WO2014131272A1 - 设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉 - Google Patents

设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014131272A1
WO2014131272A1 PCT/CN2013/082337 CN2013082337W WO2014131272A1 WO 2014131272 A1 WO2014131272 A1 WO 2014131272A1 CN 2013082337 W CN2013082337 W CN 2013082337W WO 2014131272 A1 WO2014131272 A1 WO 2014131272A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
external steam
steam heater
flue
heating surface
boiler
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/082337
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭琴琴
董师宏
Original Assignee
上海锅炉厂有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PL409452A priority Critical patent/PL225907B1/pl
Application filed by 上海锅炉厂有限公司 filed Critical 上海锅炉厂有限公司
Priority to MYPI2014703873A priority patent/MY183738A/en
Publication of WO2014131272A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014131272A1/zh
Priority to ZA2014/06666A priority patent/ZA201406666B/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • F22G7/12—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition in flues

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a boiler with an external steam heater, and more particularly to a boiler with an external steam heater that is separated by a tail flue and whose flow rate is adjustable, and belongs to the technical field of boilers. Background technique
  • the flue gas baffle temperature adjustment method is widely used.
  • the boiler adopting the flue gas baffle to adjust the reheat steam temperature mode the tail flue is divided into two flue pipes, which are called the tail front flue and the tail rear flue.
  • Different heating surfaces are arranged in the front front flue and the rear rear flue, and the flue gas temperature regulating baffle is arranged below the separating flue.
  • two-stage (or two-part) reheater heating surfaces are generally arranged.
  • the low temperature (or first part) reheater is placed in the tail front flue and the high temperature (or second part) reheater is placed in the horizontal flue before the tail flue.
  • a low temperature superheater is arranged in the rear flue of the tail.
  • the economizers are respectively arranged below the low temperature reheater of the tail front flue, below the low temperature superheater of the rear flue or separately below the low temperature superheater in the rear flue of the tail.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional double-flue boiler.
  • the steam from the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine enters the reheat steam inlet header 15 and is heated by the low-temperature reheater 6.1 to enter the low-temperature reheater outlet header 16 and is led to the high-temperature reheater inlet header 17 by the pipeline.
  • the high temperature reheater 18 is heated to the desired steam temperature, it reaches the high temperature reheater outlet header 19.
  • the high temperature reheat steam that meets the parameter requirements is introduced into the subsequent system, and generally enters the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder to continue work.
  • the low temperature reheater 6.1 is installed with a front flue economizer 6.2, and the other side of the low temperature reheater 6.1 is a second low temperature superheater 7.1 separated by a partition wall 5, the second low temperature superheater 7.1 A rear flue economizer 7.2 is installed below.
  • the conventional flue gas baffle temperature regulating boiler described above is mainly used in a power station boiler. After the superheated steam generated by the boiler is worked by the steam turbine high pressure cylinder, the exhaust steam enters the boiler reheater to be heated again, and the reheat steam generated is generated. The steam enters the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder to continue work.
  • the reheat steam outlet temperature is the same as or similar to the superheated steam outlet temperature.
  • the ratio of the reheat steam flow to the superheated steam flow does not change much with the boiler load.
  • the ratio of the reheat steam heat absorption to the total boiler heat absorption varies with the boiler load. Not large, the fluctuation range is in the range of ⁇ 5%.
  • Heating of external steam generally requires heating it from a saturated state to steam with a certain degree of superheat or heating it from a state of low superheat to a higher temperature, but the required outlet temperature is compared with the superheated steam outlet temperature of the boiler. Still lower, generally lower than 450 ° C, and the boiler superheated steam outlet temperature is generally around 530 ⁇ 550 ° C.
  • the reheater Since the reheat steam outlet temperature required for the reheat steam boiler of the existing power station is the same as or close to the superheated steam outlet temperature, it is also in the range of 530 to 550 ° C, so the reheater is generally divided into two stages (or two parts).
  • the reheater is arranged on the heating surface, and the external steam heated by the non-power station boiler described above has a lower outlet temperature, generally lower than 450 ° C. Therefore, the original reheater heating surface is used for Heating the external steam does not result in a suitable outlet temperature.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the original reheater heating surface is used for heating external steam, and the suitable outlet temperature cannot be obtained; the separate saturated steam superheating furnace is provided, but the problem of large area, complicated system and high cost is
  • the utility model provides a boiler with an external steam heater which has a simple structure, small footprint, cost saving and good regulation.
  • the present invention provides a boiler provided with an external steam heater, comprising a furnace, the furnace is connected to the tail flue, and the middle portion of the tail flute is divided into a tail front flue and a rear rear smoke through the partition wall.
