WO2014135054A1 - 一种低衰减单模光纤 - Google Patents

一种低衰减单模光纤 Download PDF

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WO2014135054A1
WO2014135054A1 PCT/CN2014/072828 CN2014072828W WO2014135054A1 WO 2014135054 A1 WO2014135054 A1 WO 2014135054A1 CN 2014072828 W CN2014072828 W CN 2014072828W WO 2014135054 A1 WO2014135054 A1 WO 2014135054A1
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Prior art keywords
optical fiber
layer
inner cladding
low
fluorine
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PCT/CN2014/072828
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龙胜亚
王润涵
张磊
周红燕
李�灿
肖文丽
苏梦珣
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长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2014135054A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014135054A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
    • G02B6/03655—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + +

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical fiber transmission, and in particular to a single mode optical fiber with lower attenuation for an optical communication transmission system.
  • single-mode optical fibers are widely used from long-distance trunk networks to metropolitan area networks and access networks.
  • EDFA optical amplification technology and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) have become the milestones in the development of optical communication, which has greatly increased the transmission capacity of optical communication systems.
  • High-speed, large-capacity and long-distance transmission has become a research hotspot in the optical fiber communication industry.
  • the commercialization system of 40G has been continuously evolving to 100G systems, and the super 100G system has already achieved certain research results in the experimental stage.
  • the performance of single mode fiber as an important transmission medium Indicators also need to be further improved.
  • the attenuation, effective area, dispersion and polarization mode dispersion of the fiber are the four key factors affecting the transmission distance and transmission capacity of the system.
  • the advanced modulation method PDM-QPSK and the coherent detection technology at the receiving end and digital signal processing DSP technology are adopted. These technologies can compensate for dispersion and PMD, and can achieve dispersion compensation range above 50,000 ps/nm. PMD compensation range of 20 ⁇ 30ps. Therefore, dispersion and polarization mode dispersion are no longer the most important factors limiting system transmission.
  • the smaller the attenuation coefficient of the fiber the longer the transmission distance of the optical signal; the attenuation amplitude of the optical signal is smaller at the same transmission distance.
  • the larger the effective area of the fiber the smaller the fiber-input power per unit area, the nonlinear effects such as self-phase modulation SPM, cross-phase modulation XPM, and four-wave mixing FWM are relatively weakened, thereby ensuring the transmission quality of optical signals under high power. .
  • the attenuation reduction can be converted to the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of the receiving end, and the redundancy of the OSNR of the system can be increased; the increase of the effective area can allow high fiber-input power, effectively improve the OSNR of the receiving end, and further improve the transmission quality of the system and Transmission distance.
  • OSNR optical signal-to-noise ratio
  • a long-distance link of thousands of kilometers is constructed by using an optical fiber with reduced attenuation, and transmission of an optical signal is performed by a relay station. If the signal attenuation accumulated in the fiber link is minimized, the distance between two adjacent relay stations can be increased, thereby reducing the number of relay stations, and ultimately reducing the cost of operation and maintenance of the relay station. Therefore, reducing the attenuation factor of the fiber is of great importance both in optimizing the system structure and reducing operating costs.
  • the attenuation source of the optical fiber is mainly divided into the inherent loss of the optical fiber and the additional loss caused by the use condition after the optical fiber is manufactured.
  • Intrinsic losses include scattering losses, absorption losses, and losses due to imperfect fiber structure. Additional losses include microbend loss, bend loss, and splice loss.
  • the scattering loss and the absorption loss are determined by the characteristics of the fiber material itself.
  • Rayleigh scattering is a kind of linear scattering (that is, independent of the frequency of the optical signal), and its magnitude is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength, and is caused by The loss is related to the type and concentration of the dopant material. In general, the lower the concentration of the dopant material, the smaller the loss caused by Rayleigh scattering.
  • the fiber is produced by a hybrid VAD/MCVD process
  • the core is produced by VAD
  • the inner cladding is a recessed structure produced by MCVD.
