the cavity 120.
• the described pathway 150 does not provide any direct pathway for lightning to travel into the aircraft. That is, the seal is an elastic, fire- resistant, non-conductive material which does not offer a pathway for lightning.
• metallic conductive items such as the bracket 106 and drain tubes 104 are disposed at a distance from the outer skin 64 of the aircraft and from the perforation 122 formed therein.
• the illustrated embodiment of the aircraft drainage system 100 is described as being disposed at the tail cone of the aircraft to provide drainage to the APU 58. This is merely exemplary.
• the system 100 may be utilized at a variety of locations across the aircraft. More specifically, the drainage system 100 may be used at any location on the aircraft where drainage of flammable or non-flammable fluids is desired, and particularly in areas susceptible to lightning exposure.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Gasket Seals (AREA)
• Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
• Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (4)

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• 2014
  • 2014-02-24 CA CA2902054A patent/CA2902054C/en active Active
  • 2014-02-24 WO PCT/IB2014/000193 patent/WO2014135938A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2014-02-24 EP EP14712338.4A patent/EP2964518B1/en active Active
  • 2014-02-24 CN CN201480011839.3A patent/CN105026260B/zh active Active
  • 2014-02-24 US US14/770,588 patent/US9718531B2/en active Active

Patent Citations (4)

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