  • a first heating surface is arranged in the front flue of the tail
  • a first flue gas regulating baffle is arranged below the first heating surface
  • a second heating surface is arranged in the rear flue
  • a second heating surface is arranged below the second heating surface.
  • the external steam heater heating surface is only disposed in the first heating surface or the second heating surface, and the external steam heater comprises an external steam heater inlet header and an external steam heater outlet header
  • the external steam heater inlet header and the external steam heater outlet header are respectively connected to both ends of the external steam heater heating surface.
  • the first heating surface is solely an external steam heater heating surface or is composed of an external steam heater heating surface and a first economizer
  • the second heating surface is separately a second economizer or a low temperature superheater.
  • the second economizer composition is solely an external steam heater heating surface or is composed of an external steam heater heating surface and a first economizer
  • the second heating surface is separately a second economizer or a low temperature superheater.
  • the second economizer composition is separately a second economizer or a low temperature superheater.
  • the first heating surface is solely a first economizer or consists of a low temperature superheater and a first economizer
  • the second heating surface is solely an external steam heater heating surface or an external steam heater heating surface.
  • the second economizer composition is solely a first economizer or consists of a low temperature superheater and a first economizer
  • the main steam pressure in the furnace is at least 8 MPa.
  • the invention adds an external steam heater heating surface in a mature boiler, which is arranged in a single-stage heating surface, and the external steam heater outlet is no longer connected to the heating surface of other boilers, and can pass the single cigarette in the existing boiler.
  • the channels are separated, and an external steam heater heating surface is arranged in one of the separated flue to meet the requirement of heating the steam to a specific parameter to meet the demand for steam parameters in the non-power station system; setting the flue gas temperature regulating baffle through the baffle
  • the opening degree controls the distribution of the flue gas of the front and rear flue of the tail, thereby adjusting the heat absorption of the heating surface of the external steam heater to achieve the purpose of adjusting the outlet temperature, and has good regulation performance.
  • the invention can achieve the effect of generating the rated parameter steam without increasing or decreasing the floor space and adding no additional boiler system, and has the advantages of simple system structure, convenient implementation and cost saving.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a conventional double flue boiler
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a boiler with an external steam heater.
  • 1 is the furnace
  • 2 is the tail flue
  • 3 is the tail front flue
  • 4 is the tail rear flue
  • 5 is the partition wall
  • 6 is the first heating surface
  • 6.1 is the low temperature reheater
  • 6.2 is the front flue coal
  • ⁇ is the second heating surface
  • 7.1 is the second low temperature superheater
  • 7.2 is the rear flue economizer
  • 8 is the first flue gas regulating baffle
  • 9 is the second flue gas regulating baffle
  • 10 is the screen type Superheater
  • 11 is high temperature superheater
  • 12 is first low temperature superheater
  • 13 is external
  • 14 is the external steam heater outlet header.
  • 15 is a reheat steam inlet header
  • 16 is a low temperature reheater outlet header
  • 17 is a high temperature reheater inlet header
  • 18 is a high temperature reheater
  • 19 is a high temperature reheater outlet header.
  • the present invention is a boiler provided with an external steam heater for generating main steam (superheated steam) having a pressure of not less than 8. OMPa.
  • the present invention utilizes the original power boiler equipment in which a primary heating surface is added to heat the external steam to the desired parameters.
  • the original power boiler tail is designed as a single flue, in which an economizer is placed.
  • the original tail flue 2 is divided into a tail front flue 3 and a rear rear flue 4 .
  • An external steam heater heating surface is added to one of the divided flue, that is, the first heating surface 6 or the second heating surface 7 includes an external steam heater heating surface, and the external steam heater heating surface is only installed in the first heating Inside the face 6 or the second heated face 7.
  • the external steam heater heating surface is arranged as a single-stage heating surface, and the medium in the external steam heater heating surface has independent inlets and outlets, that is, the external steam heater inlet header 13 and the external steam heater outlet header 14 , external steam
  • the heater inlet header 13 and the external steam heater outlet header 14 are respectively connected to both ends of the external steam heater heating surface, and are no longer connected to other boiler heating surfaces, and the outlet medium satisfies the parameters of the subsequent system.
  • the external steam After the external steam is introduced into the external steam heater inlet header 13 , it is heated to the desired steam temperature by the external steam heater heating surface, and then enters the external steam heater outlet header 14 and is led out to the subsequent process system.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic structural view of a boiler with an external steam heater.