  • Most of the optical power is limited to the low OH VAD core, and the optical power is maximized by the undoped quartz region to minimize optical losses.
  • Refractive index profile The relationship between the refractive index of a glass and its radius in an optical fiber.
  • the core layer closest to the axis it is defined as the core layer closest to the axis, the first cladding layer, the second cladding layer surrounding the core layer, and so on.
  • the outermost layer of the fiber is defined as a pure outer layer of silicon dioxide.
  • Relative refractive index ⁇ is defined by the following equation, ⁇
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to obtain a low-attenuation single-mode optical fiber for a communication transmission system by a reasonable refractive index profile design.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is as follows: comprising a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the first inner cladding layer and the second inner cladding layer are sequentially coated outside the core layer,
  • the core layer radius R1 is 3.5 ⁇ ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇
  • the relative refractive index difference is 0.2% ⁇ 0.4%
  • the first inner cladding radius R2 is 6.5 ⁇ m ⁇ ll ⁇ m
  • the relative refractive index difference is - 0.06% ⁇ 0%
  • the second inner cladding radius R3 is 15 ⁇ m -30 ⁇ m
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ranges from -0.02% to 0.05%
  • the outermost layer is the outer cladding layer
  • the outer cladding layer is the pure outer layer.
  • Silica quartz glass layer is the outer cladding layer.
  • the core layer radius R1 is preferably 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, and the relative refractive index difference ⁇ is preferably 0.2% ⁇ 0.35%.
  • the core layer is composed of quartz glass doped with fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge), or composed of quartz glass doped with fluorine (F) and other dopants, wherein fluorine (F)
  • the contribution ⁇ ? 1 is -0.1% ⁇ -0.03%.
  • the first inner cladding radius R2 is preferably 8 ⁇ ⁇ 10 ⁇ , and the relative refractive index difference ⁇ is preferably -0.05% to 0.02%.
  • the first inner cladding layer is composed of quartz glass doped with fluorine (F) and/or other dopants, wherein the contribution amount of fluorine (F) AF 2 is -0.3% to - 0.1%. .
  • the contribution amount AF 2 of the first inner cladding fluorine (F) is preferably in the range of -0.25% to -0.2%.
  • the second inner cladding layer is composed of quartz glass doped with fluorine (F) and/or other dopants, wherein the contribution amount of fluorine (F) ⁇ F 3 is -0.02% ⁇ -0.03 %.
  • the outer cladding layer is a pure silica quartz glass layer prepared by OVD, VAD or APVD.
  • the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber at a wavelength of 1310 nm is less than or equal to 0.325 dB/km, preferably 0.315 dB/km or less ; and the attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 1550 nm is less than or equal to 0.190 dB/ Km, under preferred conditions, less than or equal to 0.185 dB/km.
  • the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 8.6 ⁇ 9.5 ⁇ m.
  • the cable cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 1260 nm.
  • the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber is 1300 ⁇ 1324 nm, and the dispersion slope of the optical fiber at the zero dispersion wavelength is less than or equal to 0.092 ps/nm 2 *km.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1.
  • the invention adopts a double inner cladding structure, and optimizes the doping amount of the core layer and the cladding layer by using a PCVD deposition process, and precisely controls the cross-sectional structure of the optical fiber to make the optical fiber
  • the refractive index profile design is more reasonable.
  • the dopant changes the refractive index of the quartz glass.
  • the dopants such as bismuth, chlorine and phosphorus can make the refractive index difference of the doped quartz glass positive, which is called "positive dopant", and the dopants such as fluorine and boron can make the refractive index difference negative. , called "negative dopant”.
  • the integrated relative refractive index difference can be positive, negative or zero.
  • the core layer of the invention is simultaneously doped with fluorine and antimony, so that the viscosity of the core layer material is lowered, and the viscosity of the core layer and the cladding layer can be matched, and the residual stress inside the fiber after the drawing is reduced, which is advantageous for reducing the optical fiber.