  • the furnace 1 is connected to the tail flue 2, and the middle portion of the tail flue 2 of the superheated steam boiler which produces only one parameter is divided by the partition wall 5 into the tail front flue 3 and the rear rear flue 4, and the tail front flue 3
  • a first heating surface 6 is mounted therein, a first flue gas regulating baffle 8 is mounted under the first heating surface 6, a second heating surface 7 is mounted in the rear rear flue 4, and a second second surface is mounted below the second heating surface 7.
  • the flue gas regulating baffle 9, the lower front flue 3 and the lower rear flue 4 are merged into the tail flue 2.
  • the external steam heater heating surface may be arranged in any of the separate flue gases, either in the tail front flue 3 or in the rear rear flue 4, depending on the orientation of the inlet steam duct and the ease of arrangement.
  • An economizer can be placed in the lower part of the external steam heater heating surface. Separated in another In the flue, the boiler economizer can be arranged according to the needs of the boiler design, or the boiler superheater is arranged on the upper part, and the boiler economizer is arranged on the lower part.
  • one of the first heated surface 6 and the second heated surface 7 is separately an external steam heater heating surface or an external steam heater heating surface combined with an economizer, and the other is an economizer or a low temperature superheater and the province alone. Coal combination.
  • the steam at the outlet of the external steam heater needs to be taken out of the boiler flue 2.
  • the external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the tail front flue 3
  • the steam can be taken out through the front flue front wall or the tail flue roof.
  • the external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the rear rear flue 4
  • the steam can be taken out through the rear flue back wall or the tail flue roof.
  • the external steam heater heating surface is used to heat the steam from the system other than the boiler or the steam of the boiler itself after decompression or decompression and decompression to the required temperature, and the inlet parameter is saturated or superheated. , its export parameters are overheated. .
  • the medium on the heating surface of the external steam heater has separate inlets and outlets, and its outlet is not connected to the other heated surfaces of the boiler.
  • the flue gas conditioning baffle is used to regulate the steam temperature at the outlet of the external steam heater at a nominal value.
  • the temperature regulation of the outlet medium of the external steam heater is performed by the flue gas regulating baffle.
  • the flue gas flow rate through the tail front flue 3 and the rear rear flue 4 is adjusted by adjusting the flue gas adjusting baffle opening to adjust the heat absorption of the external steam heater heating surface to obtain the desired outlet medium temperature.
  • the invention relates to a boiler with an external steam heater, comprising a furnace 1 and a tail flue 2, wherein the fuel is burned in the furnace 1 to generate flue gas, as shown in Fig. 2, the direction of the arrow is the direction of entry of the flue gas, the flue gas After entering the tail flue 2, the screen superheater 10, the high temperature superheater 11 and the first low temperature superheater 12 are arranged in this order from the upper part of the furnace 1 to the tail flue 2 in order of the flue gas entering.
  • the tail flue 2 is divided into a tail front flue 3 and a rear rear flue 4 through a partition wall 5, and an economizer is arranged in the tail front flue 3; an external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the rear rear flue 4.
  • a first flue gas regulating baffle 8 and a second flue gas regulating baffle 9 are respectively disposed at a lower portion of the tail front flue 3 and the rear rear flue 4, and the flue gas flows through the first flue gas regulating baffle 8 and the second flue.
  • the gas regulating baffle 9 is then recombined in the tail flue 2.
  • the exiting flue gas flows through the air preheater and exits the boiler.
  • the boiler generates a total of two parameter grade steam
  • the first parameter grade is the high pressure superheated steam parameter, mainly the high pressure boiler feed water (pressure 14.0 MPa, temperature 200 ° C) through the economizer, evaporator and superheater After heating, high pressure superheated steam is produced.
  • the parameters of the outlet superheated steam are: flow rate 600t/h, pressure 12.5MPa, temperature 540°C.
  • the device 12 belongs to the heating surface of this parameter level.
  • the second parameter grade is the medium pressure parameter, the flow rate is 250t/h, the inlet pressure is 2.6MPa, the inlet temperature is the saturation temperature, and the outlet temperature is 340°C.
  • the steam source of the medium pressure parameter is steam of other process systems outside the boiler, and the heat absorption inside the boiler is completed by the external steam heater heating surface.
  • the boiler needs to control the superheated steam temperature and the medium pressure steam temperature to reach the rated value during operation.
  • the above-mentioned medium-pressure parameter steam has constant pressure and temperature parameters, and its flow rate fluctuates in the range of 200-300 t/h with the demand of other process systems outside the boiler, but there is no specific steam flow and boiler load at the boiler superheated steam outlet. The relationship does not decrease as the boiler load decreases.