  • the attenuation coefficient, and the first cladding forms a "sag-cladding" structure on the fiber cross-section to ensure that the "LP01 mode leakage" phenomenon is avoided, the viscosity is smaller than the second inner cladding, and the second inner cladding will be carried during drawing.
  • the attenuation performance of the fiber is far superior to that of the conventional G.652 fiber. Longer non-relay distances and greater system redundancy are available to optimize system architecture and reduce the cost of building and operating the repeater. 4.
  • Ben The integrated optical performance parameters such as cut-off wavelength, bending loss and dispersion of the invention fiber are good in the application band, and the cable cut-off wavelength is small enough to ensure the single-mode state of the optical signal of the optical fiber in the transmission application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the refractive index of an optical fiber in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another refractive index of the optical fiber in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 A core layer and a cladding layer are included.
  • the core layer is composed of quartz glass doped with fluorine and other dopants:
  • the first inner cladding layer is closely surrounding the core layer, and is formed by the PCVD deposition method together with the core layer;
  • the second inner cladding layer is composed of fluorine-doped quartz glass;
  • the third cladding layer is an outer cladding layer, and all the points closely surrounding the second inner cladding layer Layer, a pure silica layer prepared for the OVD process with a diameter of 125 m.
  • the parameters of the optical fiber are designed within the range specified by the core, and the core rod manufacturing process such as the PCVD deposition process is used to manufacture the core rod according to the design requirements of the optical fiber, through the casing process, An outsourced process such as the OVD process completes the manufacture of the entire preform.
  • the PCVD process has a certain advantage in accurately controlling the amount of fluorine doped when a certain concentration of fluorine-doped (F) is performed.
  • the doping material in order to achieve the designed refractive index distribution value, may be fluorine doped, or doped with antimony (other dopants), or may be doped with fluorine, or doped with fluorine (F) and others.
  • the composition of the quartz glass of the dopant in order to achieve the designed refractive index distribution value, may be fluorine doped, or doped with antimony (other dopants), or may be doped with fluorine, or doped with fluorine (F) and others.
  • the composition of the quartz glass of the dopant may be fluorine doped, or doped with antimony (other dopants), or may be doped with fluorine, or doped with fluorine (F) and others.
  • the doping amount of fluorine (F) in the core layer is increased, it means that the concentration of "positive dopant" in the core layer needs to be increased to maintain ⁇ 1 constant, and the doping is performed.
  • the increase in the concentration of the dopant will further reduce the viscosity of the core material, improve the viscosity matching of the core layer and the cladding material, and improve the attenuation performance of the fiber, as reflected in Examples 3 and 4 in Table 1.
  • the optical fiber prepared according to the technical solution of the present embodiment has a mode field diameter of 8.6 ⁇ m to 9.5 ⁇ m at a wavelength of 1310 nm, a cut-off wavelength of the cable below 1260 nm, and attenuation at a wavelength of 1310 nm.
  • the coefficient is less than or equal to 0.325 dB/km, preferably less than or equal to 0.315 dB/km, and the attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 1550 nm is less than or equal to 0.190 dB/km, and preferably less than or equal to 0.185 dB/km.
  • Embodiment 2 A core layer and a cladding layer are included.
  • the core layer is composed of quartz glass doped with fluorine and other dopants:
  • the first inner cladding layer is closely surrounding the core layer and is formed by the PCVD deposition method together with the core layer;
  • the T3 ⁇ 4io second inner cladding layer is composed of fluorine-doped quartz glass;
  • the third cladding layer is an outer cladding layer, closely surrounding the second cladding layer. All layers, a pure silica layer prepared for APVD or VAD, has a diameter of 125 ⁇ m.
  • the parameters of the optical fiber are designed within the range specified by the core, and the mandrel manufacturing process is performed by a PCVD deposition process to manufacture the core rod according to the design requirements of the optical fiber, through the casing process,
  • An outsourced process such as APVD or VAD process completes the manufacture of the entire preform.
  • the PCVD process has a certain advantage in accurately controlling the amount of fluorine doped when a certain concentration of fluorine-doped (F) is carried out.
  • the doping material may be fluorine-doped or exotic, or may be ruthenium-fluorine co-doped, or quartz glass doped with fluorine (F) and other dopants. composition.
  • the outer layer prepared by the APVD process has a higher viscosity than the outer layer prepared by the OVD process, and the fiber annealing process is used to match the viscosity of different glass materials to improve the drawing process.
  • the mode field diameter at the wavelength B lOnm is 8.6 ⁇ m to 9.5 ⁇
  • the cut-off wavelength of the cable is below 1260 nm
  • a suitable annealing process is used to match different glasses.
  • the attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 1310 nm is less than or equal to 0.315 dB/km, preferably 0.310 dB km or less
  • the attenuation coefficient at 1550 nm is less than or equal to 0.190 dB/km, preferably less than or equal to 0.190 dB/km. Or equal to 0.185dB/km.

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Abstract

一种低衰耗单模光纤，包括纤芯层和包层。纤芯层外依次包覆第一内包层和第二内包层。纤芯层半径R1为3.5μm～5μm，相对折射率差Δn1为0.2%～0.4%。第一内包层半径R2为6.5μm～11μm，相对折射率差△n2为-0.06%～0%。第二内包层半径R3为15μm～30μm，相对折射率差△n3为-0.02%～0.05%。最外层是外包层，外包层为纯二氧化硅石英玻璃层。本光纤采用双内包层结构，使光纤的折射率剖面设计更趋合理。对芯层和包层的掺杂剂进行优化，使得纤芯层材料的粘度降低，可以匹配芯层和包层的粘度，有效降低拉丝张力所造成的应力集中在纤芯部分而造成光纤衰减增加。光纤在全面兼容G.652标准的基础上，衰减性能远远优于常规G.652光纤。

Description

一种低衰减单模光纤 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及光纤传输领域， 具体的涉及一种用于光通信传输系统的具有较低衰耗的单 模光纤。
背景技术