  • the first flue gas regulating baffle 8 and the second are provided. Flue gas regulating baffle 9.
  • the external steam heater is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the flue gas regulating baffle to adjust the flow of flue gas flowing through the heating surface of the external steam heater.
  • the heat absorbed by the heated surface achieves the purpose of controlling the temperature of the outlet of the external steam heater.
  • the opening degree of the flue gas regulating baffle changes, the amount of flue gas flowing through the economizer in the front flue 3 of the tail also changes accordingly, affecting the heat absorption of the economizer, and thus the influence on the superheated steam temperature is overheated.
  • the two-stage water spray desuperheater configured in the steam system is adjusted to ensure that the steam temperature of the superheated steam outlet also reaches the rated parameter.
  • the invention relates to a boiler with an external steam heater.
  • the economizer is arranged in the tail front flue 3, and the boiler superheater is arranged on the upper part of the economizer; the external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the rear rear flue 4, An economizer is installed in the lower part of the heating surface of the external steam heater. That is, the first heating surface 6 is composed of a low temperature superheater and a first economizer, and the second heating surface 7 is composed of an external steam heater heating surface and a second economizer. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the invention relates to a boiler with an external steam heater.
  • the economizer is arranged in the tail front flue 3; the outer steam heater heating surface is arranged in the rear rear flue 4, and the lower part of the external steam heater heating surface is installed.
  • Economizer That is, the first heat receiving surface 6 is solely the first economizer, and the second heating surface 7 is composed of the outer steam heater heating surface and the second economizer. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the invention relates to a boiler with an external steam heater, and an economizer is arranged in the tail front flue 3,
  • the boiler superheater is arranged on the upper part of the coal machine;
  • the external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the rear rear flue 4. That is, the first heat receiving surface 6 is composed of a low temperature superheater and a first economizer, and the second heating surface 7 is solely an external steam heater heating surface.
  • Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the invention relates to a boiler with an external steam heater.
  • the economizer is arranged in the rear rear flue 4, and the boiler superheater is arranged on the upper part of the economizer; the external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the tail front flue 3,
  • An economizer is installed in the lower part of the heating surface of the external steam heater. That is, the second heat receiving surface 7 is composed of a low temperature superheater and a second economizer, and the first heating surface 6 is composed of an external steam heater heating surface and a first economizer. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the invention is a boiler with an external steam heater, and an economizer is arranged in the rear rear flue 4; an external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the tail front flue 3. That is, the second heat receiving surface 7 is solely the second economizer, and the first heating surface 6 is solely the external steam heater heating surface. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the invention relates to a boiler with an external steam heater, and an economizer is arranged in the rear rear flue 4; an external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the tail front flue 3, and a lower part of the external steam heater heating surface is installed.
  • Economizer That is, the second heat receiving surface 7 is solely a second economizer, and the first heating surface 6 is composed of an external steam heater heating surface and a first economizer. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the invention relates to a boiler with an external steam heater.
  • An economizer is arranged in the rear rear flue 4, and a boiler superheater is arranged on the upper part of the economizer; an external steam heater heating surface is arranged in the tail front flue 3. That is, the second heat receiving surface 7 is composed of a low temperature superheater and a second economizer, and the first heating surface 6 is solely a heating surface of the external steam heater. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

Abstract

一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，包括炉膛（1），炉膛（1）与尾部烟道（2）连接，尾部烟道（2）的中间部分通过隔墙（5）分为尾部前烟道（3）和尾部后烟道（4），尾部前烟道（3）内设有第一受热面（6），第一受热面（6）下面设有第一烟气调节挡板（8），尾部后烟道（4）内设有第二受热面（7），第二受热面（7）下面设有第二烟气调节挡板（9），其特征在于，外部蒸汽加热器受热面仅设于第一受热面或第二受热面内，外部蒸汽加热器包括外部蒸汽加热器进口集箱（13）和外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱（14），外部蒸汽加热器进口集箱（13）和外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱（14）分别与外部蒸汽加热器受热面的两端连接。上述锅炉结构简单、占地小、节约成本、调节性好。

Description