[0002] 单模光纤作为目前光纤通信网络的传输媒质， 从长途干线网到城域网以及接入网都被 广泛应用。 EDFA光放大技术和波分复用技术 (WDM)作为光通信发展的里程碑， 使得光通信 系统的传输容量距离积得到了巨大提升， 高速大容量长距离传输成为目前光纤通信行业内的 研究热点。 40G的商业化系统已在不断向 100G系统演进， 并且超 100G系统也已经在实验阶 段取得了一定的研究成果， 为了满足光纤通信系统的发展的需求， 作为重要传输媒质的单模 光纤的相关性能指标也有待进一步改进。 光纤的衰减、 有效面积、 色散及偏振模色散是影响 系统传输距离和传输容量的四个关键因素。对于 100G和超 100G系统， 采用了高级调制方式 PDM-QPSK以及接收端的相干检测技术和数字信号处理 DSP技术，这些技术的引入可以补偿 色散及 PMD， 且能够实现 50000ps/nm以上的色散补偿范围以及 20~30ps的 PMD补偿范围。 因此色散和偏振模色散不再是对系统传输限制的最主要因素。 对于系统而言， 需要克服和减 少光纤的衰减和有效面积这两大因素对光纤通信系统的影响以改善系统传输距离和容量的限 制。 用于光纤传输系统的传输线路中的单模光纤， 光纤衰减系数越小， 光信号的可传输距离 越长； 在同样传输距离下， 光信号的衰减幅度越小。 光纤的有效面积越大， 单位面积上的入 纤功率越小， 则自相位调制 SPM、交叉相位调制 XPM、 四波混频 FWM等非线性效应相对减 弱， 从而保证高功率下光信号的传输质量。 衰减的降低都可以转换到接收端的光信噪比 OSNR, 以及提高系统的 OSNR的冗余量； 有效面积的增大可以允许高入纤功率， 有效提高 接收端的 OSNR， 进一步提高系统的传输质量和传输距离。
[0003] 在长距离通信中是利用衰减降低的光纤构筑数千公里的长距离链路， 光信号的传输是 靠中继站完成的。 如果将光纤链路中累积的信号衰减控制到最小， 就可以增大相邻两个中继 站之间的距离， 从而可以减小中继站的数量， 最终可以大大减小中继站的运营建设及维护的 成本。 因此， 降低光纤的衰减系数不论从优化系统结构还是降低运营成本， 都具有很重要的 意义。
[0004] 在光纤材料中， 光纤的衰减来源主要分为光纤具有的固有损耗以及光纤制成后由使用 条件造成的附加损耗。 固有损耗包括散射损耗、 吸收损耗和因光纤结构不完善引起的损耗。 附加损耗则包括微弯损耗、 弯曲损耗和接续损耗。 其中， 散射损耗和吸收损耗是由光纤材料 本身的特性决定的， 瑞利散射是一种线性散射 （即与光信号的频率无关)， 其大小与波长的 4 次方成反比， 同时由其引起的损耗与掺杂材料的种类与浓度有关。 一般来说， 掺杂材料的浓 度越低， 则瑞利散射所引起的损耗越小。
[0005] 在美国专利 US6917740中，描述了一种材料粘度失配得到改善的纯硅芯单模光纤及其 制造方法。 通过在芯层中掺氯和氟， 使得芯层和包层的玻璃化转变温度 Tg的差值缩小到 200 °C以内， 优化光纤的衰减性能。 该专利未涉及光纤的光学传输性能。
[0006] 在中国专利 CN102411168中， 描述了一种低损耗光纤的设计及其制造方法。借助混合 VAD/MCVD处理过程生产光纤， 纤芯由 VAD生产， 内包层是凹陷结构由 MCVD生产。绝大 部分光功率限制在低 OH的 VAD纤芯中， 以及借助无掺杂石英区的光功率最大化， 使光损耗 达到最小。
[0007] 以下为本发明中涉及的一些术语的定义和说明：
折射率剖面： 光纤中玻璃折射率与其半径之间的关系。
[0008] 从光纤纤芯轴线开始算起， 根据折射率的变化， 定义为最靠近轴线为纤芯层， 围绕在 芯层外的依次为第一包层、 第二包层， 以此类推。 光纤的最外层为纯二氧化硅层定义为光纤 外包层。
[0009] 相对折射率 Λ 由以下方程式定义， η· —
- - ^ ^ χΐ οο%， 其中 为各对应部分的折射率， 而 为包层折射率， 即纯二氧化硅的 折射率。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题旨在通过合理的折射率剖面设计， 获得一种用于通信传输系 统的低衰耗单模光纤。
[0011] 本发明为解决上述提出的问题所采用的技术方案为： 包括有纤芯层和包层， 其特征在 于在纤芯层外依次包覆第一内包层和第二内包层， 所述的纤芯层半径 R1 为 3.5 μ ηι~5 μ ηι， 相对折射率差 为 0.2%~0.4%， 所述的第一内包层半径 R2为 6.5 μ m~ll μ m， 相对折射率 差 为 -0.06%~0%， 所述的第二内包层半径 R3为 15 μ m -30 μ m, 相对折射率差 Δ 范围 为 -0.02%~0.05%; 最外层是外包层， 外包层为纯二氧化硅石英玻璃层。
[0012] 按上述方案， 所述的纤芯层半径 R1优选为 4 μ ηι 〜 5 μ m， 相对折射率差 Δ 优选为 0.2% ~ 0.35%。
[0013] 按上述方案， 所述的纤芯层由掺氟 (F)和锗 (Ge)的石英玻璃组成， 或由掺氟 (F)和其它掺 杂剂的石英玻璃组成， 其中氟 (F)的贡献量 Δ ?1为-0.1% ~ -0.03%。
[0014] 按上述方案， 所述的第一内包层半径 R2优选为 8 μ ηι~10 μ ηι， 相对折射率差 Δ 优选 为 -0.05%〜- 0.02%。
[0015] 按上述方案，所述的第一内包层由掺氟 (F)和 /或其它掺杂剂的石英玻璃组成，其中氟 (F) 的贡献量 A F2为 -0.3%〜 - 0.1%。
[0016] 按上述方案， 所述的第一内包层氟 (F)的贡献量 A F2优选范围为 -0.25%〜 - 0.2%。
[0017] 按上述方案，所述的第二内包层由掺氟 (F)和 /或其它掺杂剂的石英玻璃组成，其中氟 (F) 的贡献量△ F3为 -0.02%〜 -0.03%。
[0018] 按上述方案， 所述的外包层为 OVD、 VAD或 APVD制备的纯二氧化硅石英玻璃层。
[0019] 按上述方案， 所述光纤在 1310nm波长处的衰减系数小于或等于 0.325dB/km， 优选条 件下， 小于或等于 0.315dB/km; 在 1550nm波长处的衰减系数小于或等于 0.190dB/km， 优选 条件下， 小于或等于 0.185dB/km。
[0020] 按上述方案， 所述光纤在 1310nm波长的模场直径为 8.6~ 9.5 μ ηι。
[0021] 按上述方案， 所述光纤的光缆截止波长小于或等于 1260nm。
[0022] 按上述方案， 所述光纤的零色散波长为 1300~1324nm， 光纤在零色散波长处的色散斜 率小于或等于 0.092ps/nm2*km。
[0023] 本发明的有益效果在于： 1.本发明采用了双内包层结构，并利用 PCVD沉积工艺对纤 芯层和包层的掺杂量进行优化， 精确控制光纤的剖面结构， 使光纤的折射率剖面设计更趋合 理。 2. 对芯层和包层的掺杂剂进行优化， 掺杂剂会改变石英玻璃的折射率。 锗、 氯、 磷等掺 杂剂可使掺杂后石英玻璃的折射率差为正值， 称之为 "正掺杂剂"， 而氟、硼等掺杂剂可使折 射率差为负值， 称之为 "负掺杂剂"。 同时使用 "正掺杂剂"和"负掺杂剂"对石英玻璃掺杂， 则综合相对折射率差可为正值、 负值或者 0。 本发明纤芯层中同时掺杂氟和锗， 使得纤芯层 材料的粘度降低， 可以匹配芯层和包层的粘度， 拉丝后的光纤内部的残余应力将会减小， 有 利于减小光纤的衰减系数， 且第一包层在光纤剖面上形成 "下陷包层"结构， 以保证避免出 现 " LP01模泄露"现象， 其粘度小于第二内包层， 第二内包层将在拉丝时承载较大比例的拉 丝张力， 这样可以有效降低拉丝张力所造成的的应力集中在纤芯部分而造成光纤衰减增加。 3.光纤在全面兼容 G.652标准的基础上， 衰减性能远远优于常规 G.652光纤。可以获得更长的 无中继距离与更大的系统冗余量， 从而优化系统结构， 减少中继站的建设和运营成本。 4.本 发明光纤的截止波长、 弯曲损耗、 色散等综合光学性能参数在应用波段良好， 足够小的成缆 截止波长， 可保证该光纤在传输应用中光信号的单模状态。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明的实施例一中的一个光纤折射率剖面示意图。
[0025] 图 2 是本发明的实施例一中的另一个光纤折射率剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
[0026] 以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
[0027] 实施例一： 包括纤芯层和包层， 纤芯层由掺有氟及其他掺杂剂的石英玻璃组成： 纤芯 层外有三个包层。 第一内包层紧密围绕纤芯层， 与纤芯层同为 PCVD沉积法制得； 第二内包 层由掺氟的石英玻璃组成； 第三包层为外包层， 紧密围绕第二内包层的所有分层， 为 OVD 工艺制备的纯二氧化硅层， 直径为 125 m。