设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，尤其涉及一种尾部烟道分隔且流 量可调节的带外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉， 属于锅炉技术领域。 背景技术
现有的大型锅炉受热面一般布置有省煤器、 蒸发器、过热器和再热器。为了 控制再热器出口的再热蒸汽的温度满足要求， 常用的调温方法有燃烧器摆动方 法、 再热器喷水减温方法、 烟气再循环方法和烟气挡板调温方法。
在双烟道锅炉中，烟气挡板调温方式被广泛使用。采用烟气挡板调节再热汽 温方式的锅炉，尾部烟道被分隔成两个烟道，分别称为尾部前烟道和尾部后烟道。 在尾部前烟道和尾部后烟道内分别布置不同的受热面，烟气调温挡板布置在分隔 烟道的下方。 对于采用烟气挡板调节方式的锅炉， 一般布置两级（或两部分）再 热器受热面。 低温（或第一部分）再热器布置在尾部前烟道内， 高温（或第二部 分）再热器布置在尾部烟道前的水平烟道内。尾部后烟道内布置低温过热器。 而 省煤器则根据需要分别布置在尾部前烟道低温再热器的下方、后烟道低温过热器 的下方或单独布置在尾部后烟道内低温过热器的下方。通过调节烟气调温挡板的 开度， 调节通过尾部前烟道和尾部后烟道内的烟气流量， 改变前、后烟道中受热 面的吸热量， 尤其改变低温再热器的吸热量， 从而达到调节再热汽温的目的。
如图 1所示，为传统双烟道锅炉的结构示意图。汽轮机高压缸排汽来的蒸汽 进入再热蒸汽进口集箱 15，经低温再热器 6.1加热后，进入低温再热器出口集箱 16， 由管道引至高温再热器进口集箱 17， 再经高温再热器 18加热至所需蒸汽温 度后到达高温再热器出口集箱 19。 满足参数要求的高温再热蒸汽引入至后续的 系统中， 一般进入到汽轮机中压缸继续作功。 其中， 低温再热器 6.1的下方安装 有前烟道省煤器 6.2， 低温再热器 6.1的另一侧为通过隔墙 5隔开的第二低温过 热器 7.1， 第二低温过热器 7.1的下方安装有后烟道省煤器 7.2。
在以上所述的常规烟气挡板调温型锅炉主要用于电站锅炉中，锅炉产生的过 热蒸汽经汽轮机高压缸做功后，排汽进入锅炉再热器再次加热，所产生的再热蒸 汽进入汽轮机中压缸继续做功。一般再热蒸汽出口温度与过热蒸汽出口温度相同 或相近， 再热蒸汽流量与过热蒸汽流量的比值随锅炉负荷变化不大， 再热蒸汽吸 热量占锅炉总吸热量的比例随锅炉负荷变化不大， 波动范围在〜 5%范围内。
目前在非电站用锅炉中，尤其是化工系统中， 由于蒸汽参数分级是根据化工 流程需要来确定的， 有些蒸汽需要被加热至一定的参数， 对加热蒸汽的流量、 温 度、压力等要求比较灵活，这些蒸汽与化工系统配置的动力锅炉所产生的过热蒸 汽在流量、压力和温度方面没有特定的关系， 一般称之为外部蒸汽。 外部蒸汽可 以由锅炉以外的化工系统提供，也可以根据由锅炉本身的蒸汽经过减压或减温减 压以后得到特定参数的蒸汽。对外部蒸汽的加热一般要求将其从饱和状态加热至 具有一定过热度的蒸汽或将其从过热度较低的状态加热至较高温度，但其要求的 出口温度与锅炉过热蒸汽出口温度相比仍较低， 一般低于 450°C， 而锅炉过热蒸 汽出口温度一般在 530〜550°C左右。
由于现有电站用的再热蒸汽锅炉要求的再热蒸汽出口温度与其过热蒸汽出 口温度一致或接近， 也在 530〜550°C左右范围内， 因此再热器一般分为两级（或 两部分）再热器受热面布置， 而以上所述的非电站用锅炉中要求的外部蒸汽加热 后的出口温度较低， 一般低于 450°C， 因此， 将原有的再热器受热面用于加热外 部蒸汽， 无法获得适合的出口温度。
对外部蒸汽的加热在专利 ZL200720303494. 6中提供了一种解决方案， 设置 单独的饱和蒸汽过热炉， 以实现将蒸汽加热至系统所需参数的目的。但这种方式 需要增加一整套锅炉相关的系统， 如燃烧设备、 炉墙、 冷凝水加热器、 空气预热 器等， 占地面积大， 系统复杂， 成本高。 发明内容
本发明的目的是解决将原有的再热器受热面用于加热外部蒸汽，无法获得适 合的出口温度； 设置单独的饱和蒸汽过热炉， 但占地面积大、 系统复杂、 成本高 的问题， 提供一种结构简单、 占地小、 节约成本、 调节性好的设外部蒸汽加热器 的锅炉。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，包括炉膛， 炉膛与尾部烟道连接，尾部烟道的中间部分通过隔墙分为尾部前烟道和尾部后烟 道， 尾部前烟道内设有第一受热面， 第一受热面下面设有第一烟气调节挡板， 尾 部后烟道内设有第二受热面，第二受热面下面设有第二烟气调节挡板， 其特征在 于， 外部蒸汽加热器受热面仅设于第一受热面或第二受热面内， 外部蒸汽加热器 包括外部蒸汽加热器进口集箱和外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱，外部蒸汽加热器进口 集箱和外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱分别与外部蒸汽加热器受热面的两端连接。
优选地，所述的第一受热面单独为外部蒸汽加热器受热面或由外部蒸汽加热 器受热面和第一省煤器组成，第二受热面单独为第二省煤器或由低温过热器和第 二省煤器组成。
优选地，所述的第一受热面单独为第一省煤器或由低温过热器和第一省煤器 组成，第二受热面单独为外部蒸汽加热器受热面或由外部蒸汽加热器受热面和第 二省煤器组成。
优选地， 所述炉膛内的主蒸汽压力至少为 8MPa。
本发明通过在成熟的锅炉中增设外部蒸汽加热器受热面，其为单级受热面布 置， 外部蒸汽加热器出口不再连接至其它锅炉受热面， 可以通过在现有的锅炉中 对尾部单烟道进行分隔， 在其中的一个分隔烟道内布置外部蒸汽加热器受热面， 达到加热蒸汽至特定参数的要求，满足非电站系统中对蒸汽参数的需求； 设置烟 气调温挡板， 通过挡板开度控制调节尾部前、后烟道的烟气份额， 从而调节外部 蒸汽加热器受热面的吸热量， 达到调节出口温度的目的， 具有良好的调节性能。 本发明能够通过不增加或少增加占地面积、不增加额外的锅炉系统达到产生额定 参数蒸汽的效果， 具有系统结构简单， 实施方便， 节约成本的优点。 附图说明