[0028] 按照上述单模光纤的技术方案， 在其所规定的范围内对光纤的参数进行设计， 通过 PCVD沉积工艺等芯棒制造工艺来根据光纤的设计要求制造芯棒， 通过套管工艺、 OVD工艺 等外包工艺来完成整个预制棒的制造。 PCVD工艺在进行一定浓度的掺氟 (F)时， 能够精确地 控制掺氟量， 具备一定的优势。 本发明中， 为达到设计的折射率分布值， 掺杂材料可以是掺 氟， 也可以是掺锗 （其它掺杂剂）， 或者可以是锗氟共掺， 或由掺氟 (F)和其它掺杂剂的石英 玻璃组成。
[0029] 所制备光纤的折射率剖面以及掺杂材料的主要参数如表 1所示， 其折射率剖面示意图 如图 1和图 2。
[0030] 所制备光纤的主要性能参数如表 2所示。
[0031] 从实施例可以看出，纤芯层中氟 (F)的掺杂量如果增加，则意味着纤芯层中"正掺杂剂" 的浓度需要增加来维持 Δ 1 不变， 掺杂剂浓度的增加将进一步降低芯层材料的粘度， 提高了 芯层和包层材料的粘度匹配程度， 有利于改善光纤的衰减性能， 正如表 1中实例 3和 4所反 应的情况。
[0032] 实验表明， 按照本实施例的技术方案所制备的光纤， 在波长为 1310nm处的模场直径 为 8.6 μ m到 9.5 μ m， 光缆截止波长在 1260nm以下， 且在 1310nm波长处的衰减系数小于或 等于 0.325dB/km， 优选条件下， 小于或等于 0.315dB/km， 1550nm波长处的衰减系数小于或 等于 0.190dB/km， 优选条件下， 小于或等于 0.185dB/km。
[0033] 表 1: 光纤的结构和材料组成
Figure imgf000007_0001
表 2: 光纤的主要性能参数
5
替换页（细则第 26条) 鶴直径 麵纖 减麵 零色散
序
(dB/km) (dB/km) 波长
-'Ό
@1310nm @1310nm @1550nm (nm)
1 9.1 1 36 0.308 0.178 1312 0.087
2 8.9 1225 0.311 0.184 1317 0.091
3 9.4 1240 0.316 0.185 1309 0.088
4 9.3 1235 0.319 0.190 1307 0.086
5 9.2 1 28 0.310 0.179 1318 0.090
6 8.9 1256 0.309 0.176 1315 0.085
7 8.8 1220 0.311 0.183 1320 0.089
8 8.7 1260 0.307 0.175 1308 0.088
5s •
实施例二： 包括纤芯层和包层， 纤芯层由掺有氟及其他掺杂剂的石英玻璃组成： 芯层外有三 个包层。 第一内 '包层紧密围绕纤芯层， 与纤芯层同为 PCVD 沉积法制得； T¾io第二内包层由掺 氟的石英玻璃组成； 第三包层为外包层， 紧密围绕第二包层的所有分层， 为 APVD 或 VAD 制备的纯二氧化硅层， 直径为 125μιη。
[0034] 按照上述单模光纤的技术方案， 在其所规定的范围内对光纤的参数进行设计， 通过 PCVD沉积工艺等芯棒制造工艺来根据光纤的设计要求制造芯棒， 通过套管工艺、 APVD或 VAD 工艺等外包工艺来完成整个预制棒的制造。 PCVD 工艺在进行一定浓度的掺氟 (F)时， 能够精确地控制掺氟量， 具备一定的优势。 本发明中， 为达到设计的折射率分布值， 掺杂材 料可以是掺氟， 也可以是惨锗， 或者可以是锗氟共掺， 或由掺氟 (F)和其它掺杂剂的石英玻璃 组成。
[0035] 所制备光纤的折射率剖面以及掺杂材料的主要参数如表 3所示。
[0036] 所制备光纤的主要性能参数如表 4所示。
[0037] 在实施例二的技术方案中， 由于 APVD工艺制备的外包层比 OVD工艺制备的外包层 的粘度大， 加上采用光纤退火工艺， 配合不同的玻璃材料粘度匹配， 改善了拉丝过程中各包
6
替换页（细则第 26条) 层的应力分布情况， 其中外包层能承担更大的应力， 减少了芯层和内包层在拉丝后严生的缺 陷， 改善了光纤衰减性能。 同时纤芯层和内包层可以减少惨杂， 衰减系数更小。
[0038] 按照本实施例的技术方案所制备的光纤， 在波长为 B lOnm 处的模场直径为 8.6 μ m 到 9.5 μ πι， 光缆截止波长在 1260nm以下， 采用合适的退火工艺， 匹配不同玻璃材料的粘度 后， 在 1310nm 波长处的衰减系数小于或等于 0.315dB/km， 优选条件下， 小于或等于 0.310dB km, 1550nm 波长处的衰减系数小于或等于 0.190dB/km， 优选条件下， 小于或等 于 0.185dB/km。