图 1为传统双烟道锅炉的结构示意图；
图 2为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
1为炉膛， 2为尾部烟道， 3为尾部前烟道， 4为尾部后烟道， 5为隔墙， 6 为第一受热面， 6.1 为低温再热器， 6.2为前烟道省煤器， Ί为第二受热面， 7.1 为第二低温过热器， 7.2为后烟道省煤器， 8为第一烟气调节挡板， 9为第二烟气 调节挡板， 10为屏式过热器， 11为高温过热器， 12为第一低温过热器， 13为外 部蒸汽加热器进口集箱， 14为外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱。 15为再热蒸汽进口集 箱， 16为低温再热器出口集箱， 17为高温再热器进口集箱， 18为高温再热器， 19为高温再热器出口集箱。 具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂， 兹以优选实施例， 并配合附图作详细说明如下。 本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉， 用于产生压力不小于 8. OMPa的主 蒸汽 （过热蒸汽）。 本发明利用原有的动力锅炉设备， 在其中增加一级受热面， 以加热外部蒸汽至所需的参数。原有的动力锅炉尾部设计为单烟道， 其中布置省 煤器。为了加热外部蒸汽，将原有的尾部烟道 2分隔为尾部前烟道 3和尾部后烟 道 4。 在其中的一个分隔烟道中增设外部蒸汽加热器受热面， 即第一受热面 6或 第二受热面 7包含有外部蒸汽加热器受热面，且该外部蒸汽加热器受热面仅安装 在第一受热面 6或第二受热面 7内。 外部蒸汽加热器受热面为单级受热面布置， 外部蒸汽加热器受热面中的介质有独立的进口和出口，即外部蒸汽加热器进口集 箱 13和外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱 14， 外部蒸汽加热器进口集箱 13和外部蒸汽 加热器出口集箱 14分别与外部蒸汽加热器受热面的两端连接， 且不再连接至其 它锅炉受热面， 其出口介质满足后续系统的参数要求。
外来蒸汽引入外部蒸汽加热器进口集箱 13后， 经外部蒸汽加热器受热面加 热至所需的蒸汽温度后， 进入外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱 14， 由管道引出至后续 工艺系统。
如图 2所示，为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉的结构示意图。炉膛 1与尾部 烟道 2连接，将仅产生一种参数的过热蒸汽锅炉的尾部烟道 2的中间部分通过隔 墙 5分隔为尾部前烟道 3和尾部后烟道 4，尾部前烟道 3内安装有第一受热面 6， 第一受热面 6下面安装有第一烟气调节挡板 8， 尾部后烟道 4内安装有第二受热 面 7， 第二受热面 7下面安装有第二烟气调节挡板 9， 尾部前烟道 3和尾部后烟 道 4的下部合并于尾部烟道 2内。
外部蒸汽加热器受热面可以布置在任一个分隔烟道中，既可以布置在尾部前 烟道 3中， 也可以布置在尾部后烟道 4中， 可根据进口蒸汽管道的走向以及布置 的便利性确定。在外部蒸汽加热器受热面的下部， 可设置省煤器。在另一个分隔 烟道中， 可根据锅炉设计的需要， 布置锅炉省煤器， 或者上部布置锅炉过热器， 下部布置锅炉省煤器。即第一受热面 6和第二受热面 7的其中一个单独为外部蒸 汽加热器受热面或外部蒸汽加热器受热面与省煤器的组合，另一个单独为省煤器 或低温过热器和省煤器的组合。外部蒸汽加热器出口的蒸汽需要引出至锅炉烟道 2以外， 当外部蒸汽加热器受热面布置在尾部前烟道 3内时， 蒸汽的引出可以通 过尾部烟道前墙或尾部烟道炉顶引出；当外部蒸汽加热器受热面布置在尾部后烟 道 4内时， 蒸汽的引出可以通过尾部烟道后墙或尾部烟道炉顶引出。外部蒸汽加 热器受热面用于加热锅炉以外系统来的蒸汽或锅炉本身蒸汽经减压或减温减压 后的与原蒸汽参数不同的蒸汽至所需温度， 其进口参数为饱和状态或过热状态， 其出口参数为过热状态。。 外部蒸汽加热器受热面的介质有独立的进口和出口， 且其出口不与锅炉其它的受热面进行连接。烟气调节挡板用于调节外部蒸汽加热 器出口的蒸汽温度在额定值。外部蒸汽加热器出口介质的温度调节通过烟气调节 挡板进行。通过调节烟气调节挡板开度来调节通过尾部前烟道 3和尾部后烟道 4 的烟气流量，从而调节外部蒸汽加热器受热面的吸热量， 以获得所需要的出口介 质温度。
实施例 1
本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉， 包括炉膛 1和尾部烟道 2， 燃料在 炉膛 1内燃烧后产生烟气， 如图 2所示， 箭头方向为烟气的进入方向， 烟气进入 尾部烟道 2， 从炉膛 1上部开始至进入尾部烟道 2前， 按烟气进入的顺序依次布 置有屏式过热器 10、高温过热器 11和第一低温过热器 12。尾部烟道 2通过隔墙 5分为尾部前烟道 3和尾部后烟道 4， 尾部前烟道 3内布置了省煤器； 尾部后烟 道 4内布置了外部蒸汽加热器受热面。在尾部前烟道 3和尾部后烟道 4下部分别 设置有第一烟气调节挡板 8和第二烟气调节挡板 9， 烟气流经第一烟气调节挡板 8和第二烟气调节挡板 9后重新合并于尾部烟道 2内。 出口的烟气流经空气预热 器后排出锅炉。
本实施例中锅炉共产生两个参数等级蒸汽，第一个参数等级为高压过热蒸汽 参数， 主要是将高压锅炉给水 （压力 14.0MPa， 温度 200°C ) 经省煤器、 蒸发器 和过热器加热后产生高压过热蒸汽， 出口过热蒸汽参数为： 流量 600t/h， 压力 12.5MPa, 温度 540°C。省煤器、 屏式过热器 10、 高温过热器 11和第一低温过热 器 12均属于此参数等级的受热面。 第二个参数等级为中压参数， 流量为 250t/h， 进口压力为 2.6MPa， 进口温度为饱和温度， 出口温度为 340°C。 中压参数的蒸 汽来源为锅炉外部其它工艺系统蒸汽，其在锅炉内部的吸热通过外部蒸汽加热器 受热面来完成。