[0039]
表 3 : 光纤的结构和材料组成
Figure imgf000009_0001
表 4: 光纤的主要性能参数
替换页（细则第 26条) ϋ3/: ϋ OΗ1£寸ϊοίAV
Figure imgf000010_0001

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种低衰耗单模光纤， 包括有纤芯层和包层， 其特征在于在纤芯层外依次包 覆第一内包层和第二内包层， 所述的纤芯层半径1?1为3. 5 4 1^5 4 111， 相对折射 率差 Δ 为 0. 2%〜0. 4%， 所述的第一内包层半径 R2为 6. 5 μ ΙΙΓ Ι Ι μ m， 相对折射 率差 为_0. 06%〜 0%， 所述的第二内包层半径 R3为 15 μ m ^30 μ m, 相对折射率 差^ 范围为 -0. 029 Ο. 05%；最外层是外包层，外包层为纯二氧化硅石英玻璃层。
2. 按权利要求 1所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述的纤芯层半径 R1为
4 μ II！ 〜 5 μ m， 相对折射率差 Δ 为 0. 2% 0. 35%。
3. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述的纤芯层由掺氟 (F)和锗 (Ge)的石英玻璃组成， 或由掺氟 (F)和其它掺杂剂的石英玻璃组成， 其中 氟（F)的贡献量 为 -0. 1% -0. 03%。
4. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述的第一内包层半 径 R2为 8 μ ΙΙ ΙΟ μ m, 相对折射率差 Δ 为- 0. 05% - 0. 02%。
5. 按权利要求 3所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述的第一内包层由掺氟 (F)和 /或其它掺杂剂的石英玻璃组成， 其中氟 (F)的贡献量 A F2为 -0. 3% -0. 1%。
6. 按权利要求 5所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述的第一内包层氟 (F) 的贡献量 为 -0. 25% -0. 2%。
7. 按权利要求 5所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述的第二内包层由掺氟 (F)和 /或其它掺杂剂的石英玻璃组成， 其中氟 (F)的贡献量 A F3为 -0. 02%
-0. 03%。
8. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述的外包层为 0VD、 VAD或 APVD制备的纯二氧化硅石英玻璃层。
9. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述光纤在 1310nm 波长处的衰减系数小于或等于 0. 325dB/km; 在 1550nm波长处的衰减系数小于或 等于 0. 190dB/km。
10. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的低衰耗单模光纤， 其特征在于所述光纤在 1310nm 波长的模场直径为 8. 6〜 9. 5 μ m。
11. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的低衰耗单模光纤，其特征在于所述光纤的光缆截止 波长小于或等于 1260nm。
12. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的低衰耗单模光纤，其特征在于所述光纤的零色散波 长为 130(Tl324nm，光纤在零色散波长处的色散斜率小于或等于 0. 092ps/nm\kmo
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