锅炉在运行中需控制过热蒸汽温度和中压蒸汽温度同时达到额定值。上述的 中压参数蒸汽的压力和温度参数恒定， 其流量在 200~300 t/h范围内随锅炉外部 其它工艺系统的需求而波动，但与锅炉过热蒸汽出口的蒸汽流量以及锅炉负荷没 有特定的关系，并不随锅炉负荷降低而降低。为了保证在锅炉在 50%负荷〜 100% 负荷范围内的任意负荷下，中压蒸汽流量在其波动范围内均能达到要求的出口蒸 汽温度，设置了第一烟气调节挡板 8和第二烟气调节挡板 9。在锅炉负荷变化时、 烟气温度变化时以及中压蒸汽流量变化时，通过调节烟气调节挡板的开度， 调节 流经外部蒸汽加热器受热面的烟气流量，从而调节外部蒸汽加热器受热面的吸热 量， 达到控制外部蒸汽加热器出口温度的目的。 由于烟气调节挡板开度变化时， 流经尾部前烟道 3内省煤器的烟气量也相应变化，影响省煤器的吸热量， 由此对 过热蒸汽汽温的影响由过热蒸汽系统配置的两级喷水减温器来进行调节，保证过 热蒸汽出口的汽温也达到额定参数。
实施例 2
本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，尾部前烟道 3内布置了省煤器， 省 煤器的上部布置锅炉过热器； 尾部后烟道 4内布置了外部蒸汽加热器受热面， 外 部蒸汽加热器受热面的下部安装有省煤器。即第一受热面 6由低温过热器和第一 省煤器组成，第二受热面 7由外部蒸汽加热器受热面和第二省煤器组成。其他与 实施例 1相同。
实施例 3
本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，尾部前烟道 3内布置了省煤器； 尾 部后烟道 4内布置了外部蒸汽加热器受热面，外部蒸汽加热器受热面的下部安装 有省煤器。即第一受热面 6单独为第一省煤器，第二受热面 7由外部蒸汽加热器 受热面和第二省煤器组成。 其他与实施例 1相同。
实施例 4
本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，尾部前烟道 3内布置了省煤器， 省 煤器的上部布置锅炉过热器； 尾部后烟道 4内布置了外部蒸汽加热器受热面。即 第一受热面 6由低温过热器和第一省煤器组成，第二受热面 7单独为外部蒸汽加 热器受热面。 其他与实施例 1相同。
实施例 5
本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，尾部后烟道 4内布置了省煤器， 省 煤器的上部布置锅炉过热器； 尾部前烟道 3内布置了外部蒸汽加热器受热面， 外 部蒸汽加热器受热面的下部安装有省煤器。即第二受热面 7由低温过热器和第二 省煤器组成，第一受热面 6由外部蒸汽加热器受热面和第一省煤器组成。其他与 实施例 1相同。
实施例 6
本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，尾部后烟道 4内布置了省煤器； 尾 部前烟道 3内布置了外部蒸汽加热器受热面。即第二受热面 7单独为第二省煤器， 第一受热面 6单独为外部蒸汽加热器受热面。 其他与实施例 1相同。
实施例 7
本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，尾部后烟道 4内布置了省煤器； 尾 部前烟道 3内布置了外部蒸汽加热器受热面，外部蒸汽加热器受热面的下部安装 有省煤器。即第二受热面 7单独为第二省煤器，第一受热面 6由外部蒸汽加热器 受热面和第一省煤器组成。 其他与实施例 1相同。
实施例 8
本发明为一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉，尾部后烟道 4内布置了省煤器， 省 煤器的上部布置锅炉过热器； 尾部前烟道 3内布置了外部蒸汽加热器受热面。即 第二受热面 7由低温过热器和第二省煤器组成，第一受热面 6单独为外部蒸汽加 热器受热面。 其他与实施例 1相同。

Claims

权利要求：
1. 一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉， 包括炉膛 （1 )， 炉膛 （1 ) 与尾部烟道 （2) 连接， 尾部烟道 （2) 的中间部分通过隔墙 （5) 分为尾部前烟道 （3 ) 和尾部后 烟道 （4)， 尾部前烟道 （3) 内设有第一受热面 （6)， 第一受热面 （6) 下面设有 第一烟气调节挡板 （8)， 尾部后烟道 （4) 内设有第二受热面 （7)， 第二受热面
(7) 下面设有第二烟气调节挡板 （9)， 其特征在于， 外部蒸汽加热器受热面仅 设于第一受热面（6)或第二受热面（7) 内， 外部蒸汽加热器包括外部蒸汽加热 器进口集箱 （13) 和外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱 （14)， 外部蒸汽加热器进口集箱
( 13)和外部蒸汽加热器出口集箱（14)分别与外部蒸汽加热器受热面的两端连 接。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述的 第一受热面 （6) 单独为外部蒸汽加热器受热面或由外部蒸汽加热器受热面和第 一省煤器组成， 第二受热面 （7) 单独为第二省煤器或由低温过热器和第二省煤 器组成。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述的 第一受热面 （6) 单独为第一省煤器或由低温过热器和第一省煤器组成， 第二受 热面 （7 ) 单独为外部蒸汽加热器受热面或由外部蒸汽加热器受热面和第二省煤 器组成。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的一种设外部蒸汽加热器的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉 膛 （1 ) 内的主蒸汽压力至少为 8MPa。
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